Read and Understand 4

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Read and Understand 4

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Kamel Guenatri

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ee UNDERSTAND, Shdrvens your redding comorenension anid yocapuleiry stills 2 pas sae ih : Soeteleind conteniorisy ste Anjacccompanying GudIo GD) Gi ei eaee ie sel Gnd Ofalipractice Qeress5 (or yileties ic ‘ = Answerkey providedRED UNDERSTAND)Contents UNIT ON AURWN— Nee ee eee ene SVTMNOURWN=O Dd Preface .. iv A Grim Discovery .. 1 A Sales Report. 7 Problems at Work. Health Scares Desperate Immigrants.. Miraculous Rescue .. Flood Damage .. Closure of a Local Bookshop sess Bills, Bills, Bills Footballers Required ... ‘A Surprise Job Move... Launch of a Lunch Club ‘The Young’s View of the Old .. No Food in the Flat Brainstorming Session A Summons from the Managing Director .. New Competition. M1 CV Deception 9 Jim in Trouble .. 125 Controversial Toll Charging. 132Preface Read and Understand is a series of four workbooks written for secondary or intermediate students who want to improve their reading comprehension skills. The 15 reading texts in each of the two lower-level books deal with social and contemporary issues of interest to teenagers. Each of the two upper-level books contains 20 reading, passages covering a range of highly interesting topics written in different types of text, which include formal and informal letters, newspaper reports, speeches, recounts, conversations and information texts. Students can hear the reading of all the passages on an accompanying audio CD. 2 Z = & 3 2 5 2 g z 3 $ Every unit begins with three or four Pre-Reading Questions to encourage students to think about issues related to the topic. The questions are designed for students to work in pairs or small groups to develop their ability to make predictions and to understand information by drawing on their own knowledge and experience, ‘The Vocabulary Study section makes it convenient for students to look up the ‘meanings of words and phrases highlighted in the passage. ‘The questions and activities in Workbooks 3 and 4 are specially developed to help students sharpen specific reading comprehension and vocabulary skills. They. are organized into the following three categories: Recalling Information ‘The questions in this category test students, at the knowledge level, their ability to pick out from the reading text what happened, to whom, where, when, how or why it happened. At this level, students will have a chance to: + read and recall information from the text; * note the relevance of dates, events and places; and * trace the development of main ideas or points of view. Students are given ample practice in these skills as they recall information and he wwas at death’s door for a while and everyone was very worried the doctors eventually found out what was jon and he'll be up and about next week, pack in harness for a couPIE Of ‘months. And Teall started when Mr Brown W! about him. However wrong. He's had an of although he won't Pe that’s the problem.Unfortunately for us in the offices Mr Brown's sister was visiting Bim from America whef he was taken i, She is now, as she puts it, at the helm while he’s off work and has installed hese in his offic ‘When we first heard about it most of us weren't much bothered about +t although having someone DrovEnt jn over him made the deputy ‘manager hopping mad. However, we had a swift change of attitude when we met Mrs Wiley as she is called. She is 50 if she’s a day and is definitely a cas? of mutton dressed as lamb, She mus! spend hours putting on her slap jn the morning! Not that we cafe “what age she is oF what she 1ooks Tike, but we care about how she treats us—and that is very badly: she has her own business in New ‘York and she’s always telling us how much better her staff are than 0 bet they're all having a ball vghile she's away and oping that she won't come back. It is impossible to please her and she criticizes everyone's work all the time, Mr Brown’s secretary simply ould not stand it any Tonger and is now of ill with stress. The rest of us are thinking of joining her! When she arrived in the office her opening gambit was that We must all-work very hard to ensure that the ‘business did not suffer while the owner was away. It's suffering all right! No one Tikes her and we're Josing both clients and suppliers: Sce what | mean about staying away? Best wishes Buly 410M JO swojqoid €° 2 = 3 a 3 2 = = 2 is 16 ball, have a ball (cliché) ‘word ‘opening’ is, in fact, dressed in a sive of clothes to enjoy yourself very much; redundant since the word much more suited to a Used in informal contexts. The “gambit iself suggests on younger person. The origin expression refers to ballin opening, it beng an opening in _of the expression isthe the sense of formal dance. chess designed fo gain an practice of some butchers ‘advantage for the player. of trying to make mutton, day, if someone is a day the meat from older sheep, (cliché) harness, in hamess used fo emphasize that fidiomitic ees oaeanateia ‘someone is a ceriain age, working, at work. In origin, the . 7 older than they pretend fo be expression refers othe faci amb. inorder 1 deceve fr older than their behaviour that horses ere harnessed “ustomers or clothes suggest; used in when they workhg. picture, put someone in informal coniexts the picture (idion/tchés helm, a the helm death, at death’s door (idiemdctché) Tonereneaed (idiomttches in charge. The expression is__‘forma y nes serious il and key de; rautcalin origin the helm ores" fo understand a sed in fairly informal contexts. being the handle or whee! : HES ta which controls the direction in €xPression which has forewamed i forearmed ee toate some meoring s fill (cliche) revalng someone in. « saying which indicates that having advance knowledge of mad, hopping mad eee clon eee something which is gong to (cliché) pe ht at hoppen means that you can extremely ongry; used in 1 put on your make-up. be prepared fori informal contexts, up and about ‘tices | gambit, opening gambit mutton dressed as lamb 0.461 Bed. especialy ler (cliche Aidion/eliche) wa hi bed someone's opening remarkin a used to describe someone, discussion or conversation. The usualy a woman, who is semeettetnasrtd (Recalling information 1. What was the relationship between Billy and Sam? 2. What had happened to Mr Brown?3. Who had taken over Mr Brown's work in the office? 4. Pick out three things that Billy said about Mrs Wiley, which tell you how she treated her staff. Inderstanding Information 1. What do you think was Mr Brown’s position in the company? Use information in the passage to support your answer. 2. Write a character sketch of Mrs Wiley, using the information in the passage. 3. Although Billy did not directly tell us what Mr Brown was like, you can still infer ‘what kind of boss he was. What can you say of Mr Brown? (Hint: He would be everything that Mrs Wiley was not.) HOM 1 sWa!qold &READ AND UNDERSTAND 4. Choose an idiom from the box to replace the phrase in bold print in each of the sentences below. Write the appropriate idiom at the end of each sentence. put him in the picture mutton dressed as lamb were having a ball be up and about hopping mad (a) Once the cast is removed, Ravish would be able to get out of bed. (b) The carnival was a success. Everyone from young to old enjoyed themselves. (©) Mrs Smith really looked odd. She was middle-aged and dressed in the latest pop fashion. (d) When the cars collided, the drivers stepped out, both in a rage. (e) A student who had chicken pox had just returned to school. His friend told him about the recent happenings in school. 5. Summarize in 80 words the main points in Billy’s letter.The prefect in your class tends to be bossy and often tells off students who do not do exactly as he orders. Two days before the Mathematics teacher, Mr Tank, arrived in class, the prefect shouted at a student, Samuel, to stop talking. When ‘Samuel did not do as he was told, the prefect threw a ruler at him. You get together with a few other students fo discuss a solution to the problem of the prefect’s bossy ways. Write out the solution in 250 words to present to your teacher. e & = a = g 19]GNVIS3GNN GNW Gv3d 20Health Scares A commentary on the issue of health scares. Pre-Reading Questions 1. Talk about a health scare that you know of. 2. What usually are the causes of health scares? 3. How do people react to health scares? Reading Passage Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follow. It seems that hardly a week goes by without the publication of anew health scare. If we were to take all these scares seriously we would be afraid to eat anything at all. Yet, itis difficult for the lay person to decide which should be taken seriously and which should be taken with a pinch of salt. All of them seem so convincing when we read them and most of us do not have the specialized knowledge to separate the wheat from the chaff. Should we be protected from such scares until they are at least completely scientifically substantiated? Is it once again the media, always a convenient whipping boy for everything, it seems, who are to blame? Not so long ago we would have been kept in the dark about health scares, as we were about so many things, But this is the age of communication and of communication technology. Shouldn't the media take the wraps off things that we should be concerned about? The communication revolution has meant that we all have a great deal more information to absorb than was the case formerly. This is a time-consuming exercise and itis often difficult to get one’s head round some of the more complex information. To make matters worse, much of the information is ever-changing. This is particularly seipas YDBREAD AND UNDERSTAND true of the food field. It seems that no sooner do we take on board what we should eat and what we should not than they move the goalposts. Many of us thought that we had got the whole thing sussed. We should avoid red meat like the plague because it increased our cholesterol levels and was bad for our heart. Then it was chicken which was a no-go area because of the risk of salmonella. Still, at least fruit and vegetables were all right, positively bursting with goodness, we were told. Not so now, apparently. Recently, we have been advised that a considerable amount of the fruit and vegetables which are on display in our supermarkets have unacceptably, and even dangerously, high levels of pesticide in them. It appears that whenever we open our mouths and put something in it, we could be damaging our health. We just cannot avoid living dangerously if we are to eat. Probably the only thing to do is to stop ‘area, a no-go area (cliché) something which should not be mentioned, taken, etc. Literally, '@ no-go area’ fs an ‘area which is dangerous for people fo enter or which they ‘ore forbidden to enter. | | board, take something on | board {idionv/clické) to listen to and understond ‘or accept something.To take something on board literally isto take it onto a ship or boat 22 boy, a whi (idionvcliché) someone wo is punished in some way for mistakes made by someone else. The origin of the expression les inthe cuslom once practised in some royal households of punishing a boy who was educated with {prince for mistakes made by the prince, since it was not permitted for anyone, ncudng tutors, to strike @ member of the royal family ing boy worrying about it. Worry, after all, also endangers health. dark, keep someone in the dark (idiomd/eliché) to keep something secret from someone. goalpost, move the goalposts (idiom/cliché) to change the rules, conditions or ims after someting has already started in order to goin some edvantage for yourself and to make things more difficult or confusing for other People.head, get your head round — completely, as it might not be the husks of corn which are something (lich) true or accurate. An alterative no used in making flour. The Jo succeedin understanding form of ths dich is take cliché separate the sheep someting, especially something with a grain of from the goats, has asimilor something dificl; used in salt. meaning 2 | informal contexts and most commonly found innegative -SU8Sed, have something worse, to make matters x |. consuctone sussed (colloquial) one Gia g | _ tO.understand all about to make an already difficult = plague, avoid something "something, somelimes after Sactgn even mors diffu z like the plague (cliche) investigation or coreful study. 8 used fo emphasize how The word 'suss’is formed from wrap, take the wraps off 3 imporiant iis to keep away ‘suspect something (idiom/liche) soon ere n9 wheat, soparate the to stop keeping something : ‘as much as possible. This sa Wheat trom the chat secre, The opposite of ths : bes cvokted to distinguish the good, dever under wraps. salt, take something with a or competent people in a pinch of salt (idiom/cliché) group from the bad, stupid or not to believe something incompetent. Chal refers to memset : | : | much overused cliché and is oni rom Cliché is keep something eae Maen 1. Pick out a statement in paragraph 1 that tells you the author did not believe all the health scares that she read about. 2, What change in modern times has made it possible for people to find out about health scares? 3. What are the two problems with trying to understand health scares? 23READ AND UNDERSTAND 4. Give two examples of health scares that are mentioned in the passage. nm 1, Why do you think a lay person would find it difficult to decide whether a health scare should be taken seriously or not? 2, In the second paragraph, the writer asked three questions but did not expect an answer. These are called rhetorical questions. Rewrite the questions as statements which will make clear what the writer meant. The first one is done for you. Question 1: Should we be protected from such scares until they are at least completely scientifically substantiated? Statement: We should be protected from such scares until they are _ at least completely scientifically substantiated, Question 2: Statement: Question 3: sSalemand: Yee eeae cere cee Pee Hn HE Pn HP He. The writer intended to exaggerate the health scares in order to put across the point forcefully. Pick out the three exaggerated statements that were made. (a) (b) + © . Write the meaning of each of the idioms presented in bold print in the sentences below. (a) Not so long ago we would have been kept in the dark about health scares. (b) To make matters worse, much of the information is ever-changing. (©) Many of us thought that we had got the whole thing sussed. seins YIDeH5. Summarize in 80 words these main points in the passage: + The reason for so much information about health scares. + The problems in understanding the health scare reports. * Some examples of health scares. READ AND UNDERSTAND Recently in your neighbourhood, a number of people have been ill with severe food poisoning. You represent your neighbourhood to write a letter to the people , in authority to make some suggestions. Use some or all of the notes below, which are in random order. Rearrange them ‘and add your own details, * Public advised to eat at least five servings of vegetables and fruit daily. * Government to monitor acceptable level of pesticides. * Scrub root vegetables. * You may want to consider buying organic fruit and vegetables. * Laboratory studies show that pesticides can cause health problems. * Examples ore birth defects, nerve damage, cancer, and other effects that might occur over a long period of time ‘+ Peeling fruit and vegetables for children is a sensible precaution. 26‘+ Most vegetables and fruit grown with the use of pesticides. * Pesticide residues may be present inside or on these foods, * Discard any outer leaves on leafy crops Write the letter in 250 words. You may begin as follows: Dear Sir, Recently there has been concern among the public about the level of pesticides in fruit and vegetables. $0095 YIIDeH &Desperate Immigrants 5 An exposition of the situation of asylum seekers. Pre-Reading Questions 1. What do you think of when you hear the word ‘immigrants’? 2. Why do you think some immigrants would be desperate? 3. Ask one question that you want answered after reading the passage. READ AND UNDERSTAND Reading Passage Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and : idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follow. ‘There is growing concern about the number of immigrants who are seeking asylum. Then there is the question of their safety. Many of them are so desperate to leave their own countries and start a new life in another that they will grasp at any opportunity which they believe will enable them to do this. Sadly, many of them risk life and limb and still do not fulfil their dream. Unscrupulous people are taking advantage of asylum seekers by promising to get them into the country of their choice by fair means or foul, provided they give them money. The desperate asylum seekers are parting with money which they have serimped and sayed for all their lives and are even taking the money which ageing parents had set aside for a rainy day and giving it to these people. They have high hopes of a safer, better life and the money seems well worth it. Most of them do not have the ghost of a chance of asylum in the country in which they wish to settle, especi: granted ly if they try to enter it illegally, but they are often ignorant of this fact. There are some who do know the score, but are prepared to take the risk anyhow, particularly if their lives are in danger in their own countries or if they face imprisonment by staying there.A great many asylum seekers who try to leave their countries with the help of profiteers are putting their lives in the hands of these charlatans. Various dangerous methods are attempted to get asylum seekers into their preferred destination and many asylum seekers are injured, or even killed, in the process, Some are hidden in container lorries for long periods of time with not enough food and drink and not enough air to breathe properly. Some have even been found hanging on for dear life’s sake to the bottom of trains. Always, they are under threat of discovery as well as danger. syuos6)uUl] ojosedseq ¢ Even those who, against all the odds, do succeed in reaching their promised land often face disappointment and heartache. Frequently, they find they are not allowed to stay in what they regard as a safe haven. They end up by being deported, frequently spending several uncomfortable and frustrating months before finding this out. The dream which was within their grasp has been snatched from them. : chance, not to have the or very unpleasant but in this hope, have high hopes of s ghost of a chance context its meaning is similar something (cliché) : lidiom/cliché) to that of the noun, an action to be confident about your 2 to have no possibilty of which is against the rules of a chances of success. success, used in fairy informal game or sport. Another cliché contexts. Another cliché, only which has the same mearing "an, the promised land bs (cliché) wench hes th sone ening Biby hook or by.ereck a place or situation where haven, a safe haven ‘great happiness or success Snot to have an early a is expected to be found and — ‘a place where you will be free looked forward to eagerly. fair, by fair means or foul from harm or danger. This This expression is a biblical : (clické) ‘expression is on example of__reference. The Promised Land : in any possible way, whether tautology since the same idea was Canaan, the land which ‘his fs honest and just or not; is given twice using different God promised to the Jews Used fo indicate someone's words. The noun ‘haven’ means Another cliché which has 0 determination to do something. a place of safety and does not biblical origin, and which hos 3 ‘Foul’ as an adjective now need the addition of the ‘a similor meaning, is a land usually meons diy, disgusting adjective safe’ of milk and honey. 29READ AND UNDERSTAND 30 life, for dear life's sake in joumalese or as on (cliché) ‘exaggeration in informal or used to indicate the great humorous contexts. speed or effort and urgency with which someone is dong odds, against all the odds, something. The suggestion is (cliché) ‘that someone is acting as in spite of very great difficulties. though ther ite were in or problems. The word ‘odds’ danger. refers fo the degree to which life, put your ae something is likely to happen. hands of someone (idiom/cliché) to trust someone not fo harm you. The cliché take your life in your hands means to take the risk of being killed or rainy, a rainy day (idiondeliché) {a time of financial difficulties in the future, The cliché is ‘mostly found as part of the expression save jor keep) harmed, bul iis offen used ery humorously. The origin of the expression Ife, risk life and tim lies inthe fac that agricultural (cliché) workers could not work on wel forum the risk of death or days and so did not eam any serous injury often used money. ‘score, know the score (idiondeliche) to be well aware of the facts of a situation, inckuding the possible risks or disadvantages; used in fairy informal contexts. The expression refers to the score in a game or match. scrimp and save (cliché) to be very careful about how cone spends money in order fo be able to save some, offen for a particular purpose ‘Scrimp! means to be very tity and careful with money ‘and 50 the two words in the ‘expression have similar meanings [Meee 1. What are the two concerns about immigrants seeking asylum? 2. How did asylum seekers pay for their passage into the country of their choice? 3. Why are some asylum seekers so desperate to leave their own countries even at the risk of not getting asylum?4, Name the methods used to get asylum seekers to their destination. 5. After entering the country, what is likely to happen to the asylum seekers? Caren Momeni) 1, Complete each of the sentences below to show cause and effect. (a) Asylum seekers risk their lives to get to another country because (b) Some people would take the life savings from asylum seekers as (©) The consequence of the dangerous methods used to transport the asylum seekers is (@)_ When asylum seekers are not granted a safe haven, it means that they .. Why do you think ageing parents are willing to give their savings to their sons and daughters who are seeking asylum? 3. Identify some characteristics of the profiteers. 2 3 : sjuos6)ww}READ AND UNDERSTAND 4, Match the first part of a sentence in column A with its second part in column B by joining the dots. Column A Column B (a) The youth was hailed a hero (b) ‘The football team whom noone + + expected to go beyond the first round (©) You knew the score when you + + helped your friend (4) One of the best lessons to teach * the young (©) Gold is regarded as a safe eis haven is to save for a rainy day. after he risked life and limb to save the drowning child, in times of economic crisis. and so don’t expect repayment. went on to win against all the odds. 5. Summarize in 100 words the main points in the passage. Use the following notes to guide you: Why do asylum seekers leave their countries? What do asylum seekers pay to leave their countries? How are asylum seckers transported? What happens after asylum seekers reach their destinations?Your overseas pen-pal recently wrote to say that his cousin would like fo seek employment as a foreign worker in your country. He would like 1o know what itis, like to live and work in your city. In about 250 words, write a reply using the headings below and add details of your own. Rearrange the material if necessary. ‘© Housing - size and cost of accommodation ‘* Transport ~ whether public transport system is in place '* Climate ~ seasons, minimum and maximum temperatures, humidity level * People and Work - main ethnic groups, languages spoken, what kinds of jobs are available * Entertainment - popular leisure activities, interesting sights * General - food, postal services, medical services, banks, schools, libraries sjupi6wwy ejosedseq ¢GNV1SY30NN ONY aVva¥Miraculous Rescue A report of a near-fatal fire in a local newspaper. (Parkers 1. From the title and subfitle above, say what you think the passage is about. 2. Recall a fire that you heard or read about 3. Can fires be prevented? Why or why not? Reading Passage Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and Idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. A city fire nearly ended in terrible tragedy for a city family last night. A woman and her three young children were asleep upstairs in their home at 5 Woodview Terrace when a fire broke out in the kitchen and spread like wildfire. According to firefighters, the family would all have perished, had it not been for the quick action of their next-door neighbour, 53-year-old Martin Giles, who climbed up a ladder to rescue the children and their mother, 36-year-old Margaret Redwood. One of the children, five-year-old Becky, was suffering from severe smoke inhalation and had to be taken to hospital. At first, there were fears for her safety but doctors have declared that she is now out of the woods and will be able to leave hospital tomorrow. Miraculously, the other two children escaped without a scratch. Mrs Redwood sustained minor burns and is still in a state of shock. ‘The children and their mother owe their lives to Mr Giles, who threw caution to the winds and risked his life to save the family. ‘I didn’t stop to think. I was on automatic pilot. I just saw the flames, heard the children scream and raced to get my ladder. Anyone else would have done the same. I got them out just in the nick of time. ‘The whole house went up like a light just as Mrs Redwood got out.” Mrs Giles called the fire brigade as soon as they saw the flames, but despite responding instantly to the call, the firefighters arrived too late. The house was a blazing inferno when they arrived and there was little they could do. Said fireman Jack Lauder, ‘Usually we ‘enosey snojnoDIW 9 eREAD AND UNDERSTAND 36 advise members of the public to leave rescue work to the professional, iren would have died if it had not been for Mr Giles. He is being too modest. He really laid his own life on the line to save the kids. For us, that kind of rescue goes with the territory and but those cl we're trained and equipped for it. It’s al in a day’s work. But Martin Giles is a real hero. He deserves a medal.” ‘The cause of the fire appears to have been faulty electric wiring, Said fire investigator Paul Jennings, ‘From what I can see the wiring was in a terrible state. The whole house was a death trap. It’s amazing that no lives were lost.” (ra inferno, a bl (cliché) literally a brightly burning dangerous fre whichis out of contro, but often used in Jouralese, particulary in headlines, as on exaggerated way of describing any fire in a buiding. as well as being used to describe a large ‘nd dangerous fire light, go up like a light (cliché) fo catch fire very quickly and strongly. The cliché go out like a light means to fall asleep very quickly and very soundly ing inferno line, tay your life on the line (idionveliché) {o put your life at risk pilot, on automatic pilot (cliché) to act without thinkhng about what you are doing, often when doing something which you have done many fimes before. scratch, without a scratch (cliche) without berng damaged or hurtin any way. The word “vnscathed' has a similar meaning territory, go with the territory (cliché) used to dascrbe something that often occurs ino partialar situation and so has fo be ‘accepted and dealt with; used in fairly informal contexts time, in the nick of time (cliche) ust in time; ot the last moment. trap, a death trap (cliché) «@ dangerous place; used in rather informal contexts or in journolese. wildfire, spread like wildfire (cliche) to spread extremely quickly The origin of this expression is uncertain, but it has been suggested that ‘wildfire’ might originally have been used of a fiercely buming fre caused by lightning wind, throw caution to the winds (cliché) to act in on impulsive, reckless way. wood, out of the woods (idiondetiché) no longer in danger or serious trouble. The word woods’ here is used as a metaphor for danger or difficulty because a wood or forest is ful of obstacles, unlike clear, Lunwooded ground, work, all in a day's work (cliché) Used to describe something that isnot considered unusul or difficult for someone, bbecause itis something which they offen experience, frequently 0s part of their job; Used in faitly informal contexts,gel Tale Mlaliogue roa) 1. Who did Martin Giles rescue from the fire? 2. Where and when did the fire start? 3. How did Mr Giles save the family? 4. Describe the injuries of Mrs Redwood and her children. 5. What alerted Mr Giles to the fire? 6. What appeared to have caused the fire? (Understanding information 1. If you were Mrs Margaret Redwood, how would you thank Mr Martin Giles? 2. Think of at least five adjectives to describe Mr Martin Giles. ‘anosey son 9 374. Match each of the sentences in column A with a follow-up comment in column B. Write the letter of the correct follow-up comment in the box that corresponds with the sentence, 5. Summarize the account of the rescue in 80 words. To guide you, think of these words: where, when, who, how, what and why.You witnessed a brave act on your way to school one moming. Below are some notes about the incident: * Car engine on fire * Lady driver paralysed with fear. ‘+ Two children in the back seat. + Passerby tried to open car door, found it locked ‘+ Smashed glass of door and opened it Pulled out children and driver. * Called police on his mobile phone. In about 200 words, write a letter to a friend describing the incident and your feelings. Refer to Unit 3 for an example of a friendly letter. Use those features of ‘an informal salutation and a complimentary close, and take a friendly tone in your letter, using idioms to make it lively. nosey snojnoW 9 39QNVISY3GNN ONY aVvaa 40Flood Damage 7 A report in a local evening newspaper about the effect of flooding on the city theatre. [ QaErnr Kren 1. Where do floods usually happen? 2. in what circumstances would floods occur in a building? 3. Ask one question that you want answered after reading the passage CE ESErT Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. Staff arriving for work this morning at the Carousel Theatre discovered that they were up to their knees in water. The water supply to the building was immediately cut off and the drying-out operation began. There was no heavy rain in the city last night and, indeed, it is one of life’s little ironies that this whole area has recently been experiencing drought conditions and people have been asked to conserve water supplies. The most likely explanation is that flooding was caused by a burst pipe However, it has been rumoured that a member of staff accidentally left a tap running in the theatre bar after a party at the theatre. The ‘owner of the theatre, Mr Mark Burchill, who has been on holiday in France, has said that he is devastated by the damage to the building and that if any members of staff are found to have caused the flooding through negligence, then heads will roll. Meanwhile, he says that he is more interested in getting on with clearing up the mess than with discussing the whys and wherefores of what happened. The flooding is a double whammy for Burchill since his flat is next door to the theatre and has also suffered a great deal of damage. eGpwng pool £ =‘The extent of the damage has not yet been assessed, but the theatre manager, Bill Redpath, speaking on behalf of Mark Burchill, said today, ‘I would like to say that it would be business as usual, but there is no possibility of thi restaurant, is going to have to close down completely for extensive repairs. We have no idea how long the repairs will take. At this stage it is a case of how long is a piece of string? We hope that work will . The theatre, along with the bar and begin almost immediately and will progress by leaps and bounds.” READ AND UNDERSTAND There has been speculation that Burchill will see the flood damage as the last straw and close down the theatre, It is known that he has : been struggling financially to keep the theatre open and there have been rumours for some time that closure was imminent. However, : Burchill has issued a categorical denial that he is considering the closure of the theatre and has said that such a thing would happen . over his dead body. Be that as it may, many people in the area regard the flooding as a blessing in disguise. Said one of them, “The property is in a shocking state of repair and should either be pulled down or completely renovated.” : blessing, a blessing in denial, a categorical denial used in humorous contexts. In : disguise (cliche) (clické) origin, the cliché refers to a ‘something which at first seems used to emphasize how head roling off ater someone } unfortunate, but turns out tobe confident the speaker or writer has been executed by hdving fortunate is about denying something, their head cut off. ‘though sometimes the ‘expression has an effect ‘opposite tothe one intended ‘ond makes people feel the business as usual (cliché) Used fo indicate that the usual ‘work routine of something will irony, one of life's litle ironies (cliche) ‘a humorous expression used ‘not be interrupted. specker isnot teling the to describe a situation that is dead, over my dead body truth ppg oe from, (clické) what you would expect. Used to indicate strong heads will roll idion/cliche) leap, by leaps and bounds ‘opposition fo something and a used to indicate that someone (elché) determination that it will not willbe punished or get into. _used to indicate thot progress hoppen serious trouble; sometimes or increase is very fast 8may, be that as it may makes you feel as though you whammy, a double (cliche) connot tolerate the stuation. whammy (lich) this expression meons that The expression comes from the used fo describe a situation in something may be rue, bul proverb it isthe last straw whch two bad things happen it is often used rather Which breaks the camel's 0 someone at the same lime; meminglessly, especialy by back. used in informal contexts and = Pocrde hom fe string, how long is apiece Joumolese. . of string? (cliché) why, the whys and = used fo indicate thot tis wherefores (cliché) g fae impossible to give an estimate the details ofthe background Fi eet cries of difean ofthe aroun! or exten of toa stuaton, 8 eeelcmeat eens amie something used informal contexts. (iii 1, What were the possible explanations for the flooding of the Carousel Theatre? 2. Why was the flooding a double whammy for Mr Burchill? 3. Why did people speculate that Mr Burchill might close down the theatre? 4, What was Mr Burchill’s reply to the speculation? 5. Why did many people regard the flooding as a blessing in disguise?READ AND UNDERSTAND * = a \derstanding Information 1. Explain why the flooding of the theatre was described as ironic. 2. Trace the time line of events in this report. Use the organizer below. ‘The Carousel Theatre was flooded knee-high with water. 1 3. In paragraph 2, Mr Burchill said that ‘heads will roll’. What possible action could Mr Burchill take? :4, Often in newspaper reports, different points of view are given about an event. Write the different points of view of Mr Burchill and Mr Redpath on the one hand, and some of the people in the area, on the other hand. 5. Replace the phrase in bold print in each of the following sentences with one idiom from the box. Write the appropriate idiom after each sentence. a double whammy a blessing in disguise have business as usual the whys and wherefores by leaps and bounds (a) Referring to the loss of the digital video disks, the manager said he would find out what happened. (b) Under the new coach, the tennis team improved very quickly. (c) Tim said that cancelling the trip though seemingly disappointing was actually fortunate as he could spend more time with his family. (d)_ The businessman suffered two blows. He had to withdraw his product from the shops and to face being charged in court. (e) Though it was a public holiday, the reception desk will function normally. aBowog pools £6. Summarize in 80 words the flooding of the Carousel Theatre so that anyone reading it would be informed of the key points. 2 2 i= 3 FS a a Z = 3 s The town of Mahpoor was badly affected by severe floods. You are a reporter of a local newspaper. The following are your notes of what you saw. Flooding caused by heavy monsoon rain — heavy storms and thunder daily — overflowing of river water into the town despite sandbags along river banks — two thirds of town submerged ~ people evacuated from homes — risk of water- bore diseases — policemen use canoes to patrol town — hospitals overcrowded with patients suffering from foot and eye infections, diarrhoea and stress — 90 deaths from drowning — food shortage — heavy damage to livestock and crops ~ huge areas of farmland destroyed — construction activities stopped — people making the best of situation Rearrange and expand the notes as necessary, to write a report for the newspaper in 200 words. You might start as follows: : SEVERE FLOODING AT MAHPOOR . The town of Mahpoor is stricken by massive floods. 46READ AND UNDERSTAND. Closure of a Local Bookshop A report in a local newspaper. [cee eee en 1. Give some reasons why a shop would close. 2. Given the title above, do you think the passage would be positive or negative? 3. Must closure of a shop always be seen in a negative way? Why or why nol? (CERISE Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. Book-lovers will be sad to hear that the owners of Morton's, the well-known high street bookshop, have announced its closure. The family-owned bookshop has been selling its wares in the town for more than 50 years and it will be sorely missed. Mr Robert Morton said last night, ‘We are having to close because of financial circumstances. It is Hobson’s choice. We have fought tooth and nail to keep the shop open, but our efforts have been unsuccessful. Now we have decided that enough is enough. “Bankruptcy has been staring us in the face for some months and ‘we wanted to act before we had to call in the receiver. It goes against the grain to accept defeat, but we must acknowledge that we have reached the end of the road. “This is by no means the first time that we have been in a tight corner, but on previous occasions we were able to see some light at the end of the tunnel and managed to cope until things improved financially. This is not the case today. The future holds little hope of improvement. 7 “A few years ago we would have had no difficulty selling either the business or the building. Now, after many months, we have given up trying to find an owner for the business and the building is still onthe market. There is simply no demand for commercial property in the centre of town, “I am afraid that this will be the shape of things to come for the town. People prefer to shop at the shopping complexes out of town where there is plenty of parking space and where they get a large selection of goods in a relatively small area. At the same time, the cost of maintaining property in the town centre is going up and up. ‘Town centre shops are facing a very uncertain future and I fear that several of them wi soon be in the same position as we are today.” Jim Park, a representative of the local chamber of commerce, agrees wholeheartedly with what Robert Morton said, ‘This is a sad day for the town,’ he commented, ‘and it could well be the thin end of the wedge. With parking facilities in the centre of the town becoming more and more limited, more and more people are choosing to go out, of town to do their shopping. Sadly, it appears that high street shopping is in danger of becoming past its sell-by date and something must be done quickly to ensure that there is not a general exodus of shop-owners from the high street. It would be extremely bad for the town to be left with whole rows of empty shops on its main street.” (oo EE choice, Hobson's choice (cliché) no choice at al since the only choice offered is taking what you are offered or getting nothing at all. Hobson’ is said to be the name of the owner of a stable in Cambridge, England, the seventeenth century who offered horses for hire, but the hirer could only have the horse which wos nearest the door at that time ‘corner, in a tight corner (cliché) a difficult situation from which itis not easy to escape, in serious trouble. date, past its (or your) selkby date (cliché) 1no longer considered useful used in informal, sometimes humorous, contexts. The expression refers to the date Given on an article of food, alter which it should not be sold, The cliché beyond (or past! your jor its) shelf life has @ similar meaning, ‘enough is enough (cliché) used fo emphasize that itis time something came to an ‘end or that you are not prepared to tolerate it any more ‘exodus, a general exodus (cliché) used fo refer fo the movement ‘of the majonty of people from ‘a 00m or building; the ‘expression sounds rather literary, but itis widely used doysyoog [0201 0 Jo ainsoiy @2 2 z g 8 g 5 3 3 z 8 3 50 face, staring you in the face shape, the shape of things after o period of difficulty or (idiondcliché) to come (cliché) trouble. The expression was to seem very likely tohoppen. something which shows how made popular by the American things ore likely to be, of likely president, John F Kennedy, who ‘grain, go against the grain to develop, inthe future. The used it in a press conference {idiomicliché) expression was made popular with reference fo the Vielnam {io be against someone's usual by a novel by HG Wels, enfiled War in 1962 ideas of feelings. n orign, the The Shape of Things fo Come expression refers to the grain (1933), ee of the of wood is eos 0 64°F sagt fight tooth and nall something which sel rot Girecion of he grain rather —_‘(iiondlihé) very important, but which could mace tory very hard to achieve or be the begining of an keep something, despite important development or difculies or atiempts fo change whch s undesirable or eaten oe F88 prevent you ding so harmful A wedge isa solid used to refer to the end of tunnel, light at the end of __P40ck of wood or metal that is something the tinal ianartiane) ttn tone end but gradually hope or optimism for the future 92! thicker. lecalling Information 1. Who would be saddened by the closure of Morton's? 2. What was the reason for the closure of Morton's? 3. How did Mr Morton fight tooth and nail to try and save the bookshop? 4, What were the two reasons for the poor sales faced by Merton's?Prerelnela MW aieltanalfola) 1. Explain in your own words: ‘It is Hobson's choice.” 2. Explain in your own words what Mr Robert Morton said in paragraph 3. 3. Pick out the two similar statements made by Mr Robert Morton and Mr Jim Park, Mr R Morton: Mr J Park: 4, You will notice that many of the idioms in the newspaper report are used to describe a difficult situation. They can also be used to express positive situations, as in the sentences below. Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate idiom provided in the box. fought tooth and nail end of the road in a tight comer past their sell-by date ‘a general exodus. (a) The company is re-training staff members who are so that they will have new, useful skills, doysyoog 9207 0 Jo ainsoiyREAD AND UNDERSTAND 52 (b) It was a pleasant surprise that though the shopping complex moved further away, __________ of customers did not happen. (©) Despite trailing behind in the first half, the players in the second half and regained lost ground. (d) We have been before and we can get round this new setback. (c) Take heart! One failure is not the . Summarize in 80 words the key information in this report. You should have the following points: + Reasons for the closure of the bookshop + Efforts made by the owner to save the business + Results of the effortsYou are an employee in a bookshop that is facing poor sales. You have some ideas about how to improve sales. Write out a proposal in 200 words to be submitted to the owner. Use the notes below, adding details as necessary. Build a website to allow book sales online ~ hold book sales in schools and ‘community centres — introduce reading rewards, e.g. buy any 10 books (no time limit) and get a free $10 voucher — hold a monthly theme display, e.g. sports and adventure, or business and finance — write book reviews in the local newspapers. doysyoog J020] » Jo ainsojy g 53Bills, Bills, Bills An account of financial and other family problems. [ Eee 1. What does the title above tell you about the main point in the passage? 2. What would cause a person to say ‘Bills, bills, bills’? 3. Are you sympathetic to those who are faced with this situation? Why or why not? READ AND UNDERSTAND Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. Lucy looked through the letters which the postman had just delivered and said to Mike, ‘Nothing but bills again. What are we going to do? We can’t possibly pay them all this month.” “We'll discuss them tonight,’ said Mike. ‘I’m late for work.’ Where bills were concerned Mike was apt to bury his head in the sand. Meanwhile Lucy sat at the breakfast table having another cup of coffee and remembering the haleyon days when she could go out and buy new clothes and make-up without thinking twice. It had been yonks since she had bought anything for herself. All the money seemed to go on household bills or the twins. Lucy loved the twins dearly, as did Mike, but their arrival had undeniably knocked Lucy's plans for six. Her pregnancy had been planned and she had been looking forward to being a mother, but she had also planned to return to work, at least on a part-time basis, after the baby was a few months’ old, She enjoyed working and they would need her salary even more when the baby was born, However, it was very much a case of the best-laid schemes. A few months into her pregnancy Lucy was told by the doctor that she was expecting twins and, when the two bundles of joy arrived, it was 54obvious that Lucy was going to have to postpone her plans to go back to work. Finding childcare for one baby was hard enough; finding childcare for two babies of exactly the same age proved impossible. Lucy's mother had been prepared to look after one baby part-time, but she drew the line at looking after two. She was apologetic, but felt that she was too old and did not have enough energy to care for twins, ‘Then there was Mike’s mother, but she had a part-time job and she and Lucy did not really get on. At one point they had had a major row and, although they had agreed to let bygones be bygones. things were never the same again. Lucy and Mike’s mother would never see eye to eye on childcare and, in any case, Mike's mother did not offer to help with the twins. As if things were not bad enough, Mike seemed to have forgotten about his assurances during Lucy's pregnancy that he would share the task of looking after the babies. He said that it was just not possible to share and share alike when he had to go to work and Lucy did not. His only contribution to childcare was to give his sons and heirs a cuddle when he came home from work. bygone, let bygones be Halcyon’ the Greek name for head, bury one’s, bygones (cliché) kingfisher and the expression the sand (idion/cché) to forget about bad things refers to an old belie thal the to avoid deaiing with a ‘hich have happened in the kingfisher lai is eggs during a problem by ignoring it past and try to make anew fourteen-day period of The expression refers to star. The cliché forgive and particularly calm weather. (n old belief that ostriches forget hos 0 similar mesring. ye, 59 aye to oye day, halcyon days (cliché) _(idiomd/ctické) times which are remembered to agree with someone, usually Cs being particuiarly hoppy. _used in negative constructions react to danger by burying their head in the sand, os though this action made them invisible 552 os = 3 Z 5 2 z = 2 s joy, bundle of joy (cliché) become almost a proverb, is «baby; used in informal, often ‘The best-laid schemes 0’ mice humorous, contexts ond in and men gang af agley, and Journals. is from the poem To a Mouse (1786111 means literally The line, draw the tine at best-lid schemes of mice and something (idion/cliché) toretuse todo somethng «er offen go wrong’ because you find it share and share alike unacceptable or because it (cliché) {goes over some kind of limit to divide something equally. which you hove sel.In origi, iy. Knock someone the expression refers fo the raving of ane as a eee boundary, osin some games, (MA one scheme, the bestaid or something. The ciché also schemes cliché) ‘means 10 surprise of shock fever plans which are worked someone greally The cout extremely carefully con go expression has is org in the \wrong, The expression from game ofcckt refering fo ‘a quotation froma poem by sation in which o batsman the Scotish poo! Robert Burns, his the ball over the boundary ‘he quotation, which has without it touching the ground before that and, thus, scores six runs or point. son and heir (cliché) {@ son, often a baby; often used in inform, ond usualy humorous contexs, since most fariies are not weatty ‘enough to think of an infant son in terms of what he wil inherit from them, think twice (idiom/liché) to consider something very carefuly before acing; often used in negative constructions to emphasize that someone is not at all worried or careful ‘about doing something ryonks (colloguialism) {very long time. The origin of this expression is not known, TEM 1. What was Lucy’s concern when she received the bills? 2. In what way had Lucy’s spending habits changed? 3. What was the reason that Lucy did not continue working after the twins were born?4, Why did Lucy’s mother draw the line at looking after the twins? 5. What were the reasons that Mike's mother could not help to look after the twins? Cr 1. Think of two adjectives that could describe each of the following characters. Tey eect eeer cee EE eee ce eEee eee EEE eee ECE eEE CEC Mike: Lucy’s mother: Mike's mother: 2. In your own words, explain ‘However, it was very much a case of the best-laid schemes.’ 3. Lucy could not find childcare for the twins and so had to stop work. Could such a situation happen in your country? If so, how would young couples in your country handle the situation?READ AND UNDERSTAND 4, Fill in each of the blanks with one of the idioms given in the box. @) ) © @) ©) let bygones be bygones see eye to eye haleyon days share and share alike think twice Father sometimes recalls the —————__ when he was a carefree undergraduate. Growing up with two brothers and two sisters taught me to_______ Let’s agree to____ and forget our differences. ‘Though we may not on everything, my friend and I share many common interests. 1 strongly advise you to before visiting a country that is on the brink of war. 5. Summarize in 80 words the difficulties that Lucy faced after the birth of her twins.You read on article in the newspaper that goes like this: Dear Sir, From recent press reports, I get the impression that teenage students expect to receive large amounts of pocket money. They spend this on large meals in the school canteen, on entertainment and on clothes that are the fad of the day. This to me is an unhealthy trend. Whatever has happened to the enduring values of saving for what you want and even working for it, for example, by giving tuition or doing household chores. Young people are a pampered lot and if the present trend continues they will grow up without the virtues of discipline and hard work. ‘Yours faithfully William Holt You feel strongly about the points made in the above letter. Write your reply to the newspaper. 2 59Dear Sir GNVis¥3aNn ONW aVv3d Yours faithfullyFootballers Required 10 —Anappeal from the PE Department to the students of a school. Pre-Reading Questions 1. What do you think the PE Department would say? 2. Give your opinion on whether such appeals are effective, 3. Do you think that being active in sports is beneficial? Why or why not? peunbey si9jjoqioos OL SMES Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. Students are warned that we will almost certainly have to reduce the number of school teams from four to three, or even two, if more people do not turn up for training on Wednesdays after school and on Saturday mornings. We are extremely reluctant to do this and are appealing for your help. Ideally, you should have at least some football talent or, at least, not have two left feet. First and foremost, however, you should have commitment. Our problem at the moment is that several potential members of the football teams seem to think that they can simply tum up for practice when they please or when they have nothing better to do. This is not the right attitude. You cannot pick and choose which 3 practice sessions you will attend and which you will not. You have to attend them all, come rain or shine, if you are going to be good enough to play for any of the school teams. Furthermore, while you 61READ AND UNDERSTAND are at the practice session you should be prepared to give it your all. We need keen players who are willing to train hard in order to be fighting fit and in top form. For your health’s sake you should consider taking more physical exercise rather than be content to become a couch potato. There have been many medical reports recently which have stressed the importance of young people getting more exercise, Football is an excellent and enjoyable way of doing so. The thoughts of some of you are already focused on post-school education and training and rightly so. A word in your ear! It is often not enough to have good academic results in order to impress people with your CV. Extracurricular activities are also of great importance. You should bear in mind that many universities prefer to have students who have some prowess in some form of sport, not least because they wish to gain success on the sports field as well as in the exam room. Not only that, but many business firms give preference to those who can prove themselves to be team players. What better proof than actually to have been in a team? Our first team is going from strength to strength at the moment. Indeed, it is head and shoulders above any other in the school league. The second team is also playing well and has achieved a number of successes. But we need committed players for the other ‘two teams which we regard as our training teams. Come and join us! ‘You may discover that you have hidden talents!all, give it your all (cliché) to put as much effort as possible nto something or into doing something. The chché sive it your best shot hos a similar meaning couch potato (idionvcliché) someone who spends too ‘mush time siting around, especially spending a lot of time watching television rather than dohg something active ear, a word in your ear (idiomdcliché) © private or confidential remork to someone that you don't ‘want other people to hear. feet, have two left foot (idionveliché) tobe very cumsy or awkward in moving your feet. first and foremost (cliché) most importantly. This is one of several clichés where both words inthe cliché mean the some thing ond the two are Used together for emphasis. fit, fighting fit (cliche) very wall or healthy. n origin, the cliché refers to a boxer being in good enough condition to figh. form, in (or on) top form (cliché) sed to indicate that someone is doing something as well as they can. The cliché comes from horse racing, the word “Yorm’ referting to the condition ‘ond fitness of a horse, head and shoulders above ‘someone or something (idiomdctiché) very much better than someone or something, in origin, the cliché refers to ‘someone who is much taller than others. pick and choose (cliché) ‘to make your choice of something very carefully, often with the suggestion that there is a wide choice availble. rain, come rain or shine (cliche) ‘whatever the weather is; ‘whatever happens. Tis cliché is sometimes shortened to rain or shine, The word shine’ refers to sunshine strength, go from strength to strength (cliche) to get better and better or mote and more successful team, a team player (jargon) {© person who works well wth {© group of other people and ‘who is more concerned with the success of the group as a ‘whole than with their own Personal success; often used {5 part of business jargon ond in job advertisements Ie 1, What was the purpose of the appeal from the PE Department? 2. Lis the requirements that students must have when they join the football clubs. Paunbay siajjoqioos OL3. Name the benefits of football stated in the appeal. 4. Why did the school need more football players? READ AND UNDERSTAND. eel Maeno 1. An appeal has to be persuasive in order to achieve its purpose. Would you have been persuaded by it? Before you decide, analyse the arguments made. Arguments to persuade How convincing are students to join these arguments? 642. Would you agree that having a strong extracurricular activities record is important? Why? 3. Replace each of the phrases in bold with an idiom that has the same meaning and write it on the line provided. Choose from the idioms used in the passage. pesinbey sialioqioos OL (a) To lose weight, the inactive person was told to diet and exercise regularly. (b) Whatever the circumstances, you can count on us to be there. (c) John has my vote for the award as he is very much better than the other candidates. (d)_ Most supermarkets will allow customers to select freely from a wide range of fruit and vegetables, (e) After months of rigorous training, the cycling team is full of strength and I aaa alae eet 4, In 100 words, summarize the key points in the appeal. Include the following: + The purpose of the appeal + The PE Department's expectations of students in the football teams + The benefits for students who join 65READ AND UNDERSTAND ES Imagine that you are a captain of your school sports club and you are asked by the teacher-in-charge to think of ways to get more students to join. Pick a sport that you know about and write a proposal of 200 words to the teacher-in-charge. Include the following, ond add details as necessary. * Members will be trained by an ex-student who was a champion of that sport. + Annual residential training camp will be held ‘+ Arrangements with sports shop for members to buy sports equipment at a discount. ‘© Programme of friendly matches with neighbouring schools. * Social get-togethers will be held end of each term.10 Footballers RequiredREAD AND UNDERSTAND A Surprise Job Move 1 1 A conversation on someone’ reasons for changing jobs. Pre-Reading Questions 1. Whet would cause a person to change jobs? 2. What do you think of someone who changes jobs? 3. Do you agree with the following statements? Why or why not? * Itis wrong to leave a job because of poor working relationships * Never move to a lower paying job. (RUERI ESET Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows, ‘I’ve just heard that Mike’s moved jobs,’ said Jack to Peter. ‘The strange thing is that he’s moved to a much smaller firm and he’s usually so ambitious. It doesn’t sound like the kind of thing he'd do. Moving to a larger firm would be much more his style.” Peter replied, ‘I was talking to briefly last night, but he didn’t have time to give me any details. He said he'd tell me all about it next time we meet. I gather that he still liked the work he was doing, but the marketing department, where he worked, had become a revolving door. A lot of people left before Mike did and their replacements are staying no time at all. That must be very unsettling for everyone.’ Just then, Mike walked in and they asked him what had happened to make him change jobs. He began to tell them the background to his in a nutshell, it’s all the fault of the new marketing director. About six months ago, management decided that as a move. ‘To putcompany we didn’t have a high enough profile and they got rid of Jeff Jones, who was head of marketing, and appointed someone to improve the image of the company. Unfortunately, the new broom is one of those people who takes an instant dislike to some people and sets out to make their lives a misery. I don’t know what he's done for the public image of the firm, but morale has rock bottom. It’s particularly sad because Jeff Jones was a good boss and it was a very happy department when he was there.” Peter said, “That's dreadful. It’s very difficult to work under such circumstances. How did you get on with him?” ‘I got on with him all right, I suppose, but his mood could change from one minute to another. None of us knew where we stood with him, I decided early on to get out while the going was good and was, lucky enough to get a job with Smith & Jones. They’re a much smaller company, but you can see that they’re going places. They treat their staff well and so they stay around.” “It might be in the end a good career move, then,” said Jack. ‘Perhaps he did you a favour, after all.” ‘Certainly,’ said Jack. ‘I’ve taken a cut in salary at the moment, but looking at the big picture I can see that my promotion prospects are much better.” “You wouldn't go back to your old job if this new man left, then?” asked Peter. “After the way management let him treat us?" asked Mike, ‘You must be joking!” now or esudins ¥ LL2 2 < 3 = = 2 2 z ° s bottom, hit rock bottom (idion/cliche) to reach the lowest level possible. The expression con also be used of a person to indicate that they are in an extremely bad situation. broom, a new broom (cliché) used fo describe someone who has just token over a job ‘nd whois likely 1o make a lot of changes. The expression is A reference to the expression a new broom sweeps clean which means that someone who has just token up a postion is very likely to make © ot of changes. | door, a revolving door (argon) «situation oF organization in which people donot stay very long; often used in business contexis, going, while the going is good fidion/tiche) wile conaitions are favourable. in horse racing the word ‘going’ refers tothe state of the ground which affects hhow quickly horses will be able fotun, image (jargon) how someone or something ‘oppears to others, very much ‘overused in a variety of conexls, especially buses ‘nd show business ones joke, you must be joking (cliché) used fo emphasize how unlikely of ridiculous the speaker considers something that has just been said is, although the person who has said it may well be quite serious, An alternative form of this ciché is you're joking, of course! ‘nutshell, to put it in a ‘nutshell (idiom/cliché) in-a few exact words. picture, look at the big picture (idionveliche) fo take into consideration the whole of « situation and not just some of the details, place, going places (cliché) tobe likely to achieve great success: used in informal contexts, profi {clicke) if someone or something has a high profie people notice them {a great deal. The cliché keep a high profile means fo iry fo «get os much public attention os possible, The opposite is Keep a low profile, which means fo try fo get ositle public altenion as possible. The word ‘profile’ means, literally, the cutine of someone's face as seen from the side stand, know where someone stands (idionsctcké) to understand exacty the nature of your situation or crcumstances a high profile time, no time at all (cliché) ‘an extremely short amount of time Meee 1. What did Jack find strange about Mike's change of jobs?2. What was the reason for the company to appoint a new marketing director? 3. What condition in the company caused Mike to resign? 4, What attracted Mike to join the new company? CEE 1. Write a sentence explaining the office environment before and after the new ‘marketing director joined the company. Before: After: 2. ‘From the passage, infer, with supporting evidence, three characteristics of: (a) MikeREAD AND UNDERSTAND 72 (b) the new marketing director The passage gives us Mike’s viewpoint about the new marketing director. Do you believe Mike’s view, or are you uncertain what to believe? Give reasons for your answer. . Why would Mike not return to the company even if the new marketing director left? . Rewrite each of the following sentences using an idiom from the box to replace the words in bold print, to put it in a nutshell knew where we stood look at the big picture c high profile had hit rock bottom. the new broom (a) The new head of department has a reputation for being dynamic and will surely make changes.(b) At the closing-down sale, prices were at the lowest level possible. (©) Uncomfortable with being noticed, the new tennis champion avoided going to public places. (4) It would take me a while to explain but, very briefly, he had found a more challenging job. (©) A leader should be able to take an overview, as well as attend to details. (f) Mdm Halimah was a firm and fair teacher and with her, we always knew our . Imagine that Mike is sending an email to his friend, Paul, to explain his job move. In 100 words, summarize the essential information in the email from Mike to Paul. now gor esudins VLE 732 Z = 3 2 a o 2 = 2 $ 74 You would have noticed that the information in this unit was presented as a conversation between Mike, Jack and Peter. You would have realized that dialogues are a powerful means to tell us about people. Write a conversation on ‘one of the following situations, using idioms and expressions that you hove learnt so far. Try as much as you can to bring out the characters in the dialogue. (a) _A dialogue between two friends. One of them is thinking of taking a holiday .job while the other advises him/her to concentrate on catching up on his/her school work instead (b) A dialogue between two friends. One of them would like to change his/her co-curricular activity (CCA, while the other points out to him/her the advantage of continuing in it,11 A Surprise Job Move 75READ AND UNDERSTAND Launch of a Lunch Club 1 2 A speech launching a lunch club for senior citizens. Pre-Reading Questions 1. What do you think is the purpose of a lunch club? 2. Who do you think would join a lunch club? 3. When a lunch club is launched, what would you expect the programme to be? (RUE Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. Ladies and gentlemen, it is my great pleasure to preside over the proceedings at the first meeting of the Woodville Lunch Club for Senior Citizens. We all hope that this will be a great success and that there will be many more to come. I am extremely pleased that so ‘many of you are able to be here today and I extend a warm welcome to you all. I would like to say a particularly warm welcome to Mrs Joan Miller, who is ninety-four years young today. I'm sure that you will all join me in wishing Joan a very happy birthday. The aim of the club is, of course, not only to provide food, although it is extremely important that people of all ages eat nourishing food, and I can tell you now that it is absolutely delicious! I have already sampled it. However, the club exists to provide companionship as well as food and I’m sure that many of you would like to stay on after the lunch things have been cleared away so that you can have a chat. You may well find a kindred spirit among the other club members. Companionship is important when you're getting on a bit and feeling a bit lonely and it’s not always easy to find. I'm no spring chicken myself and I know that I don’t make friends as easily as Iwhen I was younger. There just aren’t the same opportunities available when you are not as young as you were and so you should all make the most of this one. Of course, many of you have the companionship of family, and families are all very well, but if yours are anything like mine they’Il always be in a hurry. They rush here and there, doing this and that at a rate of knots and making us old ones feel that we are in the way. Most of them don’t mean to make us feel like that, of course, and they'd be horrified if they thought we did, but it’s all too easy for us to feel that we're beyond our shelf life in the midst of all this frenzied activity. Somehow life didn’t seem quite so hectic when was young. Today, we're not in a hurry. We're providing an oasis of calm so that you can get to know each other, although I’m sure that by the time you all get chatting it won't be an oasis of calm any more. It'll probably be more like the tower of Babel! Indeed, I hope that will be the case because that will show that you're all enjoying yourselves and that is one of the main points of this club. Have fun! chicken, no spring chicken knot, at a rate of knots most, make the most of (idionvelché) (idiomdctiché) ‘something (cliché) someone who isno longer extremely quickly. Aknot isto take full advantage of ‘young; used in informal the unit for measuring the something, contex's. often ina humorous speed of boats, ships and or derogatory way, usually _aitcrat. The speed of boats being applied to women and ships was once get, getting on a bit (cliché) getting old; used in informal contexts. The comment at years young below also casis, an oasis of calm (cliché) «@ peaceful or pleasant place Cr period of time in the middle “of something noisy or busy. “An oass, teal, is on area inthe desert where there is water and where plants can measured by counting how many knots ied at regular intervals along a piece of rope, ran oul ina particular length of te. ‘applies to this cliché. grow. nig youn] © yo younoy ZLREAD AND UNDERSTAND 78 shelf, beyond (or past) otitude to if, personality or ‘your (or its) shelf life temperament (idiomcliché) beyond the stage at which someone or something is, Useful used in informal, sometimes hurnorous, contexts Literaly, the expression means that an item of food, drink or medicine has been kept beyond the time by which it should be used. The cliché ‘on the shelf is used with reference to someone, poricuarly a woman, who hos ‘ot married and seems unlikely ‘now to do so. The origin of this expression refers to goods Imnguages. whch caused greot \ihich are left on the shelf because no one wants to buy way, in the way (cliché) them. The ciché past your 10 stop someone from lor its] sellby date hos a getting on with what they want tower, like the tower of Babel (cliché) ‘extremely noisy and confused, with everyone taking at once. In origin, this clic is a biblical reference. According to the Book of Genesis, the people ‘of the earth al originally spoke one language, but God worried that they were becoming too ambitious when they began to build the city of Babel with its tower, ond made them all speak different similar meaning {0 do; 1 be an obstocle or spirit, a kindred spirit ee (cliché) well all very well (clché) €@ person whois very lke “apparently satisfactory, but not someone else ninieresis, completely so n foc. young, not to be as young ‘as you were (cliché) tobe getting old and not as strong ond healtty as you once ‘were. A cliché with a similar meoning is not to be getting any younger. The comment at years young below applies ‘also to both of these clichés young, years young (cliché) the expression used in the passage, where the word ‘old’ would normally be used instead of ‘young. is often sed in informal contexts 0s a supposed compliment to the ‘old, but it can often seem, patronizing is common to use euphemisms which avoid using the word old’ because people are often afraid of getting old, and possibiy infirm, ‘and do not want to admit that they are getting old. See not to be as young as you were ‘above Meee 1. Inthe context of the passage, say whether the following sentences are true or fal (a) The Woodville Lunch Club for Senior Citizens was meeting for the first time. (b) The club aimed to provide food and companionship for senior citizens. ” True / False True / False(c) Senior citizens find it easy to make new : True / False friends. 4) Senior citi rally have fe (d) Senior citizens generally have fewer aaiarae opportunities to socialize. (e) Family members often neglect the elderly in True / the family. eras {f) Family members deliberately make the elder! (f) Family members deliberately make the elderly neala stad feel they are beyond their shelf life. (@) Those present were invited to spend a aad leisurely afternoon at the club. ae (h) A great deal of chatter would that (h) A great deal of chatter would prove tha ee members were enjoying themselves. WEEN MCE) 1. What position do you think the speaker would hold in the club? Why do you think so? 2. Why do you think the speaker gave a special welcome to Mrs Joan Miller? 3. Pick out the phrases and expressions that make the speech sound informal. nig youm o yo yaunoy zka 4. Identify which of the following sentences expresses a fact and which an opinion by putting a tick in the correct box. A fact is a piece of information that can be proved to be either true or false because there is evidence to support it. An opinion cannot be proved to be true or false as it states what a person thinks. Fact Opinion (a) However, the club exists to provide companionship as well as food. (b) [have already sampled it. (©) Companionship is important when you're getting on a bit and feeling a bit lonely. (a) Somehow life didn’t seem quite so hectic when I ‘was young. (©) Of course, many of you have the companionship of family. (f) We're providing an oasis of calm so that you can get to know each other. 5. Match each of the sentences in column A with a follow-up comment in column B. Write the letter of the correct follow-up comment in the box that corresponds to the sentence.6. You are the secretary of the Lunch Club and you want to summarize the speech for the club's news bulletin. Write a summary of the main points in 100 words. gnio yum 0 4o yaunoy ZL You are the President of a new club in your school. It could be an Environmental ub, a Stamp Collectors Club, an Astronomy Club or another club of your choice. Write a welcome address of 150 words. The address should have the following main parts, * Opening words to welcome members * Aims of the club * Reasons for having the club * Closing words — hope for its success 81The Youngs View of the Old A conversation giving contrasting views on the elderly. (eee Keen 1. What is your view of the old? 2. How similar is your view to that of others your age? 3. Do you agree with the following statements? Why or why not? ‘* Older people do not enjoy the same activities as the young. ‘+ The young do not expect the old to be independent. Reading Passage Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. “What are you laughing at?” Jane asked Meg as they met while walking their dogs in the park. “L was just telling my grandson that I was thinking of taking up salsa dancing and he was horrified, He said I was much too old to do anything so energetic and that I might fall and hurt myself,’ replied Meg. ‘He obviously thinks that I'm over the hill.” “My granddaughter’s the same,’ said Jane. “She’s always giving me little hints about what I should and shouldn’t do. They hate us doing anything that'll draw attention to ourselves and embarrass them. 1 was having fun dancing at a party at their house last week and she looked at me as though she would like to tell me to act my age. [told her that you are only as old as you feel and she wasn’t abit pleased. Mind you, she treats her mother, my daughter, in the same way and Sheila’s only 45!" PIO @yj Jo ma1n s,Buno, a4. ELREAD AND UNDERSTAND “Yes, they clearly think that anybody over 25 shouldn’t have any fun at all,” replied Meg, ‘and they obviously regard us as absolutely ancient. They probably think that we grandmothers should spend all our time sitting in rocking chairs by the fireside knitting.” “That'll be the day!” said Jane, ‘Apart from anything else I can’t knit for toffee. Tell me more about the salsa dancing. That sounds much more my cup of tea. I should take more exercise, anyway.” ‘Oh, I wasn’t really serious about that,’ said Meg. ‘I've a much younger friend who goes every week to a salsa class, but I'm not really tempted by the idea. I much prefer yoga. I was really only winding my grandson up when [ mentioned salsa. I knew exactly how he would react—and he reacted true to form. He's so predictable!” “You'd think that they'd be glad that we're leading independent lives and not hanging around them all the time, asking them to do things for us and generally getting in their hair,’ said Jane. “Yet they seem much more concerned with what we're doing than we are with what they’re doing. I don’t remember worrying about what my grandmother was doing when I was that age. Do you?” ‘No, but that’s probably because she was sitting by the fireside knitting all the time or doing all the housework,’ laughed Meg. “Times have changed and now golden oldies like us can do anything we like as long as we are in good health and can afford it. The world is our oyster! But don’t tell my grandson I said so! He'll buy me a rocking chair!”cabulary Stud) age, act your age (cliché) to behave in a way that is traditionally considered suitable and acceptable for ‘someone of your age, often used of someone who is not doing s0, The dich also means to behave in a chidish manner, often used in the imperative day, that'll be the day (cliché) Used fo emphasize the Unlkelinood of something | happening: used in informal | contexts. form, true to form (cliché) in the way that you would expect someone to behave from your past experience of them: often used of behaviour that is unacceptable in some way, hair, get in someone's hair (idiontiche) to annoy someone, especially by being a nuisance and stopping them from geting on with what they should be doing; used in informal contexts, hill, over the hill (idiomictiché) getting old and so past the age ‘at which you are at your most productive, effective or energetic stage; used in informal contexts, The idea behind the cliché is that someone has reached the top of ahill representing the peak ‘of their life, and is now going down the other side mind you (cliché) used as if fo remind someone of something, but often Used elther as emphasis for the statement which is coming next or almost meoninglessly by someone to whom the cliché has. become a habit 01d, golden oldie (clic) ‘person who is no longer young, but may stil be quite successful or energetic, used in informal, often humorous, contexts, The expression was originally applied to a song ‘or fim which is quite old but is stl popular. old, you are only as old as you feel (cliché) « saying which emphasizes that what age you are is not important and that what is important is your attitude to life and how you fee! oyster, the world’s your oyster (idion/cliché) used to emphasize how wide the range of opportunities ‘avaiable to someone is, although they may not ‘appreciate this, Ths cliché refers toa passage in Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor—Why, then, the world's mine oyster, which I with sword will open The idea behind the cliché is that successful opportunities an be extracted from life os ‘ pearl con be extracted from (an oyster, tea, (not) my cup of tea (idiondetické) something thal someone is kel to enjoy or be inleested in used in informal contex's toffee, for toffee (clicie) used to emphasize how bad or unskiful someone is at something; used in very informal contex's wind someone up (cliché) deliberately to tease or annoy someone; used in informal contents PIO ys Jo MaIA S,6uNo, O41 EL2 2 ie g 3 A 5 9 Z = 2 s 2 86 1. ‘Salsa’ is a Spanish word, which literally means ‘sauce’, The salsa dance is ‘saucy’ and provocative, and is usually danced, with a partner, to music of a medium to fast tempo. Describe the reaction of Meg’s grandson when she told him that she was, thinking of taking up salsa dancing. 2. What did Jane’s granddaughter think of Jane dancing at a party? 3. What told you that Meg was not serious about taking up salsa dancing? 4. Describe Meg's view about what golden oldies can do. Cn 1. Pick out an example of humour in the conversation between Meg and Jane.2. Identify three exaggerated statements in Meg's and Jane's conversation. 3. Do you think Meg and Jane are typical of grandmothers in their 50s and 60s? Give reasons for your answer. 4, Match each of the situations in column A with the appropriate feeling in column B by joining the dots.5. Summarize in 70 words the young’s view of the old as presented in the passage Select your points from paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 7 READ AND UNDERSTAND Your pen-pal from another country recently wrote a letter to you, describing a holiday with his grandparents who were both in their sixties. He was surprised that he enjoyed the holiday with them as he had not expected to. He asked you what your relationship was like with your grandparents and how your community | and society viewed the elderly. In 200 words, write a reply to him and use the notes below to help you: ‘* What is your relationship with your grandparents? ‘* How do your peers regard the elderly and why? What is the media's attitude towards the elderly? ‘In your society, who has responsibility to care for the elderly parents? * Do the elderly contribute to your community and if so, how? * In conclusion, what are your own attitudes to the elderly?READ AND UNDERSTAND No Food in the Flat 1 p A conversation on responsibility and doing one’ share. [ ee Ree 1. Ask one question that you want answered after reading the passage. 2. Suggest why there would be no food in the flat. 3. Complete this statement: “When I found that there was no food in the flat, Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold In the Vocabulary Study section that follows. “There’s absolutely nothing to eat in this flat!” said Tony, looking in the fridge. ‘The weekly shopping should have been done last night. Whose turn was it?” “Do you really have to ask?” said Ronnie wearily, not bothering to look at the roster which was pinned to the kitchen wall. ‘It was Jeff's, of course, but he forgot as usual. He really doesn’t pull his weight around here. I’m sure that you're all as tired as 1 am of dancing attendance on him. He never does a hand’s turn! Someone should tell him that he'll have to go if he doesn’t start doing his share. That might jolt him into doing some of the work.’ ‘Rather you than me!” said Andy. ‘He'll go ballistic if you even suggest that he should go. Besides, you're forgetting one important thing, It was Jeff’s flat originally and his name's on the lease. We all moved in after him, if you remember. If we start making waves he might well tell us to go. Perhaps we'll just have to put up with it.Anyway, we could have worse flat mates than Jeff. He may have an appalling attitude to housework and shopping, but he’s very easy to get along with and he can be a lot of fun.’ Tony said, “The trouble with Jeff is that he was brought up with four older sisters who waited on him hand and foot and he was the apple of his mother’s eye because she had waited so long to have a son, He's used to having everything done for him. It’s not really his fault although T must admit that it's annoying.” ‘Nice work if you can ge * said Ronnie, “but he’s not at home now. Jeff seems to live on another planet most of the time. When he does remember to buy food, he buys incredibly expensive gourmet items and spends the entire week's food money in one fell swoop. He never buys things like common or garden cheese or tins of baked beans.” “That's true,’ said Andy. ‘Perhaps it’s just as well that he hardly ever does the shopping! Otherwise, we'd all starve. In fact, I'm starving right now. All this talk of food has whetted my appetite. There's no point in standing around here complaining about Jeff and his faults. You know as well as I do that the leopard doesn’t change its spots. I'd rather spend the time doing the shopping myself. Then we can eat, “Well said!” agreed Tony. ‘I'll come with you if you like and we can stop off at the pub on the way back.’ “Don’t you dare!” exclaimed Ronnie. ‘I need some food as soon as possible.” 40] 4) UI POOS ON PL2 z B & 3 2 5 a a = 2 s 92 (ee apple, the apple of the cit. Another cliché with a someone's eye idiom/cliché) similar meaning, also used someone who is exceptionally in very informal contexts, is well loved a favourite person. go bananas, ‘The pupil of the eye was once referred to as an apple because it was though! to be solid and oppie-shaped. The ‘expression suggests that someone regards someone else as being as important 1o them as the pupil of their eye. ‘Another diché which has a similar meaning is blue-eyed bboy, aman or boy who sso hand, not to do a hand's much loved that the person turn (cliché) who loves him cannot see his not fo do any work. A cliché faults and thinks that he can do with a similar meaning is not ‘garden, common or garden (clické) ordinary, not unusual In origin, the cliché refers 10 plants which either grow wild or ore commonly found in ordinary gardens, os ‘opposed fo something more exotic. ‘no wrong; usually used in a to lift a finger. derogatory way. hand, wait on someone hand and foot (idionv/liche) attendance, dance to do everything for someone attendance on someone and get ther everythng they (idiondelické) need while they do nothing, to be ready to attend to all | the wishes of a person and -_‘@oPard, the leopard get them anything which they __-49eSn’t change its spots pad. (cliché) «saying used to emphasize ‘that people tend not to change | ballistic, go bal eae their attitude or behaviour. (cliché) suddenly 0 become very angry swoop, in (or at) one fell ‘nd often lose control of ‘Swoop (cliché) yourself used in very informal at the same time, inthe contents, Baltics is the course of one action. The scientific study of objects that cliché isa reference to.a ‘re shot or thrown through quotation from Shakespeare's play Macbeth—Oh hel-kte! Alf What, ll my pretty chickens and their dam in one fell swoop? The kieis 0 bird of prey which swoops down oni prey ond al is an old word meaning cruel or sovage wave, make waves (cliché) to cause trouble; used in informal contexts. In origin, the cliché refers to a ship causing ‘waves instil water by passing ‘through it weight, pull your weight (idiomseticné) {0 do your fair share of the work; oF take your fair share of a responsibly work, nice work if you can get it (cliche) Used fo comment on how desirable or comfortable someone's situation is; used in informal contexts, ‘you, rather you than me (cliché) sed fo emphasize that wha is being referred to is something thatthe speaker would certainly not want to do because its unpleasant, dificult or dangerous; used in informal contexts(REUTER ES 1. Explain why there was no food in the flat. 2. Why was it that the others should not tell Jeff off? x z 3 s 2 5 » z = 3. What was Tony’s explanation for Jeff’s attitude to housework and shopping? 4. What kinds of food did Jeff usually buy? 5. What was Andy's solution to their problem? {Understanding information fer the relationship among Tony, Ronnie, Andy and Jeff.2. Use the organizer below to write a few sentences to describe the characteristics of each of the people you have just read about. People Characteristics Andy Jeff 2 Z e 3 = S 2 2 = 2 s Ronnie Tony 3. Rewrite each of the following sentences, replacing the idiom with your own words, without changing the meaning. (a) He really doesn’t pull his weight around here. (b) I'm sure that you're all as tired as I am of dancing attendance on him. (©) He'll go ballistic if you even suggest that he should go. (@) He was the apple of his mother’s eye. 2 z(e) You know as well as Ido that the leopard doesn’t change its spots. |. After dinner that evening, Ronnie emailed to his sister and included one short paragraph about Jeff's forgetfulness, why Jeff was the way he was, and why they could not tell Jeff to go. Write out the paragraph in 90 words. You return home from school after a long day of lessons and co-curricular ‘octvities to find the sink full of dishes because your younger sibling has not done his/her duty of washing up. This is not the first time that the tasks have not, been done. There are other times when the household chores are done, but unsatisfactorily. You feel strongly that he/she should contribute, Write a note of 200 words to convince him/her of this. You may use some or all of the notes below, adding your own ideas, if you wish, to make your note convincing * Benefits of doing household tasks: develops responsibilty ~ self-esteem — self-confidence — teaches life-skills - time management + How to go about it: decide who should do what jobs - agree on acceptable standards and work quality ~ set deadiines for work to be done ~ rewards for .job well done - consequences of not finishing tasks. 40|J 84s UI POOs ON HLGNVIS¥3ONN NW ayaa 96Brainstorming Session 1 An introduction by a marketing director. Pre-Reading Questions 1, What do you think is a brainstorming session? 2. How helpful is it to have several people give ideas and suggestions to solve a problem? 3. Why would a brainstorming session be held? Reading Passage Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. You are all well aware that this is not the time of year for our sales conference. I have called you together for an extra meeting and one which has a very specific purpose—the exchange of ideas. Of course, we always aim (o cover this at the annual conference, but there are so many things to be dealt with there that there is never enough time to allow for an adequate ideas session, Many of you must leave the conference hall thinking that you did not have an opportunity to get a word in edgeways and that is a great pity. T hope to remedy this today because this meeting consists of a series of brainstorming sessions. We hope that you will all make a contribution, The sales force is no place for shrinking violets and so let's hear from you. I am sure that you all usually have plenty to say at the conference coffee breaks or in the pub afterwards and so now is your chance to communicate your thoughts to a wide audience. uoissas Bulwiojsuioia SL SREAD AND UNDERSTAND 98 It is all too easy in a large organization for management not to involve the rank and le to a great enough degree. Undoubtedly, the management team will have regular councils of war among themselves at which they will consider a whole raft of measures and proposals for making the company more aggressive and more profitable. Itis likely, too, that the management team may have focus groups among their customers who will advise them on what the customer is looking for in a particular product. Such groups have been found to be invaluable to us in our efforts to understand the mindset of potential customers. However, the people who do the actual selling of the product, and, indeed, the people who make the products, are often left out in the cold. They rarely get a chance to put in their penn’orth and is unfair, As the marketing director I am not in a position to do anything about the producers of our product, but 1 am providing those who sell our products heard. an opportunity to have their views T want you all to speak straight from the shoulder. There is no point in organizing these sessions if everyone is going to pussyfoot around, afraid to say what they really think in front of management. ‘We want to hear what you have to say, whether this takes the form of a complaint about the way things are run, a suggestion about improving efficiency, a proposal for increasing sales, a plan for a new product or whatever. Right, everyone. Get talking!(Teaser brainstorming session argon) ‘ameeting of « group of people with the intention of generating new and creative ideas or improving problem- solving; often overused, particularly in business and ‘marketing contexts. In ‘American English a "brainstorm ‘means the some as British English ‘brainwave’, a sudden ‘good idea. In British English ‘brainstorm’ refers to something that has suddenly ‘gone wrong with someone's rind, which makes them ‘unable to think clearly and which may affect their behaviour. cold, out in the cold (idiondcliché) not included or involved in something, offen deliberately so. focus group (jargon) ‘a small group of people representative of a wide range of people who are asked to sive their opinions on a Particular subjec; originally used with reference fo pocal ‘or governmental issues or ‘market research, but now widely overused, offen being used of a group which snot realy representative mindset (jargon) ‘way of thinking, ora set of beliefs or attitudes which offects the way in which someone usually thinks or ‘cts; very much overused ‘ond now increasingly used loosely instead of the word ‘ina’ penn’orth, put in your penn’orth (idion/liché) to give your opinion about something. The word “penniorthis short for ‘pennyworth’ and sometimes this word appears in the Cliché instead of ‘penrvorth. pussyfoot around (cliché) to be very careful about what you say or do and avoid speoking franky in case you Upset someone; used in informal contexts. n orig the expression refers to the careful, steathy way in which «cat moves. raft (jargon) {a series or set of things, such € plans or proposals; a large number or amount overused in several contexts, ineuding ‘administration, polities and business. A raft is a kind of simple boat made by ying pieces of wood together ond the original idea of ‘afin the Jargon sense was that it was Used as a collective noun for a ‘rurnber of things that formed a sel, Increasingly, is becoming Used just to indicate o large ‘number of things, whether they form an actual set of not rank and file (cliché) the ordinary people or less ‘important people in on ‘organization, The expression otignaly referred to ordinary soldiers. The ranks and fies were the horizontal and vertical lines in which battalions of soldiers were once drawn up inthe battlefield and on parade. ‘shoulder, straight from the shoulder (idion/cliché) with complete frankness ‘and direciness. The origin of the expression lies in boxing ‘and refers to a blow which has all the boxers force behind it violet, shrinking violet {idiomictché) ‘someone who is very shy and timid, war, council of war (cliché) ‘a meetng called to put together a plan of action, usually in on emergency, Literally, the phrase refers to meeting of milly officers oF poiticans to discuss a plon of ‘action in time of war. word, not to get a word in ‘edgeways (idiom/cliché) not to gel a chance to say ‘anything because other people ‘are talking too much, uo|sseg BuIO|sUIDIg §t 99READ AND UNDERSTAND 3 8 (rT 1. What was the purpose of the meeting called by the marketing director? 2. What would the meeting consist of? 3. What were the regular methods by which the organization received ideas? 4, What was the value of focus groups? 5. Which groups of people usually did not get a chance to air their views? een Maceo 1. In his address, the marketing director wanted to convince the sales staff that he wished to give them a chance to express their views. Analyse his approach, using the guiding questions below. (@)_ Which three sentences show that he told the staff they should speak openly?(b) How did he explain the ways other groups had opportunities to be heard? (©) What were the suggestions made about the things that staff could bring up? ._ In paragraph 5, why did the marketing director say that he was not in a position to do anything about the producers of their product? . Rewrite each of the following sentences, using the expression given in brackets, so that your sentence has an opposite meaning of the given sentence. The first one is done for you as an example. (a) Juliet is an assertive young lady and cannot be pushed around. (shrinking violet) () The conference gave all the staff a chance to air their views at length. (to get a word in edgeways) (c) The review committee’s report was disappointing as it gave just a few recommendations. (raft) a 2 3 2 g Zz = é s 101(@)_ The senior management occupies the penthouse in the building. (rank and file) (©) I'm not sure whether to believe Tom as he has a habit of hiding the truth. (straight from the shoulder) READ AND UNDERSTAND 4, Summarize in 100 words the main points in the marketing director's address. Include: *+ the purpose for the meeting * the explanation that other groups had opportunities to be heard + the suggestions of what the staff could bring up 102Hold a brainstorming session to generate as many ideas as possible on a topic that is of interest to the group. You are free to choose your own topic. HOW TO BRAINSTORM Procedure 1. Gather a group of four to six people. Have one person to coordinate the Proceedings, to introduce the purpose of the brainstorming session and to outline the rules. This person should also ensure the rules are followed and should actively encourage the participants. This person is the facilitator (‘to facilitate’ means to make easier). Ideally you will then have a brief warm-up on a totally unrelated and fun topic. ‘This will get your creative juices going and help establish a less restrictive mood. You should only start the main topic when the right mood is established. With the purpose and topic established, everyone in the group shouts out their ideas and they are all written down so that they can be analysed later. The most ‘common method of recording the ideas is on flipcharts (large pads of paper) but it's fine to use a blackboard, overhead projector transparencies, a computer or individual pads of paper. A secretary can be useful. You should all follow the standard brainstorming rules: * Postpone and withhold your judgment of ideas. + Encourage wild and exaggerated ideas. * Quantity counts at this stage, not quality. *+ Build on the ideas put forward by others. + Every person and every idea has equal worth. At the end of the specified time period, end the brainstorming session. Go back and pick on suggestions the group finds interesting. Now is the time for the froup to ask questions (for example: ‘What did you mean by.......?”), and to give explanations and comments. uo|ssas Bulwuoisuioia St 8A Summons from the 16 Managing Director A conversation on the reasons for the summons. Pre-Reading Questions 1. Ask one question that you want answered after reading the passage. 2. Suggest some reasons why a managing director would want to see an employee. 3. What do you expect that employee to feel when sent for by the managing director? READ AND UNDERSTAND ding Passage Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. “The managing director would like to see you in his office,” said Brian to Lucy and Johnny. ‘He didn’t say what it was about, but you'd better go right away. You know he has a short fuse if people keep him waiting,” ‘Are you sure you don’t know what he wants?” asked Lucy suspiciously. Lucy didn't like Brian very much, especially since he teased her a lot. “Scout’s honour!” replied Brian, ‘but perhaps someone’s told him that you two are an item and he wants to complain, One of you might have to leave and get another job.” “Don’t be ridiculous!” snapped Lucy. ‘We're both in the advertising department and he probably wants to talk about this season's brochures. In any case, there’s no rule that says that members of staff can’t go out with each other. Why should he care?" is“I was only joking,” replied Brian. ‘Don’t get your knickers in a twist and you should be making tracks. Don’t just stand there. Mr Giles might think that I forgot to tell you.” “You shouldn’t let Brian rattle your cage,’ said Johnny to Lucy. ‘He just teases you because you rise to the bait. If you ignore him he'll stop doing it. Now, let's go and see what old Giles wants before he comes looking for us.” Lucy and Johnny were with Mr Giles for a long time and their colleagues were beginning to wonder why. Usually visits to the managing director were extremely brief. ‘They've been gone a long time,’ said Mary. ‘You don’t think old Giles is on the warpath because they're going out with each other.” ‘No, I don’t,’ said Anna. ‘In alll conscience, there’s no reason why two members of staff shouldn’t have a relationship, as long as it doesn’t interfere with their work. Mr Giles has no grounds for complaint.” Just then Johnny and Lucy appeared, looking far from happy. Their colleagues were anxious to know what had happened, ‘Did you get it in the neck from old Giles?” asked Brian. "No, we didn’t,’ said Lucy to Brian, ‘He’s very pleased with our work. In fact, he complimented us both on our report writing. ‘Unfortunately, that means that he’s chosen us to help him compile the new company mission statement for next month’s shareholders’ meeting. Worse, he wants it by this evening and I have a lot on my plate already. I don’t suppose anyone feels like helping.” ‘Absolutely not!” said everyone. Brian went off laughing, much to the annoyance of Lucy. 10128110 BulGouW ey) Wosy suoWWNS ¥ 91 105‘ocabulary Studh bait, rise to the bait (iiomselché) {o react 10 someone's remarks in exactly the way which they Intend you. In origin, the expression refers to a fish {ising to catch the bait on an angler ne 9 8 « 8 8 8 5 3 3 z 6 = cage, rattle your cage (idiomietiche) {0 annoy or upset someone; Used in informal contexts, In origh, the expression refers to Visitors fo 0 200 rating the & cages of the animals to get them to reac conscience, in all conscience (cliché) Used fo indicate that something is fair ond reasonable; often used more or less meaninglessly a by people to whom it has : become « habit. fuse, have (or on) a short fuse (idiomi/cliché) : Used to indicate that someone becomes angry very easily; Used in informal contexts, The word use’ here refers to 0 piece of sting or paper which is lit to make a firework or bomb explode. The firework or bomb would explode more quick ifthe sting or paper were very short honour, scout’s honour! (cliche) Used fo emphasize that you are teling the truth; often used in hurmorous contexts ‘The Scouls is an international organization originally for boys, which encourages young people to learn practical skis nd foke part in a wide range of activities item, an item (cliché) Said of two people who are having a romantic or sexual relationship; used in informal contexts knickers, get your knickers in a twist (colloguiatism) to become agitated or upset, ‘offen about something that is ‘not really important; used in very informal contexts mission statement (argon) ‘on official statement of the ‘ims of a company or ‘organization; much overused because itis thought to sound impressive rock, get it (idionvelché) to be punished or teprimanded; used in very informal contexts. the neck plate, have a lot on your plate (idion/cliche) to have a great deal to do ot attend to; used in firly informal contex's. The ‘expression can have several forms, such as have too much on your plate or have enough on your plate. track, make tracks (idiomdcliché) 10 go away; to leave somewhere: used in informal contexts, warpath, on the warpath lidiomdelché) ina very angry mood. The expression is associated with North American indians when they were ready for wor.Cari 1. What was the summons from the managing director? 2. Give an example that showed Brian was a tease. 3. What was Lucy’s guess as to the reason for the summons? 4, What was the reason for the summons to Mr Giles’ office? [Een Ia WE 1. How do you think Lucy and Johnny felt (a) just before they went to Mr Giles’ office? (b) after they left his office? 40)28119 GulGouow ay wos suowwns ¥ OL ie2. Think of five adjectives (e.g. ‘friendly') to describe the office environment. @ ———____LL__ © ——______ @ (e) 3. Match each of the situations in column A with the correct reaction in column B by joining the dots. 4, Summarize in 80 words the gist of the whole passage.What you have just read is on office conversation. Most of the expressions used in this conversation are informal, meaning that they are used in a light-hearted setting without rules and regulations. Below are some features of an informal dialogue: * Interaction between two or more people * Repetition (of one’s own and friend's words) * Simple vocabulary Write an informal conversation, taking one of the following situations or make up a situation of your own: (a) Two friends are talking about an exciting sports event that one of them has watched. {b) Two or three friends are chatting about whether or not to hold a surprise birthday party for a classmate. 40}22119 BulBouDw ayy Wo. suowwNs y 9L 109QNVISY3GNN ONY aVvaa 10New Competition 1 7 A managing director tells his workforce of a threat to their business. [cee Releeen 1. Is competition good or bad? 2. Do you like competition in your studies and in sports? Why or why not? 3. What would life be like without competition? Reading Passage Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. As you are probably aware, one of our major American competitors, Steiner & Warbuck, is planning to open a branch of their company in our area. Obviously, we do not yet know how this will impact on our business, but we must try to ensure that it will have as litle effect as possible, The bottom line is that we are the market leaders in this area and we must strive to maintain that position, T am not even going to pretend that this will be easy. Steiner & Warbuck is a much larger company than ours, with considerably more financial resources. We will certainly not, from that point of view, be competing on a level playing field. However, we do have some advantages. We have been established for some time in the market, have a good reputation and have a good many extremely loyal customers. In recent years, we have regularly improved on our sales figures and have increased the profitability of the company substantially. owiedwioy MON ZLREAD AND UNDERSTAND 2 Also, we have the advantage of time. The news of Steiner & Warbuck’s plans has just been announced and they will not get access to the property which they have purchased for three months, Since the building is in need of extensive renovation and refurbishment, it will be some considerable time before they move in and get the branch up and running. ‘Then there will be the problem of staff. I gather from a reliable source that they plan to send a senior management team over from the States until the business here is on stream. However, they will have to establish an infrastructure from local resources and that could prove quite difficult. We all know that there is a lack of trained administrative staff available locally. Alll this, then, is to our advantage, but we must certainly not rest on our laurels. We must react positively to the arrival of our competitors. With this in mind, we are organizing an aggressive marketing campaign starting next month. Alll our effort must go into this and so please put this first when you are prioritizing your workload. You will all be given weekly targets, and although they may seem very high, and even unattainable, they reflect the kind of effort that has to bbe made if the firm is to survive the arrival of this competition. ‘As yet, [have no other information about our competitor's plans, but when I do, you may be sure that I will keep you up to speed. We ‘must not be caught napping. There is work to be done and I must not keep you from it any longer.(rE Bar field, a level playing field warn someone thot if they (idiomdctiche) ‘want to continue their success situation in whichno one and maintain ther present involved has ony special position, they had better make ‘edvantages and so itis fait more effort, often becouse cl, The expression refers toa they are facing new field where some form of sport competition. n oighn, both is played ‘expressions refer fo the ancient Greek practice of crowning the Hpac? on someting winner of a competition with (jargon) to have on effect on; overused, ®2¥€8 o louel especialy in political and line, the bottom line business contexts, because itis (idiomv/liché) thought to sound impressive. the most important point. This, The word impact’ is one of ch comes from accountancy several words that were ‘here it refers to the bottom formerly mostly used as nouns _ Ine of a financial statement but have now also acqured.a which indicates the extent of, verbal use. the profit or loss. infrastructure (jargon) napping, caught napping the people and systems which (idiom/eliché) ‘re necessary for something to iN situation in which you are ‘operate; much overused, unprepared for something that especialy in.a business or ‘happens and so not be ready commercial context. The word 10 deal with it; used in foitly was originally used to refer to formal contexts. To nap’ the system of public services Means to sleep lightly, often ‘ond facies, including roads, uring the day. Power supplies, water Supplies, on stream (idiom/cliché) communication services, which jn or into production, use or Cre required for commercial or operation. The cliché has its military activity to operate. grigi nthe ol industry from oil laurel, rest on your laurels Comnd on siream. See up and (idiondcliché) running below. to rely on your reputation prioritize (jargon) based on past successes to arrange things which you without making any effort io ave to doin order of cochieve further success. The importance or urgency; much expression look to your overused especially in business laurels is used fo advise or or polical contexts source, a reliable source (cliche) 4 person who has provided information which is believed Yo be reliable and true but \who will not be named for some reason; often used in Joumalese and sometimes used in humorous contexts, ‘speed, up to speed (jargon) fully informed about the progress of something; having all the most recent information about something: used in fairly informal contexts. Literal, this expression meons having reached the maximum or desirable speed or rate of progress and it's also used to refer to something that has reached ils highest level of efficiency or success, target (jargon) {@ result oF goal which you are trying fo achieve, As more ond more emphasis is placed on the importance of producing visible proof of how well people are doing so the word Yarget has increased in use and become overused. The ‘word ‘arget’ was originally used of the object which is aimed at in some sports, such a shooting and darts. up and running (cliche) working; operating uoynedoy MON ZLQari 1. What was the new competition that the company would face? 2. Why did the managing director say that maintaining the company’s place as market leader would not be easy? READ AND UNDERSTAND 3. List the advantages that the managing director pointed out in paragraph 3. 4. In what sense did the company have the advantage of time? 5. Describe the problem that Steiner & Warbuck would face with staff. =Ci 1, ‘The managing director's address was to impress on his staff that the company would be up against stiff competition. Using the graphic organizer below, list as, ‘many advantages and disadvantages as you can find mentioned in his address. You will find that an advantage for the local company can also be expressed as a disadvantage for the American competitor and vice versa, | Local company. 7 Fina ala Advantages Disadvantages 2. How would the local company prepare itself for the new competition? uoledwoy MON Zt3. Match each sentence in column A with a follow-up comment in column B. Write the letter of the correct follow-up comment in the box that corresponds with the 2 sentence. < = Column A Column B 2 2 1. The store will receive = 5 A. Let me keep you up to 2 the goods next week. speed on what's happened. 2 2. You can trust whathe =——> B. You will have to prioritize 2 told you. your study schedule. 7 3. The exams are coming C. fear it will have a negative : up close. impact on team morale. : 4. You've been on leave = _D._ We cam expect it to be up for the last two weeks. __ and running in two weeks. 5. One of our star players is injured, E. It comes from a reliable source. 4, Summarize in 100 words, the advantages and disadvantages that the local company had in the face of new competition. 116Suppose that a very established secondary school with an excellent reputation is Going to relocate to its new building just opposite to your school. As the new school will provide competition to yours in attracting good students, your principal asks you to write a leaflet of 200 words to be given to primary schools in your area. The purpose of the leaflet is to persuade primary school pupils of the advantages. of joining your secondary school. in the leaflet, give details of the following facilities and resources of your school © Library * Computer laboratories * Science laboratories ‘* Special purpose rooms, e.g. music room, art room, audio-visual room © Sports facilities uoyadwod MEN ZL v7GNVISY3GNN ONY aVvaa 118CV Deception 8 A conversation on a staff members CV deception. [EERO 1. CV stands for ‘curriculum vitae’ or biodata. Why would someone need to write oc? 2. What would a person put in his CV? 3. From the title above, what do you think the passage is about? (CERIeESErr Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. ‘Thave a piece of bad news for you,’ said Meg to her boss. “You're going to have to start looking for an office manager again.” ‘What!’ exclaimed Mr Ramsay. ‘But Sally just started two days ago. She can’t have resigned yet surely! We're not as bad a firm as that!” ‘No, she hasn't,’ replied Meg, ‘but you're going to have to give her the boot. At least that’s the message from head office. She’s to leave the building right away.” “Oh no! It took me such a long time to go through all the applicants and select her,” he said, sitting down at his desk and putting his head in his hands wearily. ‘What’s she done? Surely she hasn’t had her hand in the till already.” “It's nothing like that,’ replied Meg. ‘Apparently, she airbrushed her CV and the HR manager at head office has just found out. Basically, she invented a degree and a business diploma. Her references were uoyda2ag AD BLREAD AND UNDERSTAND 120 ‘genuine, although they gilded the lily a bit, but they were written by two close friends of hers. They run a business together and she used to do some part-time work for them occasionally—but not work of the standard required here. Actually, it’s just as well it was discovered now. She would never have coped with the work.” “Words fail me!’ cried Mr Ramsay. ‘I thought I was a good judge of, character and she seemed the best of the bunch. I must be losing my grip as an interviewer. “You can’t win ‘em all!” said Meg comfortingly. ‘You're usually spot on when it comes to choosing people for jobs. Don’t blame yourself, It's apparently quite common now for people to tell lies in their CV and many of them are never found out. Sally was unlucky, T suppose. They don’t always check educational qualifications, it seems, but the deputy office manager Mary Brown did a business diploma at the same college as Sally claimed she had been at, and graduated the same year Sally said that she did. It was a small college and Mary didn’t know her.’ “Mary could just be making a mistake, I suppose,’ said Mr Ramsay. ‘I'm afraid not,’ Meg replied. “They checked with both the college and the university. Sally had never been registered at either and so the HR department started checking the rest of her CV, found out about her references and the rest is history.” “Lneed a cup of coffee fast,’ said Mr Ramsay. ‘I can't believe I'm going to have to start the interviewing process over again.”actually (cliché) behind the cliché is that when iis already good offen used meaninglessiy, someone has been kicked out, enough: fo add unnecessary especialy by people fo whom bunch, the best of the details or decoration it has become a habit; can. “ i” bunch (cliché) ‘Spot on (cliché) also be used when contrasting the best or most suitable ‘exacily right or accurate; used whats ocualorrealwith person na group; sometimes fay informal contexts Suggesting thatthe .0UP CS. nave your hand uoudeseq AD BL airbrush (jargon) €@ whole isnot particularly to make something seem good. The best of a bad {or fingers) in the till better than it is. Literally, to bunch (or lot! is a similar (idiom/cliché) | to steal from the shop or | business where you work; used in informal contexts. ‘airbrush’ means fo improve cliché which puts more ‘picture or photograph using emphasis on how bad the an airbrush, a device for group is sproying paint which uses grip, lose your grip win, you can't win ‘em all compressed ait {idlonveiené) (cliché) ; id when you have basically (cliché) to become less good at ee eee Used when referrng to the something o less abe to deo! fle todo someting to most important port or feature with something thon you were dicate that sometimes you What is the most imporiant story, the rest is history Connie the word “ory is ‘about a situation. This cliché (cliché) short for thon is ofien used more or less__sed to indicate that everyone meaninglessly by people to knows the rest ofthe story or word, words fall me (cliché) whom Its use has become a account which you have been _used to emphasize that you habit. telling oF the account which you are so surprised, shocked or boot ive someone the PO nen ong Soy ong boot (idiom/eliché) ‘need say no more, v ing to dismiss someone; used in lily, gild the lily (idiowveliché) informal contexts. The idea to try to improve something Pee RE ENN QS ae 1. What was the piece of ‘bad news’ that Meg brought to her boss, Mr Ramsay? 2. What wrong did Mr Ramsay think Sally had done? 1212 2 z a 8 g 3 8 g z 3 3 8 3. What had Sally done to deceive the company? 4. Why did Meg think the early discovery was ‘just as well’? 5. Who first suspected that Sally’s CV was not genuine? Inderstanding Information 1. Sally had worked part-time for the company that wrote the references. Yet the references were part of the deception. Explain why. 2. Mr Ramsay blamed himself for being a poor interviewer. Elaborate on what he meant. 3. How was the deception about the degree and references discovered? Trace the series of events described in paragraphs 5, 7 and 9, using the organizer below. Series of Events4. Complete each of the sentences with a suitable idiom from the box below. the rest is history the best of the bunch spot on losing his grip give him the boot (a) Highly stressed, Tom felt he was and decided to see a doctor. (b) Rather than ___ the manager told him to upgrade his skills. (©) Guess what! You were ______________________ iin predicting the top three finalists. (d) Though the new General Manager came from a humble background, he won a scholarship to university and (©) Some people are critical of the management team but I can tell you they are 5. In 100 words, summarize the episode of the CV deception. Explain what the deception was, how it was discovered and what the outcome was. uoydeseg AD BtREAD AND UNDERSTAND With computer technology, it is now possible for dishonest people to buy fake degrees and professional certificates from websites to boost their chances of getting a job. Imagine that you are a reporter of a local newspaper and your editor asks you to write a balanced report of 200 words on this sca based on. the following notes: * People selling the degrees and certificates ~ what they have to gain ‘* People buying the degrees and certificates ~ what they have to gain and lose. + Employers who believe the certificates are genuine ~ possible consequences for employers who have employed someone with fake qualificationsJim in Trouble A conversation on how to deal with the situation. 1. Recall an occasion when you were in trouble. 2. Did you think you deserved to be in trouble? 3. What effect did the incident have on you? aiqnos. ui wir 6L Reading Passage Now read the passage below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. ‘Someone who shall remain nameless must have told Mum that I was home a bit late last night,” said Jim. ‘She's absolutely furious with me.’ ‘Don’t look at me!” replied his sister Mary. ‘I don’t know why you think someone had to tell Mum. It was quite obvious that you were Tate home. You made such a noise that you woke the whole household and you weren't just a bit late. You were extremely late! I looked at the clock and it was the wee small hours when I heard you stumbling upstairs. You were supposed to be home by eleven.” “Nonsense!” exclaimed Jim. ‘It may have been a few minutes past the witching hour, but that’s all. I remember looking at the clock in Joe's house as I was leaving the party.’ “Then your eyesight must be getting very bad or you got badly lost on the way home,’ was Mary’s reply. ‘Joe only lives two streets away.” 125READ AND UNDERSTAND 126 ‘Do you think Mum might have forgotten all about it by this evening?” asked Jim hopefully. “Perhaps she'll have calmed down, She doesn’t usually stay angry with us for very long, does she?” “Get a reality check!” said Mary. “You know she has a bee in her bonnet about us being in at a reasonable time during the week. She thinks staying out late will affect our college work and she’s so keen for us to get good qualifications.” “But I don’t have any lectures this morning. I don’t have to be in college until this afternoon. I could have still been in the land of nod if Mum hadn’t come barging in and woken me up at some ungodly hour to tear a strip off me.” “She was still breathing fire when she left for work. She was so furious with you that she didn’t even say goodbye to the rest of us,” replied Mary. “What time will she be home?" asked Jim. ‘Is she working late tonight?” ‘Ask me another!” said Mary. ‘Why do you want to know?” ‘I thought that if I could get her calmed down she might let me borrow the car,’ replied Jim. ‘I’m going over to Jenny’s flat this evening and it’s right at the other side of town. The bus service to that part of town is terrible.’ “Don’t push your luck!’ advised Mary. “The best thing that you can do is to keep out of Mum’s way for as long as possible, preferably by staying in your room and studying. She probably won’t allow you to leave the house tonight, let alone lend you the car. I think you're underestimating just how angry she is.”‘ocabulary Stud another, ask me another (cliché) Used to indicate that you don't know the answer fo a question ‘which you have been asked; Used in informal, sometimes humorous, contexts, bee, a bee in your bonnet {idiomdcliché) something about which you {eel strongly and about which you cont stop thinking or talking, in origin, the cliché refers toa bee being tropped inside a hat ond so unable to {get out, comparing this to an idea which you get into your tiead and cannot get rid of fire, breathe fire (idiomseliché) to speak or act in on extremely ‘angry way; used in informal contexts. In origi, the cliché refers 10 « dragon in legend which breathed fire when it ‘was angry hour, at some (or an) ungodly hour (cliché) very late at night or very early in the moming and, therefore, often very inconvenient or annoying. hour, the wee small hours (cliché) the hours immediately after ‘midnight, one o'clock, two ‘o'clock, three o'clock, ete used in informal contexts The word Wee's originally ‘aScotish word mecning small and so Wee’ ond “small inthis expression both mean the same thing, ‘mking it an example of tautology. An alternative form of the cliché is the sm: hours. hour, the witching hour (cliché) ‘midnight; used mostly in informal or humorous contexts. Witches are said to begin practising their magic at ‘midnight. look, don't look at me (cliché) Used to indicate that you are not involved in something or that you do not wish to be involved in something; used in informal contexts, luck, push your luck (idionictiché) {0 fake a foolish risk that might well result in trouble for you, offen by trying to gain too ‘much when you had been reasonably successful up til then; used in informal contexs, offen found in negative constructions. nameless, someone who shall (or must) remain nameless (cliché) Used when someone is reluctant to mention the ‘name of the person who is being referred to for some reason or other: often used in humorous contexis where It's obvious who is being referred to. ‘nod, in the land of nod (idiomdliché) ‘asleep; used in informal contexts, offen in relation to ctildren or in hurnorous contexts From the fact that people often nod when they ‘are about 10 fal asleep, as in “nod off, to go to sleep, often for shor time, and often siting in a chair during the day; used in informal contexts. reality, get a reality check (jargon) to stop being unrealistic and ‘accept the facts of a situation strip, tear a strip off ‘someone (idion/ciché) to reprimand or scold someone or ciiticize someone severely for doing something wrong. ‘This expression originates from the idea of whipping someone 0 severely that you take off o piece of skin 3 2 3 2 = ® 127READ AND UNDERSTAND 128 (Sri 1. What is the difference between ‘the wee small hours’ and ‘the witching hour’? 2. How do you know that Mary did not believe Jim returned home a few minutes past the witching hour? 3. What was the reason that Jim's mother wanted him home at a reasonable hour? 4. What did Jim intend to ask his mother that evening? (Understanding information 1. Comment on whether you find the title ‘Jim in Trouble’ appropriate. 2. Do you think Jim was sorry that he had displeased his mother? Give a reason for your answer. 3. From the dialogue you can contrast the characters of Mary and Jim. Pick out as many different characteristics between them as you can,4. What is your view of parents who fix the time for their teenage children to return home at night? .. Write a sentence using the idiom given in brackets for each of the situations below. ‘The first one is done for you as an example. (a) You and your friends have a party to welcome the New Year. (the wee small (b) The grandchildren know that they must always remember to greet their grandmother or she will tell them off about courtesy. (a bee in her bonnet) (©) You and your friends take part in a charity team event that begins at 5 a.m. (at some ungodly hour) (d) You are careless and break your mother’s favourite vase. (breathing fire) (e) You attend an afternoon lecture after a heavy lunch. (in the land of Nod) () You pass a test without much studying and want to dé the same for next year. (push your luck) aignou ul wir 64READ AND UNDERSTAND 6. Summarize the main points of the passage in 80 words, Notice that the information in this unit is presented as a conversation between, ‘Mary and Jim. You will realize that dialogues are o powerful means to tell us ‘about people. Write a conversation using the expressions that you have learnt so far. Try as much as you can to bring out the characters in the dialogue. You and your brother/sister have a discussion about a family matter. Choose from one of the following situations, or use one of your own situations, so long as itis a discussion between you and your sibling on a family matter. (al Though you are both getting the same amount of pocket money, you think it's enough but your sibling does not. He/she wants to ask your parents to increase the amount. tb) You are happy with the 10 pm deadline that your parents have set for you to retum home at night. But your sibling wants it extended fo 11 pm.2 2 ie & 3 z S 2 2 = ° s Controversial Toll Charging A radio interview with a local councillor. PreReading Questions 1. What is a toll charge? 2. What is meant by ‘controversial’? 3, Why would a local councilor be interviewed? Now read the interview below. You can look up the meanings of the words and idioms in bold in the Vocabulary Study section that follows. Interviewer: Councillor: Interviewer: Councillor Brown, thank you for sparing the time to come along and talk to us today. As you are aware, a great many people are concerned about the announcement of the council's de sion to charge tolls on cars entering the city centre. No decision of the kind has been made. The public concern can be blamed on the press who are having a field day with this subject. Consequently, the whole situation has got out of hand and rumours are rife. The truth of the matter is that we are aware that something must be done urgently about the ever-worsening traffic congestion and we are investigating a number of options. Toll-charging is just one of these. You're preaching to the converted here when you say that something must be done to improve the traffic situation, but is the charging of tolls a viable possibility? Owners of shops in the city centre are expressing concern that such a scheme would virtuallyCouncillor: Interviewer: Councillor: Interviewer: Councillor: ‘mark the end of city-centre shopping. Others fear that collecting tolls ‘would simply add to the congestion while motorists queue to pay the tolls. If there is one thing which I have learned in my long years of service as a councillor it is that you can’t please all of the people all of the time. Although everybody seemingly agrees that something must be done about the traffic, every time we put forward a proposal, someone throws a spanner in the works. Most motorists pay service to the idea that we need to reduce the amount of traffic ‘coming into the city centre but they want to look after number one. ‘They don’t want to use public transport. But there’s the rub. If there were better public transport, it wouldn’t be an inconvenience to use it and people would be more inclined to leave their cars at home. It's a chicken-and-egg situation. We need more money in order to improve our public transport system to the extent that motorists will use it. It is only right, in our view, that some of that money should come directly from the motorists, although, I repeat, no decision has been made on road tolls. I think that a great many people feel that itis more than time that the council did come to a decision about traffic. You appear to have been going round in circles for several years on the subject. We feel that you are not really getting to grips with the nuts and bolts of the situation, That remark is most unfair and not at all helpful. SujBs0y9 jI04 [pIsseAosjuoy 0% 1332 = = & a Zz =: 3 2 = 2 $ 2 (rn chicken, a chicken-and-egg situation (idion/cliché) € situation in which i isnot clear which of two closely related situations occurred first ond caused the other. ‘The ciché is also used to describe a problem situation in which the seeming solution is oso the cause of the problem. The origin of this cliché isn the saying which came first, the chicken or the egg? circle, go round in circles (idioméeliche) to make no progress with ‘ problem, however much thought or effort you put into it The cliché comes from the idea of sorneone who is lost ‘going round in circles and keeping coming back to where they started from. converted, preach to the converted (cliché) to try to persuade people that something is « good thing when they already believe this day, have a field day (idiomdcliché) Yo take as much advantage ‘of an opportunity as possible ‘end do what you want or ‘enjoy yourself, often by citing oF upsetting someone else. A field day ‘wos originally a day on which soldiers practised ‘and demonstrated their skils in front of high-ranking officers. hand, get out of hand (idioméeliche) Yo become dificult or impossible to handle or contro lip, pay lip service to ‘something (idion/cliché) to express agreement with something without meaning this and without doing ‘onything to support. The idea behind the cliché is that only the lips, as the organ of speech, are being Used to show agreement or support nuts and bolts (idiom/cliché) the practical details of something ‘one, look after number fone (cliché) 10 take care of yourself and your own interests and not worry at all about other people; used in informal contexts. An altemative form of the diché is look out for ‘umber one, please, you can't please all of the people all of the time (cliché) sed to emphasize that since ‘not all people are the same ‘ond consequently have different attitudes and opinions, you cannat hope {0 get approval from everyone for wha! you say ond do rub, there's the rub (cliché) that is what makes a situation difficult or impossible. rumours are rife (cliché) used fo emphasize that there are o great many rumours going around about something, spanner, throw a spanner in the works (idiomvetiche) 4o prevent something from going ahead as planned; to spol or ruin a pion,Gal Information 1. What was the subject matter of the radio interview with Councillor Brown? v Why were toll charges being considered? 3. What were the objections to toll charges into the city centre? 4, What solution was given by the interviewer to the heavy use of cars into the city centre? 5. What criticism did the interviewer make of the council? eee Meee 1, The Councillor blamed the press for causing public concern. Explain how the press could be held responsible for public concern. 6uIBs0yp j101 JoIs!en0s1U0> Oz9 3 « 8 8 2 5 8 g z 3 fe 136 2. Complete the following sentences to show cause and effect. (a) The council was examining a number of options because (b) Shop owners in the city centre were worried about a lack of shoppers as a consequence of (c) The Councillor believed heavy traffic in the city centre was caused by (@) Because there was a shortage of funds, the council column B by joining the dots. Column A (a) Have you found a solution yet? (6) We want to have a win-win situation in which all groups gain something. (©) The main committee will propose the concept. (d) We must think of a way to discipline him. (©) Did you know there is a recycling service for all unwanted papers, plastics and glass bottles? . Match each sentence or question in column A with the appropriate response in Column B You're being idealistic. You can’t please all of the people all of the time. I've been using it for months. Actually, you're preaching to the converted. No, I’m afraid not. We seem to be going round in circles. Lagree, if we wait any longer he'll get completely out of hand. OK, that’s fine. But who will take care of the nuts and bolts?4. Write a 100-word summary of the radio interview. Include these points: + The option of charging tolls ‘+ The reason for this option * Some concerns about the tolls + A possible solution 8 ° 8 2 3 & z g & = a You are the president of one of the co-curricular clubs in your school, The club members meet once a week to take part in activities but often these activities are not successfully carried out because of poor attendance or late-coming. You propose some changes that would improve punctuality and attendance. Many members object to these proposals and one of them wants you to answer some questions at the next club meeting, The questions are given to you in advance. Prepare your answers in writing,1. Many members are concerned that you intend to impose a fine on members who are late for meetings or who do not attend. Do you think you have the authority to do that? 2 2 iS 3 Zz S 2 Z z 3 s 2. Why have you not thought of first asking members why they are late or irregular in attendance? 3. Have you thought of other ways to get members to be punctual and regular in attendance? $ 4, How can you stop members from resigning from the club if these fines are imposed?ReaD and UsoersosD 4 Answer Key lied iain Bio ‘ty at i ani a. | 5 Sic pia $e. newervnek a wtariste cay | ° Creatas snap wp eating information Saar ae scence "See ern + sm ata ns eid ate sel aes oe sa 1 Meee hve dean en, 2 Seer tte ett tea Ungeanaing Information 4. |: Otafsiouooanstassnet Seca dS aston Som Se te eget cane MU a ese {ise enous ward aloe fe eae gy, | ty ner Daun oe Ho mae ey | TG Rem oe ston ee wee SOLS emi he cone setae | Rey ateuyevea | tnvtonouin ltt down ‘5 The phon coud nc ea th nti ofthe dad woman | oh thers cmpany where was it. She esi ‘tentaracimsedremeiroriranren | unit § Desperate immigrants Chie Searetianeirtwetroesee | REzafing Information Understanding ematon Tovrea Sete pe oi eo (an ween rg wigs | 9 SPENT penton ato ta w ae | Sore fee et nen ost | ae ts teenat | 2 Kn ertr ome oes 2 Maadelmnenteimstadtintnsten ate | utenminnin tremens | , St ‘ekigaaasenitiay eee | abate 2 Tetra sexta MicetdeReyonttotouteonenccenas | “Chiumaaine . plemednsta | Srtanai ica Gest enet§ Stowe pours ‘nus ar tna Snr Teo 30 4c 5A oe = titer Pia wa Sree smuna | 5 Set sy nen sa ay SieBot on aatarys mawoasc oma | > Meet ae sat ‘ora ‘ened 1 Anse sc om nea tok « Hutelnanene.sumsonaironn | * nutter am Understanding fermen {iangmichgonaan rary iok. |» techy mie Wes magerent | 1 karina mae 5 Het nc at bie ae tortor hu eae ae chetiotawne «+ Binet nner a Somatelpbes traced we i tec Geer et hereed | 2 Spent ter son, |" Bete sme fn sna : can qoteccuee gl etagene ade mate ten beam na eta oy ete Unit 2A Sates Report | seach caliente gegen ecling Inormation Recaling Information cnana | nee tt be it ot shen Li FRE LBs ttm ste | iia ehoemeiems | 2 aglemecenyeetenine mis ie Fe ne Seater semeguenees |" etagmatereemiatroms Understanding Information itiownts ewe fon be a Tieotes hw ro connsoe rene f 1 [semen ete bye rae] | wcetnnzen es mwlowse | © ns Tecoma Siri famerinatonenen | | © Sumciniteiarionseczornaatioven | SSeViomt nents ite th omer i a in'pwagire seawseernsces | Saker = Thetmiceane cvmdseams| | «Abed tome meinen |‘ Gi* Gatti asin we Sonat ve vargas elroy | | eranimria' hebrtthsn siserm | pj feconwmnoesatvesss — S Teemeeigreees || Sommmmcumengicms |g eae reg ee Sielacwteles : Gata oraneretyerio | | Undertanaing iteration 5. Son — iad : crameacavterasirsemeyer_| | YNnlaraecncherahnesntenie | "* kin et ge pen © ne a 219 ae aa geenaricion | Eyer Miron ts tmecnsrng | Tov awh ee sory a poet He ch buched he ted 40 apt 1a ad all the ioemation, 16 ai cenutng 85 the ‘savings. : Staverton pos + Beat of np wom soning tle 2: Say ee it PERRET skmpacomcavahpiag | bring Sow nd nsemanebrervirms © Eicher me fo mnkr tae | sae Soptaeneramentets Sour TBewtanoerserecmenstongretynd | Sea : (HERE poetic ors | Wives mecin 1 Ae ss wets poi | eM tgoaae 1 eso cot not no te st sie ‘Reread Mewanso TNDSIEWEE | Unit § Miraculous Rescue . 7 Heeshmwtotene hndee ranccluing utes |. of sai age Recaling information : 1 Stal Suma Mhevecttetaeescacsctutrecwouk e | I thn Cis aes Moyes oh eee bred suinenens este ue : ion a row ie nos we | 2 eS te Mee of Mepet aets —S Later deuderhnaay one te | * enetMonr cess bem Diet 2/Prebiaresiat Werk olen |. Me Gla cto drt wea he Fay secatingtnornation Tapa twee econ ox nity we. | & tsnebtnenatah ee ee Tooyed snr sung OF Biya Sev wee | somnnyacoes ister teat Woe tague afte weeen sets wieerhnn aa en Vaystwisedhganpoytverecex’ | Siva eatin he ame ade sexed 2M tr a an aon Ye or | 4 tien ero ae a ba : ‘mgmogia stare dno Sliteshen deretmmrseedeem | 5 Grenadin sn, a GiSeeraca hig am owtonme |e Meumeemannehennn — | $tetemmaamebecutaracy ae,READ AND UNDERSTAND 4 Understanding information ‘Seo wy ma ae a en, 2. ie of ar: ales, capa, be, fiero. ems. Aca su ets, {hea snr ans 3 ae nd 5. nau dt wet is ‘hve wy sa el cnpein that ‘Siew he pinto rer Howes ne iva rae, chion wee {hs mi ear eas 9) ‘eve a ey re ie es ak ‘pint age nd dob 3a 5 Suma a tpn Wend eae cup rere 1 ema, Vt ent ade hen stow ep apts “Tian te ene orp, sate 1 ioc ata ex any 1 Ow ah i ates one ae an Sater mcr ee hn, 1 Temar i rr sn ar oc 1 Senay he ar ly iy Unit 7 Flood Damage Recating tnrormation ‘repent exrte a at topos et Nrohrwar tata sstinonbe soca We ‘nna mie Beara pay ah rae 2. Tate asda ay eM vob Vs tecwara beta nia wet ate te dear ns ao ost ames 1 Pole pct Sau Era mgt ae Sv ‘area vert nn rower «Weta ol epson ato weliethe 5 Tapa te deg sa tioigindei athe ‘tite acing aac! pr Sst or ‘rhuodceur cova eo Understanding Information ‘ihe tind ne ort a on bese ewe ‘retell oe Teale se Be War AL wc dwn eae z ‘We ose sano pwr 2. Me Belch nano ho wo at Ii ann oso gh nl «Groton bette oa M Bech the ese mange Mr Roget ot thay oe Seasinasoefonngan cross ne ha ‘hoy sadtar pps wee carga oath mo ‘oortin teams’ eta She Se Se ee hs ee he ‘ones at no ie a eta en Paro nha hg 6 laa rts hy ns bots [o sulesigin dpi 1 aoa wemay [ol tar ton ors «6: Sumay = ee es pins Ge nrg. Sa fd Cus Those Ie eye re ut ff a igo | + Ee atm ge tut ew + Der wos es sista + Done lat pms df ste 5 Rete ecu pc Unit 8 Closure of a Local Bookshop Recalling information (toe west beossoatru {Lume frome cse oe tS ed 2. Note fn may mt te ‘otedap 1. Une veo a at Mes wa et a aN Sono ppe poe: he Sang ont Fao dee he eg. tt ‘nwo he te sean pea gy ‘poe Understanding information ‘hpmin tg vins sears ose meet nt toh ato 2 Het i te sep oe sat eis tel wat aan a,b dt cs fi gp horns hat he ‘hp a eh a ae at Pa topes. 2 Rr Mee Toa ns hp fie) Inn sme sent oe es {iB Say ise Soyo icon tec pty ae ‘Leper ate ent, (8 oumrean anal At najecort [ete eras 5, Sire man pa hops wey ows eon ber ‘meats 2a ate Fico tar no me an Factowtas sega Stora pale one! an ot: fon tan ‘ar tr a amo pig bt roe tos Unit 9 Bis, Bis, Bits Recaing tavormation eyar enone adlt ate at om 2 justo pence antes ‘web ars hate ws oo Times: atentoeatingtr tances tress ache ae 4 Woven catalan en ‘ony ka ‘erway dete be ee ‘yer dite Ao edanatatetehep Understanding information 1a pst Ap ow SEW onslet ecte i pes eocing. a rai Ne pate inate ete mya It me ile es mata cp t stcte 2. Howarth war satin ih wo apt 0k plane neo wed ot eet nee 2. Some os Mequon ome te of fara ‘tse ae i sada te intone bore ition on fe sinter 6 Sumac ese ri gre ry a ek ae ie ns Ks vey + Srtoutret tnt vt mitre note otro ne ch hap we ‘rare + Who er a, cy wt sto dese che ad + Senne at bt whom or ey + Geymenetet tem ce Unit 10 Footballers Required Recating information te gaps of ape as les be healt tn he iy sins ota 2 TF Pernt gual ht sors hee sae loa he ne mrt i Doses Fora te Satin tbe olen iene th aie en 2m at eal man ity fete obs woe Bos god serene or ter wal ap gpg mt abril ‘tin ent fe on repos oe ‘tated nen pe «Te sa bel Ho ea pa oa ep ioreonen wane Understanding information Termes | Ste roe ewcie | pens {iat | ren woe 7 ween tare (roe ‘rush cen in 7 ingore ere ‘owt 2A tt © gr aves bast on tar aur acne Ec an oy Bt idea po Donen tie (Grates toe pol ent eae (9 Spot «Sia = ce es ma ors Pt ret ped ee Dine otal ag + er nc me wo be «Mpa 0 tron ol i as ne ‘incinerated eegpass croiy one Da an ser, oy hol poy ho Str amet ag et gan ntact + roger totems ttre ‘valor power a Unit 11. A Surprise Job Move Recaling intormation Sarton sre foe ed 9 mh ter ‘em ae ly oy msn 2. Tener el toca een 2. fice to tow wa xt ‘sire sag re(4 Neo aa indy, ‘Sree joao en {ty tt a ci id ob tog tema sey ln a ory “ile wd ot tan at Ma te no ‘oro le Sat ey he a 3 risa ‘argue iat agen ss ihe now mite erst ree Ms scence rth acae iabpetmananes [baka ttre H nw to wo sted eee Fh is ge je mas lf. Soth ‘nem oro pte mck be he ‘mn ro ey ane the ‘ery ase a er oc eat ‘opin hw rare Hb adr, feweuehs eb hl gota tei crm Se Unit 12 Launch of a Lunch Club eating Information (OTe ee Tac te (Toe ke foie Gime Ne Understanding information ‘esate waste Poet ehh Wise car ‘Seog earshot po fein pro a et 2, Raetacumsorcayentin seine Sty Unit 13 The Young's View of the Ol Reealing information ‘Senne a mi as tat ie 1. Sow guna vos ebro ‘im he goer vos oe ees 1. Nojstiieewsedios anor eos (9 Seay et oe 4. ote tt ok te ol ei Ising ee ptm on Understanding information "Twas we nT word SXSntot oy genannten neg (tart er nt xr he 2. Nes os more "Ye hy chy a ayo et oi al a hy oh ad so Th ty ik Tt we pwns a wd one agree ey sg 1S Son a we ss Ba ‘Sse he oat wy son «ia "ea Pen e emo nt te tones 8 ecumno a teeent a Feiss ites ' Stes — et ae apt "Hevea tn at ee re nS cot ene «Thy ate ow oe se bine na Unit 14 No Food in the Flat ating Information ‘as un ep ad ab oes 9 fo. 2 Th ut el tit ee st ‘etd me war tee ao 0 Setet omgieel Sent «Toad Bat we ter anda ay {owe sons Mower ofa be asa oe ie a wg ho st 4 Shanty gt opie oma ke 2 Deytaosr wor eat mn oe oO Understanding information 1 hoya hey Yon ag ‘icoms wa toon a 2 ‘agri osc bah sof onbi Hept xt ‘ttt spi froma i eft omar et sy Uptangamadveresdswany fovea ‘Siac eran npn ona ay nd Feet sve tsrpm aig hi hare a ‘etalon tower eager tae rues pt ti wes rae Sacer ele ‘Rin ears. eraonsbe ene ‘mone! ny nos ened sn ‘Stan cht Ha ore Sewanee ab gue ‘ce Te water at Jat spas ae ee 11 Het ne astro wet Bi meaty ord aot tal tte 1 Hee eu gy # yor een pt ta bo i owe rubato ca [Yin se Soot ti goed0 fo renovate hae 4 Say pte er et att hee pi oon way ed ns i be se te = Kepotsr regan, ayia at poy ‘sun ty a Ses fee wd calc ‘entieom tcl eat ete oe caster Boe 3 alowed ‘ites Unit 15 Brainstorming Session Recaling information 1h pres te estig ww bl cron, ‘berks ie 2 Tha mot weed ct of seo bomen one 1 Tupminionndetitar tn dtemargenan Ie eno wom oe ge me ‘Tee es grips wa hat hy ba he ‘Staion unt! he mos pve 5 ot hs were enn wo mathe prot Understanding information 110 Te testes 9 hesitant od ‘obese, ‘yen ne rm ton er Tag Ses pit osonng Woe ser Sena pgp oe ora ‘stat tt bet mae (Ta ot tl te campy ye wae ee ona to four rrgenr| (eon tlio ama sta ah am he ae 1. Suman i api "Tecan ss aon vag ese Th pron wa tg ta «chant hol + At ing es le ad be ak ‘hoy endow eal, gv supers o> Ironwood es et Show pase Unit 16 A Summons from the ‘Managing Director -ecaling Information hese ry ney sin is fc 2 Bie way at pops be marapg cnr at oat fe ew Joby woe Ro oe ew {nett on tbe cary y GNVISa3aNN aNy ayaa‘ot ut Ne sane se ey ut ae ben | Meare om at Salah eG |. sey es er naa wes Raclihdeeceeiontriertet | "Hitt testa it econ forte | "aera tne besarte ts 2 iia gee sta pos Pemgartn (et | ey tea a Sern ses 1 S07 iment do obedient | 4, wo oe fat 2 Soa Seen 8 | * Stetina awe SMa Se coe enone 3 ioe | «Rasa Syste wou ows | * " pan 3 er ot 8 ieee |“ Nevtatah emo Fem Si tr 1 EEN in ye ti a peti yea ee 6 that | eae am coy ha tating ee mpa Hsssottas paeieest ay ane ena Re cso "Site sa name tame et | {I a eee wn Sts | RR Zee Hp wee el wae Beware | tiem ane |! embetter 1 Tapes mre mey 6r | SE ait tsegatesrtagy | 0) egal wt rah an a 2 ‘monet ene nee ete | Oetker ya te ng S'S nto ware yn 4. syns is a ae 2 nei toneramien manera | 3 ete] | Semele 2 | [> [Recenter maa sytem aie i cndin Titieetigestioow Si caoa! | | — Meat xin weno 2 unit 17 New competition EEA Suachoenenye: || + Ietueewraecees yas vous ate 2 ellie aii Sitwwrrinetegattan son || Bree Cee ee besasecy! fir p aes aac + hp a American compatiors wes planneg 10 open 3 krarch 2 | When Sats eacatorl asl frm tetcar is deem a ‘ ‘we pi sero etee om | | «Hoyt hg ono oy 2 a ctop cacencoy: | | Kenta 2 Menmioweacpmerersnosinsremny, | | | Setanta ieemm toes Sir’ Wo wass econ en ers rpelaen = Seater Macon Controversial Tot! Charg . 1, Thm adantages of he company were is ng established | | 3 | The HR dapsanent ofthe comgany check’ =e apie ing 5S RUINENSINS TS teocenSe'temy | | | Sivrurinstn ores tee | | Recaling lntrmaon S—Bicaeintttarmanss ||| fat ety nw won ses | | ragga nnn wna SB Teed pacers weahn tater cung econ 2 ARIAESSaaal Seekers | 2 fc yd ent Ssnetepgeteradmgishecrns | 4 of igkigie Waseriniaion | * semana een S_ Ritorimad stew monet Gee iuaertnetaty | seen eS ores cy cee 2 REGRET | Bice SAS De Ske soto | «Samy ano 3 | © Reuters an seat Indertndng Information tiecigwerteon’ay tewrsttrsaage, | & Restituta arb pAc roe, es ba | SESRISESSRptiitltcwer | | mmmaatuntechee ocean 5" ep iistenenn fpmeneen convene] | + Sieabaersapeing STN" | ® Seats essa he ae pon nd et Ceatiatinte | ae cm «SY eceat sets wee ant wan | Se dn : cae mca || (eeseeeues : | soot | eve < isclznarls artedsote | Understanding information : ‘nen L4inometafaceaSeccayee). | 1" pa milter pbe reon : ese LMicthariores ieee ay ns | | Moser tt whee ner : ‘al Senda ha tron Salers SS oherare ier : a = Eien rob creat ; 2 Ei icatvaeaiatgnnmbot inet fs ope oe ecu | Unit 19 Jim in Trouble Sap ones no ty ee nm word set 2 Io ayo» Cesena at Sas \aremietin | Hania tema | | . | Recalling Information ‘the thal conpary. | No custoner ose. | 1. "The woe smaller isthe tine ater midnight aed co roe ones : Hsin | Wouutmeine | | "ytaetanocan Tewiaghor anaape | | © Pe anciie! way intact : «| mone. | anime dmg | sae mie ern . | Bi Manor emi matte peavey tad | og eee ns tao ts, conc : it ECE ESTs: | Senter am st i | 5 SE etree eat ene te | 2 gn" : | aus Saget sg ae wnt er | 0, aa en wn : | erat dvertrtebe woes | gy Gearon : | «Stans wath mer rhe be or ieee : | «Hpi a tne terre nee |g ‘teen Bani aca 22 The company wou oir | _ ie cinas ee bo yw i a SS 5 Spe Settee avon | Understanding information ‘ompoxtyoncttard aye oA Te | cere cie‘amn Toe 6 sora ws te | ‘eteeneog tmnt Act, Sima aa gy | pec i i Sal ee yoopoattge norman : ; ~izgmi Sematnenstomrathommyin wean | & Saeay— wee ow ronan : ‘sehen = af may i cistres— SAB | era das sa batt stay | + Teco ws enaeg ote onigtls Sgt no | ote rotary rag pe ‘minor ee : ota sicamm- | Ginete im ai nesemgam nim | + fermen wane ate etn . Rieter, was sul bybis mathe because he retrrad hwo vy “+ Concer cf otras: thay woud hee toy the to : | EiNSatpmatnerortinsmemcts | + frandsagmensniearonse apenas g i ‘Spe meen ow oh {Mais CY Deception! | 2 Teri wt apart be ary tat a had cians ie | + The tear see thal te scan was 5 Recaing nfrmation cow testy suptrartictanneratie |” pues polerasp tn + TttRemwndattewosetesittsigie | fonesey nah tng tothe caesar | + eGo nsed a nee we 8 : | esence Some nes mr nee

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