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SPH3U2 Formula Sheet

This document contains various physics formulas related to kinematics, dynamics, energy, waves, optics, and thermodynamics. Some key formulas include: 1) Δd = vavgΔt for calculating displacement from average velocity and time. 2) W = FΔd for calculating work from force and displacement. 3) Ekin = 1/2mv2 for calculating kinetic energy. 4) P = F/t for calculating power. 5) n = c/v for calculating the index of refraction based on speed of light and speed in a medium.

Uploaded by

Frederick Ding
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4K views

SPH3U2 Formula Sheet

This document contains various physics formulas related to kinematics, dynamics, energy, waves, optics, and thermodynamics. Some key formulas include: 1) Δd = vavgΔt for calculating displacement from average velocity and time. 2) W = FΔd for calculating work from force and displacement. 3) Ekin = 1/2mv2 for calculating kinetic energy. 4) P = F/t for calculating power. 5) n = c/v for calculating the index of refraction based on speed of light and speed in a medium.

Uploaded by

Frederick Ding
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPH3U2 Formula Sheet

Δ𝑑𝑑⃗ = 𝑣𝑣⃗𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 Δ𝑡𝑡 𝐸𝐸𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = 𝐸𝐸𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ′


𝑣𝑣⃗1 + 𝑣𝑣⃗2
Δ𝑑𝑑⃗ = � � Δ𝑡𝑡 𝑊𝑊 = 𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴 Δ𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2
𝑊𝑊 = 𝐹𝐹𝐴𝐴 Δ𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1
Δ𝑑𝑑⃗ = 𝑣𝑣⃗1 Δ𝑡𝑡 + 𝑎𝑎⃗Δ𝑡𝑡 2
2 𝐸𝐸𝑔𝑔 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚Δℎ
1
Δ𝑑𝑑⃗ = 𝑣𝑣⃗2 Δ𝑡𝑡 − 𝑎𝑎⃗Δ𝑡𝑡 2 𝑊𝑊
2 𝑃𝑃 =
𝑡𝑡
𝑣𝑣⃗22 = 𝑣𝑣⃗12 + 2𝑎𝑎⃗Δ𝑑𝑑⃗
1
𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
𝑣𝑣⃗2 = 𝑣𝑣⃗1 + 𝑎𝑎⃗Δ𝑡𝑡 2

𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝜃𝜃 1 1
Δ𝑥𝑥 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚Δℎ1 + 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣12 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚Δℎ2 + 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣22
𝑔𝑔 2 2
Useful energy out
Efficiency = � � × 100%
Energy in
𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑎⃗
𝑄𝑄 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚Δ𝑡𝑡
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 where c is the specific heat capacity in J/kg°C
𝜇𝜇 =
𝐹𝐹𝑁𝑁
𝑄𝑄𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 𝑚𝑚 × 𝑙𝑙𝑣𝑣
where FN is the normal force
where lv is the latent heat of vaporization constant
𝐺𝐺𝑚𝑚1 𝑚𝑚2
𝐹𝐹𝑔𝑔 = 𝑄𝑄𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 𝑚𝑚 × 𝑙𝑙𝑓𝑓
(Δ𝑑𝑑)2
𝑁𝑁𝑚𝑚2 where lf is the latent heat of fusion constant
−11
𝐺𝐺 = 6.673 × 10
𝑘𝑘𝑔𝑔2 1
𝐸𝐸𝑒𝑒 = 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 2
2
𝐹𝐹𝑔𝑔 = 𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔⃗
where k is the spring constant and x is the
extension/compression

𝑎𝑎 = 100(𝑑𝑑2 − 𝑑𝑑1 ) 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘


in rapid analysis 𝑝𝑝⃗ = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣⃗
Δ𝑝𝑝⃗ = 𝐹𝐹⃗ Δ𝑡𝑡
𝑝𝑝𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑖 = 𝑝𝑝𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑓𝑓

𝑚𝑚1 𝑣𝑣1 + 𝑚𝑚2 𝑣𝑣2 = 𝑚𝑚1 𝑣𝑣1′ + 𝑚𝑚2 𝑣𝑣2 ′


𝑚𝑚1 𝑣𝑣1 + 𝑚𝑚2 𝑣𝑣2 = (𝑚𝑚1 + 𝑚𝑚2 )𝑣𝑣 ′

𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘 > 𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘 ′


in inelastic collisions
1 1 1 1
= + 𝑓𝑓 =
𝑓𝑓 𝑑𝑑𝑜𝑜 𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖 𝑇𝑇
𝑐𝑐 = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
ℎ𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖
𝑀𝑀 = =− 𝑣𝑣𝑠𝑠
ℎ𝑜𝑜 𝑑𝑑𝑜𝑜 𝑓𝑓2 = 𝑓𝑓1 � �
𝑣𝑣𝑠𝑠 ± 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜
𝑐𝑐 where + is receding and – is approaching
𝑛𝑛 =
𝑣𝑣𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑣𝑣𝑠𝑠
𝑓𝑓2 = 𝑓𝑓1 � �
𝑛𝑛1 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝜃𝜃1 = 𝑛𝑛2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝜃𝜃2 𝑣𝑣𝑠𝑠 ± 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜
𝑐𝑐 where + is receding and – is approaching
index of refraction =
𝑣𝑣 𝑣𝑣 = 332 + 0.6𝑇𝑇
𝑛𝑛2
𝑖𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = arcsin � � 𝑃𝑃
𝑛𝑛1 𝐼𝐼 =
4𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2
where n2 is the refractive index of the optically less
dense medium 𝐼𝐼1 𝑟𝑟22
=
𝐼𝐼2 𝑟𝑟12

𝐼𝐼2
𝛽𝛽 = 10 log � �
𝐼𝐼1

𝜆𝜆1 𝑣𝑣1
=
𝜆𝜆2 𝑣𝑣2

2𝑛𝑛 − 1
𝐿𝐿 = 𝜆𝜆
4
in closed air columns
𝑛𝑛
𝐿𝐿 = 𝜆𝜆
2
in open air columns

𝑓𝑓1 𝐿𝐿2
=
𝑓𝑓2 𝐿𝐿1

𝑓𝑓1 �𝑇𝑇1
=
𝑓𝑓2 �𝑇𝑇2

𝑓𝑓1 𝑑𝑑2
=
𝑓𝑓2 𝑑𝑑1

𝑓𝑓1 �ρ2
=
𝑓𝑓2 �ρ1
where rho is the density

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