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Thermal Drying

Thermal drying involves removing liquid, usually water, from a wet solid using dryers. When a wet solid undergoes thermal drying, two processes occur simultaneously: the transfer of energy like heat from the environment to evaporate surface moisture, and the transfer of internal moisture to the surface so it can evaporate. The document discusses internal conditions like moisture content, external psychrometric conditions, the drying mechanism, dryer classification and selection, and energy/safety considerations for drying. It focuses on moisture content calculations and defining different types of water that can exist in materials - water of hydration, bound water, and free water.

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61 views

Thermal Drying

Thermal drying involves removing liquid, usually water, from a wet solid using dryers. When a wet solid undergoes thermal drying, two processes occur simultaneously: the transfer of energy like heat from the environment to evaporate surface moisture, and the transfer of internal moisture to the surface so it can evaporate. The document discusses internal conditions like moisture content, external psychrometric conditions, the drying mechanism, dryer classification and selection, and energy/safety considerations for drying. It focuses on moisture content calculations and defining different types of water that can exist in materials - water of hydration, bound water, and free water.

Uploaded by

revandifitro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermal Drying

Drying is an operation in which a liquid usually water is


removed from a wet solid in equipment termed dryers.
When a wet solid is subjected to thermal drying,
two processes occur simultaneously:
Transfer of energy (mostly as heat) from the
surrounding environment to evaporate the surface
moisture
Transfer of internal moisture to the surface of the
solid and its subsequent evaporation due to
process 1

1. INTERNAL CONDITIONS: MOISTURE CONTENT
2. EXTERNAL CONDITIONS: PSYCHROMETRIC
3. MECHANISM OF DRYING
4. CLASSIFICATION AND SELECTION
5. ENERGY COSTS, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL
6. DESIGN OF DRYERS
7. DRYER SELECTION
Drying
INTERNAL CONDITIONS: MOISTURE CONTENT

1. Nonhygroscopic capillary-porous media.
2. Hygroscopic-porous media.
3. Colloidal (nonporous) media.
MOISTURE CONTENT:

Wet basis


Dry basis


sample of mass
water of mass
= c m . .
solids of mass
water of mass
= c m . .
EXTERNAL CONDITIONS: PSYCHROMETRIC

Vapor in Air:
EXTERNAL CONDITIONS: PSYCHROMETRIC

The ClausiusClapeyron Equation
Reference Substence:
EXTERNAL CONDITIONS: PSYCHROMETRIC

VaporGas Mixtures

MECHANISM OF DRYING
EXTERNAL CONDITIONS: PSYCHROMETRIC

Vapor in Air:
Water of hydration: integral part of the material
Bound water: water which is in some way bound
to material so that it exerts a vapour pressure less
than that of pure water
Free water: Water which is bound by such minute
forces, that its vapour pressure is equal to the
vapour pressure of pure water
INTERNAL CONDITIONS :
Types of Water in Material
Water of hydration: integral part of the material
Bound water: water which is in some way bound
to material so that it exerts a vapour pressure less
than that of pure water
Free water: Water which is bound by such minute
forces, that its vapour pressure is equal to the
vapour pressure of pure water
INTERNAL CONDITIONS :
Types of Water in Material

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