Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2013



GCE Further Pure Mathematics 2 (6668/01)




























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Summer 2013
Publications Code UA035971
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General Marking Guidance


All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must
mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised
for omissions.
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared
to award zero marks if the candidates response is not worthy of credit
according to the mark scheme.
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.


EDEXCEL GCE MATHEMATICS

General Instructions for Marking


1. The total number of marks for the paper is 75.

2. The Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of marks:

M marks: method marks are awarded for knowing a method and attempting to apply it,
unless otherwise indicated.
A marks: accuracy marks can only be awarded if the relevant method (M) marks have
been earned.
B marks are unconditional accuracy marks (independent of M marks)
Marks should not be subdivided.

3. Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the mark schemes:

bod benefit of doubt
ft follow through
the symbol will be used for correct ft
cao correct answer only
cso - correct solution only. There must be no errors in this part of the question to
obtain this mark
isw ignore subsequent working
awrt answers which round to
SC: special case
oe or equivalent (and appropriate)
dep dependent
indep independent
dp decimal places
sf significant figures
The answer is printed on the paper
The second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

4. All A marks are correct answer only (cao.), unless shown, for example, as A1 ft to
indicate that previous wrong working is to be followed through. After a misread however,
the subsequent A marks affected are treated as A ft, but manifestly absurd answers
should never be awarded A marks.

5. For misreading which does not alter the character of a question or materially simplify it,
deduct two from any A or B marks gained, in that part of the question affected.

6. If a candidate makes more than one attempt at any question:
If all but one attempt is crossed out, mark the attempt which is NOT crossed out.
If either all attempts are crossed out or none are crossed out, mark all the
attempts and score the highest single attempt.

7. Ignore wrong working or incorrect statements following a correct answer.

8. In some instances, the mark distributions (e.g. M1, B1 and A1) printed on the
candidates response may differ from the final mark scheme
General Principles for Pure Mathematics Marking

(But note that specific mark schemes may sometimes override these general principles).

Method mark for solving 3 term quadratic:
1. Factorisation

2
( ) ( )( ), where , leading to x = x bx c x p x q pq c + + = + + =

2
( ) ( )( ), where and , leading to x ax bx c mx p nx q pq c mn a + + = + + = = =

2. Formula
Attempt to use correct formula (with values for a, b and c).

3. Completing the square
2
2
Solving 0: , 0, leading to x =...
2
b
x bx c x q c q

+ + =




Method marks for differentiation and integration:
1. Differentiation
Power of at least one term decreased by 1. ( )

2. Integration
Power of at least one term increased by 1. ( )

Use of a formula
Where a method involves using a formula that has been learnt, the advice given in recent
examiners reports is that the formula should be quoted first.
Normal marking procedure is as follows:
Method mark for quoting a correct formula and attempting to use it, even if there are mistakes
in the substitution of values.
Where the formula is not quoted, the method mark can be gained by implication from correct
working with values, but may be lost if there is any mistake in the working.

Exact answers
Examiners reports have emphasised that where, for example, an exact answer is asked for, or
working with surds is clearly required, marks will normally be lost if the candidate resorts to
using rounded decimals.

Answers without working
The rubric says that these may not gain full credit. Individual mark schemes will give details of
what happens in particular cases. General policy is that if it could be done in your head,
detailed working would not be required.
1

n n
x x
1 +

n n
x x
Question
Number
Scheme Marks

1.
(a)
( )( )
2 1 1
,
2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3
A B
r r r r r r
= + =
+ + + + + +

M1,A1
(2)

(b)
1 1 1 1 1 1
....
3 5 5 7 2 1 2 3 n n
+ +
+ +



( )
1 1 2 3 3
3 2 3 3 2 3
n
n n
+
= =
+ +

M1


( )( ) ( )
1
3 3 2
2 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
n
n n
r r n n
= =
+ + + +

M1depA1
(3)
[5]

Notes for Question 1
(a)
M1 for any valid attempt to obtain the PFs

A1 for
1 1
2 1 2 3 r r

+ +


NB With no working shown award M1A1 if the correct PFs are written down, but M0A0 if either
one is incorrect
(b)
M1 for using their PFs to split each of the terms of the sum or of
( )( )
2
2 1 2 3 r r + +

into 2 PFs.
At least 2 terms at the start and 1 at the end needed to show the diagonal cancellation resulting
in two remaining terms.

M1dep for simplifying to a single fraction and multiplying it by the appropriate constant
A1cao for
2 3
n
n
=
+

NB: If r is used instead of n (including for the answer), only M marks are available.

Question
Number
Scheme Marks
2
(a) ( ) 5 3 5i cos i sin z r = = +


( )
2 2
5 3 5 10 r = + =
B1 (1)

(b)
arg
5
arctan or 2
5 3 6 6
z n



= =

M1A1 (2)

(c)
2 1
or 0.2
10 5
w
z
= =
B1 (1)

(d)
5
arg ,
4 6 12
w
z


= =



5
or 2
12
n

M1,A1 (2)
[6]


Notes for Question 2
(a)
B1 for 10 z = no working needed

(b)
M1 for
5
arg arctan
5 3
z

=

, ( )
5
tan arg
5 3
z = ,
5 3
arg arctan
5
z

=

or
( )
5 3
tan arg
5
z = OR use their z with sin or cos used correctly
A1 for or 2
6 6
n



=


(must be 4th quadrant)

(c)
B1 for
2 1
or or 0.2
10 5
w
z
=

(d)
M1 for arg arg
4
w
z
z

=


using their arg z

A1 for
5
12

5
or 2
12
n

Alternative for (d):
Find
( ) ( )
6 2 6 2 i
20
w
z
+ +
=

6 2
tan arg
6 2
w
z
+
=


M1 from their
w
z


arg
5
12
w
z

=


A1 cao

Work for (c) and (d) may be seen together give B and A marks only if modulus and argument are
clearly identified
ie
1 5 5
cos i sin
5 12 12


+


alone scores B0M1A0

Question
Number
Scheme Marks
3 ( )
2
2
d 1
0 sin 0 4 2
d 2
y
x
x
= = = B1


( )
3
3
d d
4 cos 0
d d
y y
x
x x
+ = M1

( )
3
3
d 1 1
0 cos 0 4
d 8 2
y
x
x
= = = A1

( )
2 2 3 3
0 2 3
0
0 0
d d d
....
d 2! d 3! d
y x y x y
y y x
x x x


= + + + +




M1 (2! or 2
and 3! or 6)


( ) ( )
2 3
1 1 1
2
2 8 2 6 2
x x
y x = + + +


3
2
1
2 8 12
x x
y x = + + A1 cao [5]

Alt:

2 3
1
...
2 8
x
y ax bx = + + + + B1


2 6 ... y a bx = + +
M1
Diff twice



2 3
1
2 6 ... sin ...
2 8
x
a bx x ax bx

+ + = + + +



A1 Correct
differentiation
and equation
used


2 2 0 1 a a + = =
M1


1 1
6 1
2 12
b b + = =


3
2
1
2 8 12
x x
y x = + + A1cao


Notes for Question 3
B1 for
2
2
0
d
2
d
y
x

=


wherever seen

M1 for attempting the differentiation of the given equation. To obtain ( )
3
3
d d
cos 0
d d
y y
k x
x x
= oe

A1 for substituting 0 x = to obtain
3
3
0
d 1
d 2
y
x

=



M1 for using the expansion ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 3
f f 0 f 0 f 0 f 0
2 ! 3!
x x
y x x = = + + +

with their values
for
3 2
3 2
d d
and
d d
y y
x x
. Factorial can be omitted in the x
2
term but must be shown explicitly in the
x
3
term or implied by further working eg using 6.

A1cao for
3
2
1
2 8 12
x x
y x = + + (Ignore any higher powers included) Exact decimals
allowed. Must include y =.


Alternative:
B1 for
2 3
1
...
2 8
x
y ax bx = + + + +

M1 for differentiating this twice to get 2 6 .... y a bx = + + (may not be completely correct)

A1 for correct differentiation and using the given equation and the expansion of
sin x to get
3
1
2 6 .... ... 4 ...
3 2 8
x x
a bx x


+ + = + + +





M1 for equating coefficients to obtain a value for a or b

A1 cao for
3
2
1
2 8 12
x x
y x = + + (Ignore any higher powers included)

Question
Number
Scheme Marks
4
(a)
Assume true for n k = : ( ) cos i sin
k k
z r k k = +



1 n k = + :
( ) ( ) ( )
1
cos i sin cos i sin
k k k
z z z r k k r
+
= = + +
M1

( ) ( )
1
cos cos sin sin i sin cos cos sin
k
r k k k k
+
= + +
M1

( ) ( ) ( )
1
cos 1 i sin 1
k
r k k
+
= + + +
M1depA1cso


if true for n k = , also true for 1 n k = +



1 k = ( )
1 1
cos i sin z r = + ; True for 1 n = true for all n
A1cso (5)



Alternative: See notes for use of
i
e r

form


(b)
3 3
3 cos i sin
4 4
w

= +






5 5
15 15
3 cos i sin
4 4
w

= +


M1


5
1 1 243 2 243 2
243 i i or
2 2 2 2
w


= =





oe A1 (2)
[7]

Notes for Question 4
(a)
NB: Allow each mark if n, n + 1 used instead of k, k + 1

M1 for using the result for n k = to write
( ) ( ) ( )
1
cos i sin cos i sin
k k k
z z z r k k r
+
= = + +

M1 for multiplying out and collecting real and imaginary parts, using
2
i 1 =
OR using sum of arguments and product of moduli to get ( ) ( ) ( )
1
cos i sin
k
r k k
+
+ + +

M1dep for using the addition formulae to obtain single cos and sin terms
OR factorise the argument ( ) ( ) ( )
1
cos 1 i sin 1
k
r k k
+
+ + +
Dependent on the second M mark.
A1cso for
( ) ( ) ( )
1
cos 1 i sin 1
k
r k k
+
+ + + Only give this mark if all previous steps are
fully correct.

A1cso All 5 underlined statements must be seen



Alternative: Using Euler's form

( )
i
cos sin e z r i r

= + =
M1 May not be seen explicitly
( )
1 i i i i
e e e e
k
k k k k
z z z r r r r
+
= = =

M1
( ) i 1 1
e
k k
r
+ +
=
M1dep on 2
nd
M mark
( ) ( ) ( )
1
cos 1 i sin 1
k
r k k
+
= + + +
A1cso
( )
1 1
1 cos i sin k z r = = +

True for 1 n = true for all n etc A1 cso All 5 underlined statements must be
seen




(b)
M1 for attempting to apply de Moivre to w or attempting to expand
5
w and collecting real and
imaginary parts, but no need to simplify these.

A1cao for
1 1 243 2 243 2
243 i i
2 2 2 2


=





(oe eg
5
3 instead of 243)

Question
Number
Scheme Marks
5
(a)
d
2 4
d
y y
x
x x
+ = M1


I F:
( )
2
d
2ln 2
e e
x
x
x
x

= =
M1


2 3
d
2 4
d
y
x xy x
x
+ = M1dep

( )
2 3 4
4 d yx x x x c = = +

M1dep


2
2
c
y x
x
= + A1cso (5)


(b)
1, 5 4 x y c = = =
M1


2
2
4
y x
x
= + A1ft (2)

(c)
3
d 8
2
d
y
x
x x
=


4
d
0 4 , 2
d
y
x x
x
= = = or
4
4 M1,A1


4
2 4
2
y = + = A1cao

Alt: Complete square on y = ... or use the original differential
equation
M1



2, 4 x y = = A1,A1


B1 shape

B1 turning
points shown
somewhere
(5)


[12]
( )
2, 4

( )
2, 4

Notes for Question 5
(a)
M1 for dividing the given equation by x May be implied by subsequent work.
M1 for IF=
( )
2
d
2ln 2
e e
x
x
x
x

= =
2
dx
x

must be seen together with an attempt at integrating this.

ln x must be seen in the integrated function.
M1dep for multiplying the equation
d
2 4
d
y y
x
x x
+ = by their IF dep on 2nd M mark

M1dep for attempting the integration of the resulting equation - constant not needed. Dep on 2nd
and 3rd M marks
A1cso for
2
2
c
y x
x
= + oe eg
2 4
yx x c = +
Alternative: for first three marks: Multiply given equation by x to get straight to the third line. All 3
M marks should be given.

(b)
M1 for using 1, 5 x y = = in their expression for y to obtain a value for c

A1ft for
2
2
4
y x
x
= + follow through their result from (a)

(c)
M1 for differentiating their result from (b), equating to 0 and solving for x
A1 for 2 x = (no follow through) or
4
4 No extra real values allowed but ignore any
imaginary roots shown.

A1cao for using the particular solution to obtain 4 y = . No extra values allowed.

Alternatives for these 3 marks:
M1 for making
d
0
d
y
x
= in the given differential equation to get
2
2 y x = and using this with their
particular solution to obtain an equation in one variable
OR complete the square on their particular solution to get
2
2
4 y x
x

= +



A1 for 2 x = (no follow through)

A1cao for 4 y = No extra values allowed


B1 for the correct shape - must have two minimum points and two branches, both asymptotic to
the y-axis

B1 for a fully correct sketch with the coordinates of the minimum points shown somewhere on or
beside the sketch. Decimals accepted here.

Question
Number
Scheme Marks
6
(a)
2
2 6 5 5 2 x x x + = M1


2
2 8 10 0 x x + =




2
4 5 0 x x + =

( )( ) 5 1 0 or by formula x x + =
M1


5, 1 x x = =
A1


2
2 6 5 5 2 x x x + = M1


2
2 4 0 x x + = A1


0 2 x x = =
A1 (6)

(b)
B1 line

B1 quad
curve

B1ft (on x-
coords from
(a)) (3)





-5 -2 O 1 x


(c)
5, 2 0, 1 x x x < < < >
B1,B1,B1 (3)

Special case: Deduct the last B mark earned1 if or used [12]









Notes for Question 6
(a)NB: Marks for (a) can only be awarded for work shown in (a):
M1 for
2
2 6 5 5 2 x x x + =

M1 for obtaining a 3 term quadratic and attempting to solve by factorising, formula or completing
the square

A1 for 5, 1 x x = =

M1 for considering the part of the quadratic that needs to be reflected ie for
2
2 6 5 5 2 x x x + =
oe
A1 for a correct 2 term quadratic, terms in any order
2
2 4 0 x x + = oe

A1 for 0 2 x x = =

NB: The question demands that algebra is used, so solutions which do not show how the roots have
been obtained will score very few if any marks, depending on what is written on the page.

Alternative: Squaring both sides:
M1 Square both sides and simplify to a quartic expression
M1 Take out the common factor x
A1 x, a correct linear factor and a correct quadratic factor
M1 x and 3 linear factors
A1 any two of the required values
A1 all 4 values correct

(b)
B1 for a line drawn, with negative gradient, crossing the positive y-axis

B1 for the quadratic curve, with part reflected and the correct shape. It should cross the y-axis at
the same point as the line and be pointed where it meets the x-axis (ie not U-shaped like a
turning point)

B1ft for showing the x coordinates of the points where the line crosses the curve. They can be
shown on the x-axis as in the MS (accept O for 0) or written alongside the points as long as it
is clear the numbers are the x coordinates
The line should cross the curve at all the crossing points found and no others for this mark to
be given.

(c)NB: No follow through for these marks
B1 for any one of 5, 2 0, 1 x x x < < < > correct

B1 for a second one of these correct

B1 for the third one correct

Special case: if or is used, deduct the last B mark earned.

Question
Number
Scheme Marks
7
(a)
d d
d d
y v
v x
x x
= + M1


2 2
2 2
d d d d
d d d d
y v v v
x
x x x x
= + + M1A1

( )
2
2 2 4
2
d d d
4 2 8 8 4
d d d
v v v
x x x v x x xv x
x x x


+ + + + =




M1


2
3 3 4
2
d
4 4
d
v
x x v x
x
+ = M1


2
2
d
4 4
d
v
v x
x
+ = * A1 (6)


See end for an alternative for (a)


(b)
2
4 4 0 + =


2
1 = oe M1A1


( ) cos sin v C x D x = +
( ) ( )
i i
or e e
x x
v A B

= +
A1


P.I: Try ( ) v kx l = +



2
2
d d
0
d d
v v
k
x x
= = M1

( ) ( )
4 0 4 kx l x + + =
M1dep

( )
1
0
4
k l = =


1
cos sin
4
v C x D x x = + +
i i
1
or e e
4
x x
v A B x

= + +



A1 (6)

(c)
1
cos sin
4
y x C x D x x

= + +



i i
1
or e e
4
x x
y x A B x

= + +


B1ft (1)


Question 7 continued
Alternative for (a):

y
v
x
=


2
d d 1 1
d d
v y
y
x x x x
= M1


2 2
2 2 2 2 3
d d 1 d 1 d 1 1
2
d d d d
v y y y
y
x x x x x x x x
= + M1A1


2 2
3 2
2 2
d d d
2 2
d d d
v y y
x x x y
x x x
= + M1


2 2
3 3 2 2 4
2 2
d d d
4 4 4 8 8 4
d d d
v y y
x x v x x y x y x
x x x
+ = + + = M1


2
2
d
4 4
d
v
v x
x
+ = * A1

Notes for Question 7
(a)
M1 for attempting to differentiate y xv = to get
d
d
y
x
- product rule must be used
M1 for differentiating their
d
d
y
x
to obtain an expression for
2
2
d
d
y
x
- product rule must be used

A1 for
2 2
2 2
d d d d
d d d d
y v v v
x
x x x x
= + +

M1 for substituting their
2
2
d d
and
d d
y y
x x
and y xv = in the original equation to obtain a differential
equation in v and x

M1 for collecting the terms to have at most a 4 term equation - 4 terms only if a previous error
causes
d
d
v
x
to be included, otherwise 3 terms
A1cao and cso for
2
2
d
4 4
d
v
v x
x
+ = *

Alternative: (see end of mark scheme)
M1 for writing
y
v
x
= and attempting to differentiate by quotient or product rule to get
d
d
v
x


M1 for differentiating their
d
d
v
x
to obtain an expression for
2
2
d
d
v
x
- product or quotient rule must
be used

A1 for
2 2
2 2 2 2 3
d d 1 d 1 d 1 1
2
d d d d
v y y y
y
x x x x x x x x
= +

M1 for multiplying their
2
2
d
d
v
x
by x
3

M1 for multiplying by 4 and adding
2
4x y to each side and equating to x
4
(as rhs is now identical
to the original equation.

A1cao and cso for
2
2
d
4 4
d
v
v x
x
+ = *
(b)
M1 for forming the auxiliary equation and attempting to solve

A1 for
2
1 = oe
A1 for the complementary function in either form. Award for a correct CF even if i = only is
shown.


Notes for Question 7 continued
M1 for trying one of , 1 v kx k = or v kx l = + and
2
v mx kx l = + + as a PI and obtaining
2
2
d d
and
d d
v v
x x


M1dep for substituting their differentials in the equation
2
2
d
4 4
d
v
v x
x
+ = . Award M0 if the
original equation is used. Dep on 2nd M mark of (b)

A1cao for obtaining the correct result (either form)
(c)
B1ft for reversing the substitution to get
1
cos sin
4
y x C x D x x

= + +



i i
1
or e e
4
x x
y x A B x

= + +


follow through their answer to (b)



Question
Number
Scheme Marks
8 (a) ( ) sin sin2 sin y r a = =
M1

( )
d
2cos 2 sin sin 2 cos
d
y
a

= +



M1depA1

( )
2
d
2 sin cos 2 cos
d
y
a

= +



M1

At P ( )
2 2
d
0 sin 0 n/a or 2cos 1 cos 0
d
y

= = + =
M1 sin 0 =
not needed

2
3cos 1 =

1
cos
3
=

*
A1cso

(6)

(b) sin 2 2 sin cos r a a = =


1 1 2
2 1 2
3 3 3
r a a

= =


M1A1 (2)

(c) Area =
2 2 2
0 0
1 1
d sin 2 d
2 2
r a

=

M1

( )
2
0
1 1
1 cos 4 d
2 2
a

=

M1


2
0
1 1
sin 4
4 4
a

=


M1A1


( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
4sin cos 2cos 1
4 4
a

=



M1dep on 2
nd

M mark


2
1 1 2 1 2
arccos 1
4 3 3 3 3
a


=






M1 dep (all
Ms)


2
1 1
9arccos 2
36 3
a

+


* A1 (7)
[15]
Notes for Question 8
(a)
M1 for obtaining the y coordinate sin sin 2 sin y r a = =
M1dep for attempting the differentiation to obtain
d
d
y

Product rule and/or chain rule must

be used; sin to become cos ( cos to become sin ). The 2 may be omitted. Dependent on the
first M mark.
A1 for correct differentiation eg ( )
d
2cos 2 sin sin 2 cos
d
y
a

= + oe
M1 for using sin 2 2sin cos = anywhere in their solution to (a)
M1 for setting
d
0
d
y

= and getting a quadratic factor with no

2
sin included.
Alternative: Obtain a quadratic in sin or tan and complete to cos = later.
A1cso for
1
cos
3
=

or
1
cos
3
=

*

Question 8 (a) Variations you may see:
y = rsin = asin2sin
y = asin2sin y = 2asin
2
cos y = 2a(cos cos
3
)

dy/d = a(2cos2sin + sin2cos)
= a(2cos2sin + 2sincos
2
)
= 2asin(cos2 + cos
2
)
= 2asin(3cos
2
-1)
or = 2asin(2cos
2
sin
2
)
or = 2asin(2 3sin
2
)

dy/d = 2a(2sincos
2

sin
3
)
= 2asin(2cos
2

sin
2
)


dy/d = 2a(-sin +3sincos
2
)
= 2asin(3cos
2
-1)

At P: dy/d = 0 => sin = 0 or:

2cos
2
sin
2
= 0

3cos
2
1 = 0 2 3sin
2
= 0

tan
2
= 2

cos
2
= 1/3 sin
2
= 2/3

tan = 2 => cos =
3
1


cos =
3
1

Sin =
3
2
=
3
6
=> cos =
3
1


(b)
M1 for using sin 2 2sin cos = ,
2 2
cos sin 1 + = and
1
cos
3
=

in sin 2 r a = to obtain a
numerical multiple of a for R. Need not be simplified.
A1cao for
2
2
3
R a =
Can be done on a calculator. Completely correct answer with no working scores 2/2; incorrect
answer with no working scores 0/2



Notes for Question 8 continued
(c)
M1 for using the area formula
2 2 2
0 0
1 1
d sin 2 d
2 2
r a

=

Limits not needed
M1 for preparing
2
sin 2 d

for integration by using

2
cos2 1 2sin x x =
M1 for attempting the integration: cos 4 to become sin 4 - the
1
4
may be missing but
inclusion of 4 implies differentiation - and the constant to become k . Limits not needed.
A1 for
2
1 1
sin 4
4 4
a

=


Limits not needed
M1dep for changing their integrated function to an expression in sin and cos and substituting
limits 0 and . Dependent on the second M mark of (c)

M1dep for a numerical multiple of a
2
for the area. Dependent on all previous M marks of (c)
A1cso for
2
1 1
9arccos 2
36 3
a

+


*
This is a given answer, so check carefully that it can be obtained from the previous step in
their working.

Also: The final 3 marks can only be awarded if the working is shown ie sin 4 cannot be obtained
by calculator.







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