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Answers For Section 1 Spring 2009: Answer: X 50 MM

This document contains sample questions and answers for a section on turbulent boundary layers. Q1 asks to calculate the transition location for a flat plate boundary layer based on given parameters. The answer provided is x = 50 mm. Q2 asks to calculate the average velocity and volumetric flow rate for a pipe flow based on the Reynolds number for transition and other given values. The answers provided are Uav = 0.046 m/s and Q = 0.090 L/s. Q3 has two parts: (a) derives an expression for pressure coefficient around a circular cylinder based on Bernoulli's equation, and (b) calculates drag coefficient based on an integral of pressure around the cylinder, giving the answer

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23 views2 pages

Answers For Section 1 Spring 2009: Answer: X 50 MM

This document contains sample questions and answers for a section on turbulent boundary layers. Q1 asks to calculate the transition location for a flat plate boundary layer based on given parameters. The answer provided is x = 50 mm. Q2 asks to calculate the average velocity and volumetric flow rate for a pipe flow based on the Reynolds number for transition and other given values. The answers provided are Uav = 0.046 m/s and Q = 0.090 L/s. Q3 has two parts: (a) derives an expression for pressure coefficient around a circular cylinder based on Bernoulli's equation, and (b) calculates drag coefficient based on an integral of pressure around the cylinder, giving the answer

Uploaded by

ettypasewang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Answers for Section 1

Spring 2009

Q1.
Data:
U = 150 m s1
= 1.510-5 m2 s1 (air)
For a flat-plate boundary layer, transition occurs at a Reynolds number (based on free-stream
velocity and streamwise distance) of
U x
Re x ,tr =
= 5 10 5

x = Re x ,tr

= 5 10 5

1.5 10 5
150

= 0.05 m

Answer: x = 50 mm

Q2.
Data:
D = 0.05 m
= 1.0106 m2 s1 (water)
For a smooth-walled pipe, transition occurs at a Reynolds number (based on average velocity
and diameter) of
U D
Re tr = av
= 2300
Hence

1.0 10 6
U av = Re tr
= 2300
= 0.046 m s 1
D
0.05
2
D
0.05 2
Q = U av
= 0.046
= 9.032 10 5 m 3 s 1
4
4

Answer: Uav = 0.046 m s1; Q = 0.090 L s-1

Q3.
(a) By Bernoulli,
2
P + 1 V 2 = P + 1 U
2
2
Hence,
2
P P = 1 (U V 2 )
2

1
2

2
2
(U 4U sin 2 )

1
2

2
U (1 4 sin 2 )

Hence,

Turbulent Boundary Layers

A2 - 1

David Apsley

P P
= 1 4 sin 2
2
1
2 U
Answer: c P = 1 4 sin 2

(b) Summing over forces on small arc lengths r d , the force per unit span is (using
symmetry),

F = 2 ( P r d ) cos

0
Since a constant pressure P all round the cylinder contributes no overall drag:

= D ( P P ) cos d + ( P P ) cos d
F = 2r ( P P ) cos d
0
0
0

Non-dimensionalising:
0
F

cD 1
= c P cos d
2
0
2 UD

+ c p ( 0 ) cos d
0

+ (1 4 sin 2

) cos d
0

= (1 4 sin 2 ) cos d
0

Hence,

= 8 sin 3
3

sin

3
0

+ (1 4 sin

2
0

) sin

)( sin

= sin

4
3

c D = sin 4 sin 3 + (1 4 sin 2


3

Answer: c D = 8 sin 3
3

= 82 then the above gives


cD = 2.6
This is higher than expected. There is some pressure recovery after separation.
(c) If

Turbulent Boundary Layers

A2 - 2

David Apsley

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