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Che422 542 Class Problem 13

1. A single effect evaporator is designed to concentrate 4500 kg/hr of an 8% caustic soda solution to 36% using steam at 120°C. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 1500 kcal/hr m2°C. 2. Key specifications and equations are provided to design the evaporator, including the boiling point elevation of the solution, feed and product temperatures and properties, and the heat transfer equation. 3. The evaporator tubes are 37.5 mm outer diameter arranged on a 47.65 mm square pitch, with a height of 150 cm and the heating surface is 132 cm below the liquid level. The problem asks to estimate steam consumption and provide essential dimensions of the evapor

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124 views

Che422 542 Class Problem 13

1. A single effect evaporator is designed to concentrate 4500 kg/hr of an 8% caustic soda solution to 36% using steam at 120°C. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 1500 kcal/hr m2°C. 2. Key specifications and equations are provided to design the evaporator, including the boiling point elevation of the solution, feed and product temperatures and properties, and the heat transfer equation. 3. The evaporator tubes are 37.5 mm outer diameter arranged on a 47.65 mm square pitch, with a height of 150 cm and the heating surface is 132 cm below the liquid level. The problem asks to estimate steam consumption and provide essential dimensions of the evapor

Uploaded by

Libbis Sujessy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

CLASS PROBLEM-13, ChE422


On
Evaporation


Prob 1
A singl e effect evaporator operates at 114 mm Hg absolute pressure to concentrate
4500 kg/hr of a 8% soluti on of caustic soda to 36%. Steam is available at 120
0
C and the
overall heat transfer coefficients is 1500 kcal/hr m
2

0
C. The heating surface in the
evaporator is 132 cm bel ow the liquid level. Using following data and equation, design
a suitable evaporator

B.P.R. of solution = 28
0
C
Feed Temperature = 20
0
C
Specifi c heat of feed = 0.96 kcal/kg
0
C
Specifi c heat of Product = 0.82 kcal /kg
0
C
Specifi c gravity of boiling liquid = 1.4
B.P.R. due to hydrostatic head is given by
P
V T
t
S
R R
h
=

827 . 0
Where, t
h
= Hydrostatic elevation of boiling point,
0
C
T
R
= Solution boiling temperature,
0
K
V
R
= Specific volume of water vapour at T
R
, m
2
/kg

S
= Latent heat of vaporization corresponds to saturation pressure, kcal/kg
P = Hydrostatic head, m = (1/2 X Liquid level above heating surface)
Evaporator tubes are 37.5 mm O.D. (34.2 mm I.D.) and of height 150 cm arranged on
47.65 mm square pitch
ESTIMATE STEAM CONSUMPTION AND GIVE ESSENTIAL DIMENTIONS OF THE
EVAPORATOR.


Formula:
Heat transfer equation is
Q = U A T
U = overall heat transfer coefficient in case of boiling
A = area of heat transfer
T = temperature difference between the heating medium and the boiling liquor
Energy balance:

Fh
F
+ SH
S
= EH
E
+ Ph
P
+ S h
C

Or F h
F
+ S
s
= E H
E
+ Ph
P

Where
S = Steam; F = Feed; E = Evaporation; and P = Product
x
F
and x
P
are solute concentrations in feed and product respectivel y.
h
F
= feed enthalpy
h
P
= product enthalpy

s
= latent heat of steam
H
E
= enthalpy of vapour

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