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How A Turbo Works

A turbocharger uses the engine's exhaust gases to spin a turbine, which then spins an air pump to compress more air into the engine. This allows the engine to burn more fuel and produce more power. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and compressor connected by a shaft. The turbine converts waste exhaust energy into compressed air that is pushed into the engine, improving efficiency. The compressor draws in air and spins it at high speeds to increase pressure before entering the engine. Turbochargers can spin at over 150,000 rpm, much faster than engines, using exhaust heat to boost air pressure and enable more fuel burning for higher power output.

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Subhojit Samonta
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235 views

How A Turbo Works

A turbocharger uses the engine's exhaust gases to spin a turbine, which then spins an air pump to compress more air into the engine. This allows the engine to burn more fuel and produce more power. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and compressor connected by a shaft. The turbine converts waste exhaust energy into compressed air that is pushed into the engine, improving efficiency. The compressor draws in air and spins it at high speeds to increase pressure before entering the engine. Turbochargers can spin at over 150,000 rpm, much faster than engines, using exhaust heat to boost air pressure and enable more fuel burning for higher power output.

Uploaded by

Subhojit Samonta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How A Turbocharger Works

Copyright 2008, Cummins Turbo Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.


Holset and the Holset Logo are registered trade marks of Cummins Turbo Technologies Ltd.
Cummins and the Cummins logo are registered trade marks of Cummins Inc.
Part No. 3677407 Rev.02 Ref. MS/MW Effect Date: 09:08
www.cummins.com/turbos
The purpose of a turbocharger is to
compress the air owing into the diesel
engine, this lets the engine squeeze more air
into a cylinder and more air means that more
fuel can be added. The engine burns air and
fuel to create mechanical power, the more air
and fuel it can burn the more powerful it is.
In simple terms, a turbocharger comprises
a turbine and a compressor connected by
a common shaft supported on a bearing
system. The turbocharger converts waste
energy from an engines exhaust gases into
compressed air, which it pushes into the
engine. This allows the engine to burn more
fuel producing more power and improve the
overall efciency of the combustion process.
The turbine consists of two components; the
turbine wheel and the collector, commonly
referred to as the turbine housing. The
exhaust gas is guided into the turbine wheel
by the housing. The energy in the exhaust
gas turns the turbine. Once the gas has
passed through the blades of the wheel it
leaves the turbine housing via the exhaust
outlet area.

Compressors are the opposite of turbines.
They consist of two sections; the impeller
or compressor wheel and the compressor
housing. The compressor wheel is connected
to the turbine by a forged steel shaft. As the
compressor wheel spins, air is drawn in and
is compressed as the blades spin at a high
velocity. The housing is designed to convert
the high velocity, low pressure air stream, into a
high pressure low velocity air stream, through a
process called diffusion.
In order to achieve this boost, the turbocharger
uses the exhaust ow from the engine to spin
a turbine, which in turn spins an air pump. The
turbine in the turbocharger spins at speeds of
up to 150,000 rotations per minute (rpm) that
is about 30 times faster than most car engines
can go. Since it is connected to the exhaust, the
temperatures in the turbine are also very high.
Air enters the compressor at a temperature
equivalent to atmosphere. However, as
compression causes the temperature of the
air to rise it leaves the compressor cover at
temperatures up to 200C.
The turbocharger bearing system is lubricated
by oil from the engine. The oil is fed under
pressure into the bearing housing, through to
the journal bearings and thrust system. The
oil also acts as a coolant taking away heat
generated by the turbine.
The journal bearings are a free oating rotational
type. To perform correctly, the journal bearings
should oat between a lm of oil. The bearing
clearances are very small, less than the width
of a human hair. Dirty oil or blockages in the oil
supply holes can cause serious damage to the
turbocharger.
Developed by Cummins Turbo Technologies,
Holset turbochargers now have a critical role in
the performance of an engine system.
Bearing Housing
Turbine Housing
Wastegate Valve Assembly
Actuator
Boost Hose Compressor Housing
Oil Bafe
Turbine Wheel
Thrust Bearing
Oil Slinger Seal Ring
Wastegate Actuator
Bracket
Thrust Collar
O Ring Seal
Compressor Wheel
Oil Seal Plate Turbine Heat Shield
Cover Plate
Journal Bearing
Seal Ring

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