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PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B: 8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers With A/D Converter

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

66 views

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B: 8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers With A/D Converter

Uploaded by

roquecardan

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B

8-Bit CMOS Microcontrollers with A/D Converter

PIC16C63A

PIC16C73B

PIC16C65B

PIC16C74B

PIC16CXX Microcontroller Core Features:

High performance RISC CPU
Only 35 single word instructions to learn
All single cycle instructions except for program
branches which are two cycle
Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input
DC - 200 ns instruction cycle
4 K x 14 words of Program Memory,
192 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM)
Interrupt capability
Eight-level deep hardware stack
Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes
Power-on Reset (POR)
Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up
Timer (OST)
Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC
oscillator for reliable operation
Programmable code protection
Power-saving SLEEP mode
Selectable oscillator options
Low power, high speed CMOS EPROM
technology
Wide operating voltage range: 2.5V to 5.5V
High Sink/Source Current 25/25 mA
Commercial, Industrial and Automotive
temperature ranges
Low power consumption:
- < 5 mA @ 5V, 4 MHz
- 23 A typical @ 3V, 32 kHz
- < 1.2 A typical standby current
Devices

I/O
Pins

A/D
Chan.

PSP

22
33
22
33

5
8

No
Yes
No
Yes

Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler

Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler
can be incremented during SLEEP via external
crystal/clock
Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period
register, prescaler and postscaler
Capture, Compare, PWM modules
- Capture is 16-bit, max. resolution is 200 ns
- Compare is 16-bit, max. resolution is 200 ns
- PWM max. resolution is 10-bit
8-bit multichannel Analog-to-Digital converter
Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPITM
and I2CTM
Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter (USART/SCI)
Parallel Slave Port (PSP), 8-bits wide with
external RD, WR and CS controls
Brown-out detection circuitry for Brown-out Reset
(BOR)

Pin Diagram:
PDIP, Windowed CERDIP
MCLR/VPP
RA0/AN0
RA1/AN1
RA2/AN2
RA3/AN3/VREF
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/SS/AN4
RE0/RD/AN5
RE1/WR/AN6
RE2/CS/AN7
VDD
VSS
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RD0/PSP0
RD1/PSP1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21

RB7
RB6
RB5
RB4
RB3
RB2
RB1
RB0/INT
VDD
VSS
RD7/PSP7
RD6/PSP6
RD5/PSP5
RD4/PSP4
RC7/RX/DT
RC6/TX/CK
RC5/SDO
RC4/SDI/SDA
RD3/PSP3
RD2/PSP2

Interrupts

PIC16C63A
PIC16C65B
PIC16C73B
PIC16C74B

PIC16C7X Peripheral Features:

PIC16C65B
PIC16C74B

Devices included in this data sheet:

10
11
11
12

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 1

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
SDIP, SOIC, Windowed CERDIP

5
6
7
8
9
10

20
19
17
16

RA3/AN3/VREF
RA2/AN2
RA1/AN1
RA0/AN0
MCLR/VPP
NC
RB7
RB6
RB5
RB4
NC

MQFP
TQFP
RB3
RB2
RB1
RB0/INT
VDD
VSS
RD7/PSP7
RD6/PSP6
RD5/PSP5
RD4/PSP4
RC7/RX/DT

39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29

PIC16C65B
PIC16C74B

Key Features
PICmicro Mid-Range MCU Family
Reference Manual (DS33023)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

PIC16C65B
PIC16C74B

33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23

NC
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
OSC2/CLKOUT
OSC1/CLKIN
VSS
VDD
RE2/CS/AN7
RE1/WR/AN6
RE0/RD/AN5
RA5/SS/AN4
RA4/T0CKI

NC
NC
RB4
RB5
RB6
RB7
MCLR/VPP
RA0/AN0
RA1/AN1
RA2/AN2
RA3/AN3/VREF

RC7/RX/DT
RD4/PSP4
RD5/PSP5
RD6/PSP6
RD7/PSP7
VSS
VDD
RB0/INT
RB1
RB2
RB3

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RD0/PSP0
RD1/PSP1
RD2/PSP2
RD3/PSP3
RC4/SDI/SDA
RC5/SDO
RC6/TX/CK
NC

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

RA4/T0CKI
RA5/SS/AN4
RE0/RD/AN5
RE1/WR/AN6
RE2/CS/AN7
VDD
VSS
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
NC

6
5
4
3
2
1
44
43
42
41
40

PLCC

RC6/TX/CK
RC5/SDO
RC4/SDI/SDA
RD3/PSP3
RD2/PSP2
RD1/PSP1
RD0/PSP0
RC3/SCK/SCL
RC2/CCP1
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
NC

44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34

RB7
RB6
RB5
RB4
RB3
RB2
RB1
RB0/INT
VDD
VSS
RC7/RX/DT
RC6/TX/CK
RC5/SDO
RC4/SDI/SDA

PIC16C63A
PIC16C73B

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

MCLR/VPP
RA0/AN0
RA1/AN1
RA2/AN2
RA3/AN3/VREF
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/SS/AN4
VSS
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL

PIC16C63A

PIC16C65B

PIC16C73B

PIC16C74B

Program Memory (EPROM) x 14

Data Memory (Bytes) x 8

192

Pins

Parallel Slave Port

Yes

Capture/Compare/PWM Modules

Timer Modules

A/D Channels

8
2

Serial Communication

SPI/I C, USART

In-Circuit Serial Programming

Yes

SPI/I C, USART
Yes

Brown-out Reset

Yes

Interrupt Sources

Packages

28-pin SDIP, SOIC,

SSOP,
Windowed CERDIP

40-pin PDIP;
44-pin PLCC,
MQFP, TQFP,
Windowed CERDIP

28-pin SDIP, SOIC,

SSOP,
Windowed CERDIP

40-pin PDIP;
44-pin PLCC,
MQFP, TQFP,
Windowed CERDIP

DS30605C-page 2

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
Table of Contents
1.0 General Description...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B Device Varieties ................................................................................................................................. 7
3.0 Architectural Overview ................................................................................................................................................................. 9
4.0 Memory Organization ................................................................................................................................................................. 15
5.0 I/O Ports ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
6.0 Timer0 Module ........................................................................................................................................................................... 39
7.0 Timer1 Module ........................................................................................................................................................................... 43
8.0 Timer2 Module ........................................................................................................................................................................... 47
9.0 Capture/Compare/PWM Modules .............................................................................................................................................. 49
10.0 Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) Module ..................................................................................................................................... 55
11.0 Addressable Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART)................................................................ 65
12.0 Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module ................................................................................................................................. 79
13.0 Special Features of the CPU...................................................................................................................................................... 85
14.0 Instruction Set Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ 99
15.0 Development Support............................................................................................................................................................... 107
16.0 Electrical Characteristics .......................................................................................................................................................... 113
17.0 DC and AC Characteristics Graphs and Tables....................................................................................................................... 139
18.0 Packaging Information.............................................................................................................................................................. 153
Appendix A: Revision History ........................................................................................................................................................ 165
Appendix B: Device Differences..................................................................................................................................................... 165
Appendix C: Device Migrations - PIC16C63/65A/73A/74A PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B ............................................................. 166
Appendix D: Migration from Baseline to Mid-Range Devices......................................................................................................... 168
On-Line Support................................................................................................................................................................................. 175
Reader Response .............................................................................................................................................................................. 176
Product Identification System ............................................................................................................................................................ 177

TO OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS

It is our intention to provide our valued customers with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip
products. To this end, we will continue to improve our publications to better suit your needs. Our publications will be refined and
enhanced as new volumes and updates are introduced.
If you have any questions or comments regarding this publication, please contact the Marketing Communications Department via
E-mail at [email protected] or fax the Reader Response Form in the back of this data sheet to (480) 792-4150.
We welcome your feedback.

Most Current Data Sheet

To obtain the most up-to-date version of this data sheet, please register at our Worldwide Web site at:
http://www.microchip.com
You can determine the version of a data sheet by examining its literature number found on the bottom outside corner of any page.
The last character of the literature number is the version number, (e.g., DS30000A is version A of document DS30000).

Errata
An errata sheet, describing minor operational differences from the data sheet and recommended workarounds, may exist for current
devices. As device/documentation issues become known to us, we will publish an errata sheet. The errata will specify the revision
of silicon and revision of document to which it applies.
To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please check with one of the following:
Microchips Worldwide Web site; http://www.microchip.com
Your local Microchip sales office (see last page)
The Microchip Corporate Literature Center; U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277
When contacting a sales office or the literature center, please specify which device, revision of silicon and data sheet (include literature number) you are using.

Customer Notification System

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 3

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 4

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
1.0

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B devices are low cost,

high performance, CMOS, fully-static, 8-bit microcontrollers in the PIC16CXX mid-range family.
All PICmicro microcontrollers employ an advanced
RISC architecture. The PIC16CXX microcontroller
family has enhanced core features, eight-level deep
stack and multiple internal and external interrupt
sources. The separate instruction and data buses of
the Harvard architecture allow a 14-bit wide instruction
word with the separate 8-bit wide data. The two stage
instruction pipeline allows all instructions to execute in
a single cycle, except for program branches, which
require two cycles. A total of 35 instructions (reduced
instruction set) are available. Additionally, a large register set gives some of the architectural innovations
used to achieve a very high performance.
The PIC16C63A/73B devices have 22 I/O pins. The
PIC16C65B/74B devices have 33 I/O pins. Each
device has 192 bytes of RAM. In addition, several
peripheral features are available, including: three timer/
counters, two Capture/Compare/PWM modules, and
two serial ports. The Synchronous Serial Port (SSP)
can be configured as either a 3-wire Serial Peripheral
Interface (SPI) or the two-wire Inter-Integrated Circuit
(I 2C) bus. The Universal Synchronous Asynchronous
Receiver Transmitter (USART) is also known as the
Serial Communications Interface or SCI. Also, a 5channel high speed 8-bit A/D is provided on the
PIC16C73B, while the PIC16C74B offers 8 channels.
The 8-bit resolution is ideally suited for applications
requiring low cost analog interface, e.g., thermostat
control, pressure sensing, etc.
The PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B devices have special
features to reduce external components, thus reducing
cost, enhancing system reliability and reducing power
consumption. There are four oscillator options, of which
the single pin RC oscillator provides a low cost solution,
the LP oscillator minimizes power consumption, XT is
a standard crystal, and the HS is for high speed crystals. The SLEEP (power-down) feature provides a
power-saving mode. The user can wake-up the chip
from SLEEP through several external and internal
interrupts and RESETS.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

A highly reliable Watchdog Timer (WDT), with its own

on-chip RC oscillator, provides protection against software lockup, and also provides one way of waking the
device from SLEEP.
A UV erasable CERDIP packaged version is ideal for
code development, while the cost effective One-TimeProgrammable (OTP) version is suitable for production
in any volume.
The PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B devices fit nicely in
many applications ranging from security and remote
sensors to appliance control and automotive. The
EPROM technology makes customization of application programs (transmitter codes, motor speeds,
receiver frequencies, etc.) extremely fast and convenient. The small footprint packages make this microcontroller series perfect for all applications with space
limitations. Low cost, low power, high performance,
ease of use and I/O flexibility make the PIC16C63A/
65B/73B/74B devices very versatile, even in areas
where no microcontroller use has been considered
before (e.g., timer functions, serial communication,
capture and compare, PWM functions and coprocessor
applications).

1.1

Family and Upward Compatibility

Users familiar with the PIC16C5X microcontroller family will realize that this is an enhanced version of the
PIC16C5X architecture. Please refer to Appendix A for
a detailed list of enhancements. Code written for the
PIC16C5X can be easily ported to the PIC16CXX family of devices (Appendix B).

1.2

Development Support

PICmicro devices are supported by the complete line

of Microchip Development tools.
Please refer to Section 15.0 for more details about
Microchips development tools.

DS30605C-page 5

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 6

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
2.0

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
DEVICE VARIETIES

A variety of frequency ranges and packaging options

are available. Depending on application and production
requirements, the proper device option can be selected
using the information in the PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
Product Identification System section at the end of this
data sheet. When placing orders, please use that page
of the data sheet to specify the correct part number.
For the PIC16C7X family, there are two device types
as indicated in the device number:
1.

2.1

C, as in PIC16C74. These devices have

EPROM type memory and operate over the
standard voltage range.
LC, as in PIC16LC74. These devices have
EPROM type memory and operate over an
extended voltage range.

UV Erasable Devices

The UV erasable version, offered in windowed CERDIP

packages, is optimal for prototype development and
pilot programs. This version can be erased and
reprogrammed to any of the oscillator modes.

2.3

Quick-Turnaround-Production
(QTP) Devices

Microchip offers a QTP Programming Service for factory production orders. This service is made available
for users who choose not to program a medium to high
quantity of units and whose code patterns have stabilized. The devices are identical to the OTP devices but
with all EPROM locations and configuration options
already programmed by the factory. Certain code and
prototype verification procedures apply before production shipments are available. Please contact your local
Microchip Technology sales office for more details.

2.4

Serialized Quick-Turnaround
Production (SQTPSM) Devices

Microchip offers a unique programming service where

a few user-defined locations in each device are programmed with different serial numbers. The serial numbers may be random, pseudo-random or sequential.
Serial programming allows each device to have a
unique number, which can serve as an entry code,
password or ID number.

Microchip's PICSTART Plus and PRO MATE II

programmers both support programming of the
PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B.

2.2

One-Time-Programmable (OTP)
Devices

The availability of OTP devices is especially useful for

customers who need the flexibility for frequent code
updates and small volume applications.
The OTP devices, packaged in plastic packages, permit the user to program them once. In addition to the
program memory, the configuration bits must also be
programmed.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 7

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 8

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
3.0

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

The high performance of the PIC16CXX family can be

attributed to a number of architectural features commonly found in RISC microprocessors. To begin with,
the PIC16CXX uses a Harvard architecture, in which
program and data are accessed from separate memories using separate buses. This improves bandwidth
over traditional von Neumann architecture, in which
program and data are fetched from the same memory
using the same bus. Separating program and data
buses further allows instructions to be sized differently
than the 8-bit wide data word. Instruction opcodes are
14-bits wide, making it possible to have all single word
instructions. A 14-bit wide program memory access
bus fetches a 14-bit instruction in a single cycle. A
two-stage pipeline overlaps fetch and execution of
instructions (Example 3-1). Consequently, most
instructions execute in a single cycle (200 ns @
20 MHz) except for program branches.
All devices covered by this data sheet contain
4K x 14-bit program memory and 192 x 8-bit data
memory.

PIC16CXX devices contain an 8-bit ALU and working

register. The ALU is a general purpose arithmetic unit.
It performs arithmetic and Boolean functions between
the data in the working register and any register file.
The ALU is 8-bits wide and capable of addition, subtraction, shift and logical operations. Unless otherwise
mentioned, arithmetic operations are two's complement in nature. In two-operand instructions, typically
one operand is the working register (W register). The
other operand is a file register or an immediate constant. In single operand instructions, the operand is
either the W register or a file register.
The W register is an 8-bit working register used for ALU
operations. It is not an addressable register.
Depending on the instruction executed, the ALU may
affect the values of the Carry (C), Digit Carry (DC), and
Zero (Z) bits in the STATUS register. The C and DC bits
operate as a borrow bit and a digit borrow out bit,
respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF
instructions for examples.

The PIC16CXX can directly, or indirectly, address its

register files or data memory. All Special Function Registers, including the program counter, are mapped in
the data memory. The PIC16CXX has an orthogonal
(symmetrical) instruction set that makes it possible to
carry out any operation on any register using any
addressing mode. This symmetrical nature and lack of
special optimal situations make programming with the
PIC16CXX simple yet efficient. In addition, the learning
curve is reduced significantly.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 9

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 3-1:

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B BLOCK DIAGRAM

Data Bus

Program Counter

PORTA
RA0/AN0(2)
RA1/AN1(2)
RA2/AN2(2)
RA3/AN3/VREF(2)
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/SS/AN4(2)

EPROM
Program
Memory

Program
Bus

RAM
File
Registers

8 Level Stack
(13-bit)

RAM Addr(1)

PORTB

Addr MUX

Instruction reg
Direct Addr

RB0/INT
Indirect
Addr

RB7:RB1

FSR reg
STATUS reg

PORTC

8
3

Power-up
Timer
Instruction
Decode &
Control
Timing
Generation
OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT

Oscillator
Start-up Timer
Power-on
Reset
Watchdog
Timer
Brown-out
Reset

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
RC2/CCP1
RC3/SCK/SCL
RC4/SDI/SDA
RC5/SDO
RC6/TX/CK
RC7/RX/DT

MUX

ALU
8

PORTD(3)
RD0/PSP0
RD1/PSP1
RD2/PSP2
RD3/PSP3
RD4/PSP4
RD5/PSP5
RD6/PSP6
RD7/PSP7

W reg

Parallel Slave Port

MCLR

VDD, VSS

(3)

PORTE(3)
RE0/RD/AN5(2,3)

Timer0

Timer1

Timer2

A/D(2)

RE1/WR/AN6(2,3)
RE2/CS/AN7(2,3)

CCP1

CCP2

Synchronous
Serial Port

USART

Note 1: Higher order bits are from the STATUS register.

2: A/D is not available on the PIC16C63A/65B.
3: PSP and Ports D and E are not available on PIC16C63A/73B.

DS30605C-page 10

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 3-1:

PIC16C63A/73B PINOUT DESCRIPTION

Pin Name

DIP
Pin#

SOIC
Pin#

I/O/P
Type

Buffer
Type

Description

ST/CMOS(3) Oscillator crystal input/external clock source input.

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in

crystal oscillator mode. In RC mode, the OSC2 pin outputs
CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1, and denotes
the instruction cycle rate.

MCLR/VPP

I/P

Master clear (RESET) input or programming voltage input.

This pin is an active low RESET to the device.

RA0/AN0(4)

I/O

TTL

RA0 can also be analog input 0(4).

RA1/AN1(4)

I/O

TTL

RA1 can also be analog input 1(4).

RA2/AN2(4)

I/O

TTL

RA2 can also be analog input 2(4).

RA3/AN3/VREF(4)

I/O

TTL

RA3 can also be analog input 3 or analog reference

voltage(4).

RA4/T0CKI

I/O

RA4 can also be the clock input to the Timer0 module.

Output is open drain type.

RA5/SS/AN4(4)

I/O

TTL

RA5 can also be analog input 4(4) or the slave select for
the synchronous serial port.

PORTA is a bi-directional I/O port.

PORTB is a bi-directional I/O port. PORTB can be software

programmed for internal weak pull-up on all inputs.
RB0/INT

I/O

TTL/ST(1)

RB1

I/O

TTL

RB2

I/O

TTL

RB3

I/O

TTL

RB4

I/O

TTL

RB5

I/O

TTL

RB6

I/O

TTL/ST(2)

RB7

I/O

TTL/ST(2)

RB0 can also be the external interrupt pin.

Interrupt-on-change pin.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
Interrupt-on-change pin. Serial programming clock.
Interrupt-on-change pin. Serial programming data.
PORTC is a bi-directional I/O port.

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI

I/O

RC0 can also be the Timer1 oscillator output or Timer1

clock input.

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

I/O

RC1 can also be the Timer1 oscillator input or Capture2

input/Compare2 output/PWM2 output.

RC2/CCP1

I/O

RC2 can also be the Capture1 input/Compare1

output/PWM1 output.

RC3/SCK/SCL

I/O

RC3 can also be the synchronous serial clock input/output

for both SPI and I2C modes.

RC4/SDI/SDA

I/O

RC4 can also be the SPI Data In (SPI mode) or

data I/O (I2C mode).

RC5/SDO

I/O

RC5 can also be the SPI Data Out (SPI mode).

RC6/TX/CK

I/O

RC6 can also be the USART Asynchronous Transmit

or Synchronous Clock.

RC7/RX/DT

I/O

RC7 can also be the USART Asynchronous Receive

or Synchronous Data.

VSS

8, 19

Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.

VDD

Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.

Legend: I = input
O = output
I/O = input/output
P = power
= Not used
TTL = TTL input
ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.
4: A/D module is not available in the PIC16C63A.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 11

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 3-2:

PIC16C65B/74B PINOUT DESCRIPTION

TQFP
I/O/P
MQFP
Type
Pin#

DIP
Pin#

PLCC
Pin#

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or resonator in

crystal oscillator mode. In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs
CLKOUT which has 1/4 the frequency of OSC1, and
denotes the instruction cycle rate.

MCLR/VPP

I/P

Master clear (RESET) input or programming voltage input.

This pin is an active low RESET to the device.

Pin Name

Buffer
Type

Description

ST/CMOS(4) Oscillator crystal input/external clock source input.

PORTA is a bi-directional I/O port.

(5)

RA0/AN0

I/O

TTL

RA0 can also be analog input 0(5).

RA1/AN1(5)

I/O

TTL

RA1 can also be analog input 1(5).

(5)

RA2/AN2

I/O

TTL

RA2 can also be analog input 2(5).

RA3/AN3/VREF(5)

I/O

TTL

RA3 can also be analog input 3 or analog reference

voltage(5).

RA4/T0CKI

I/O

RA4 can also be the clock input to the Timer0 timer/

counter. Output is open drain type.

RA5/SS/AN4(5)

I/O

TTL

RA5 can also be analog input 4(5) or the slave select for
the synchronous serial port.
PORTB is a bi-directional I/O port. PORTB can be software
programmed for internal weak pull-up on all inputs.

I/O

TTL/ST(1)

I/O

TTL

I/O

TTL

RB0/INT

RB1

RB2

RB3

I/O

TTL

RB4

I/O

TTL

RB0 can also be the external interrupt pin.

Interrupt-on-change pin.

RB5

I/O

TTL

RB6

I/O

TTL/ST(2)

Interrupt-on-change pin. Serial programming clock.

Interrupt-on-change pin.

RB7

I/O

TTL/ST(2)

Interrupt-on-change pin. Serial programming data.

Legend: I = input
O = output
I/O = input/output
P = power
= Not used
TTL = TTL input
ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as general purpose I/O and a TTL input when used in the Parallel
Slave Port mode (for interfacing to a microprocessor bus).
4: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.
5: A/D is not available on the PIC16C65B.

DS30605C-page 12

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 3-2:

PIC16C65B/74B PINOUT DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)

TQFP
I/O/P
MQFP
Type
Pin#

Pin Name

DIP
Pin#

PLCC
Pin#

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI

I/O

RC0 can also be the Timer1 oscillator output or a

Timer1 clock input.

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

I/O

RC1 can also be the Timer1 oscillator input or Capture2

input/Compare2 output/PWM2 output.

RC2/CCP1

I/O

RC2 can also be the Capture1 input/Compare1 output/

PWM1 output.

RC3/SCK/SCL

I/O

RC3 can also be the synchronous serial clock input/

output for both SPI and I2C modes.

RC4/SDI/SDA

I/O

RC4 can also be the SPI Data In (SPI mode) or

data I/O (I2C mode).

RC5/SDO

I/O

RC5 can also be the SPI Data Out

(SPI mode).

RC6/TX/CK

I/O

RC6 can also be the USART Asynchronous Transmit or

Synchronous Clock.

RC7/RX/DT

I/O

RC7 can also be the USART Asynchronous Receive or

Synchronous Data.

Buffer
Type

Description
PORTC is a bi-directional I/O port.

PORTD is a bi-directional I/O port or parallel slave port

when interfacing to a microprocessor bus.
RD0/PSP0

I/O

ST/TTL(3)

RD1/PSP1

I/O

ST/TTL(3)

RD2/PSP2

I/O

ST/TTL(3)

RD3/PSP3

I/O

ST/TTL(3)

RD4/PSP4

I/O

ST/TTL(3)

RD5/PSP5

I/O

ST/TTL(3)

RD6/PSP6

I/O

ST/TTL(3)

RD7/PSP7

I/O

ST/TTL(3)
(3)

RE0 can also be read control for the parallel slave port,
or analog input 5(5).

PORTE is a bi-directional I/O port.

(5)

I/O

ST/TTL

RE1/WR/AN6(5)

I/O

ST/TTL(3)

RE1 can also be write control for the parallel slave port,
or analog input 6(5).

RE2/CS/AN7(5)

I/O

ST/TTL(3)

RE2 can also be select control for the parallel slave

port, or analog input 7(5).

RE0/RD/AN5

VSS

12,31

13,34

6,29

Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.

VDD

11,32

12,35

7,28

Positive supply for logic and I/O pins.

1,17,28,
40

12,13,
33,34

These pins are not internally connected. These pins should

be left unconnected.

Legend: I = input
O = output
I/O = input/output
P = power
= Not used
TTL = TTL input
ST = Schmitt Trigger input
Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.
3: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as general purpose I/O and a TTL input when used in the Parallel
Slave Port mode (for interfacing to a microprocessor bus).
4: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured in RC oscillator mode and a CMOS input otherwise.
5: A/D is not available on the PIC16C65B.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 13

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
3.1

Clocking Scheme/Instruction
Cycle

3.2

Instruction Flow/Pipelining

An Instruction Cycle consists of four Q cycles (Q1,

Q2, Q3 and Q4). The instruction fetch and execute are
pipelined such that fetch takes one instruction cycle,
while decode and execute takes another instruction
cycle. However, due to the pipelining, each instruction
effectively executes in one cycle. If an instruction
causes the program counter to change (e.g., GOTO),
then two cycles are required to complete the instruction
(Example 3-1).

The clock input (from OSC1) is internally divided by

four to generate four non-overlapping quadrature
clocks, namely Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Internally, the program counter (PC) is incremented every Q1, the
instruction is fetched from the program memory and
latched into the instruction register in Q4. The instruction is decoded and executed during the following Q1
through Q4. The clocks and instruction execution flow
is shown in Figure 3-2.

A fetch cycle begins with the program counter (PC)

incrementing in Q1.
In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is latched
into the Instruction Register" (IR) in cycle Q1. This
instruction is then decoded and executed during the
Q2, Q3 and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read during Q2
(operand read) and written during Q4 (destination
write).

FIGURE 3-2:

CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE
Q1

OSC1
Q1
Internal
phase
clock

Q2
Q3
Q4
PC
OSC2/CLKOUT
(RC mode)

EXAMPLE 3-1:

PC+1

Fetch INST (PC)

Execute INST (PC-1)

Fetch INST (PC+1)

Execute INST (PC)

TCY1

Fetch 1

Execute 1

2. MOVWF PORTB
3. CALL

SUB_1

4. BSF

PORTA, BIT3 (Forced NOP)

5. Instruction @ address SUB_1

Note:

Fetch INST (PC+2)

Execute INST (PC+1)

INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW

TCY0

1. MOVLW 55h

PC+2

Fetch 2

TCY2

TCY3

TCY4

TCY5

Execute 2
Fetch 3

Execute 3
Fetch 4

Flush
Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1

All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles, since the fetch instruction is
flushed from the pipeline, while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.

DS30605C-page 14

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
4.0

MEMORY ORGANIZATION

4.2

4.1

Program Memory Organization

The data memory is partitioned into multiple banks

which contain the General Purpose Registers (GPR)
and the Special Function Registers (SFR). Bits RP1
and RP0 are the bank select bits.

The PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B has a 13-bit program

counter capable of addressing an 8K x 14 program
memory space. All devices covered by this data sheet
have 4K x 14 bits of program memory. The address
range is 0000h - 0FFFh for all devices.
Accessing a location above 0FFFh will cause a wraparound.
The RESET vector is at 0000h and the interrupt vector
is at 0004h.

FIGURE 4-1:

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
PROGRAM MEMORY MAP
AND STACK
PC<12:0>

CALL,RETURN
RETFIE,RETLW

RP1:RP0 (STATUS<6:5>)
= 00 Bank0
= 01 Bank1
= 10 Bank2
= 11 Bank3
Each bank extends up to 7Fh (128 bytes). The lower
locations of each bank are reserved for the SFRs.
Above the SFRs are GPRs, implemented as static
RAM.
All implemented banks contain SFRs. Frequently used
SFRs from one bank may be mirrored in another bank
for code reduction and quicker access.
Note:

4.2.1
Stack Level 1

Maintain the IRP and RP1 bits clear in

these devices.

GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER

FILE

The register file can be accessed either directly, or indirectly, through the File Select Register (FSR)
(Section 4.5).

Stack Level 8
RESET Vector

User Memory
Space

Data Memory Organization

0000h

Interrupt Vector

0004h
0005h

On-chip Program
Memory (Page 0)

07FFh
On-chip Program
Memory (Page 1)

0800h

0FFFh
1000h

1FFFh

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 15

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 4-2:

REGISTER FILE MAP

File
Address
00h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
08h
09h
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
0Eh
0Fh
10h
11h
12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
1Dh
1Eh
1Fh
20h

File
Address

INDF(1)
TMR0
PCL
STATUS
FSR
PORTA
PORTB
PORTC
PORTD(2)
PORTE(2)
PCLATH
INTCON
PIR1
PIR2
TMR1L
TMR1H
T1CON
TMR2
T2CON
SSPBUF
SSPCON
CCPR1L
CCPR1H
CCP1CON
RCSTA
TXREG
RCREG
CCPR2L
CCPR2H
CCP2CON
ADRES(3)
ADCON0(3)

INDF(1)
OPTION_REG
PCL
STATUS
FSR
TRISA
TRISB
TRISC
TRISD(2)
TRISE(2)
PCLATH
INTCON
PIE1
PIE2
PCON

PR2
SSPADD
SSPSTAT

TXSTA
SPBRG

ADCON1(3)

General
Purpose
Register

SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS

The Special Function Registers are registers used by

the CPU and Peripheral Modules for controlling the
desired operation of the device. These registers are
implemented as static RAM.
The Special Function Registers can be classified into
two sets (core and peripheral). Those registers associated with the core functions are described in this section, and those related to the operation of the peripheral
features are described in the section of that peripheral
feature.

General
Purpose
Register

Bank 0

80h
81h
82h
83h
84h
85h
86h
87h
88h
89h
8Ah
8Bh
8Ch
8Dh
8Eh
8Fh
90h
91h
92h
93h
94h
95h
96h
97h
98h
99h
9Ah
9Bh
9Ch
9Dh
9Eh
9Fh
A0h

4.2.2

Bank 1

FFh

7Fh

Unimplemented data memory locations, read as 0.

Note 1: Not a physical register.
2: These registers are not implemented on the
PIC16C63A/73B, read as '0'.
3: These registers are not implemented on the
PIC16C63A/65B, read as '0'.

DS30605C-page 16

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 4-1:
Address

SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR, BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS(3)

Bank 0
00h

INDF(4)

01h
02h

Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register)

0000 0000 0000 0000

TMR0

Timer0 modules register

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

PCL(4)

Program Counter's (PC) Least Significant Byte

0000 0000 0000 0000

03h

STATUS

04h

(4)

FSR(4)

05h

(2)

RP1

RP0

Indirect data memory address pointer

PORTA

06h

IRP

(2)

PORTB

0001 1xxx 000q quuu

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

PORTA Data Latch when written: PORTA pins when read

--0x 0000 --0u 0000

PORTB Data Latch when written: PORTB pins when read

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

07h

PORTC

PORTC Data Latch when written: PORTC pins when read

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

08h

PORTD(5)

PORTD Data Latch when written: PORTD pins when read

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

09h

PORTE(5)

0Ah

PCLATH(1,4)

0Bh

INTCON(4)

0Ch

PIR1

0Dh

PIR2

0Eh

TMR1L

Holding register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 register

0Fh

TMR1H

Holding register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 register

10h

T1CON

11h

TMR2

12h

T2CON

13h

SSPBUF

14h

SSPCON

15h

CCPR1L

Capture/Compare/PWM Register1 (LSB)

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

16h

CCPR1H

Capture/Compare/PWM Register1 (MSB)

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

17h

CCP1CON

18h

RCSTA

19h

TXREG

USART Transmit Data register

0000 0000 0000 0000

1Ah

RCREG

USART Receive Data register

0000 0000 0000 0000

1Bh

CCPR2L

Capture/Compare/PWM Register2 (LSB)

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

1Ch

CCPR2H

Capture/Compare/PWM Register2 (MSB)

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

1Dh

CCP2CON

1Eh

ADRES(6)

1Fh

ADCON0

RE2

RE1

RE0

Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter

---- -xxx ---- -uuu

---0 0000 ---0 0000

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x 0000 000u

PSPIF(5)

ADIF(6)

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

TMR2IF

TMR1IF

0000 0000 0000 0000

CCP2IF

---- ---0 ---- ---0

T1CKPS1

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN

T1SYNC

TMR1CS

TMR1ON --00 0000 --uu uuuu

TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0

TMR2ON

T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000

Timer2 modules register

0000 0000 0000 0000

Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit Register

WCOL

SSPOV

SSPEN

CKP

SSPM3

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

SSPM2

SSPM1

(6)

CCP1X

CCP1Y

CCP1M3

CCP1M2

CCP1M1

SPEN

RX9

SREN

CREN

FERR

OERR

CCP2X

CCP2Y

CCP2M3

CCP2M2

CCP2M1

SSPM0

CCP1M0 --00 0000 --00 0000

RX9D

ADCS0

0000 -00x 0000 -00x

CCP2M0 --00 0000 --00 0000

A/D Result register

ADCS1

0000 0000 0000 0000

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

CHS2

CHS1

CHS0

GO/DONE

ADON

0000 00-0 0000 00-0

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as 0.

Shaded locations are unimplemented, read as 0.
Note 1: The upper byte of the program counter is not directly accessible. PCLATH is a holding register for the PC<12:8>.
2: The IRP and RP1 bits are reserved; always maintain these bits clear.
3: Other (non power-up) RESETS include external RESET through MCLR and Watchdog Timer Reset.
4: These registers can be addressed from either bank.
5: PORTD, PORTE and the parallel slave port are not implemented on the PIC16C63A/73B; always maintain these bits and
registers clear.
6: The A/D is not implemented on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits and registers clear.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 17

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 4-1:
Address

SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER SUMMARY (CONTINUED)

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR, BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS(3)

Bank 1
80h

INDF(4)

81h

OPTION_REG

82h

PCL(4)

Addressing this location uses contents of FSR to address data memory (not a physical register)
RBPU

INTEDG

T0CS

T0SE

PSA

PS2

PS1

PS0

Program Counters (PC) Least Significant Byte

(4)

IRP

(2)

RP1

RP0

0000 0000 0000 0000

1111 1111 1111 1111
0000 0000 0000 0000

83h

STATUS

84h

FSR(4)

85h

TRISA

86h

TRISB

PORTB Data Direction register

1111 1111 1111 1111

87h

TRISC

PORTC Data Direction register

1111 1111 1111 1111

88h

TRISD(5)

PORTD Data Direction register

1111 1111 1111 1111

89h

TRISE(5)

IBF

OBF

IBOV

8Ah

PCLATH(1,4)

8Bh

INTCON(4)

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x 0000 000u

8Ch

PIE1

PSPIE(5)

ADIE(6)

RCIE

TXIE

SSPIE

CCP1IE

TMR2IE

TMR1IE

0000 0000 0000 0000

8Dh

PIE2

CCP2IE

---- ---0 ---- ---0

8Eh

PCON

POR

BOR

---- --qq ---- --uu

Indirect data memory address pointer

0001 1xxx 000q quuu

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

PORTA Data Direction Register

PSPMODE

--11 1111 --11 1111

PORTE Data Direction bits

0000 -111 0000 -111

Write Buffer for the upper 5 bits of the Program Counter

---0 0000 ---0 0000

8Fh

Unimplemented

90h

Unimplemented

91h

Unimplemented

92h

PR2

Timer2 Period register

93h

SSPADD

Synchronous Serial Port (I2C mode) Address register

94h

SSPSTAT

1111 1111 1111 1111

D/A

0000 0000 0000 0000

R/W

--00 0000 --00 0000

95h

Unimplemented

96h

Unimplemented

97h
98h

TXSTA

99h

CSRC

SPBRG

TX9

TXEN

SYNC

BRGH

TRMT

TX9D

Baud Rate Generator register

0000 -010 0000 -010

0000 0000 0000 0000

9Ah

Unimplemented

9Bh

Unimplemented

9Ch

Unimplemented

9Dh

Unimplemented

9Eh

Unimplemented

9Fh

ADCON1

(6)

PCFG2

PCFG1

PCFG0

---- -000 ---- -000

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, q = value depends on condition, - = unimplemented, read as 0.

DS30605C-page 18

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
4.2.2.1

STATUS Register

The STATUS register, shown in Register 4-1, contains

the arithmetic status of the ALU, the RESET status and
the bank select bits for data memory.
The STATUS register can be the destination for any
instruction, as with any other register. If the STATUS register is the destination for an instruction that affects the Z,
DC or C bits, then the write to these three bits is disabled.
These bits are set or cleared according to the device
logic. Furthermore, the TO and PD bits are not writable.
Therefore, the result of an instruction with the STATUS
register as destination may be different than intended.

It is recommended that only BCF, BSF, SWAPF and

MOVWF instructions be used to alter the STATUS register. These instructions do not affect the Z, C or DC bits
in the STATUS register. For other instructions which do
not affect status bits, see the "Instruction Set Summary."
Note 1: These devices do not use bits IRP and
RP1 (STATUS<7:6>), maintain these bits
clear to ensure upward compatibility with
future products.
2: The C and DC bits operate as borrow and
digit borrow bits, respectively, in subtraction. See the SUBLW and SUBWF instructions for examples.

For example, CLRF STATUS will clear the upper three

bits and set the Z bit. This leaves the STATUS register
as 000u u1uu (where u = unchanged).

STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS 03h, 83h)

R/W-0
IRP(1)
bit 7

R/W-0
RP1(1)

R/W-0
RP0

R-1
TO

R-1
PD

R/W-x
Z

R/W-x
DC

R/W-x
C(2)
bit 0

bit 7

IRP(1): Register Bank Select bit (used for indirect addressing)

1 = Bank 2, 3 (100h - 1FFh)
0 = Bank 0, 1 (00h - FFh)

bit 6-5

RP1(1):RP0: Register Bank Select bits (used for direct addressing)

11 = Bank 3 (180h - 1FFh)
10 = Bank 2 (100h - 17Fh)
01 = Bank 1 (80h - FFh)
00 = Bank 0 (00h - 7Fh)
Each bank is 128 bytes

bit 4

TO: Time-out bit

1 = After power-up, CLRWDT instruction, or SLEEP instruction
0 = A WDT time-out occurred

bit 3

PD: Power-down bit

1 = After power-up or by the CLRWDT instruction
0 = By execution of the SLEEP instruction

bit 2

Z: Zero bit
1 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero
0 = The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero

bit 1

DC: Digit carry/borrow bit (ADDWF,ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions) (for borrow the polarity
is reversed)
1 = A carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the 4th low order bit of the result

bit 0

C(2): Carry/borrow bit (ADDWF,ADDLW,SUBLW,SUBWF instructions)

1 = A carry-out from the most significant bit of the result occurred
0 = No carry-out from the most significant bit of the result occurred
Note 1: Maintain the IRP and RP1 bits clear.
2: For borrow and digit borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by
adding the twos complement of the second operand. For rotate (RRF,RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either the high or low order bit of the source register.
Legend:
R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

x = Bit is unknown

DS30605C-page 19

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
4.2.2.2

OPTION Register

Note:

The OPTION_REG register is a readable and writable

register, which contains various control bits to configure
the TMR0/WDT prescaler, the external INT Interrupt,
TMR0 and the weak pull-ups on PORTB.

To achieve a 1:1 prescaler assignment for

the TMR0 register, assign the prescaler to
the watchdog timer.

OPTION_REG REGISTER (ADDRESS 81h)

R/W-1
RBPU
bit 7

R/W-1
INTEDG

R/W-1
T0CS

R/W-1
T0SE

R/W-1
PSA

R/W-1
PS2

bit 7

INTEDG: Interrupt Edge Select bit

1 = Interrupt on rising edge of RB0/INT pin
0 = Interrupt on falling edge of RB0/INT pin

bit 5

T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit

1 = Transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT)

bit 4

T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit

1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on RA4/T0CKI pin
0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on RA4/T0CKI pin

bit 3

PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit

1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT
0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module

bit 2-0

R/W-1
PS0
bit 0

RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit

1 = PORTB pull-ups are disabled
0 = PORTB pull-ups are enabled by individual port latch values

bit 6

R/W-1
PS1

PS2:PS0: Prescaler Rate Select bits

Bit Value

TMR0 Rate

000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111

1:2
1:4
1:8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
1 : 256

WDT Rate
1:1
1:2
1:4
1:8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128

Legend:
R = Readable bit

DS30605C-page 20

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

x = Bit is unknown

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
4.2.2.3

INTCON Register

Note:

The INTCON register is a readable and writable register, which contains various enable and flag bits for the
TMR0 register overflow, RB Port change and external
RB0/INT pin interrupts.

Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt

condition occurs, regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit, or the global
enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>). User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits are clear prior to enabling an
interrupt.

INTCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Bh, 8Bh)

R/W-0
GIE
bit 7

R/W-0
PEIE

R/W-0
T0IE

R/W-0
INTE

R/W-0
RBIE

R/W-0
T0IF

R/W-0
INTF

bit 7

GIE: Global Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables all unmasked interrupts
0 = Disables all interrupts

bit 6

PEIE: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts
0 = Disables all peripheral interrupts

bit 5

T0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the TMR0 interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR0 interrupt

bit 4

INTE: RB0/INT External Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the RB0/INT external interrupt
0 = Disables the RB0/INT external interrupt

bit 3

RBIE: RB Port Change Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the RB port change interrupt
0 = Disables the RB port change interrupt

bit 2

T0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit

1 = TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR0 register did not overflow

bit 1

INTF: RB0/INT External Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The RB0/INT external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = The RB0/INT external interrupt did not occur

bit 0

R/W-x
RBIF
bit 0

RBIF: RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit

1 = At least one of the RB7:RB4 pins changed state(1)
0 = None of the RB7:RB4 pins have changed state
Note 1: A mismatch condition will exist until PORTB is read. After reading PORTB, the RBIF
flag bit can be cleared.
Legend:
R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

x = Bit is unknown

DS30605C-page 21

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
4.2.2.4

PIE1 Register

Note:

This register contains the individual enable bits for the

peripheral interrupts.

Bit PEIE (INTCON<6>) must be set to

enable any peripheral interrupt.

PIE1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Ch)

R/W-0
PSPIE(1)
bit 7

R/W-0
ADIE(2)

R/W-0
RCIE

R/W-0
TXIE

R/W-0
SSPIE

bit 7

RCIE: USART Receive Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the USART receive interrupt
0 = Disables the USART receive interrupt

bit 4

TXIE: USART Transmit Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the USART transmit interrupt
0 = Disables the USART transmit interrupt

bit 3

SSPIE: Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the SSP interrupt
0 = Disables the SSP interrupt

bit 2

CCP1IE: CCP1 Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the CCP1 interrupt
0 = Disables the CCP1 interrupt

bit 1

TMR2IE: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt

bit 0

R/W-0
TMR1IE
bit 0

ADIE(2): A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the A/D interrupt
0 = Disables the A/D interrupt

bit 5

R/W-0
TMR2IE

PSPIE(1): Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the PSP read/write interrupt
0 = Disables the PSP read/write interrupt

bit 6

R/W-0
CCP1IE

TMR1IE: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the TMR1 overflow interrupt
0 = Disables the TMR1 overflow interrupt
Note 1: PIC16C63A/73B devices do not have a parallel slave port implemented; always
maintain this bit clear.
2: PIC16C63A/65B devices do not have an A/D implemented; always maintain this bit
clear.
Legend:
R = Readable bit

DS30605C-page 22

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

x = Bit is unknown

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
4.2.2.5

PIR1 Register

Note:

This register contains the individual flag bits for the

peripheral interrupts.

Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt

PIR1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Ch)

R/W-0
PSPIF(1)
bit 7

R/W-0
ADIF(2)

R-0
RCIF

R-0
TXIF

R/W-0
SSPIF

R/W-0
CCP1IF

R/W-0
TMR2IF

bit 7

PSPIF(1): Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Flag bit

1 = A read or a write operation has taken place (must be cleared in software)
0 = No read or write has occurred

bit 6

ADIF(2): A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit

1 = An A/D conversion completed (must be cleared in software)
0 = The A/D conversion is not complete

bit 5

RCIF: USART Receive Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The USART receive buffer is full (clear by reading RCREG)
0 = The USART receive buffer is empty

bit 4

TXIF: USART Transmit Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The USART transmit buffer is empty (clear by writing to TXREG)
0 = The USART transmit buffer is full

bit 3

SSPIF: Synchronous Serial Port Interrupt Flag bit

1 = The transmission/reception is complete (must be cleared in software)
0 = Waiting to transmit/receive

bit 2

CCP1IF: CCP1 Interrupt Flag bit

Capture mode:
1 = A TMR1 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1 = A TMR1 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR1 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode

bit 1

TMR2IF: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit

1 = TMR2 to PR2 match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0 = No TMR2 to PR2 match occurred

bit 0

R/W-0
TMR1IF
bit 0

TMR1IF: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit

1 = TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0 = TMR1 register did not overflow
Note 1: PIC16C63A/73B devices do not have a parallel slave port implemented. This bit location is reserved on these devices.
2: PIC16C63A/65B devices do not have an A/D implemented. This bit location is
reserved on these devices.
Legend:
R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

x = Bit is unknown

DS30605C-page 23

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
4.2.2.6

PIE2 Register

This register contains the individual enable bit for the

CCP2 peripheral interrupt.

PIE2 REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Dh)

U-0

bit 7

U-0

bit 7-1

U-0

R/W-0
CCP2IE
bit 0

Unimplemented: Read as '0'

bit 0

U-0

CCP2IE: CCP2 Interrupt Enable bit

1 = Enables the CCP2 interrupt
0 = Disables the CCP2 interrupt
Legend:
R = Readable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

4.2.2.7

W = Writable bit
1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

PIR2 Register

Note:

This register contains the CCP2 interrupt flag bit.

x = Bit is unknown

Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt

PIR2 REGISTER (ADDRESS 0Dh)

U-0

bit 7

U-0

bit 7-1

Unimplemented: Read as '0'

bit 0

R/W-0
CCP2IF
bit 0

CCP2IF: CCP2 Interrupt Flag bit

DS30605C-page 24

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

x = Bit is unknown

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
4.2.2.8

PCON Register

Note:

The Power Control (PCON) register contains flag bits

to allow differentiation between a Power-on Reset
(POR), a Brown-out Reset (BOR), a Watchdog Reset
(WDT) and an external MCLR Reset.

BOR is unknown on POR. It must be set by

the user and checked on subsequent
RESETS to see if BOR is clear, indicating
a brown-out has occurred. The BOR status
bit is a don't care and is not predictable if
the brown-out circuit is disabled (by clearing the BODEN bit in the configuration
word).

PCON REGISTER (ADDRESS 8Eh)

U-0

bit 7

U-0

R/W-0
POR

R/W-q
BOR
bit 0

bit 7-2

Unimplemented: Read as '0'

bit 1

POR: Power-on Reset Status bit

1 = No Power-on Reset occurred
0 = A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs)

bit 0

BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit

1 = No Brown-out Reset occurred
0 = A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Brown-out Reset occurs)
Legend:
R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

x = Bit is unknown

DS30605C-page 25

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
4.3

PCL and PCLATH

The program counter (PC) is 13-bits wide. The low byte

comes from the PCL register, which is a readable and
writable register. The upper bits (PC<12:8>) are not
readable, but are indirectly writable through the
PCLATH register. On any RESET, the upper bits of the
PC will be cleared. Figure 4-3 shows the two situations
for the loading of the PC. The upper example in the figure shows how the PC is loaded on a write to PCL
(PCLATH<4:0> PCH). The lower example in the figure shows how the PC is loaded during a CALL or GOTO
instruction (PCLATH<4:3> PCH).

FIGURE 4-3:

LOADING OF PC IN
DIFFERENT SITUATIONS

PCH

PCL

PC
8

PCLATH<4:0>

Instruction with
PCL as
Destination
ALU

PCLATH
PCH
12

11 10

PCL
8

GOTO,CALL

PCLATH<4:3>

11
Opcode <10:0>

PCLATH

4.3.1

COMPUTED GOTO

A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset

to the program counter (ADDWF PCL). When doing a
table read using a computed GOTO method, care
should be exercised if the table location crosses a PCL
memory boundary (each 256 byte block). Refer to the
application note Implementing a Table Read" (AN556).

4.3.2

Note 1: There are no status bits to indicate stack

overflow or stack underflow conditions.
2: There are no instructions/mnemonics
called PUSH or POP. These are actions
that occur from the execution of the
CALL, RETURN, RETLW, and RETFIE
instructions, or the vectoring to an interrupt address.

4.4

Program Memory Paging

PIC16CXX devices are capable of addressing a continuous 8K word block of program memory. The CALL and
GOTO instructions provide only 11 bits of address to
allow branching within any 2K program memory page.
When executing a CALL or GOTO instruction, the upper
2 bits of the address are provided by PCLATH<4:3>.
When doing a CALL or GOTO instruction, the user must
ensure that the page select bits are programmed, so
that the desired program memory page is addressed. If
a return from a CALL instruction (or interrupt) is executed, the entire 13-bit PC is popped from the stack.
Therefore, manipulation of the PCLATH<4:3> bits are
not required for the return instructions (which POPs the
address from the stack).
Note 1: The contents of PCLATH are unchanged
after a return or RETFIE instruction is
executed. The user must set up PCLATH
for any subsequent CALLs or GOTOs
2: PCLATH<4> is not used in these
PICmicro devices. The use of
PCLATH<4> as a general purpose read/
write bit is not recommended, since this
may affect upward compatibility with
future products.
Example 4-1 shows the calling of a subroutine in
page 1 of the program memory. This example assumes
that PCLATH is saved and restored by the Interrupt
Service Routine (if interrupts are used).

EXAMPLE 4-1:

STACK

The PIC16CXX family has an 8-level deep x 13-bit wide

hardware stack. The stack space is not part of either
program or data space and the stack pointer is not
readable or writable. The PC is PUSHed onto the stack
when a CALL instruction is executed, or an interrupt
causes a branch. The stack is POPed in the event of a
RETURN,RETLW or a RETFIE instruction execution.
PCLATH is not affected by a PUSH or POP operation.
The stack operates as a circular buffer. This means that
after the stack has been PUSHed eight times, the ninth
push overwrites the value that was stored from the first
push. The tenth push overwrites the second push (and
so on).

DS30605C-page 26

ORG
0x500
BSF
PCLATH,3
CALL SUB1_P1
:
:
ORG
0x900
SUB1_P1
:
:
:
RETURN

CALL OF A SUBROUTINE
IN PAGE 1 FROM PAGE 0
;Select page 1 (800h-FFFh)
;Call subroutine in
;page 1 (800h-FFFh)
;page 1 (800h-FFFh)
;called subroutine
;page 1 (800h-FFFh)
;return to Call subroutine
;in page 0 (000h-7FFh)

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
4.5

EXAMPLE 4-2:

Indirect Addressing, INDF and

FSR Registers

The INDF register is not a physical register. Addressing

the INDF register will cause indirect addressing.

movlw
movwf
clrf
incf
btfss
goto

Indirect addressing is possible by using the INDF register. Any instruction using the INDF register actually
accesses the register pointed to by the File Select Register, FSR. Reading the INDF register itself indirectly
(FSR = 0) will read 00h. Writing to the INDF register
indirectly results in a no-operation (although status bits
may be affected). An effective 9-bit address is obtained
by concatenating the 8-bit FSR register and the IRP bit
(STATUS<7>), as shown in Figure 4-4.

INDIRECT ADDRESSING
0x20
FSR
INDF
FSR,F
FSR,4
NEXT

;initialize pointer
;to RAM
;clear INDF register
;inc pointer
;all done?
;no clear next

CONTINUE
:

Note:

;yes continue

Maintain the IRP and RP1 bits clear.

A simple program to clear RAM locations 20h-2Fh

using indirect addressing is shown in Example 4-2.

FIGURE 4-4:

DIRECT/INDIRECT ADDRESSING
Direct Addressing

RP1:RP0

Indirect Addressing

from opcode

IRP

0
bank select

FSR register

0
bank select

location select
00
00h

01
80h

10
100h

location select

11
180h

not used
Data
Memory

7Fh

Bank 0

FFh

Bank 1

17Fh

Bank 2

1FFh

Bank 3

Note 1: For register file map detail, see Figure 4-2.

2: Shaded portions are not implemented; maintain the IRP and RP1 bits clear.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 27

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 28

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
5.0

I/O PORTS

FIGURE 5-1:

Some pins for these I/O ports are multiplexed with an

alternate function for the peripheral features on the
device. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, that
pin may not be used as a general purpose I/O pin.

5.1

PORTA and TRISA Registers

Data
Bus

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
RA3:RA0 AND RA5 PINS

Q
VDD

WR
Port

Data Latch

PORTA is a 6-bit latch.

The RA4/T0CKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input and an
open drain output. All other RA port pins have TTL
input levels and full CMOS output drivers. All pins have
data direction bits (TRIS registers), which can configure these pins as output or input.

D
WR
TRIS

VSS
Analog
Input
mode

TRIS Latch

Setting a TRISA register bit puts the corresponding output driver in a hi-impedance mode. Clearing a bit in the
TRISA register puts the contents of the output latch on
the selected pin(s).

I/O pin(1)

TTL
Input
Buffer

RD TRIS

Reading the PORTA register reads the status of the

pins, whereas writing to it will write to the port latch. All
write operations are read-modify-write operations.
Therefore, a write to a port implies that the port pins are
read, the value is modified and then written to the port
data latch.

Pin RA4 is multiplexed with the Timer0 module clock

input to become the RA4/T0CKI pin.

RD Port

On the PIC16C73B/74B, PORTA pins are multiplexed

with analog inputs and analog VREF input. The operation of each pin is selected by clearing/setting the control bits in the ADCON1 register (A/D Control
Register1).

To A/D Converter

Note:

On all RESETS, pins with analog functions

are configured as analog and digital inputs.

The TRISA register controls the direction of the RA

pins, even when they are being used as analog inputs.
The user must ensure the bits in the TRISA register are
maintained set when using them as analog inputs.

EXAMPLE 5-1:
BCF
CLRF

STATUS, RP0
PORTA

BSF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW

STATUS, RP0
0x06
ADCON1
0xCF

MOVWF

TRISA

Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.

FIGURE 5-2:
Data
Bus
WR
Port

WR
TRIS
Initialize PORTA by
clearing output
data latches
Select Bank 1
Configure all pins
as digital inputs
Value used to
initialize data
direction
Set RA<3:0> as inputs
RA<5:4> as outputs
TRISA<7:6> are always
read as 0.

Data Latch

INITIALIZING PORTA
(PIC16C73B/74B)
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
RA4/T0CKI PIN

I/O pin (1)

VSS
Schmitt
Trigger
Input
Buffer

TRIS Latch

RD TRIS
Q

D
EN
EN

RD Port
TMR0 Clock Input
Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 29

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 5-1:

PORTA FUNCTIONS

Name

Bit#

Buffer

Function

RA0/AN0(1)

bit0

TTL

Digital input/output or analog input.

RA1/AN1(1)

bit1

TTL

Digital input/output or analog input.

bit2

TTL

Digital input/output or analog input.

bit3

TTL

Digital input/output or analog input or VREF.

RA4/T0CKI

bit4

Digital input/output or external clock input for Timer0.

Output is open drain type.

RA5/SS/AN4(1)

bit5

TTL

Input/output or slave select input for synchronous serial port or analog input.

RA2/AN2(1)
RA3/AN3/VREF

(1)

Legend: TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input

Note 1: The A/D is not implemented on the PIC16C63A/65B. Pins will operate as digital I/O only. ADCON1 is not
implemented; maintain this register clear.

TABLE 5-2:
Address

SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

RA5

RA4

RA3

RA2

RA1

RA0

--0x 0000

--0u 0000

--11 1111

---- -000

05h

PORTA

85h

TRISA

9Fh

ADCON1(1)

PORTA Data Direction Register

PCFG2

PCFG1 PCFG0

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by PORTA.
Note 1: The A/D is not implemented on the PIC16C63A/65B. Pins will operate as digital I/O only. ADCON1 is not implemented;
maintain this register clear.

DS30605C-page 30

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
5.2

PORTB and TRISB Registers

PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bi-directional port. The corresponding data direction register is TRISB. Setting a bit
in the TRISB register puts the corresponding output
driver in a hi-impedance input mode. Clearing a bit in
the TRISB register puts the contents of the output latch
on the selected pin(s).
Each of the PORTB pins has a weak internal pull-up. A
single control bit can turn on all the pull-ups. This is performed by clearing bit RBPU (OPTION_REG<7>). The
weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port
pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are disabled on a Power-on Reset.

FIGURE 5-3:

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
RB3:RB0 PINS
VDD

RBPU(2)

Weak

P Pull-up

Data Latch
Data Bus
WR Port

Q
I/O pin(1)

WR TRIS

a)
b)

Any read or write of PORTB. This will end the

mismatch condition.
Clear flag bit RBIF.

A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit RBIF.

Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition, and
allow flag bit RBIF to be cleared.
This interrupt-on-mismatch feature, together with software configurable pull-ups on these four pins, allow
easy interface to a keypad and make it possible for
wake-up on key depression. Refer to the Embedded
Control Handbook, Implementing Wake-up on Key
Stroke (AN552).
The interrupt-on-change feature is recommended for
wake-up on key depression operation and operations
where PORTB is only used for the interrupt-on-change
feature. Polling of PORTB is not recommended while
using the interrupt-on-change feature.
RB0/INT is an external interrupt input pin and is configured using the INTEDG bit (OPTION_REG<6>).
RB0/INT is discussed in detail in Section 13.5.1.

TRIS Latch
D

This interrupt can wake the device from SLEEP. The

user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the
interrupt in the following manner:

TTL
Input
Buffer

FIGURE 5-4:

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
RB7:RB4 PINS
VDD

RBPU(2)

Weak

P Pull-up

RD TRIS
Q
RD Port

Data Bus

WR Port

I/O pin(1)
CK
TRIS Latch
D
Q

RB0/INT
Schmitt Trigger
Buffer
Note

Data Latch
D
Q

RD Port

WR TRIS

TTL
Input
Buffer

1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.

2: To enable weak pull-ups, set the appropriate TRIS
bit(s) and clear the RBPU bit (OPTION_REG<7>).
RD TRIS

Four of PORTBs pins, RB7:RB4, have an

interrupt-on-change feature. Only pins configured as
inputs can cause this interrupt to occur (i.e., any
RB7:RB4 pin configured as an output is excluded from
the interrupt-on-change comparison). The input pins (of
RB7:RB4) are compared with the value latched on the
last read of PORTB. The mismatch outputs of
RB7:RB4 are ORd together to generate the RB Port
Change Interrupt with flag bit RBIF (INTCON<0>).

Latch
D
EN

RD Port

Set RBIF

From other
RB7:RB4 pins

D
RD Port
EN

RB7:RB6 in Serial Programming mode

Note

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

ST
Buffer

1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.

2: To enable weak pull-ups, set the appropriate TRIS
bit(s) and clear the RBPU bit (OPTION_REG<7>).

DS30605C-page 31

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 5-3:

PORTB FUNCTIONS

Name

Bit#

Buffer

RB0/INT

bit0

TTL/ST(1)

Function

RB1

bit1

TTL

Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up.

RB2

bit2

TTL

Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up.

RB3

bit3

TTL

Input/output pin. Internal software programmable weak pull-up.

RB4

bit4

TTL

Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software programmable weak

pull-up.

RB5

bit5

TTL

Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software programmable weak

pull-up.

RB6

bit6

TTL/ST(2)

Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software programmable weak

pull-up. Serial programming clock.

RB7

bit7

TTL/ST(2)

Input/output pin (with interrupt-on-change). Internal software programmable weak

pull-up. Serial programming data.

Input/output pin or external interrupt input. Internal software

programmable weak pull-up.

Legend: TTL = TTL input, ST = Schmitt Trigger input

Note 1: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when configured as the external interrupt.
2: This buffer is a Schmitt Trigger input when used in Serial Programming mode.

TABLE 5-4:
Address

SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

RB7

RB6

RB5

RB4

RB3

RB2

RB1

RB0

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

1111 1111

06h

PORTB

86h

TRISB

PORTB Data Direction register

81h

OPTION_REG

RBPU

INTEDG

T0CS

T0SE

PSA

PS2

PS1

PS0

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged. Shaded cells are not used by PORTB.

DS30605C-page 32

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
5.3

FIGURE 5-5:

PORTC and TRISC Registers

PORTC is an 8-bit bi-directional port. Each pin is individually configurable as an input or output through the
TRISC register. PORTC is multiplexed with several
peripheral functions (Table 5-5). PORTC pins have
Schmitt Trigger input buffers.

PORTC BLOCK DIAGRAM

PORT/PERIPHERAL Select(2)
Peripheral Data Out
Data Bus
WR
Port

When enabling peripheral functions, care should be

taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTC pin. Some
peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an output, while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to
make a pin an input. Since the TRIS bit override is in
effect while the peripheral is enabled, read-modify-write
instructions (BSF, BCF, XORWF) with TRISC as destination should be avoided. The user should refer to the
corresponding peripheral section for the correct TRIS
bit settings.

0
D

P
CK

Data Latch
D

WR
TRIS

I/O pin(1)

Q
Q

TRIS Latch
VSS
Schmitt
Trigger

RD TRIS
Peripheral
OE(3)

Note

D
EN

RD
Port
Peripheral Input

TABLE 5-5:

VDD

1: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.

2: Port/Peripheral select signal selects between port
data and peripheral output.
3: Peripheral OE (output enable) is only activated if
peripheral select is active.

PORTC FUNCTIONS

Name

Bit#

Buffer Type

Function

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI

bit0

Input/output port pin or Timer1 oscillator output/Timer1 clock input.

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

bit1

Input/output port pin or Timer1 oscillator input or Capture2 input/Compare2

output/PWM2 output.

RC2/CCP1

bit2

Input/output port pin or Capture1 input/Compare1 output/PWM1 output.

RC3/SCK/SCL

bit3

RC3 can also be the Synchronous Serial Clock for both SPI and I2C modes.

RC4/SDI/SDA

bit4

RC4 can also be the SPI Data In (SPI mode) or Data I/O (I2C mode).

RC5/SDO

bit5

Input/output port pin or Synchronous Serial Port Data output.

RC6/TX/CK

bit6

Input/output port pin or USART Asynchronous Transmit, or USART

Synchronous Clock.

RC7/RX/DT

bit7

Input/output port pin or USART Asynchronous Receive, or USART

Synchronous Data.

Legend: ST = Schmitt Trigger input

TABLE 5-6:

SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTC

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

07h

PORTC

RC7

RC6

RC5

RC4

RC3

RC2

RC1

RC0

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

87h

TRISC

1111 1111

Address

PORTC Data Direction register

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 33

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
5.4

FIGURE 5-6:

PORTD and TRISD Registers

Note:

Data
Bus

The PIC16C63A and PIC16C73B do not

provide PORTD. The PORTD and TRISD
registers are not implemented.

PORTD BLOCK DIAGRAM

I/O pin(1)

WR
Port

PORTD is an 8-bit port with Schmitt Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually configured as an input or
output.

Data Latch
D

WR
TRIS

PORTD can be configured as an 8-bit wide microprocessor port (parallel slave port) by setting control bit
PSPMODE (TRISE<4>). In this mode, the input buffers
are TTL.

Schmitt
Trigger
Input
Buffer

TRIS Latch

RD TRIS
Q

D
EN
EN

RD Port

Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.

TABLE 5-7:
Name

PORTD FUNCTIONS
Bit#

Buffer Type

Function

(1)

Input/output port pin or parallel slave port bit0

RD0/PSP0

bit0

ST/TTL

RD1/PSP1

bit1

ST/TTL(1)

Input/output port pin or parallel slave port bit1

bit2

ST/TTL

(1)

Input/output port pin or parallel slave port bit2

ST/TTL

(1)

Input/output port pin or parallel slave port bit3

(1)

Input/output port pin or parallel slave port bit4

RD2/PSP2
RD3/PSP3

bit3

RD4/PSP4

bit4

ST/TTL

RD5/PSP5

bit5

ST/TTL(1)

Input/output port pin or parallel slave port bit5

bit6

ST/TTL

(1)

Input/output port pin or parallel slave port bit6

ST/TTL

(1)

Input/output port pin or parallel slave port bit7

RD6/PSP6
RD7/PSP7

bit7

Legend: ST = Schmitt Trigger input, TTL = TTL input

Note 1: Input buffers are Schmitt Triggers when in I/O mode and TTL buffer when in Parallel Slave Port mode.

TABLE 5-8:

SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTD

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

08h

PORTD

RD7

RD6

RD5

RD4

RD3

RD2

RD1

RD0

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

88h

TRISD

1111 1111

89h

TRISE

0000 -111

Address

PORTD Data Direction register

IBF

OBF

IBOV

PSPMODE

PORTE Data Direction bits

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by PORTD.

DS30605C-page 34

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
5.5

FIGURE 5-7:

PORTE and TRISE Register

Note 1: The PIC16C63A and PIC16C73B do not

provide PORTE. The PORTE and TRISE
registers are not implemented.

Data
Bus
WR
Port

2: The PIC16C63A/65B does not provide an

A/D module. A/D functions are not implemented.
PORTE has three pins: RE0/RD/AN5, RE1/WR/AN6
and RE2/CS/AN7, which are individually configured as
inputs or outputs. These pins have Schmitt Trigger
input buffers.

PORTE pins may be multiplexed with analog inputs

(PIC16C74B only). The operation of these pins is
selected by control bits in the ADCON1 register. When
selected as an analog input, these pins will read as 0s.

I/O pin(1)
CK

Data Latch
D

WR
TRIS

Schmitt
Trigger
Input
Buffer

TRIS Latch

I/O PORTE becomes control inputs for the microprocessor port when bit PSPMODE (TRISE<4>) is set. In
this mode, the user must make sure that the
TRISE<2:0> bits are set (pins are configured as digital
inputs) and that register ADCON1 is configured for digital I/O. In this mode, the input buffers are TTL.
Register 5-1 shows the TRISE register, which also controls the parallel slave port operation.

PORTE BLOCK DIAGRAM

RD TRIS
Q

D
EN
EN

RD Port

Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.

TRISE controls the direction of the RE pins, even when

they are being used as analog inputs. The user must
make sure to keep the pins configured as inputs when
using them as analog inputs.
Note:

On a Power-on Reset, these pins are configured as analog inputs and read as 0s.

TABLE 5-9:

PORTE FUNCTIONS

Name

Bit#

Buffer Type

RE0/RD/AN5

bit0

ST/TTL(1)

Function
Input/output port pin or read control input in Parallel Slave Port mode or analog
input:
RD
1 = Idle
0 = Read operation. Contents of PORTD register is output to PORTD
I/O pins (if chip selected).

RE1/WR/AN6

bit1

ST/TTL(1)

Input/output port pin or write control input in Parallel Slave Port mode or analog
input:
WR
1 = Idle
0 = Write operation. Value of PORTD I/O pins is latched into PORTD
register (if chip selected).

RE2/CS/AN7

bit2

ST/TTL(1)

Input/output port pin or chip select control input in Parallel Slave Port mode or
analog input:
CS
1 = Device is not selected
0 = Device is selected

Legend: ST = Schmitt Trigger input, TTL = TTL input

Note 1: Input buffers are Schmitt Triggers when in I/O mode and TTL buffers when in Parallel Slave Port mode.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 35

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
REGISTER 5-1:

TRISE REGISTER (ADDRESS 89h)

R-0

R/W-0

U-0

R/W-1

IBF

OBF

IBOV

PSPMODE

TRISE2

TRISE1

TRISE0

bit 7

bit 0

bit 7

IBF: Input Buffer Full Status bit

1 = A word has been received and is waiting to be read by the CPU
0 = No word has been received

bit 6

OBF: Output Buffer Full Status bit

1 = The output buffer still holds a previously written word
0 = The output buffer has been read

bit 5

IBOV: Input Buffer Overflow Detect bit (in Microprocessor mode)

1 = A write occurred when a previously input word has not been read (must be cleared in
software)
0 = No overflow occurred

bit 4

PSPMODE: Parallel Slave Port Mode Select bit

1 = Parallel Slave Port mode
0 = General purpose I/O mode

bit 3

Unimplemented: Read as '0'

bit 2

TRISE2: Direction Control bit for pin RE2/CS/AN7

1 = Input
0 = Output

bit 1

TRISE1: Direction Control bit for pin RE1/WR/AN6

1 = Input
0 = Output

bit 0

TRISE0: Direction Control bit for pin RE0/RD/AN5

1 = Input
0 = Output
Legend:
R = Readable bit

Address

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

TABLE 5-10:

W = Writable bit
1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

x = Bit is unknown

SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTE

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

RE2

RE1

RE0

---- -xxx

---- -uuu

09h

PORTE

89h

TRISE

IBF

OBF

IBOV

PSPMODE

PORTE Data Direction bits

0000 -111

9Fh

ADCON1

PCFG2

---- -000

PCFG1

PCFG0

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by PORTE.

DS30605C-page 36

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
5.6
Note:

Parallel Slave Port (PSP)

The PIC16C63A and PIC16C73B do not
provide a parallel slave port. The PORTD,
PORTE, TRISD and TRISE registers are
not implemented.

PORTD operates as an 8-bit wide Parallel Slave Port

(PSP), or microprocessor port when control bit PSPMODE (TRISE<4>) is set. In Slave mode, it is asynchronously readable and writable by the external world,
through RD control input pin RE0/RD/AN5 and WR
control input pin RE1/WR/AN6.
It can directly interface to an 8-bit microprocessor data
bus. The external microprocessor can read or write the
PORTD latch as an 8-bit latch. Setting bit PSPMODE
enables port pin RE0/RD/AN5 to be the RD input,
RE1/WR/AN6 to be the WR input and RE2/CS/AN7 to
be the CS (chip select) input. For this functionality, the
corresponding data direction bits of the TRISE register
(TRISE<2:0>) must be configured as inputs (set) and
the A/D port configuration bits PCFG2:PCFG0
(ADCON1<2:0>) must be set, which will configure pins
RE2:RE0 as digital I/O.
There are actually two 8-bit latches, one for data out
(from the PICmicro MCU) and one for data input. The
user writes 8-bit data to PORTD data latch and reads
data from the port pin latch (note that they have the
same address). In this mode, the TRISD register is
ignored since the external device is controlling the
direction of data flow.
A write to the PSP occurs when both the CS and WR
lines are first detected low. When either the CS or WR
lines become high (level triggered), then the Input
Buffer Full (IBF) status flag bit (TRISE<7>) is set on the
Q4 clock cycle, following the next Q2 cycle, to signal
the write is complete (Figure 5-9). The interrupt flag bit
PSPIF (PIR1<7>) is also set on the same Q4 clock
cycle. IBF can only be cleared by reading the PORTD
input latch. The Input Buffer Overflow (IBOV) status
flag bit (TRISE<5>) is set if a second write to the PSP
is attempted when the previous byte has not been read
out of the buffer.

When not in PSP mode, the IBF and OBF bits are held
clear. However, if flag bit IBOV was previously set, it
must be cleared in firmware.
An interrupt is generated and latched into flag bit
PSPIF when a read or write operation is completed.
PSPIF must be cleared by the user in firmware and the
interrupt can be disabled by clearing the interrupt
enable bit PSPIE (PIE1<7>).

FIGURE 5-8:

Data Bus
WR
Port

PORTD AND PORTE

BLOCK DIAGRAM
(PARALLEL SLAVE
PORT)

RDx
pin

TTL
Q

RD
Port

D
EN
EN

One bit of PORTD

Set Interrupt Flag
PSPIF (PIR1<7>)

Read

TTL

Chip Select
TTL

TTL

Write

Note 1: I/O pins have protection diodes to VDD and VSS.

A read from the PSP occurs when both the CS and RD

lines are first detected low. The Output Buffer Full
(OBF) status flag bit (TRISE<6>) is cleared immediately (Figure 5-10), indicating that the PORTD latch is
waiting to be read by the external bus. When either the
CS or RD pin becomes high (level triggered), the interrupt flag bit PSPIF is set on the Q4 clock cycle, following the next Q2 cycle, indicating that the read is
complete. OBF remains low until data is written to
PORTD by the user firmware.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 37

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 5-9:

PARALLEL SLAVE PORT WRITE WAVEFORMS

CS
WR
RD
PORTD<7:0>
IBF
OBF
PSPIF

FIGURE 5-10:

PARALLEL SLAVE PORT READ WAVEFORMS

CS
WR
RD
PORTD<7:0>
IBF
OBF
PSPIF

TABLE 5-11:
Address

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PARALLEL SLAVE PORT

Name

08h

PORTD

09h

PORTE

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Port data latch when written, Port pins when read

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

RE2

RE1

RE0

---- -xxx

---- -uuu

0Bh, 8Bh INTCON

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u

89h

TRISE

IBF

OBF

IBOV

PSPMODE

PORTE Data Direction Bits

0000 -111

0Ch

PIR1

PSPIF

ADIF

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

TMR1IF

0000 0000

8Ch

PIE1

PSPIE

ADIE

RCIE

TXIE

SSPIE

CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE

0000 0000

9Fh

ADCON1

PCFG2

---- -000

TMR2IF

PCFG1

PCFG0

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by the Parallel Slave Port.

DS30605C-page 38

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
6.0

TIMER0 MODULE

Counter mode is selected by setting bit T0CS

(OPTION_REG<5>). In counter mode, Timer0 will
increment, either on every rising, or falling edge of pin
RA4/T0CKI. The incrementing edge is determined by
the Timer0 Source Edge Select bit T0SE
(OPTION_REG<4>). Clearing bit T0SE selects the rising edge. Restrictions on the external clock input are
discussed in detail in Section 6.2.

The Timer0 module timer/counter has the following features:

8-bit timer/counter
Readable and writable
8-bit software programmable prescaler
Internal or external clock select
Interrupt on overflow from FFh to 00h
Edge select for external clock

The prescaler is mutually exclusively shared between

the Timer0 module and the watchdog timer. The
prescaler is not readable or writable. Section 6.3
details the operation of the prescaler.

Figure 6-1 is a block diagram of the Timer0 module and

the prescaler shared with the WDT.

6.1

Additional information on the Timer0 module is

available in the PICmicro Mid-Range MCU Family
Reference Manual (DS33023).

The TMR0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0 register overflows from FFh to 00h. This overflow sets bit
T0IF (INTCON<2>). The interrupt can be masked by
clearing bit T0IE (INTCON<5>). Bit T0IF must be
cleared in software by the Timer0 module Interrupt Service Routine before re-enabling this interrupt. The
TMR0 interrupt cannot awaken the processor from
SLEEP, since the timer is shut-off during SLEEP.

Timer mode is selected by clearing bit T0CS

(OPTION_REG<5>). In Timer mode, the Timer0
module will increment every instruction cycle (without
prescaler). If the TMR0 register is written, the increment is inhibited for the following two instruction cycles.
The user can work around this by writing an adjusted
value to the TMR0 register.

FIGURE 6-1:

Timer0 Interrupt

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE TIMER0/WDT PRESCALER

Data Bus

CLKOUT (= FOSC/4)

0
RA4/T0CKI
pin

M
U
X

1
M
U
X

SYNC
2
Cycles

TMR0 reg

T0SE
T0CS

Set Flag bit T0IF

on Overflow

PSA
PRESCALER

Watchdog
Timer

M
U
X

8-bit Prescaler
8
8 - to - 1MUX

PS2:PS0

PSA

WDT Enable bit

0
MUX

PSA

WDT
Time-out
Note: T0CS, T0SE, PSA, PS2:PS0 are (OPTION_REG<5:0>).

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 39

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
6.2

Using Timer0 with an External

Clock

module means that there is no prescaler for the Watchdog Timer, and vice-versa. This prescaler is not readable or writable (see Figure 6-1).

The synchronization of T0CKI with the internal phase

clocks is accomplished by sampling the synchronized
input on the Q2 and Q4 cycles of the internal phase
clocks. Therefore, it is necessary for T0CKI to be high
for at least 2 TOSC (and a small RC delay of 20 ns) and
low for at least 2 TOSC (and a small RC delay of 20 ns).
Refer to the electrical specification for the desired
device.

6.3

The PSA and PS2:PS0 bits (OPTION_REG<3:0>)

determine the prescaler assignment and prescale ratio.
When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions
writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF 1, MOVWF 1,
BSF 1,x....etc.) will clear the prescaler. When assigned
to WDT, a CLRWDT instruction will clear the prescaler
along with the Watchdog Timer. The prescaler is not
readable or writable.

Prescaler

Note:

There is only one prescaler available which is mutually

exclusively shared between the Timer0 module and the
watchdog timer. A prescaler assignment for the Timer0

Writing to TMR0, when the prescaler is

assigned to Timer0, will clear the prescaler
count, but will not change the prescaler
assignment.

OPTION_REG REGISTER
R/W-1

R/W-1

RBPU

INTEDG

T0CS

T0SE

PSA

PS2

PS1

PS0

bit 7

bit 0

bit 7

RBPU

bit 6

INTEDG

bit 5

T0CS: TMR0 Clock Source Select bit

1 = Transition on T0CKI pin
0 = Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKOUT)

bit 4

T0SE: TMR0 Source Edge Select bit

1 = Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin
0 = Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin

bit 3

PSA: Prescaler Assignment bit

1 = Prescaler is assigned to the WDT
0 = Prescaler is assigned to the Timer0 module

bit 2-0

PS2:PS0: Prescaler Rate Select bits

Bit Value

TMR0 Rate

WDT Rate

000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111

1:2
1:4
1:8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128
1 : 256

1:1
1:2
1:4
1:8
1 : 16
1 : 32
1 : 64
1 : 128

Legend:
R = Readable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR
Note:

W = Writable bit
1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

x = Bit is unknown

To avoid an unintended device RESET, the instruction sequence shown in the PICmicro Mid-Range MCU
Family Reference Manual (DS33023, Section 11.6) must be executed when changing the prescaler assignment from Timer0 to the WDT. This sequence must be followed even if the WDT is disabled.

DS30605C-page 40

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 6-1:
Address

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

01h

TMR0

0Bh,8Bh

INTCON

81h

OPTION_REG RBPU INTEDG

Bit 5

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Timer0 Modules register

GIE

PEIE

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

xxxx xxxx

Bit 4

uuuu uuuu

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u

T0CS

T0SE

PSA

PS2

PS1

PS0

1111 1111

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by Timer0.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 41

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 42

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
7.0

TIMER1 MODULE

The Timer1 module is a 16-bit timer/counter consisting

of two 8-bit registers (TMR1H and TMR1L), which are
readable and writable. The TMR1 Register pair
(TMR1H:TMR1L) increments from 0000h to FFFFh
and rolls over to 0000h. The TMR1 Interrupt, if enabled,
is generated on overflow, which is latched in interrupt
flag bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>). This interrupt can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing TMR1 interrupt
enable bit TMR1IE (PIE1<0>).
Timer1 can operate in one of two modes:
As a timer
As a counter
The operating mode is determined by the clock select
bit, TMR1CS (T1CON<1>).

In Timer mode, Timer1 increments every instruction

cycle. In Counter mode, it increments on every rising
edge of the external clock input.
Timer1 can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing
control bit TMR1ON (T1CON<0>).
Timer1 also has an internal RESET input. This
RESET can be generated by either of the two CCP
modules (Section 9.0) using the special event trigger.
Register 7-1 shows the Timer1 control register.
When the Timer1 oscillator is enabled (T1OSCEN is
set), the RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 and RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
pins become inputs. That is, the TRISC<1:0> value is
ignored, and these pins read as 0.
Additional information on timer modules is available in
the PICmicro Mid-range MCU Family Reference
Manual (DS33023).

T1CON: TIMER1 CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 10h)

U-0

R/W-0

T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0

R/W-0
T1OSCEN

R/W-0

T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON

bit 7

bit 0

bit 7-6

Unimplemented: Read as '0'

bit 5-4

T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0: Timer1 Input Clock Prescale Select bits

11 = 1:8 Prescale value
10 = 1:4 Prescale value
01 = 1:2 Prescale value
00 = 1:1 Prescale value

bit 3

T1OSCEN: Timer1 Oscillator Enable Control bit

1 = Oscillator is enabled
0 = Oscillator is shut-off (The oscillator inverter is turned off to eliminate power drain)

bit 2

T1SYNC: Timer1 External Clock Input Synchronization Control bit

TMR1CS = 1:
1 = Do not synchronize external clock input
0 = Synchronize external clock input
TMR1CS = 0:
This bit is ignored. Timer1 uses the internal clock when TMR1CS = 0.

bit 1

TMR1CS: Timer1 Clock Source Select bit

1 = External clock from pin RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI (on the rising edge)
0 = Internal clock (FOSC/4)

bit 0

TMR1ON: Timer1 On bit

1 = Enables Timer1
0 = Stops Timer1
Legend:
R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

x = Bit is unknown

DS30605C-page 43

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
7.1

Timer1 Operation in Timer Mode

7.2

Timer mode is selected by clearing the TMR1CS

(T1CON<1>) bit. In this mode, the input clock to the
timer is FOSC/4. The synchronize control bit T1SYNC
(T1CON<2>) has no effect since the internal clock is
always in sync.

Timer1 Operation in Synchronized

Counter Mode

Counter mode is selected by setting bit TMR1CS. In

this mode, the timer increments on every rising edge of
clock input on pin RC1/T1OSI/CCP2, when bit
T1OSCEN is set, or on pin RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI, when
bit T1OSCEN is cleared.
If T1SYNC is cleared, then the external clock input is
synchronized with internal phase clocks. The synchronization is done after the prescaler stage. The
prescaler stage is an asynchronous ripple counter.
In this configuration during SLEEP mode, Timer1 will
not increment even if the external clock is present,
since the synchronization circuit is shut-off. The
prescaler, however, will continue to increment.

FIGURE 7-1:

TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Set Flag bit
TMR1IF on
Overflow
TMR1H

Synchronized
Clock Input

TMR1
TMR1L

1
TMR1ON
On/Off
T1OSC
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2(2)

T1SYNC

(2)

1
T1OSCEN FOSC/4
Enable
Internal
Oscillator(1) Clock

Synchronize

Prescaler
1, 2, 4, 8

det

0
2
T1CKPS1:T1CKPS0
TMR1CS

SLEEP Input

Note 1: When the T1OSCEN bit is cleared, the inverter is turned off. This eliminates power drain.
2: For the PIC16C65B/73B/74B, the Schmitt Trigger is not implemented in External Clock mode.

DS30605C-page 44

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
7.3

Timer1 Operation in
Asynchronous Counter Mode

If control bit T1SYNC (T1CON<2>) is set, the external

clock input is not synchronized. The timer continues to
increment asynchronous to the internal phase clocks.
The timer will continue to run during SLEEP and can
generate an interrupt-on-overflow, which will wake-up
the processor. However, special precautions in software are needed to read/write the timer (Section 7.3.1).
In Asynchronous Counter mode, Timer1 can not be
used as a time-base for capture or compare operations.

7.3.1

READING AND WRITING TIMER1 IN

ASYNCHRONOUS COUNTER
MODE

Reading TMR1H or TMR1L while the timer is running

from an external asynchronous clock will guarantee a
valid read (taken care of in hardware). However, the
user should keep in mind that reading the 16-bit timer
in two 8-bit values itself poses certain problems, since
the timer may overflow between the reads.
For writes, it is recommended that the user simply stop
the timer and write the desired values. A write contention may occur by writing to the timer registers, while
the register is incrementing. This may produce an
unpredictable value in the timer register.
Reading the 16-bit value requires some care. Examples 12-2 and 12-3 in the PICmicro Mid-Range MCU
Family Reference Manual (DS33023) show how to
read and write Timer1 when it is running in Asynchronous mode.

7.4

Timer1 Oscillator

TABLE 7-1:
Osc Type

CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR

THE TIMER1 OSCILLATOR
Freq

32 kHz
33 pF
33 pF
100 kHz
15 pF
15 pF
200 kHz
15 pF
15 pF
These values are for design guidance only.
Crystals Tested:
32.768 kHz Epson C-001R32.768K-A 20 PPM
100 kHz
Epson C-2 100.00 KC-P
20 PPM
200 kHz
STD XTL 200.000 kHz
20 PPM
Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability
of oscillator, but also increases the start-up
time.
2: Since each resonator/crystal has its own
characteristics, the user should consult the
resonator/crystal manufacturer for appropriate values of external components.

7.5

Resetting Timer1 using a CCP

Trigger Output

If the CCP1 or CCP2 module is configured in Compare

mode to generate a special event trigger
(CCP1M3:CCP1M0 = 1011), this signal will reset
Timer1.
Note:

The special event triggers from the CCP1

and CCP2 modules will not set interrupt
flag bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>).

Timer1 must be configured for either timer or Synchronized Counter mode to take advantage of this feature.
If Timer1 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode,
this RESET operation may not work.

A crystal oscillator circuit is built-in between pins T1OSI

(input) and T1OSO (amplifier output). It is enabled by
setting control bit T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). The oscillator is a low power oscillator rated up to 200 kHz. It will
continue to run during SLEEP. It is primarily intended
for use with a 32 kHz crystal. Table 7-1 shows the
capacitor selection for the Timer1 oscillator.

In the event that a write to Timer1 coincides with a special event trigger from CCP1 or CCP2, the write will
take precedence.

The Timer1 oscillator is identical to the LP oscillator.

The user must provide a software time delay to ensure
proper oscillator start-up.

7.6

In this mode of operation, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair effectively becomes the period register for
Timer1.

Resetting of Timer1 Register Pair

(TMR1H, TMR1L)

TMR1H and TMR1L registers are not reset to 00h on a

POR, or any other RESET, except by the CCP1 and
CCP2 special event triggers.
T1CON register is reset to 00h on a Power-on Reset or a
Brown-out Reset, which shuts off the timer and leaves a
1:1 prescale. In all other resets, the register is unaffected.

7.7

Timer1 Prescaler

The prescaler counter is cleared on writes to the

TMR1H or TMR1L registers.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 45

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 7-2:

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1 AS A TIMER/COUNTER

Address

Name

Bit 7

0Bh,8Bh

INTCON

GIE

0Ch

PIR1

PSPIF(1)

8Ch

PIE1

PSPIE(1)

ADIE(2)

0Eh

TMR1L

0Fh

TMR1H
T1CON

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u

TMR2IF

TMR1IF

0000 0000

TMR1IE

0000 0000

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

--00 0000

--uu uuuu

Holding register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 register

10h

Value on
all other
RESETS

Bit 4

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

ADIF(2)

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

RCIE

TXIE

SSPIE

CCP1IE

TMR2IE

T1CKPS1

T1CKPS0

T1OSCEN

Bit 2

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Bit 5

Bit 3

Bit 0

Holding register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 register

Bit 6

T1SYNC

Bit 1

TMR1CS

TMR1ON

Legend:
x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/73B; always maintain these bits clear.
2: Bits ADIE and ADIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits clear.

DS30605C-page 46

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
8.0

TIMER2 MODULE

8.1

Timer2 is an 8-bit timer with a prescaler and a

postscaler. It can be used as the PWM time-base for
the PWM mode of the CCP module(s). The TMR2 register is readable and writable, and is cleared on any
device RESET.
The input clock (FOSC/4) has a prescale option of 1:1,
1:4,
or
1:16,
selected
by
control
bits
T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0 (T2CON<1:0>).
The Timer2 module has an 8-bit period register, PR2.
Timer2 increments from 00h until it matches PR2 and
then resets to 00h on the next increment cycle. PR2 is
a readable and writable register. The PR2 register is
initialized to FFh upon RESET.
The match output of TMR2 goes through a 4-bit
postscaler (which gives a 1:1 to 1:16 scaling inclusive)
to generate a TMR2 interrupt (latched in flag bit
TMR2IF, (PIR1<1>)).

Timer2 Prescaler and Postscaler

The prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared

when any of the following occurs:
a write to the TMR2 register
a write to the T2CON register
any device RESET (POR, BOR, MCLR Reset, or
WDT Reset)
TMR2 is not cleared when T2CON is written.

8.2

Output of TMR2

The output of TMR2 (before the postscaler) is fed to the

SSP module, which optionally uses it to generate the
shift clock.

FIGURE 8-1:

TIMER2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Sets Flag
TMR2
bit TMR2IF Output(1)

Timer2 can be shut-off by clearing control bit TMR2ON

(T2CON<2>) to minimize power consumption.

RESET

Register 8-1 shows the Timer2 control register.

Postscaler
1:1 to 1:16

Additional information on timer modules is available in

the PICmicro Mid-Range MCU Family Reference
Manual (DS33023).

TMR2 reg

Prescaler
1:1, 1:4, 1:16
2

Comparator

PR2 reg

FOSC/4

T2CKPS1:
T2CKPS0

T2OUTPS3:
T2OUTPS0
Note

1: TMR2 register output can be software selected by the

SSP module as a baud clock.

T2CON: TIMER2 CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 12h)

U-0

R/W-0

TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0

bit 7

bit 0

bit 7

Unimplemented: Read as '0'

bit 6-3

TOUTPS3:TOUTPS0: Timer2 Output Postscale Select bits

0000 = 1:1 Postscale
0001 = 1:2 Postscale
0010 = 1:3 Postscale

1111 = 1:16 Postscale

bit 2

TMR2ON: Timer2 On bit

1 = Timer2 is on
0 = Timer2 is off

bit 1-0

T2CKPS1:T2CKPS0: Timer2 Clock Prescale Select bits

00 = Prescaler is 1
01 = Prescaler is 4
1x = Prescaler is 16
Legend:
R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

x = Bit is unknown

DS30605C-page 47

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 8-1:

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER2 AS A TIMER/COUNTER

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

Address

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

0Bh,8Bh

INTCON

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x 0000 000u

(1)

(2)

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

TMR2IF

TMR1IF

0000 0000 0000 0000

RCIE

TXIE

SSPIE

CCP1IE

TMR2IE

TMR1IE

0000 0000 0000 0000

0Ch

PIR1

PSPIF

ADIF

8Ch

PIE1

PSPIE(1)

ADIE(2)

11h

TMR2

12h

T2CON

92h

PR2

Timer2 Modules register

TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1

Timer2 Period register

0000 0000 0000 0000

T2CKPS0 -000 0000 -000 0000

1111 1111 1111 1111

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer2 module.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/73B; always maintain these bits clear.
2: Bits ADIE and ADIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits clear.

DS30605C-page 48

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
9.0

CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM
MODULES

Each Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) module contains

a 16-bit register which can operate as a:
16-bit Capture register
16-bit Compare register
PWM Master/Slave Duty Cycle register
Both the CCP1 and CCP2 modules are identical in
operation, with the exception being the operation of the
special event trigger. Table 9-1 and Table 9-2 show the
resources and interactions of the CCP module(s). In
the following sections, the operation of a CCP module
is described with respect to CCP1. CCP2 operates the
same as CCP1, except where noted.

CCP2 Module:
Capture/Compare/PWM Register2 (CCPR2) is comprised of two 8-bit registers: CCPR2L (low byte) and
CCPR2H (high byte). The CCP2CON register controls
the operation of CCP2. The special event trigger is
generated by a compare match and will reset Timer1
and start an A/D conversion (if the A/D module is
enabled).
Additional information on CCP modules is available in
the PICmicro Mid-Range MCU Family Reference
Manual (DS33023) and in Using the CCP Modules
(AN594).

TABLE 9-1:

CCP Mode

CCP1 Module:
Capture/Compare/PWM Register1 (CCPR1) is comprised of two 8-bit registers: CCPR1L (low byte) and
CCPR1H (high byte). The CCP1CON register controls
the operation of CCP1. The special event trigger is
generated by a compare match and will reset Timer1.

TABLE 9-2:

CCP MODE - TIMER

RESOURCES REQUIRED
Timer Resource

Capture
Compare
PWM

Timer1
Timer1
Timer2

INTERACTION OF TWO CCP MODULES

CCPx Mode CCPy Mode

Interaction

Capture

Same TMR1 time-base.

Capture

Compare

The compare should be configured for the special event trigger, which clears TMR1.

Compare

The compare(s) should be configured for the special event trigger, which clears TMR1.

PWM

The PWMs will have the same frequency and update rate (TMR2 interrupt).

PWM

Capture

None.

PWM

Compare

None.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 49

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
REGISTER 9-1:

CCP1CON REGISTER/CCP2CON REGISTER

U-0

R/W-0

CCPxX

CCPxY

CCPxM3

R/W-0

CCPxM2 CCPxM1 CCPxM0

bit 7

bit 0

bit 7-6

Unimplemented: Read as '0'

bit 5-4

CCPxX:CCPxY: PWM Least Significant bits

Capture mode:
Unused
Compare mode:
Unused
PWM mode:
These bits are the two LSbs of the PWM duty cycle. The eight MSbs are found in CCPRxL.

bit 3-0

CCPxM3:CCPxM0: CCPx Mode Select bits

0000 = Capture/Compare/PWM disabled (resets CCPx module)
0100 = Capture mode, every falling edge
0101 = Capture mode, every rising edge
0110 = Capture mode, every 4th rising edge
0111 = Capture mode, every 16th rising edge
1000 = Compare mode, set output on match (CCPxIF bit is set)
1001 = Compare mode, clear output on match (CCPxIF bit is set)
1010 = Compare mode, generate software interrupt on match (CCPxIF bit is set, CCPx pin is
unaffected)
1011 = Compare mode, trigger special event (CCPxIF bit is set, CCPx pin is unaffected);
CCP1 resets TMR1; CCP2 resets TMR1 and starts an A/D conversion (if A/D module
is enabled)
11xx = PWM mode
Legend:
R = Readable bit

DS30605C-page 50

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

x = Bit is unknown

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
9.1

9.1.2

Capture Mode

TIMER1 MODE SELECTION

In Capture mode, CCPR1H:CCPR1L captures the

16-bit value of the TMR1 register when an event occurs
on pin RC2/CCP1. An event is defined as one of the following and is configured using CCPxCON<3:0>:

Timer1 must be running in Timer mode or Synchronized Counter mode for the CCP module to use the
capture feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the
capture operation may not work.

9.1.3

Every falling edge

Every rising edge
Every 4th rising edge
Every 16th rising edge

An event is selected by control bits CCP1M3:CCP1M0

(CCP1CON<3:0>). When a capture is made, the interrupt request flag bit CCP1IF (PIR1<2>) is set. The
interrupt flag must be cleared in software. If another
capture occurs before the value in register CCPR1 is
read, the previous captured value is overwritten by the
new captured value.

9.1.1

CCP PIN CONFIGURATION

In Capture mode, the RC2/CCP1 pin should be configured as an input by setting the TRISC<2> bit.
Note:

If the RC2/CCP1 pin is configured as an

output, a write to the port can cause a
capture condition.

FIGURE 9-1:

CAPTURE MODE
OPERATION BLOCK
DIAGRAM

Prescaler
1, 4, 16

Set Flag bit CCP1IF

(PIR1<2>)

RC2/CCP1
pin

CCPR1H
and
Edge Detect

TMR1H

When the Capture mode is changed, a false capture

interrupt may be generated. The user should keep bit
CCP1IE (PIE1<2>) clear to avoid false interrupts and
should clear the flag bit CCP1IF following any such
change in operating mode.

9.1.4

CCP PRESCALER

There are four prescaler settings, specified by bits

CCP1M3:CCP1M0. Whenever the CCP module is
turned off, or the CCP module is not in Capture mode,
the prescaler counter is cleared. Any RESET will clear
the prescaler counter.
Switching from one capture prescaler to another may
generate an interrupt. Also, the prescaler counter will
not be cleared, therefore, the first capture may be from
a non-zero prescaler. Example 9-1 shows the recommended method for switching between capture prescalers. This example also clears the prescaler counter
and will not generate the false interrupt.

EXAMPLE 9-1:
CLRF
MOVLW

CCPR1L

MOVWF

Capture
Enable

SOFTWARE INTERRUPT

CHANGING BETWEEN
CAPTURE PRESCALERS

CCP1CON
; Turn CCP module off
NEW_CAPT_PS ; Load the W reg with
; the new prescaler
; move value and CCP ON
CCP1CON
; Load CCP1CON with this
; value

TMR1L

CCP1CON<3:0>
Qs

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 51

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
9.2

9.2.4

Compare Mode

In Compare mode, the 16-bit CCPR1 register value is

constantly compared against the TMR1 register pair
value. When a match occurs, the RC2/CCP1 pin is:
Driven high
Driven low
Remains unchanged
The action on the pin is based on the value of control
bits CCP1M3:CCP1M0 (CCP1CON<3:0>). At the
same time, interrupt flag bit CCP1IF is set.

SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER

In this mode, an internal hardware trigger is generated,

which may be used to initiate an action.
The special event trigger output of CCP1 resets the
TMR1 register pair. This allows the CCPR1 register to
effectively be a 16-bit programmable period register for
Timer1.
The special event trigger output of CCP2 resets the
TMR1 register pair and starts an A/D conversion (if the
A/D module is enabled).
Note:

FIGURE 9-2:

COMPARE MODE
OPERATION BLOCK
DIAGRAM

Special event trigger will:

reset Timer1, but not set interrupt flag bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>),
and set bit GO/DONE (ADCON0<2>).
Special Event Trigger
Set Flag bit CCP1IF
(PIR1<2>)
CCPR1H CCPR1L
Q S Output
Logic
RC2/CCP1
Match
R
pin
TRISC<2>
Output Enable CCP1CON<3:0>
Mode Select

9.3

The special event trigger from the

CCP1and CCP2 modules will not set interrupt flag bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>).

PWM Mode (PWM)

In Pulse Width Modulation mode, the CCPx pin produces up to a 10-bit resolution PWM output. Since the
CCP1 pin is multiplexed with the PORTC data latch, the
TRISC<2> bit must be cleared to make the CCP1 pin
an output.
Note:

Clearing the CCP1CON register will force

the CCP1 PWM output latch to the default
low level. This is not the PORTC I/O data
latch.

Comparator
TMR1H

TMR1L

Figure 9-3 shows a simplified block diagram of the

CCP module in PWM mode.
For a step-by-step procedure on how to set up the CCP
module for PWM operation, see Section 9.3.3.

9.2.1

CCP PIN CONFIGURATION

FIGURE 9-3:

SIMPLIFIED PWM BLOCK

DIAGRAM

The user must configure the RC2/CCP1 pin as an output by clearing the TRISC<2> bit.
Note:

9.2.2

Clearing the CCP1CON register will force

the RC2/CCP1 compare output latch to the
default low level. This is not the PORTC
I/O data latch.

TIMER1 MODE SELECTION

Timer1 must be running in Timer mode or Synchronized Counter mode if the CCP module is using the
compare feature. In Asynchronous Counter mode, the
compare operation may not work.

9.2.3

CCP1CON<5:4>

Duty Cycle Registers

CCPR1L

CCPR1H (Slave)

Comparator

Q
RC2/CCP1

TMR2

(Note 1)
S

SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE

TRISC<2>

Comparator

When Generate Software Interrupt mode is chosen, the

CCP1 pin is not affected. The CCPIF bit is set, causing
a CCP interrupt (if enabled).

PR2

Clear Timer,
CCP1 pin and
latch D.C.

Note 1: 8-bit timer is concatenated with 2-bit internal Q clock,

or 2 bits of the prescale, to create 10-bit time-base.

DS30605C-page 52

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
A PWM output (Figure 9-4) has a time-base (period)
and a time that the output stays high (duty cycle). The
frequency of the PWM is the inverse of the period
(1/period).

FIGURE 9-4:

PWM OUTPUT
Period

9.3.2

PWM DUTY CYCLE

The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the

CCPR1L register and to the CCP1CON<5:4> bits. Up
to 10-bit resolution is available: the CCPR1L contains
the eight MSbs and the CCP1CON<5:4> contains the
two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by
CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>. The following equation is
used to calculate the PWM duty cycle in time:
PWM duty cycle = (CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>)
TOSC (TMR2 prescale value)

Duty Cycle
TMR2 = PR2 (Timer2 RESET)
TMR2 = Duty Cycle
TMR2 = PR2 (Timer2 RESET)

9.3.1

CCPR1L and CCP1CON<5:4> can be written to at any

time, but the duty cycle value is not latched into
CCPR1H until after a match between PR2 and TMR2
occurs (i.e., the period is complete). In PWM mode,
CCPR1H is a read-only register.
The CCPR1H register and a 2-bit internal latch are
used to double buffer the PWM duty cycle. This double
buffering is essential for glitchless PWM operation.

PWM PERIOD

The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2

When the CCPR1H and 2-bit latch match TMR2, concatenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock, or 2 bits of the
TMR2 prescaler, the CCP1 pin is cleared.
Maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a given PWM
frequency:

PWM period = [(PR2) + 1] 4 TOSC

(TMR2 prescale value)
PWM frequency is defined as 1 / [PWM period].
When TMR2 is equal to PR2, the following three events
occur on the next increment cycle:
TMR2 is cleared
The CCP1 pin is set (exception: if PWM duty
cycle = 0%, the CCP1 pin will not be set)
The PWM duty cycle is latched from CCPR1L into
CCPR1H
Note:

The Timer2 postscaler (see Section 8.1) is

not used in the determination of the PWM
frequency. The postscaler could be used to
have a servo update rate at a different frequency than the PWM output.

Resolution

Note:

9.3.3

log(2)

bits

If the PWM duty cycle value is longer than

the PWM period, the CCP1 pin will not be
cleared.

SET-UP FOR PWM OPERATION

The following steps should be taken when configuring

the CCP module for PWM operation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

TABLE 9-3:

FOSC
log FPWM

Set the PWM period by writing to the PR2 register.

Set the PWM duty cycle by writing to the
CCPR1L register and CCP1CON<5:4> bits.
Make the CCP1 pin an output by clearing the
TRISC<2> bit.
Set the TMR2 prescale value and enable Timer2
by writing to T2CON.
Configure the CCP1 module for PWM operation.

EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS AT 20 MHz

PWM Frequency

Timer Prescaler (1, 4, 16)

PR2 Value
Maximum Resolution (bits)

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

1.22 kHz 4.88 kHz 19.53 kHz 78.12 kHz 156.3 kHz 208.3 kHz
16
0xFF
10

4
0xFF
10

1
0xFF
10

1
0x3F
8

1
0x1F
7

1
0x17
5.5

DS30605C-page 53

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 9-4:
Address
0Bh,8Bh

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE, COMPARE, AND TIMER1

INTCON

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

GIE

Name

PEIE

PSPIF

(1)

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u

(2)

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

TMR2IF

TMR1IF

0000 0000

0Ch

PIR1

0Dh

PIR2

CCP2IF

---- ---0

8Ch

PIE1

PSPIE(1)

ADIE(2)

RCIE

TXIE

SSPIE

CCP1IE

TMR2IE

TMR1IE

0000 0000

8Dh

PIE2

CCP2IE

---- ---0

87h

TRISC

PORTC Data Direction register

1111 1111

0Eh

TMR1L

Holding register for the Least Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 register

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

0Fh

TMR1H

Holding register for the Most Significant Byte of the 16-bit TMR1 register

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

10h

T1CON

--00 0000

--uu uuuu

15h

CCPR1L

Capture/Compare/PWM register1 (LSB)

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

16h

CCPR1H

Capture/Compare/PWM register1 (MSB)

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

17h

CCP1CON

--00 0000

1Bh

CCPR2L

Capture/Compare/PWM register2 (LSB)

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

1Ch

CCPR2H

Capture/Compare/PWM register2 (MSB)

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

1Dh

CCP2CON

--00 0000

ADIF

T1CKPS1

CCP1X

CCP2X

T1CKPS0

CCP1Y

CCP2Y

T1OSCEN

CCP1M3

CCP2M3

T1SYNC

CCP1M2

CCP2M2

TMR1CS

CCP1M1

CCP2M1

TMR1ON

CCP1M0

CCP2M0

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used by Capture and Timer1.
Note 1: The PSP is not implemented on the PIC16C63A/73B; always maintain these bits clear.
2: The A/D is not implemented on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits clear.

TABLE 9-5:
Address

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PWM AND TIMER2

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

0Bh,8Bh

INTCON

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u

0Ch

PIR1

PSPIF(1)

ADIF(2)

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

TMR2IF

TMR1IF

0000 0000

0Dh

PIR2

CCP2IF

---- ---0

RCIE

TXIE

SSPIE

CCP1IE

TMR2IE

TMR1IE

0000 0000

CCP2IE

---- ---0

PIE1

8Dh

PIE2

87h

TRISC

PORTC Data Direction register

1111 1111

11h

TMR2

Timer2 Modules register

0000 0000

92h

PR2

Timer2 Modules Period register

1111 1111

12h

T2CON

-000 0000

15h

CCPR1L

Capture/Compare/PWM register1 (LSB)

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

16h

CCPR1H

Capture/Compare/PWM register1 (MSB)

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

17h

CCP1CON

--00 0000

1Bh

CCPR2L

Capture/Compare/PWM register2 (LSB)

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

1Ch

CCPR2H

Capture/Compare/PWM register2 (MSB)

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

1Dh

CCP2CON

--00 0000

ADIE

(2)

8Ch

Legend:
Note 1:
2:

PSPIE

(1)

TOUTPS3 TOUTPS2 TOUTPS1 TOUTPS0

CCP1X

CCP2X

CCP1Y

CCP2Y

CCP1M3

CCP2M3

TMR2ON

CCP1M2

CCP2M2

T2CKPS1

CCP1M1

CCP2M1

T2CKPS0

CCP1M0

CCP2M0

x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by PWM and Timer2.
Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/73B; always maintain these bits clear.
Bits ADIE and ADIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits clear.

DS30605C-page 54

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
10.0

SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT

(SSP) MODULE

10.1

SSP Module Overview

FIGURE 10-1:

Internal
Data Bus
Read

The Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) module is a serial

interface useful for communicating with other peripheral or microcontroller devices. These peripheral
devices may be Serial EEPROMs, shift registers, display drivers, A/D converters, etc. The SSP module can
operate in one of two modes:

Write
SSPBUF reg

SSPSR reg

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)

Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)

RC4/SDI/SDA

An overview of I2C operations and additional information on the SSP module can be found in the PICmicro
Mid-Range
MCU
Family
Reference Manual
(DS33023).

Shift
Clock

bit0

RC5/SDO

SS Control
Enable

Refer to Application Note AN578, Use of the SSP

Module in the I 2C Multi-Master Environment.

10.2

SSP BLOCK DIAGRAM

(SPI MODE)

RA5/SS/AN4

Edge
Select

SPI Mode
2
Clock Select

This section contains register definitions and operational characteristics of the SPI module.

SSPM3:SSPM0

SPI mode allows 8 bits of data to be synchronously

transmitted and received simultaneously. To accomplish communication, typically three pins are used:

4
Edge
Select

Serial Data Out (SDO) RC5/SDO

Serial Data In (SDI) RC4/SDI/SDA
Serial Clock (SCK) RC3/SCK/SCL
Additionally, a fourth pin may be used when in a Slave
mode of operation:
Slave Select (SS) RA5/SS/AN4
When initializing the SPI, several options need to be
specified. This is done by programming the appropriate
control bits in the SSPCON register (SSPCON<5:0>)
and SSPSTAT<7:6>. These control bits allow the following to be specified:

Master mode (SCK is the clock output)

Slave mode (SCK is the clock input)
Clock Polarity (Idle state of SCK)
Clock edge (output data on rising/falling edge of
SCK)
Clock Rate (Master mode only)
Slave Select mode (Slave mode only)

RC3/SCK/
SCL

TMR2 Output
2
Prescaler TCY
4, 16, 64

TRISC<3>

To enable the serial port, SSP enable bit, SSPEN

(SSPCON<5>) must be set. To reset or reconfigure SPI
mode, clear bit SSPEN, re-initialize the SSPCON register, and then set bit SSPEN. This configures the SDI,
SDO, SCK, and SS pins as serial port pins. For the pins
to behave as the serial port function, they must have
their data direction bits (in the TRISC register) appropriately programmed. That is:

SDI must have TRISC<4> set

SDO must have TRISC<5> cleared
SCK (Master mode) must have TRISC<3> cleared
SCK (Slave mode) must have TRISC<3> set
SS must have TRISA<5> set
ADCON1 must configure RA5 as a digital I/O pin.
Note 1: When the SPI is in Slave mode with SS
pin control enabled (SSPCON<3:0> =
0100), the SPI module will reset if the SS
pin is set to VDD.
2: If the SPI is used in Slave mode with
CKE = '1', then the SS pin control must be
enabled.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 55

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
REGISTER 10-1:

SSPSTAT: SYNC SERIAL PORT STATUS REGISTER (ADDRESS 94h)

R/W-0

R-0

SMP

CKE

D/A

R/W

bit 7

bit 0

bit 7

SMP: SPI Data Input Sample Phase

SPI Master mode:
1 = Input data sampled at end of data output time
0 = Input data sampled at middle of data output time (Microwire)
SPI Slave mode:
SMP must be cleared when SPI is used in Slave mode
I2 C mode:
This bit must be maintained clear

bit 6

CKE: SPI Clock Edge Select (see Figure 10-2, Figure 10-3, and Figure 10-4)
SPI mode:
CKP = 0:
1 = Data transmitted on rising edge of SCK (Microwire alternate)
0 = Data transmitted on falling edge of SCK
CKP = 1:
1 = Data transmitted on falling edge of SCK (Microwire default)
0 = Data transmitted on rising edge of SCK
I2 C mode:
This bit must be maintained clear

bit 5

D/A: Data/Address bit (I2C mode only)

1 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was data
0 = Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was address

bit 4

P: STOP bit (I2C mode only). This bit is cleared when the SSP module is disabled, or when the
START bit is detected last. SSPEN is cleared.
1 = Indicates that a STOP bit has been detected last (this bit is 0 on RESET)
0 = STOP bit was not detected last

bit 3

S: START bit (I2C mode only). This bit is cleared when the SSP module is disabled, or when
the STOP bit is detected last. SSPEN is cleared.
1 = Indicates that a START bit has been detected last (this bit is 0 on RESET)
0 = START bit was not detected last

bit 2

R/W: Read/Write bit information (I2C mode only). This bit holds the R/W bit information following the last address match. This bit is only valid from the address match to the next START bit,
STOP bit, or ACK bit.
1 = Read
0 = Write

bit 1

UA: Update Address (10-bit I2C mode only)

1 = Indicates that the user needs to update the address in the SSPADD register
0 = Address does not need to be updated

bit 0

BF: Buffer Full Status bit

Receive (SPI and I2 C modes):
1 = Receive complete, SSPBUF is full
0 = Receive not complete, SSPBUF is empty
Transmit (I2 C mode only):
1 = Transmit in progress, SSPBUF is full
0 = Transmit complete, SSPBUF is empty
Legend:
R = Readable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

DS30605C-page 56

W = Writable bit
1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

x = Bit is unknown

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
REGISTER 10-2:

SSPCON: SYNC SERIAL PORT CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 14h)

R/W-0

WCOL

SSPOV

SSPEN

CKP

SSPM3

SSPM2

SSPM1

SSPM0

bit 7

bit 0

bit 7

WCOL: Write Collision Flag bit

1 = The SSPBUF register was written while still transmitting the previous word (must be
cleared in software)
0 = No collision

bit 6

SSPOV: Synchronous Serial Port Overflow Flag bit

In SPI mode:
1 = A new byte was received while the SSPBUF register is still holding the previous unread
data. In case of overflow, the data in SSPSR is lost. Overflow can only occur in Slave
mode. The user must read the SSPBUF, even if only transmitting data, to avoid setting
overflow. In Master mode, the overflow bit is not set since each new reception (and transmission) is initiated by writing to the SSPBUF register.
0 = No overflow
In I2 C mode:
1 = A byte was received while the SSPBUF register is still holding the previous unread byte.
SSPOV is a "dont care" in transmit mode. SSPOV must be cleared in software in either
mode.
0 = No overflow

bit 5

SSPEN: Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit. When enabled, the SSP pins must be properly
configured as input or output.
In SPI mode:
1 = Enables serial port and configures SCK, SDO, and SDI as serial port pins
0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins
In I2 C mode:
1 = Enables the serial port and configures the SDA and SCL pins as serial port pins
0 = Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins

bit 4

CKP: Clock Polarity Select bit

In SPI mode:
1 = Idle state for clock is a high level (Microwire default)
0 = Idle state for clock is a low level (Microwire alternate)
In I2 C mode:
SCK release control
1 = Enable clock
0 = Holds clock low (clock stretch). (Used to ensure data setup time.)

bit 3-0

SSPM3:SSPM0: Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits

0000 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/4
0001 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/16
0010 = SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/64
0011 = SPI Master mode, clock = TMR2 output/2
0100 = SPI Slave mode, clock = SCK pin. SS pin control enabled.
0101 = SPI Slave mode, clock = SCK pin. SS pin control disabled. SS can be used as I/O pin.
0110 = I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address
0111 = I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address
1011 = I2C firmware controlled Master mode (Slave idle)
1110 = I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address with START and STOP bit interrupts enabled
1111 = I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address with START and STOP bit interrupts enabled
Legend:
R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

x = Bit is unknown

DS30605C-page 57

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 10-2:

SPI MODE TIMING, MASTER MODE

SCK (CKP = 0,
CKE = 0)
SCK (CKP = 0,
CKE = 1)
SCK (CKP = 1,
CKE = 0)
SCK (CKP = 1,
CKE = 1)
bit7

SDO

bit6

bit5

bit4

bit3

bit2

bit1

bit0

SDI (SMP = 0)
bit7

bit0

SDI (SMP = 1)
bit7

bit0

SSPIF

FIGURE 10-3:

SPI MODE TIMING (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 0)

SS (optional)

SCK (CKP = 0)
SCK (CKP = 1)

SDO

bit7

bit6

bit5

bit4

bit3

bit2

bit1

bit0

SDI (SMP = 0)
bit7

bit0

SSPIF

DS30605C-page 58

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 10-4:

SPI MODE TIMING (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 1)

SCK (CKP = 0)
SCK (CKP = 1)

SDO

bit7

bit6

bit5

bit3

bit4

bit2

bit1

bit0

SDI (SMP = 0)
bit7

bit0

SSPIF

TABLE 10-1:
Address
0Bh,8Bh
0Ch

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SPI OPERATION

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

INTCON

GIE

PEIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

PIR1

PSPIF

(1)
(1)

ADIF

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

(2)

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF 0000 0000 0000 0000

(2)

RCIE

TXIE

SSPIE

CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000 0000 0000

0000 000x 0000 000u

8Ch

PIE1

87h

TRISC

PORTC Data Direction register

1111 1111 1111 1111

13h

SSPBUF

Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit register

xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu

14h

SSPCON WCOL

85h

TRISA

94h

SSPSTAT

PSPIE

ADIE

SSPOV SSPEN

SMP

CKE

CKP

SSPM3 SSPM2

SSPM1

SSPM0

PORTA Data Direction register

D/A

R/W

0000 0000 0000 0000

--11 1111 --11 1111
0000 0000 0000 0000

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by the SSP in SPI mode.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/73B; always maintain these bits clear.
2: Bits ADIE and ADIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits clear.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 59

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
10.3

SSP I 2C Operation

The SSP module in I 2C mode fully implements all slave

functions, except general call support, and provides
interrupts on START and STOP bits in hardware to
facilitate firmware implementation of the master functions. The SSP module implements the standard mode
specifications as well as 7-bit and 10-bit addressing.
Two pins are used for data transfer, the RC3/SCK/SCL
pin, which is the clock (SCL), and the RC4/SDI/SDA
pin, which is the data (SDA). The user must configure
these pins as inputs or outputs through the
TRISC<4:3> bits. External pull-up resistors for the SCL
and SDA pins must be provided in the application circuit for proper operation of the I2C module.
The SSP module functions are enabled by setting SSP
enable bit SSPEN (SSPCON<5>).

FIGURE 10-5:

SSP BLOCK DIAGRAM

(I2C MODE)
Internal
Data Bus
Read

Write
SSPBUF reg

RC3/SCK/SCL
Shift
Clock

LSb

MSb

Match Detect

I 2C Slave mode (7-bit address)

I 2C Slave mode (10-bit address)
I 2C Slave mode (7-bit address), with START and
STOP bit interrupts enabled to support firmware
Master mode
I 2C Slave mode (10-bit address), with START and
STOP bit interrupts enabled to support firmware
Master mode
I 2C START and STOP bit interrupts enabled to
support firmware Master mode, Slave is idle
Selection of any I 2C mode with the SSPEN bit set,
forces the SCL and SDA pins to be open drain, provided these pins are programmed to inputs by setting
the appropriate TRISC bits.
Additional information on SSP I 2C operation can be
found in the PICmicro Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual (DS33023).

10.3.1

Addr Match

SSPADD reg

In Slave mode, the SCL and SDA pins must be configured as inputs (TRISC<4:3> set). The SSP module will
override the input state with the output data when
required (slave-transmitter).

There are certain conditions that will cause the SSP

module not to give this ACK pulse. They include (either
or both):
a)

START and
STOP bit Detect

Set, Reset
S, P bits
(SSPSTAT reg)

The SSP module has five registers for I2C operation.

These are the:

SSP Control Register (SSPCON)

SSP Status Register (SSPSTAT)
Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer (SSPBUF)
SSP Shift Register (SSPSR) - not directly accessible
SSP Address Register (SSPADD)

DS30605C-page 60

SLAVE MODE

When an address is matched or the data transfer after

an address match is received, the hardware automatically generates the acknowledge (ACK) pulse, and
then loads the SSPBUF register with the received
value currently in the SSPSR register.

SSPSR reg
RC4/SDI/
SDA

The SSPCON register allows control of the I 2C operation. Four mode selection bits (SSPCON<3:0>) allow
one of the following I 2C modes to be selected:

The buffer full bit BF (SSPSTAT<0>) was set

before the transfer was received.
The overflow bit SSPOV (SSPCON<6>) was set
before the transfer was received.

In this case, the SSPSR register value is not loaded

into the SSPBUF, but bit SSPIF (PIR1<3>) is set.
Table 10-2 shows what happens when a data transfer
byte is received, given the status of bits BF and
SSPOV. The shaded cells show the condition where
user software did not properly clear the overflow condition. Flag bit BF is cleared by reading the SSPBUF
register while bit SSPOV is cleared through software.
The SCL clock input must have minimum high and low
times for proper operation. The high and low times of
the I2C specification, as well as the requirement of the
SSP module, is shown in timing parameter #100 and
parameter #101.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
10.3.1.1

Addressing

Once the SSP module has been enabled, it waits for a

START condition to occur. Following the START condition, 8-bits are shifted into the SSPSR register. All
incoming bits are sampled with the rising edge of the
clock (SCL) line. The value of register SSPSR<7:1> is
compared to the value of the SSPADD register. The
address is compared on the falling edge of the eighth
clock (SCL) pulse. If the addresses match, and the BF
and SSPOV bits are clear, the following events occur:
a)
b)
c)
d)

The SSPSR register value is loaded into the

SSPBUF register.
The buffer full bit, BF is set.
An ACK pulse is generated.
SSP interrupt flag bit, SSPIF (PIR1<3>) is set
(interrupt is generated if enabled) - on the falling
edge of the ninth SCL pulse.

In 10-bit address mode, two address bytes need to be

received by the slave (Figure 10-7). The five Most Significant bits (MSbs) of the first address byte specify if
this is a 10-bit address. Bit R/W (SSPSTAT<2>) must
specify a write so the slave device will receive the second address byte. For a 10-bit address, the first byte
would equal 1111 0 A9 A8 0, where A9 and A8 are
the two MSbs of the address. The sequence of events
for 10-bit address is as follows, with steps 7 - 9 for
slave-transmitter:

TABLE 10-2:

0
1
1
0
Note:

3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.

DATA TRANSFER RECEIVED BYTE ACTIONS

Status Bits as Data

Transfer is Received
BF

Receive first (high) byte of address (bits SSPIF,

BF, and bit UA (SSPSTAT<1>) are set).
Update the SSPADD register with second (low)
byte of Address (clears bit UA and releases the
SCL line).
Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and
clear flag bit SSPIF.
Receive second (low) byte of address (bits
SSPIF, BF, and UA are set).
Update the SSPADD register with the first (high)
byte of address, if match releases SCL line, this
will clear bit UA.
Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and
clear flag bit SSPIF.
Receive Repeated START condition.
Receive first (high) byte of address (bits SSPIF
and BF are set).
Read the SSPBUF register (clears bit BF) and
clear flag bit SSPIF.

SSPOV

SSPSR SSPBUF

Generate ACK
Pulse

Set bit SSPIF

(SSP Interrupt occurs
if enabled)

0
Yes
Yes
Yes
0
No
No
Yes, SSPOV is set
1
No
No
Yes
1
No
No
Yes
Shaded cells show the conditions where the user software did not properly clear the overflow condition.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 61

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
10.3.1.2

Reception

When the R/W bit of the address byte is clear and an

address match occurs, the R/W bit of the SSPSTAT
register is cleared. The received address is loaded into
the SSPBUF register.

When the address byte overflow condition exists, then

no acknowledge (ACK) pulse is given. An overflow condition is defined as any situation where a received byte
in SSPBUF is overwritten by the next received byte
before it has been read. An overflow has occurred
when:

An SSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer

byte. Flag bit SSPIF (PIR1<3>) must be cleared in software. The SSPSTAT register is used to determine the
status of the byte.

I 2C WAVEFORMS FOR RECEPTION (7-BIT ADDRESS)

FIGURE 10-6:

Receiving Address R/W=0

Receiving Data
Receiving Data
ACK
ACK
ACK
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

SDA

SCL

The Buffer Full flag bit, BF(SSPSTAT<0>) was

set, indicating that the byte in SSPBUF was
waiting to be read when another byte was
received. This sets the SSPOV flag.
The overflow flag, SSPOV (SSPCON1<6>) was
set.

SSPIF (PIR1<3>)

BF (SSPSTAT<0>)

Cleared in software

Bus Master
terminates
transfer

SSPBUF register is read

SSPOV (SSPCON<6>)
Bit SSPOV is set because the SSPBUF register is still full
ACK is not sent

DS30605C-page 62

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
10.3.1.3

Transmission

An SSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer

byte. Flag bit SSPIF must be cleared in software, and
the SSPSTAT register is used to determine the status
of the byte. Flag bit SSPIF is set on the falling edge of
the ninth clock pulse.

When the R/W bit of the incoming address byte is set

and an address match occurs, the R/W bit of the
SSPSTAT register is set. The received address is
loaded into the SSPBUF register. The ACK pulse will
be sent on the ninth bit and pin RC3/SCK/SCL is held
low. The transmit data must be loaded into the
SSPBUF register, which also loads the SSPSR register. Then pin RC3/SCK/SCL should be enabled by setting bit CKP (SSPCON<4>). The master must monitor
the SCL pin prior to asserting another clock pulse. The
slave devices may be holding off the master by stretching the clock. The eight data bits are shifted out on the
falling edge of the SCL input. This ensures that the
SDA signal is valid during the SCL high time
(Figure 10-7).

I 2C WAVEFORMS FOR TRANSMISSION (7-BIT ADDRESS)

FIGURE 10-7:

Receiving Address
A7

SDA

SCL

As a slave-transmitter, the ACK pulse from the

master-receiver is latched on the rising edge of the
ninth SCL input pulse. If the SDA line was high (not
ACK), then the data transfer is complete. When the
ACK is latched by the slave, the slave logic is reset
(resets SSPSTAT register) and the slave then monitors
for another occurrence of the START bit. If the SDA line
was low (ACK), the transmit data must be loaded into
the SSPBUF register, which also loads the SSPSR register. Then pin RC3/SCK/SCL should be enabled by
setting bit CKP.

1
2
Data in
sampled

R/W = 1

SSPIF (PIR1<3>)

ACK

Transmitting Data

ACK

1
SCL held low
while CPU
responds to SSPIF

Cleared in software

BF (SSPSTAT<0>)
SSPBUF is written in software

From SSP Interrupt

Service Routine

CKP (SSPCON<4>)
Set bit after writing to SSPBUF
(the SSPBUF must be written to
before the CKP bit can be set)

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 63

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
10.3.2

MASTER MODE

10.3.3

Master mode of operation is supported in firmware

using interrupt generation on the detection of the
START and STOP conditions. The STOP (P) and
START (S) bits are cleared from a RESET, or when the
SSP module is disabled. The STOP (P) and START (S)
bits will toggle based on the START and STOP conditions. Control of the I 2C bus may be taken when the P
bit is set, or the bus is idle and both the S and P bits are
clear.

In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the

detection of the START and STOP conditions allows
the determination of when the bus is free. The STOP
(P) and START (S) bits are cleared from a RESET or
when the SSP module is disabled. The STOP (P) and
START (S) bits will toggle based on the START and
STOP conditions. Control of the I 2C bus may be taken
when bit P (SSPSTAT<4>) is set, or the bus is idle and
both the S and P bits clear. When the bus is busy,
enabling the SSP Interrupt will generate the interrupt
when the STOP condition occurs.

In Master mode, the SCL and SDA lines are manipulated by clearing the corresponding TRISC<4:3> bit(s).
The output level is always low, irrespective of the
value(s) in PORTC<4:3>. So when transmitting data, a
1 data bit must have the TRISC<4> bit set (input) and
a 0 data bit must have the TRISC<4> bit cleared (output). The same scenario is true for the SCL line with the
TRISC<3> bit.

In Multi-Master operation, the SDA line must be monitored to see if the signal level is the expected output
level. This check only needs to be done when a high
level is output. If a high level is expected and a low level
is present, the device needs to release the SDA and
SCL lines (set TRISC<4:3>). There are two stages
where this arbitration can be lost, these are:

The following events will cause SSP Interrupt Flag bit,

SSPIF, to be set (an SSP Interrupt will occur, if
enabled):

Address Transfer
Data Transfer

START condition
STOP condition
Data transfer byte transmitted/received

When the slave logic is enabled, the slave continues to

receive. If arbitration was lost during the address transfer stage, communication to the device may be in
progress. If addressed, an ACK pulse will be generated. If arbitration was lost during the data transfer
stage, the device will need to re-transfer the data at a
later time.

Master mode of operation can be done with either the

Slave mode idle (SSPM3:SSPM0 = 1011), or with the
slave active. When both Master and Slave modes are
enabled, the software needs to differentiate the
source(s) of the interrupt.

TABLE 10-3:

MULTI-MASTER MODE

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH I2C OPERATION

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

INTCON

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u

PIR1

PSPIF(1)

ADIF(2)

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF

0000 0000

8Ch

PIE1

(1)

(2)

RCIE

TXIE

SSPIE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE

0000 0000

13h

SSPBUF

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

0000 0000

1111 1111

Address

0Bh, 8Bh
0Ch

PSPIE

ADIE

Synchronous Serial Port Receive Buffer/Transmit register

Synchronous Serial Port

(I2C

93h

SSPADD

14h

SSPCON

WCOL

SSPOV SSPEN

94h

SSPSTAT

SMP(3)

CKE(3)

87h

TRISC

mode) Address register

D/A

CKP
P

SSPM3 SSPM2 SSPM1 SSPM0

R/W

PORTC Data Direction register

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented locations read as 0.

Shaded cells are not used by SSP module in I2C mode.
Note 1: PSPIF and PSPIE are reserved on the PIC16C63A/73B; always maintain these bits clear.
2: ADIF and ADIE are reserved on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits clear.
3: Maintain these bits clear in I2C mode.

DS30605C-page 64

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
11.0

ADDRESSABLE UNIVERSAL
SYNCHRONOUS
ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER
TRANSMITTER (USART)

as a half duplex synchronous system that can communicate with peripheral devices, such as A/D or D/A integrated circuits, Serial EEPROMs etc.
The USART can be configured in the following modes:

The Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver

Transmitter (USART) module is one of the two serial
I/O modules. (USART is also known as a Serial Communications Interface or SCI.) The USART can be configured as a full duplex asynchronous system that can
communicate with peripheral devices, such as CRT terminals and personal computers, or it can be configured

Asynchronous (full duplex)

Synchronous - Master (half duplex)
Synchronous - Slave (half duplex)
Bits SPEN (RCSTA<7>) and TRISC<7:6> have to be
set in order to configure pins RC6/TX/CK and
RC7/RX/DT as the universal synchronous asynchronous receiver transmitter.

TXSTA: TRANSMIT STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 98h)

R/W-0

U-0

R/W-0

R-1

R/W-0

CSRC

TX9

TXEN

SYNC

BRGH

TRMT

TX9D

bit 7

bit 0

bit 7

CSRC: Clock Source Select bit

Asynchronous mode:
Dont care
Synchronous mode:
1 = Master mode (Clock generated internally from BRG)
0 = Slave mode (Clock from external source)

bit 6

TX9: 9-bit Transmit Enable bit

1 = Selects 9-bit transmission
0 = Selects 8-bit transmission

bit 5

TXEN: Transmit Enable bit

1 = Transmit enabled
0 = Transmit disabled

bit 4

SYNC: USART Mode Select bit

1 = Synchronous mode
0 = Asynchronous mode

bit 3

Unimplemented: Read as '0'

bit 2

BRGH: High Baud Rate Select bit

Asynchronous mode:
1 = High speed
0 = Low speed
Synchronous mode:
Unused in this mode

bit 1

TRMT: Transmit Shift Register Status bit

1 = TSR empty
0 = TSR full

bit 0

TX9D: 9th bit of Transmit Data. Can be parity bit.

Note:

SREN/CREN overrides TXEN in SYNC mode.

Legend:
R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

x = Bit is unknown

DS30605C-page 65

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
REGISTER 11-2:

RCSTA: RECEIVE STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER (ADDRESS 18h)

R/W-0

U-0

R-0

R-x

SPEN

RX9

SREN

CREN

FERR

OERR

RX9D

bit 7

bit 0

bit 7

SPEN: Serial Port Enable bit

1 = Serial port enabled (configures RC7/RX/DT and RC6/TX/CK pins as serial port pins)
0 = Serial port disabled

bit 6

RX9: 9-bit Receive Enable bit

1 = Selects 9-bit reception
0 = Selects 8-bit reception

bit 5

SREN: Single Receive Enable bit

Asynchronous mode:
Dont care
Synchronous mode - Master:
1 = Enables single receive
0 = Disables single receive
This bit is cleared after reception is complete.
Synchronous mode - Slave:
Dont care

bit 4

CREN: Continuous Receive Enable bit

Asynchronous mode:
1 = Enables continuous receive
0 = Disables continuous receive
Synchronous mode:
1 = Enables continuous receive until enable bit CREN is cleared (CREN overrides SREN)
0 = Disables continuous receive

bit 3

Unimplemented: Read as '0'

bit 2

FERR: Framing Error bit

1 = Framing error (can be updated by reading RCREG register and receive next valid byte)
0 = No framing error

bit 1

OERR: Overrun Error bit

1 = Overrun error (can be cleared by clearing bit CREN)
0 = No overrun error

bit 0

RX9D: 9th bit of Received Data. (Can be parity bit. Calculated by firmware.)
Legend:
R = Readable bit

DS30605C-page 66

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

x = Bit is unknown

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
11.1

USART Baud Rate Generator

(BRG)

It may be advantageous to use the high baud rate

(BRGH = 1) even for slower baud clocks. This is
because the FOSC/(16(X + 1)) equation can reduce the
baud rate error in some cases.

The BRG supports both the Asynchronous and Synchronous modes of the USART. It is a dedicated 8-bit
baud rate generator. The SPBRG register controls the
period of a free running 8-bit timer. In Asynchronous
mode, bit BRGH (TXSTA<2>) also controls the baud
rate. In Synchronous mode, bit BRGH is ignored.
Table 11-1 shows the formula for computation of the
baud rate for different USART modes, which only apply
in Master mode (internal clock).

Writing a new value to the SPBRG register causes the

BRG timer to be reset (or cleared). This ensures the
BRG does not wait for a timer overflow before outputting the new baud rate.

11.1.1

The data on the RC7/RX/DT pin is sampled three times

near the center of each bit time by a majority detect circuit to determine if a high or a low level is present at the
RX pin.

Given the desired baud rate and Fosc, the nearest integer value for the SPBRG register can be calculated
using the formula in Table 11-1. From this, the error in
baud rate can be determined.

TABLE 11-1:

SAMPLING

BAUD RATE FORMULA

SYNC

BRGH = 0 (Low Speed)

BRGH = 1 (High Speed)

0
1

(Asynchronous) Baud Rate = FOSC/(64(SPBRG+1))

(Synchronous) Baud Rate = FOSC/(4(SPBRG+1))

Baud Rate = FOSC/(16(SPBRG+1))

N/A

TABLE 11-2:
Address

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH BAUD RATE GENERATOR

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

98h

TXSTA

CSRC

TX9

TXEN

SYNC

BRGH

TRMT

TX9D

0000 -010

18h

RCSTA

SPEN

RX9

SREN

CREN

FERR

OERR

RX9D

0000 -00x

99h

SPBRG

0000 0000

Baud Rate Generator register

Legend: x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as '0'. Shaded cells are not used by the BRG.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 67

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
11.2

USART Asynchronous Mode

This interrupt can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing the USART Transmit Enable bit TXIE (PIE1<4>).
The flag bit TXIF will be set, regardless of the state of
enable bit TXIE and cannot be cleared in software. It
will reset only when new data is loaded into the TXREG
register. While flag bit TXIF indicates the status of the
TXREG register, another bit TRMT (TXSTA<1>) shows
the status of the TSR register. Status bit TRMT is a read
only bit, which is set when the TSR register is empty. No
interrupt logic is tied to this bit, so the user has to poll this
bit in order to determine if the TSR register is empty.

In this mode, the USART uses standard nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format (one START bit, eight or
nine data bits, and one STOP bit). The most common
data format is 8 bits. An on-chip, dedicated, 8-bit baud
rate generator can be used to derive standard baud
rate frequencies from the oscillator. The USART transmits and receives the LSb first. The USARTs transmitter and receiver are functionally independent, but use
the same data format and baud rate. The baud rate
generator produces a clock, either x16 or x64 of the bit
shift rate, depending on bit BRGH (TXSTA<2>). Parity
is not supported by the hardware, but can be implemented in software (and stored as the ninth data bit).
Asynchronous mode is stopped during SLEEP.

Note 1: The TSR register is not mapped in data

memory, so it is not available to the user.
2: Flag bit TXIF is set when enable bit TXEN
is set. TXIF is cleared by loading TXREG.

Asynchronous mode is selected by clearing bit SYNC

(TXSTA<4>).

Transmission is enabled by setting enable bit TXEN

(TXSTA<5>). The actual transmission will not occur
until the TXREG register has been loaded with data
and the baud rate generator (BRG) has produced a
shift clock (Figure 11-2). The transmission can also be
started by first loading the TXREG register and then
setting enable bit TXEN. Normally, when transmission
is first started, the TSR register is empty. At that point,
transfer to the TXREG register will result in an immediate transfer to TSR, resulting in an empty TXREG. A
back-to-back transfer is thus possible (Figure 11-3).
Clearing enable bit TXEN during a transmission will
cause the transmission to be aborted and will reset the
transmitter. As a result, the RC6/TX/CK pin will revert
to hi-impedance.

The USART Asynchronous module consists of the following important elements:

Baud Rate Generator

Sampling Circuit
Asynchronous Transmitter
Asynchronous Receiver

11.2.1

USART ASYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMITTER

The USART transmitter block diagram is shown in

Figure 11-1. The heart of the transmitter is the transmit
(serial) shift register (TSR). The shift register obtains its
data from the read/write transmit buffer, TXREG. The
TXREG register is loaded with data in software. The
TSR register is not loaded until the STOP bit has been
transmitted from the previous load. As soon as the
STOP bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded with new
data from the TXREG register (if available). Once the
TXREG register transfers the data to the TSR register
(occurs in one TCY), the TXREG register is empty and
the USART Transmit Flag bit TXIF (PIR1<4>) is set.

FIGURE 11-1:

In order to select 9-bit transmission, transmit bit TX9

(TXSTA<6>) should be set and the ninth bit should be
written to TX9D (TXSTA<0>). The ninth bit must be
written before writing the 8-bit data to the TXREG register. This is because a data write to the TXREG register can result in an immediate transfer of the data to the
TSR register (if the TSR is empty). In such a case, an
incorrect ninth data bit may be loaded in the TSR
register.

USART TRANSMIT BLOCK DIAGRAM

Data Bus
TXIF

TXREG register

TXIE

8
MSb

LSb

(8)

Pin Buffer
and Control

TSR register

RC6/TX/CK pin

Interrupt
TXEN

Baud Rate CLK

TRMT

SPEN

SPBRG
Baud Rate Generator

TX9
TX9D

DS30605C-page 68

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
Steps to follow when setting up an Asynchronous
Transmission:

Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate

baud rate. If a high speed baud rate is desired,
set bit BRGH. (Section 11.1)
Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
bit SYNC and setting bit SPEN.
If interrupts are desired, set interrupt enable bits
TXIE (PIE1<4>), PEIE (INTCON<6>), and GIE
(INTCON<7>), as required.

2.
3.

FIGURE 11-2:

If 9-bit transmission is desired, then set transmit

bit TX9.
Enable the transmission by setting bit TXEN,
which will also set flag bit TXIF.
If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded in bit TX9D.
Load data to the TXREG register (starts transmission).

6.
7.

ASYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION

Write to TXREG
Word 1

BRG output
(shift clock)
RC6/TX/CK (pin)

START Bit

Bit 0

Bit 1

Bit 7/8

STOP Bit

Word 1

TXIF bit
(Transmit buffer
reg. empty flag)

Word 1
Transmit Shift Reg

TRMT bit
(Transmit shift
reg. empty flag)

FIGURE 11-3:

ASYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION (BACK TO BACK)

Write to TXREG
Word 1

BRG output
(shift clock)
RC6/TX/CK (pin)

Word 2

START Bit

Bit 0

TXIF bit
(interrupt reg. flag)

TRMT bit
(Transmit shift
reg. empty flag)

Bit 1
Word 1

Bit 7/8

Word 1
Transmit Shift Reg.

STOP Bit

START Bit
Word 2

Bit 0

Word 2
Transmit Shift Reg.

Note: This timing diagram shows two consecutive transmissions.

TABLE 11-3:
Address

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION

Name

0Bh,8Bh

INTCON

0Ch

PIR1

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

PSPIF(1)

ADIF(2)

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

TMR2IF

SPEN

RX9

SREN

CREN

FERR

OERR

18h

RCSTA

19h

TXREG

8Ch

PIE1

98h

TXSTA

99h

SPBRG Baud Rate Generator Register

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u

TMR1IF 0000 0000

0000 0000

RX9D

0000 -00x

0000 0000

TMR1IE 0000 0000

0000 0000

USART Transmit Register

PSPIE(1) ADIE(2)
CSRC

TX9

Value on
all other
RESETS

RCIE

TXIE

TXEN

SYNC

SSPIE CCP1IE

BRGH

TMR2IE
TRMT

TX9D

0000 -010

0000 0000

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented locations read as '0'.

Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous transmission.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/73B; always maintain these bits clear.
2: Bits ADIE and ADIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits clear.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 69

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
11.2.2

USART ASYNCHRONOUS
RECEIVER

ered register, i.e., it is a two-deep FIFO. It is possible

for two bytes of data to be received and transferred to
the RCREG FIFO and a third byte to begin shifting to
the RSR register. On the detection of the STOP bit of
the third byte, if the RCREG register is still full, then
overrun error bit OERR (RCSTA<1>) will be set. The
word in the RSR will be lost. The RCREG register can
be read twice to retrieve the two bytes in the FIFO.
Overrun bit OERR has to be cleared in software. This
is done by resetting the receive logic (CREN is cleared
and then set). If bit OERR is set, transfers from the
RSR register to the RCREG register are inhibited, and
no further data will be received; therefore, it is essential
to clear error bit OERR if it is set. Framing error bit
FERR (RCSTA<2>) is set if a STOP bit is detected as
clear. Bit FERR and the 9th receive bit are buffered the
same way as the receive data. Reading the RCREG
will load bits RX9D and FERR with new values, therefore, it is essential for the user to read the RCSTA register before reading the RCREG register, in order not to
lose the old FERR and RX9D information.

The receiver block diagram is shown in Figure 11-4.

The data is received on the RC7/RX/DT pin and drives
the data recovery block. The data recovery block is
actually a high speed shifter operating at x16 times the
baud rate, whereas the main receive serial shifter operates at the bit rate or at FOSC.
Once Asynchronous mode is selected, reception is
enabled by setting bit CREN (RCSTA<4>).
The heart of the receiver is the receive (serial) shift register (RSR). After sampling the STOP bit, the received
data in the RSR is transferred to the RCREG register (if
it is empty). If the transfer is complete, USART Receive
Flag bit RCIF (PIR1<5>) is set. This interrupt can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing the USART
Receive Enable bit RCIE (PIE1<5>).
Flag bit RCIF is a read only bit, which is cleared by the
hardware. It is cleared when the RCREG register has
been read and is empty. The RCREG is a double buff-

FIGURE 11-4:

USART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM

x64 Baud Rate CLK

FERR

OERR
CREN

FOSC

SPBRG
64
or
16

Baud Rate Generator

RSR Register

MSb
STOP (8)

LSb
0 START

RC7/RX/DT
Pin Buffer
and Control

Data
Recovery

RX9

RX9D

SPEN

RCREG Register
FIFO

8
Interrupt

RCIF

Data Bus

RCIE

DS30605C-page 70

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
Steps to follow when setting up an Asynchronous
Reception:
1.

2.
3.

5.
6.

Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate

baud rate. If a high speed baud rate is desired,
set bit BRGH. (Section 11.1).
Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
bit SYNC, and setting bit SPEN.
If interrupts are desired, set interrupt enable bits
RCIE (PIE1<5>), PEIE (INTCON<6>), and GIE
(INTCON<7>), as required.
If 9-bit reception is desired, then set bit RX9.

FIGURE 11-5:

Enable the reception by setting bit CREN.

Flag bit RCIF will be set when reception is complete and an interrupt will be generated if enable
bit RCIE was set.
Read the RCSTA register to get the ninth bit (if
enabled) and determine if any error occurred
during reception.
Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREG register.
If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
enable bit CREN.

8.
9.

ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION
START
bit
bit0

RX (pin)

bit1

bit7/8 STOP
bit

Rcv shift
reg
Rcv buffer reg

START
bit
bit0

bit7/8 STOP
bit

bit7/8

STOP
bit

Word 2
RCREG

Word 1
RCREG

Read Rcv
buffer reg
RCREG

START
bit

RCIF
(interrupt flag)
OERR bit
CREN

Note:

This timing diagram shows three words appearing on the RX input. The RCREG (receive buffer) is read after the
third word, causing the OERR (overrun) bit to be set. An overrun error indicates an error in users firmware.

TABLE 11-4:
Address
0Bh,8Bh

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

INTCON

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

TMR2IF

TMR1IF

0000 0000

SREN

CREN

FERR

OERR

RX9D

0000 -00x

0000 0000

TMR2IE

TMR1IE

0000 0000

TRMT

TX9D

0000 -010

0000 0000

0Ch

PIR1

18h

RCSTA

PSPIF

(1)

SPEN

(2)

ADIF

RX9

1Ah

RCREG USART Receive register

8Ch

PIE1

98h

TXSTA

99h

SPBRG

PSPIE(1) ADIE(2)
CSRC

TX9

RCIE

TXIE

TXEN

SYNC

Baud Rate Generator register

SSPIE CCP1IE

BRGH

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented locations read as '0'.

Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous reception.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16C73/73A/76; always maintain these bits clear.
2: Bits ADIE and ADIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits clear.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 71

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
11.2.3

USART SYNCHRONOUS MASTER

MODE

In Synchronous Master mode, the data is transmitted in

a half-duplex manner, i.e., transmission and reception
do not occur at the same time. When transmitting data,
the reception is inhibited and vice versa. Synchronous
mode is entered by setting bit SYNC (TXSTA<4>). In
addition, enable bit SPEN (RCSTA<7>) is set in order
to configure the RC6/TX/CK and RC7/RX/DT I/O pins
to CK (clock) and DT (data) lines, respectively. The
Master mode indicates that the processor transmits the
master clock on the CK line. The Master mode is
entered by setting bit CSRC (TXSTA<7>).

11.2.4

USART SYNCHRONOUS MASTER

TRANSMISSION

The USART transmitter block diagram is shown in

Figure 11-1. The heart of the transmitter is the transmit
(serial) shift register (TSR). The shift register obtains its
data from the read/write transmit buffer register,
TXREG. The TXREG register is loaded with data in
software. The TSR register is not loaded until the last
bit has been transmitted from the previous load. As
soon as the last bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded
with new data from the TXREG (if available). Once the
TXREG register transfers the data to the TSR register
(occurs in one TCYCLE), the TXREG is empty and interrupt flag bit TXIF (PIR1<4>) is set. The interrupt can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit TXIE
(PIE1<4>). Flag bit TXIF will be set, regardless of the
state of enable bit TXIE and cannot be cleared in software. It will reset only when new data is loaded into the
TXREG register. While flag bit TXIF indicates the status
of the TXREG register, another bit TRMT (TXSTA<1>)
shows the status of the TSR register. TRMT is a read
only bit which is set when the TSR is empty. No interrupt logic is tied to this bit, so the user has to poll this
bit in order to determine if the TSR register is empty.
The TSR is not mapped in data memory, so it is not
available to the user.
Transmission is enabled by setting enable bit TXEN
(TXSTA<5>). The actual transmission will not occur
until the TXREG register has been loaded with data.
The first data bit will be shifted out on the next available
rising edge of the clock on the CK line. Data out is stable around the falling edge of the synchronous clock
(Figure 11-6). The transmission can also be started by
first loading the TXREG register and then setting bit
TXEN (Figure 11-7). This is advantageous when slow
baud rates are selected, since the BRG is kept in
RESET when bits TXEN, CREN and SREN are clear.
Setting enable bit TXEN will start the BRG, creating a
shift clock immediately. Normally, when transmission is
first started, the TSR register is empty, so a transfer to
the TXREG register will result in an immediate transfer
to TSR resulting in an empty TXREG. Back-to-back
transfers are possible.

DS30605C-page 72

Clearing enable bit TXEN, during a transmission, will

cause the transmission to be aborted and will reset the
transmitter. The DT and CK pins will revert to
hi-impedance. If either bit CREN, or bit SREN is set
during a transmission, the transmission is aborted and
the DT pin reverts to a hi-impedance state (for a reception). The CK pin will remain an output if bit CSRC is set
(internal clock). The transmitter logic, however, is not
reset, although it is disconnected from the pins. In order
to reset the transmitter, the user has to clear bit TXEN.
If bit SREN is set (to interrupt an on-going transmission
and receive a single word), then after the single word is
received, bit SREN will be cleared and the serial port
will revert back to transmitting, since bit TXEN is still
set. The DT line will immediately switch from
Hi-impedance Receive mode to transmit and start driving. To avoid this, bit TXEN should be cleared.
In order to select 9-bit transmission, the TX9
(TXSTA<6>) bit should be set and the ninth bit should
be written to bit TX9D (TXSTA<0>). The ninth bit must
be written before writing the 8-bit data to the TXREG
register. This is because a data write to the TXREG can
result in an immediate transfer of the data to the TSR
register (if the TSR is empty). If the TSR was empty and
the TXREG was written before writing the new TX9D,
the present value of bit TX9D is loaded.
Steps to follow when setting up a Synchronous Master
Transmission:
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.
7.

Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate

baud rate (Section 11.1).
Enable the synchronous master serial port by
setting bits SYNC, SPEN and CSRC.
If interrupts are desired, set interrupt enable bits
TXIE (PIE1<4>), PEIE (INTCON<6>), and GIE
(INTCON<7>), as required.
If 9-bit transmission is desired, set bit TX9.
Enable the transmission by setting bit TXEN.
If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded in bit TX9D.
Start transmission by loading data to the TXREG
register.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 11-5:

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

INTCON

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

TMR2IF

TMR1IF

0000 0000

SREN

CREN

FERR

OERR

RX9D

0000 -00x

0000 0000

RCIE

TXIE

SSPIE

CCP1IE

0000 0000

TXEN

SYNC

BRGH

0000 -010

0000 0000

Address
0Bh,8Bh

(1)

(2)

0Ch

PIR1

18h

RCSTA

19h

TXREG

USART Transmit Register

8Ch

PIE1

PSPIE(1) ADIE(2)

98h

TXSTA

99h

SPBRG

PSPIF

SPEN

CSRC

ADIF

RX9

TX9

TMR2IE TMR1IE
TRMT

TX9D

Baud Rate Generator Register

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as '0'.

Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master transmission.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/73B; always maintain these bits clear.
2: Bits ADIE and ADIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits clear.

FIGURE 11-6:

SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION

Q1Q2 Q3Q4 Q1 Q2Q3 Q4Q1 Q2Q3 Q4Q1 Q2Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3Q4

RC7/RX/DT
pin

bit 0

bit 1

Q3Q4 Q1Q2 Q3Q4 Q1Q2 Q3Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2Q3 Q4Q1 Q2Q3 Q4Q1 Q2Q3 Q4

bit 2

bit 7

bit 0

bit 1

bit 7

Word 2

Word 1

RC6/TX/CK
pin
Write to
TXREG reg

Write word1

Write word2

TXIF bit
(Interrupt Flag)
TRMT
TRMT bit

TXEN bit

Note: Sync Master mode; SPBRG = 0. Continuous transmission of two 8-bit words.

FIGURE 11-7:

SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (THROUGH TXEN)

RC7/RX/DT pin

bit0

bit1

bit2

bit6

bit7

RC6/TX/CK pin
Write to
TXREG reg

TXIF bit

TRMT bit

TXEN bit

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 73

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
11.2.5

USART SYNCHRONOUS MASTER

RECEPTION

Once Synchronous mode is selected, reception is

enabled by setting either enable bit SREN
(RCSTA<5>), or enable bit CREN (RCSTA<4>). Data is
sampled on the RC7/RX/DT pin on the falling edge of
the clock. If enable bit SREN is set, then only a single
word is received. If enable bit CREN is set, the reception is continuous until CREN is cleared. If both bits are
set, CREN takes precedence. After clocking the last bit,
the received data in the Receive Shift Register (RSR)
is transferred to the RCREG register (if it is empty).
When the transfer is complete, interrupt flag bit RCIF
(PIR1<5>) is set. The interrupt from the USART can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit RCIE
(PIE1<5>). Flag bit RCIF is a read only bit, which is
reset by the hardware. In this case, it is reset when the
RCREG register has been read and is empty. The
RCREG is a double buffered register, i.e., it is a
two-deep FIFO. It is possible for two bytes of data to be
received and transferred to the RCREG FIFO and a
third byte to begin shifting into the RSR register. On the
clocking of the last bit of the third byte, if the RCREG
register is still full, then overrun error bit OERR
(RCSTA<1>) is set. The word in the RSR will be lost.
The RCREG register can be read twice to retrieve the
two bytes in the FIFO. Bit OERR has to be cleared in
software (by clearing bit CREN). If bit OERR is set,
transfers from the RSR to the RCREG are inhibited,
and no further data will be received; therefore, it is
essential to clear bit OERR if it is set. The ninth receive
bit is buffered the same way as the receive data. Reading the RCREG register will load bit RX9D with a new
value, therefore it is essential for the user to read the
RCSTA register before reading RCREG in order not to
lose the old RX9D information.

DS30605C-page 74

Steps to follow when setting up a Synchronous Master

Reception:
1.

Initialize the SPBRG register for the appropriate

baud rate. (Section 11.1)
2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
setting bits SYNC, SPEN, and CSRC.
3. Ensure bits CREN and SREN are clear.
4. If interrupts are desired, set interrupt enable bits
RCIE (PIE1<5>), PEIE (INTCON<6>), and GIE
(INTCON<7>), as required.
5. If 9-bit reception is desired, then set bit RX9.
6. If a single reception is required, set bit SREN.
For continuous reception set bit CREN.
7. Interrupt flag bit RCIF will be set when reception
is complete and an interrupt will be generated if
enable bit RCIE was set.
8. Read the RCSTA register to get the ninth bit (if
enabled) and determine if any error occurred
during reception.
9. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREG register.
10. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
bit CREN.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 11-6:
Address
0Bh,8Bh

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER RECEPTION

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

INTCON

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

TMR2IF

TMR1IF 0000 0000

0000 0000

SREN

CREN

FERR

OERR

(1)

(2)

0Ch

PIR1

18h

RCSTA

1Ah

RCREG

USART Receive register

8Ch

PIE1

PSPIE(1) ADIE(2)

98h

TXSTA

99h

SPBRG

PSPIF

SPEN

CSRC

ADIF

RX9

TX9

RX9D

TXIE

SSPIE

CCP1IE

TMR2IE

TXEN

SYNC

BRGH

TRMT

0000 -00x

0000 0000

RCIE

0000 -00x

0000 0000

TMR1IE 0000 0000

0000 0000

TX9D

0000 -010

0000 0000

Baud Rate Generator register

0000 -010

0000 0000

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as '0'.

Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master reception.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/73B; always maintain these bits clear.
2: Bits ADIE and ADIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits clear.

FIGURE 11-8:

SYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION (MASTER MODE, SREN)

Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

RC7/RX/DT pin

bit0

bit1

bit2

bit3

bit4

bit5

bit6

bit7

RC6/TX/CK pin
Write to
bit SREN
SREN bit
CREN bit '0'

'0'

RCIF bit
(interrupt)
Read
RXREG
Note: Timing diagram demonstrates SYNC Master mode with bit SREN = '1' and bit BRG = '0'.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 75

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
11.3

USART Synchronous Slave Mode

Synchronous Slave mode differs from the Master mode

in the fact that the shift clock is supplied externally at
the RC6/TX/CK pin (instead of being supplied internally
in Master mode). This allows the device to transfer or
receive data while in SLEEP mode. Slave mode is
entered by clearing bit CSRC (TXSTA<7>).

11.3.1

USART SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE

TRANSMIT

The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave

modes are identical, except in the case of the SLEEP
mode.
If two words are written to the TXREG and then the
SLEEP instruction is executed, the following will occur:
a)
b)
c)
d)

The first word will immediately transfer to the

TSR register and transmit.
The second word will remain in TXREG register.
Flag bit TXIF will not be set.
When the first word has been shifted out of TSR,
the TXREG register will transfer the second
word to the TSR and flag bit TXIF will now be
set.
If interrupt enable bits TXIE and PEIE are set,
the interrupt will wake the chip from SLEEP. If
GIE is set, the program will branch to the interrupt vector (0004h), otherwise execution will
resume from the instruction following the SLEEP
instruction.

11.3.2

The operation of the synchronous Master and Slave

modes is identical, except in the case of the SLEEP
mode. Also, bit SREN is a don't care in Slave mode.
If receive is enabled by setting bit CREN prior to the
SLEEP instruction, a word may be received during
SLEEP. On completely receiving the word, the RSR
register will transfer the data to the RCREG register. If
interrupt enable bits RCIE and PEIE are set, the interrupt generated will wake the chip from SLEEP. If the
global interrupt is enabled, the program will branch to
the interrupt vector (0004h), otherwise execution will
resume from the instruction following the SLEEP
instruction.
Steps to follow when setting up a Synchronous Slave
Reception:
1.

3.
4.
5.

Steps to follow when setting up a Synchronous Slave

Transmission:
1.

2.
3.

4.
5.
6.
7.

Enable the synchronous slave serial port by setting bits SYNC and SPEN and clearing bit
CSRC.
Clear bits CREN and SREN.
If interrupts are desired, set interrupt enable bits
TXIE (PIE1<4>), PEIE (INTCON<6>), and GIE
(INTCON<7>), as required.
If 9-bit transmission is desired, set bit TX9.
Enable the transmission by setting enable bit
TXEN.
If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded in bit TX9D.
Start transmission by loading data to the TXREG
register.

DS30605C-page 76

USART SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE

RECEPTION

7.
8.

Enable the synchronous master serial port by

setting bits SYNC and SPEN and clearing bit
CSRC.
If interrupts are desired, set interrupt enable bits
RCIE (PIE1<5>), PEIE (INTCON<6>), and GIE
(INTCON<7>), as required.
If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit RX9.
To enable reception, set enable bit CREN.
Flag bit RCIF will be set when reception is complete and an interrupt will be generated, if
enable bit RCIE was set.
Read the RCSTA register to get the ninth bit (if
enabled) and determine if any error occurred
during reception.
Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREG register.
If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
bit CREN.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 11-7:
Address
0Bh,8Bh

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE TRANSMISSION

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

INTCON

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u
0000 0000

0Ch

PIR1
RCSTA

8Ch

Value on
all other
RESETS

Bit 7

18h
19h

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Name

PSPIF

TXREG

(1)

SPEN

PSPIE

98h

TXSTA

99h

SPBRG

RX9

CCP1IF

TMR2IF

TMR1IF

FERR

OERR

RX9D

0000 -00x

0000 -00x
0000 0000

0000 0000

0000 -010

0000 0000

TXIF

SSPIF

0000 0000

RCIF

SREN CREN

0000 0000

USART Transmit register

(1)

PIE1

ADIF

(2)

CSRC

ADIE

(2)

TX9

RCIE
TXEN

TXIE
SYNC

SSPIE CCP1IE

BRGH

TMR2IE TMR1IE
TRMT

TX9D

Baud Rate Generator register

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as '0'.

Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave transmission.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/73B; always maintain these bits clear.
2: Bits ADIE and ADIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits clear.

TABLE 11-8:
Address
0Bh,8Bh

REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE RECEPTION

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

INTCON

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

TMR2IF

TMR1IF

0000 0000

SREN

CREN

FERR

OERR

RX9D

0000 -00x

0000 0000

RCIE

TXIE

SSPIE

CCP1IE

TMR2IE TMR1IE 0000 0000

0000 0000

TXEN

SYNC

BRGH

0Ch

PIR1

18h

RCSTA

PSPIF

(1)

SPEN

ADIF

(2)

RX9

1Ah

RCREG

USART Receive register

8Ch

PIE1

PSPIE(1) ADIE(2)

98h

TXSTA

99h

SPBRG

CSRC

TX9

Baud Rate Generator register

TRMT

TX9D

0000 -010

0000 0000

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented, read as '0'.

Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave reception.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/73B; always maintain these bits clear.
2: Bits ADIE and ADIF are reserved on the PIC16C63A/65B; always maintain these bits clear.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 77

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 78

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
12.0
Note:

ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
CONVERTER (A/D) MODULE
The PIC16C63A and PIC16C65B do not
include A/D modules. ADCON0, ADCON1
and ADRES registers are not implemented. ADIF and ADIE bits are reserved
and should be maintained clear.

The 8-bit Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter module has

five inputs for the PIC16C73B and eight for the
PIC16C74B.
The A/D allows conversion of an analog input signal to
a corresponding 8-bit digital number. The output of the
sample and hold is the input into the converter, which
generates the result via successive approximation. The
analog reference voltage is software selectable to
either the devices positive supply voltage (VDD), or the
voltage level on the RA3/AN3/VREF pin.

The A/D converter has a unique feature of being able

to operate while the device is in SLEEP mode. To operate in SLEEP, the A/D conversion clock must be
derived from the A/Ds internal RC oscillator.
The A/D module has three registers. These registers
are:
A/D Result Register (ADRES)
A/D Control Register 0 (ADCON0)
A/D Control Register 1 (ADCON1)
The ADCON0 register, shown in Register 12-1, controls the operation of the A/D module. The ADCON1
register, shown in Register 12-2, configures the functions of the port pins. The port pins can be configured
as analog inputs (RA3 can also be a voltage reference),
or as digital I/O.
Additional information on using the A/D module can be
found in the PICmicro Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual (DS33023) and in Application Note,
AN546.

ADCON0 REGISTER (ADDRESS 1Fh)

R/W-0

U-0

R/W-0

ADCS1

ADCS0

CHS2

CHS1

CHS0

GO/DONE

ADON

bit 7

bit 0

bit 7-6

ADCS1:ADCS0: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits

00 = FOSC/2
01 = FOSC/8
10 = FOSC/32
11 = FRC (clock derived from the internal A/D module RC oscillator)

bit 5-3

bit 2

GO/DONE: A/D Conversion Status bit

If ADON = 1:
1 = A/D conversion in progress (setting this bit starts the A/D conversion)
0 = A/D conversion not in progress (this bit is automatically cleared by hardware when the A/D
conversion is complete)

bit 1

Unimplemented: Read as '0'

bit 0

ADON: A/D On bit

1 = A/D converter module is operating
0 = A/D converter module is shut-off and consumes no operating current
Note 1: A/D channels 5, 6 and 7 are implemented on the PIC16C74B only.
Legend:
R = Readable bit

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

x = Bit is unknown

DS30605C-page 79

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
REGISTER 12-2:

ADCON1 REGISTER (ADDRESS 9Fh)

U-0

R/W-0

PCFG2

PCFG1

PCFG0

bit 7

bit 0

bit 7-3

Unimplemented: Read as '0'

bit 2-0

PCFG2:PCFG0: A/D Port Configuration Control bits

PCFG2:PCFG0

RA0

RA1

RA2

RA5

RA3

000
001
010
011
100
101
11x

A
A
A
A
A
A
D

A
A
A
A
D
D
D

A
VREF
A
VREF
A
VREF
D

A = Analog input

RE0(1) RE1(1) RE2(1)

A
A
D
D
D
D
D

VREF
VDD
RA3
VDD
RA3
VDD
RA3
VDD

D = Digital I/O

Note 1: RE0, RE1 and RE2 are implemented on the PIC16C74B only.
Legend:
R = Readable bit

DS30605C-page 80

W = Writable bit

U = Unimplemented bit, read as 0

-n = Value at POR

1 = Bit is set

0 = Bit is cleared

x = Bit is unknown

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
The following steps should be followed for doing an A/D
conversion:
1.

3.
4.
5.

Configure the A/D module:

Configure analog pins, voltage reference,
and digital I/O (ADCON1)
Select A/D input channel (ADCON0)
Select A/D conversion clock (ADCON0)
Turn on A/D module (ADCON0)
Configure A/D interrupt (if desired):
Clear ADIF bit (PIR1<6>)
Set ADIE bit (PIE1<6>)
Set PEIE bit (INTCON<6>)
Set GIE bit (INTCON<7>)

FIGURE 12-1:

Wait the required acquisition time.

Set GO/DONE bit (ADCON0) to start conversion.
Wait for A/D conversion to complete, by either:
Polling for the GO/DONE bit to be cleared (if
interrupts are disabled);
OR
Waiting for the A/D interrupt.

6.
7.

Read A/D result register (ADRES), clear bit

ADIF if required.
For next conversion, go to step 1 or step 2 as
required. The A/D conversion time per bit is
defined as TAD. A minimum wait of 2 TAD is
required before next acquisition starts.

A/D BLOCK DIAGRAM

CHS2:CHS0

111
110
101

RE2/AN7(1)
RE1/AN6(1)
RE0/AN5(1)

100

RA5/AN4

VIN
011

(Input Voltage)

RA3/AN3/VREF

010

RA2/AN2

A/D
Converter
001

RA1/AN1

VREF

VDD
000 or
010 or
100 or
11x

(Reference
Voltage)

000

RA0/AN0

001 or
011 or
101

PCFG2:PCFG0
Note 1: Not available on PIC16C73B.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 81

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
12.1

A/D Acquisition Requirements

For the A/D converter to meet its specified accuracy,

the charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed
to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The
analog input model is shown in Figure 12-2. The
source impedance (RS) and the internal sampling
switch (RSS) impedance directly affect the time
required to charge the capacitor CHOLD. The sampling
switch (RSS) impedance varies over the device voltage
(VDD), Figure 12-2. The source impedance affects the
offset voltage at the analog input (due to pin leakage
current).

FIGURE 12-2:

The maximum recommended impedance for analog sources is 10 k. After the analog input channel is
selected (changed), the acquisition time (TACQ) must
pass before the conversion can be started.
To calculate the minimum acquisition time,
Equation 12-1 may be used. This equation assumes
that 1/2 LSb error is used (512 steps for the A/D). The
1/2 LSb error is the maximum error allowed for the A/D
to meet its specified resolution.
For more information, see the PICmicro Mid-Range
MCU Family Reference Manual (DS33023). In general,
however, given a maximum source impedance of
10 k and a worst case temperature of 100C, TACQ
will be no more than 16 sec.

ANALOG INPUT MODEL

VDD

ANx

RIC 1k

CPIN
5 pF

Sampling
Switch

VT = 0.6 V

RSS
CHOLD
= DAC capacitance
= 51.2 pF

I leakage
500 nA

VSS
Legend:

CPIN

= input capacitance

= threshold voltage

I leakage = leakage current at the pin due to

various junctions
RIC

TACQ

= sampling switch

CHOLD

EQUATION 12-1:

= interconnect resistance

= sample/hold capacitance (from DAC)

6V
5V
VDD 4V
3V
2V

5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Sampling Switch
(k)

ACQUISITION TIME

Amplifier Settling Time +

Hold Capacitor Charging Time +
Temperature Coefficient

TAMP + TC + TCOFF
TAMP = 5 S
TC = - (51.2 pF)(1 k + RSS + RS) In(1/511)
TCOFF = (Temp -25C)(0.05 S/C)

DS30605C-page 82

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
12.2

Selecting the A/D Conversion

Clock

The A/D conversion time per bit is defined as TAD. The

A/D conversion requires 9.5 TAD per 8-bit conversion.
The source of the A/D conversion clock is software
selectable. The four possible options for TAD are:

2 TOSC
8 TOSC
32 TOSC
Internal RC oscillator (2 - 6 S)

For correct A/D conversions, the A/D conversion clock

(TAD) must be selected to ensure a minimum TAD time
(parameter #130).

12.3

Configuring Analog Port Pins

The ADCON1, TRISA and TRISE registers control the

operation of the A/D port pins. The port pins that are
desired as analog inputs must have their corresponding TRIS bits set (input). If the TRIS bit is cleared (output), the digital output level (VOH or VOL) will be
converted.

12.5

The A/D module can operate during SLEEP mode. This

requires that the A/D clock source be set to RC
(ADCS1:ADCS0 = 11). When the RC clock source is
selected, the A/D module waits one instruction cycle
before starting the conversion. This allows the SLEEP
instruction to be executed, which eliminates all digital
switching noise from the conversion. When the conversion is completed, the GO/DONE bit will be cleared,
and the result loaded into the ADRES register. If the
A/D interrupt is enabled, the device will wake-up from
SLEEP. If the A/D interrupt is not enabled, the A/D module will then be turned off, although the ADON bit will
remain set.
When the A/D clock source is another clock option (not
RC), a SLEEP instruction will cause the present conversion to be aborted and the A/D module to be turned off,
though the ADON bit will remain set.
Turning off the A/D places the A/D module in its lowest
current consumption state.
Note:

The A/D operation is independent of the state of the

CHS2:CHS0 bits and the TRIS bits.
Note 1: When reading the port register, all pins
configured as analog input channels will
read as cleared (a low level). Pins configured as digital inputs will convert an analog input. Analog levels on a digitally
configured input will not affect the conversion accuracy.
2: Analog levels on any pin that is defined as
a digital input, but not as an analog input,
may cause the input buffer to consume
current that is out of the devices specification.
3: The TRISE register is not provided on the
PIC16C73B.

12.4
Note:

A/D Conversions
The GO/DONE bit should NOT be set in
the same instruction that turns on the A/D.

Clearing the GO/DONE bit during a conversion will

abort the current conversion. The ADRES register will
NOT be updated with the partially completed A/D conversion sample. That is, the ADRES register will continue to contain the value of the last completed
conversion (or the last value written to the ADRES register). After the A/D conversion is aborted, a 2 TAD wait
is required before the next acquisition is started. After
this 2 TAD wait, an acquisition is automatically started
on the selected channel. The GO/DONE bit can then
be set to start another conversion.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

A/D Operation During SLEEP

12.6

For the A/D module to operate in SLEEP,

the A/D clock source must be set to RC
(ADCS1:ADCS0 = 11). To perform an A/D
conversion in SLEEP, ensure the SLEEP
instruction immediately follows the instruction that sets the GO/DONE bit.

Effects of a RESET

A device RESET forces all registers to their RESET

state. The A/D module is disabled and any conversion
in progress is aborted. All pins with analog functions
are configured as analog inputs.
The ADRES register will contain unknown data after a
Power-on Reset.

12.7

Use of the CCP Trigger

An A/D conversion can be started by the special event

trigger of the CCP2 module. This requires that the
CCP2M3:CCP2M0 bits (CCP2CON<3:0>) be programmed as 1011 and that the A/D module is enabled
(ADON bit is set). When the trigger occurs, the
GO/DONE bit will be set, starting the A/D conversion,
and the Timer1 counter will be reset to zero. Timer1 is
reset to automatically repeat the A/D acquisition period
with minimal software overhead (moving the ADRES to
the desired location). The appropriate analog input
channel must be selected and the minimum acquisition
done before the special event trigger sets the
GO/DONE bit (starts a conversion).
If the A/D module is not enabled (ADON is cleared),
then the special event trigger will be ignored by the
A/D module, but will still reset the Timer1 counter.

DS30605C-page 83

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 12-1:
Address
0Bh,8Bh

SUMMARY OF A/D REGISTERS (PIC16C73B/74B ONLY)

Name

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Value on:
POR,
BOR

Value on
all other
RESETS

INTCON

GIE

PEIE

T0IE

INTE

RBIE

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

0000 000x

0000 000u

0Ch

PIR1

PSPIF(1)

ADIF

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

TMR2IF

TMR1IF

0000 0000

8Ch

PIE1

PSPIE(1)

ADIE

RCIE

TXIE

SSPIE

CCP1IE

TMR2IE

TMR1IE

0000 0000

0Dh

PIR2

CCP1IF

---- ---0

8Dh

PIE2

CCP1IE

---- ---0

1Eh

ADRES

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

1Fh

ADCON0

ADCS1

ADCS0

CHS2

CHS1

CHS0

GO/DONE

ADON

0000 00-0

9Fh

ADCON1

PCFG2

PCFG1

PCFG0

---- -000

--0x 0000

--0u 0000

--11 1111

---- -xxx

---- -uuu

0000 -111

A/D Result register

05h

PORTA

85h

TRISA

09h

PORTE

89h

TRISE

IBF

OBF

RA5

RA4

RA3

RA2

RA1

RA0

RE2

RE1

RE0

PORTA Data Direction register

IBOV

PSPMODE

PORTE Data Direction bits

Legend: x = unknown, u = unchanged, - = unimplemented, read as 0. Shaded cells are not used for A/D conversion.
Note 1: Bits PSPIE and PSPIF are reserved on the PIC6C63A/73B; always maintain these bits clear.

DS30605C-page 84

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
13.0

SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE

CPU

timers that offer necessary delays on power-up. One is

the Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST), intended to keep the
chip in RESET until the crystal oscillator is stable. The
other is the Power-up Timer (PWRT), which provides a
fixed delay of 72 ms (nominal) on power-up only and is
designed to keep the part in RESET, while the power
supply stabilizes. With these two timers on-chip, most
applications need no external RESET circuitry.

What sets a microcontroller apart from other processors are special circuits to deal with the needs of realtime applications. The PIC16CXX family has a host of
such features intended to maximize system reliability,
minimize cost through elimination of external components, provide power saving operating modes and offer
code protection. These are:

SLEEP mode is designed to offer a very low current

power-down mode. The user can wake-up from SLEEP
through external RESET, WDT wake-up or through an
interrupt.

Oscillator selection
RESET
- Power-on Reset (POR)
- Power-up Timer (PWRT)
- Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
- Brown-out Reset (BOR)
Interrupts
Watchdog Timer (WDT)
SLEEP
Code protection
ID locations
In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP)

Several oscillator options are also made available to

allow the part to fit the application. The RC oscillator
option saves system cost, while the LP crystal option
saves power. A set of configuration bits are used to
select various options.

13.1

The configuration bits can be programmed (read as '0')

or left unprogrammed (read as '1') to select various
device configurations. These bits are mapped in program memory location 2007h.
The user will note that address 2007h is beyond the
user program memory space, and can be accessed
only during programming.

The PIC16CXX has a Watchdog Timer which can be

shut off only through configuration bits. It runs off its
own RC oscillator for added reliability. There are two

Configuration Bits

CONFIGURATION WORD (CONFIG 2007h)

CP0

CP1

CP0

CP1

CP0

BODEN

bit 13

CP1

CP0

PWRTE WDTE FOSC1 FOSC0

bit 0

bits 13-8, CP1:CP0: Code Protection bits(2)

5-4 11 = Code protection off
10 = Upper half of program memory code protected
01 = Upper 3/4th of program memory code protected
00 = All memory is code protected
bit 7

Unimplemented: Read as '1'

bit 6

BODEN: Brown-out Reset Enable bit(1)

1 = BOR enabled
0 = BOR disabled

bit 3

PWRTE: Power-up Timer Enable bit(1)

1 = PWRT disabled
0 = PWRT enabled

bit 2

WDTE: Watchdog Timer Enable bit

1 = WDT enabled
0 = WDT disabled

bit 1-0

FOSC1:FOSC0: Oscillator Selection bits

11 = RC oscillator
10 = HS oscillator
01 = XT oscillator
00 = LP oscillator
Note 1: Enabling Brown-out Reset automatically enables Power-up Timer (PWRT), regardless of the value of
PWRTE.
2: All of the CP1:CP0 pairs have to be given the same value to enable the code protection scheme listed.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 85

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
13.2
13.2.1

Oscillator Configurations

LP
XT
HS
RC

13.2.2

CRYSTAL/CERAMIC
RESONATOR OPERATION
(HS, XT OR LP
OSC CONFIGURATION)

OSCILLATOR TYPES

The PIC16CXX can be operated in four different oscillator modes. The user can program two configuration
bits (FOSC1 and FOSC0) to select one of these four
modes:

FIGURE 13-1:

Low Power Crystal

Crystal/Resonator
High Speed Crystal/Resonator
Resistor/Capacitor

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR/CERAMIC
RESONATORS

In XT, LP, or HS modes, a crystal or ceramic resonator

is connected to the OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT
pins to establish oscillation (Figure 13-1). The
PIC16CXX oscillator design requires the use of a parallel cut crystal. Use of a series cut crystal may give a
frequency out of the crystal manufacturers specifications. When in XT, LP or HS modes, the device can
have an external clock source to drive the OSC1/
CLKIN pin (Figure 13-2). See the PICmicro MidRange MCU Reference Manual (DS33023) for details
on building an external oscillator.

DS30605C-page 86

OSC1

To internal
logic

C1
XTAL

OSC2

SLEEP
PIC16CXX

RS
C2

(Note 1)

See Table 13-1 and Table 13-2 for recommended values of C1

and C2.
Note 1: A series resistor may be required for AT strip cut crystals.

FIGURE 13-2:

EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT

OPERATION (HS, XT OR
LP OSC CONFIGURATION)
OSC1

Clock from
ext. system

PIC16CXX
Open

OSC2

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 13-1:

CERAMIC RESONATORS

Ranges Tested:
Mode

Freq

OSC1

OSC2

455 kHz
2.0 MHz
4.0 MHz

68 - 100 pF
15 - 68 pF
15 - 68 pF

8.0 MHz
16.0 MHz

10 - 68 pF
10 - 22 pF

Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability

of the oscillator, but also increases the
start-up time.

10 - 68 pF
10 - 22 pF

Note:

2: Since each resonator/crystal has its own

characteristics, the user should consult
the resonator/crystal manufacturer for
appropriate values of external components.

These values are for design guidance only.

See notes following Table 13-1 and Table 13-2.

3: Rs may be required in HS mode, as well

as XT mode, to avoid overdriving crystals
with low drive level specification.

Resonators Used:

455 kHz

Panasonic EFO-A455K04B

0.3%

2.0 MHz

Murata Erie CSA2.00MG

0.5%

4.0 MHz

Murata Erie CSA4.00MG

0.5%

8.0 MHz

Murata Erie CSA8.00MT

0.5%

16.0 MHz

Murata Erie CSA16.00MX

0.5%

Note:

Resonators used did not have built-in capacitors.

TABLE 13-2:
Osc Type

CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
Crystal
Freq

Cap. Range
C1

Cap. Range
C2

32 kHz

15 pF

47-68 pF

1 MHz

15 pF

4 MHz

15 pF

4 MHz

33 pF

15 pF

200 kHz

33 pF

200 kHz

15 pF

8 MHz

Note:

15-33 pF
15-33 pF

15-33 pF

13.2.3

RC OSCILLATOR

For timing insensitive applications, the RC device

option offers additional cost savings. The RC oscillator
frequency is a function of the supply voltage, the resistor (REXT) and capacitor (CEXT) values, and the operating temperature. The oscillator frequency will vary from
unit to unit due to normal process variation. The difference in lead frame capacitance between package
types will also affect the oscillation frequency, especially for low CEXT values. The user also needs to take
into account variation due to tolerance of external R
and C components used. Figure 13-3 shows how the
R/C combination is connected to the PIC16CXX.
The oscillator frequency, divided by 4, is available on
the OSC2/CLKOUT pin, and can be used for test purposes or to synchronize other logic (see Figure 3-2 for
waveform).

15-33 pF

20 MHz

4: Oscillator performance should be verified

at the expected voltage and temperature
extremes in which the application is
expected to operate.

FIGURE 13-3:

RC OSCILLATOR MODE

V DD

These values are for design guidance only.

See notes following Table 13-1 and Table 13-2.

REXT

Crystals Used:
32 kHz

Epson C-001R32.768K-A

200 kHz

Internal
Clock

OSC1

20 PPM

STD XTL 200.000KHz

20 PPM

CEXT

1 MHz

ECS ECS-10-13-1

50 PPM

VSS

4 MHz

ECS ECS-40-20-1

50 PPM

8 MHz

EPSON CA-301 8.000M-C

30 PPM

20 MHz

EPSON CA-301 20.000M-C

30 PPM

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16CXX

FOSC/4

OSC2/CLKOUT

Recommended Values: REXT = 3 kW to 100 kW

CEXT = 20 pf to 30 pF

DS30605C-page 87

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
13.3

RESET

The PIC16CXX differentiates between various kinds of

RESET:

Power-on Reset (POR)

MCLR Reset during normal operation
MCLR Reset during SLEEP
WDT Reset (normal operation)
Brown-out Reset (BOR)

A simplified block diagram of the on-chip RESET circuit

is shown in Figure 13-4.

Some registers are not affected in any RESET condition; their status is unknown on POR and unchanged in
any other RESET. Most other registers are reset to a
RESET state on POR, on the MCLR and WDT Reset,

FIGURE 13-4:

on MCLR Reset during SLEEP, and on BOR. The TO

and PD bits are set or cleared differently in different
RESET situations, as indicated in Table 13-4. These
bits are used in software to determine the nature of the
RESET. See Table 13-6 for a full description of RESET
states of all registers.

The PICmicro devices have a MCLR noise filter in the

MCLR Reset path. The filter will detect and ignore
small pulses.
It should be noted that internal RESET sources do not
drive MCLR pin low.

SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT

External
RESET

MCLR

SLEEP
WDT
Time-out
Reset

WDT
Module
VDD Rise
Detect

Power-on Reset

VDD
Brown-out
Reset

BODEN

OST/PWRT
OST

Chip Reset

10-bit Ripple Counter

OSC1

(Note 1)
PWRT
On-chip
10-bit Ripple Counter
RC OSC

Enable PWRT
Enable OST
Note 1: This is a separate oscillator from the RC oscillator of the CLKIN pin.

DS30605C-page 88

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
13.4
13.4.1

RESETS
POWER-ON RESET (POR)

A Power-on Reset pulse is generated on-chip when

VDD rise is detected (parameters D003 and D004, in
the range of 1.5V - 2.1V). To take advantage of the
POR, just tie the MCLR pin directly (or through a resistor) to VDD. This will eliminate external RC components
usually needed to create a POR.
When the device starts normal operation (exits the
RESET condition), device operating parameters (voltage, frequency, temperature) must be met to ensure
operation. If these conditions are not met, the device
must be held in RESET until the operating conditions
are met. The device may be held in RESET by keeping
MCLR at Vss.
For additional information, refer to Application Note
AN607, Power-up Trouble Shooting.

13.4.2

POWER-UP TIMER (PWRT)

The Power-up Timer provides a fixed 72 ms nominal

time-out on power-up from the POR. The PWRT operates on an internal RC oscillator. The device is kept in
RESET as long as the PWRT is active. The PWRTs
time delay allows VDD to rise to an acceptable level. A
configuration bit is provided to enable/disable the
PWRT.
The power-up time delay will vary from chip to chip, due
to VDD, temperature and process variation. See DC
parameters for details (TPWRT, parameter #33).

13.4.3

OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER

(OST)

The Oscillator Start-up Timer provides a delay of 1024

oscillator cycles (from OSC1 input) after the PWRT
delay, if enabled. This helps to ensure that the crystal
oscillator or resonator has started and stabilized.
The OST time-out is invoked only for XT, LP and HS
modes and only on Power-on Reset or wake-up from
SLEEP.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

13.4.4

BROWN-OUT RESET (BOR)

The configuration bit, BODEN, can enable or disable

the Brown-out Reset circuit. If VDD falls below VBOR
(parameter D005, about 4V) for longer than TBOR
(parameter #35, about 100S), the brown-out situation
will reset the device. If VDD falls below VBOR for less
than TBOR, a RESET may not occur.
Once the brown-out occurs, the device will remain in
Brown-out Reset until VDD rises above VBOR. The
Power-up Timer then keeps the device in RESET for
TPWRT (parameter #33, about 72mS). If VDD should fall
below VBOR during TPWRT, the Brown-out Reset process will restart when VDD rises above VBOR with the
Power-up Timer Reset. The Power-up Timer is always
enabled when the Brown-out Reset circuit is enabled,
regardless of the state of the PWRT configuration bit.

13.4.5

TIME-OUT SEQUENCE

On power-up, the time-out sequence is as follows: the

PWRT delay starts (if enabled) when a POR occurs.
Then, OST starts counting 1024 oscillator cycles when
PWRT ends (LP, XT, HS). When the OST ends, the
device comes out of RESET.
If MCLR is kept low long enough, the time-outs will
expire. Bringing MCLR high will begin execution immediately. This is useful for testing purposes or to synchronize more than one PIC16CXX device operating in
parallel.
Table 13-5 shows the RESET conditions for the
STATUS, PCON and PC registers, while Table 13-6
shows the RESET conditions for all the registers.

13.4.6

POWER CONTROL/STATUS
REGISTER (PCON)

The Brown-out Reset Status bit, BOR, is unknown on a

POR. It must be set by the user and checked on subsequent RESETS to see if bit BOR was cleared, indicating a BOR occurred. The BOR bit is not predictable
if the Brown-out Reset circuitry is disabled.
The Power-on Reset Status bit, POR, is cleared on a
POR and unaffected otherwise. The user must set this
bit following a POR and check it on subsequent
RESETS to see if it has been cleared.

DS30605C-page 89

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 13-3:

TIME-OUT IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS

Power-up

Oscillator Configuration

Brown-out

Wake-up from SLEEP

1024TOSC

72 ms + 1024TOSC

1024TOSC

72 ms

PWRTE = 0

PWRTE = 1

XT, HS, LP

72 ms + 1024TOSC

72 ms

TABLE 13-4:

STATUS BITS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

POR

BOR

Power-on Reset

Illegal, TO is set on POR

Illegal, PD is set on POR

Brown-out Reset

WDT Reset

WDT Wake-up

MCLR Reset during normal operation

MCLR Reset during SLEEP or interrupt wake-up from SLEEP

Legend: x = dont care, u = unchanged

TABLE 13-5:

RESET CONDITION FOR SPECIAL REGISTERS

Program
Counter

STATUS
Register

PCON
Register

Power-on Reset

000h

0001 1xxx

---- --0x

MCLR Reset during normal operation

000h

000u uuuu

---- --uu

MCLR Reset during SLEEP

000h

0001 0uuu

---- --uu

WDT Reset

000h

0000 1uuu

---- --uu

PC + 1

uuu0 0uuu

---- --uu

000h

000x xuuu

---- --u0

uuu1 0uuu

---- --uu

Condition

WDT Wake-up
Brown-out Reset
Interrupt wake-up from SLEEP

PC +

1(1)

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as '0'

Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0004h).

RP1

DS30605C-page 90

STATUS REGISTER
RP0

POR

BOR

PCON REGISTER

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 13-6:
Register

INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS

Applicable Devices

Power-on Reset
Brown-out Reset

MCLR Resets
WDT Reset

Wake-up via WDT or

Interrupt

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

INDF

63A

65B

73B

74B

N/A

TMR0

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

PCL

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000h

PC + 1(2)

STATUS

63A

65B

73B

74B

0001 1xxx

000q quuu(3)

uuuq quuu(3)

FSR

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

PORTA

63A

65B

73B

74B

--0x 0000

--0u 0000

--uu uuuu

PORTB

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

uuuu uuuu
N/A
uuuu uuuu

PORTC

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

PORTD

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

PORTE

63A

65B

73B

74B

---- -xxx

---- -uuu

PCLATH

63A

65B

73B

74B

---0 0000

---u uuuu

INTCON

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 000x

0000 000u

uuuu uuuu(1)

63A

65B

73B

74B

-0-- 0000

-u-- uuuu(1)

63A

65B

73B

74B

-000 0000

-uuu uuuu(1)

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 0000

uuuu uuuu(1)

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 0000

uuuu uuuu(1)

PIR2

63A

65B

73B

74B

---- ---0

---- ---u(1)

TMR1L

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

TMR1H

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

T1CON

63A

65B

73B

74B

--00 0000

--uu uuuu

TMR2

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 0000

uuuu uuuu

T2CON

63A

65B

73B

74B

-000 0000

-uuu uuuu

SSPBUF

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

SSPCON

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 0000

uuuu uuuu

CCPR1L

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

CCPR1H

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

CCP1CON

63A

65B

73B

74B

--00 0000

--uu uuuu

RCSTA

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 -00x

uuuu -uuu

TXREG

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 0000

uuuu uuuu

RCREG

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 0000

uuuu uuuu

CCPR2L

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

CCPR2H

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

CCP2CON

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 0000

uuuu uuuu

ADRES

63A

65B

73B

74B

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

PIR1

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as 0, q = value depends on condition

Note 1: One or more bits in INTCON, PIR1 and/or PIR2 will be affected (to cause wake-up).
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIE bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt vector
(0004h).
3: See Table 13-5 for RESET value for specific condition.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 91

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 13-6:
Register

INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)

Applicable Devices

Power-on Reset
Brown-out Reset

MCLR Resets
WDT Reset

Wake-up via WDT or

Interrupt

ADCON0

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 00-0

uuuu uu-u

OPTION_REG

63A

65B

73B

74B

1111 1111

uuuu uuuu

TRISA

63A

65B

73B

74B

--11 1111

--uu uuuu

TRISB

63A

65B

73B

74B

1111 1111

uuuu uuuu

TRISC

63A

65B

73B

74B

1111 1111

uuuu uuuu

TRISD

63A

65B

73B

74B

1111 1111

uuuu uuuu

TRISE

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 -111

uuuu -uuu

63A

65B

73B

74B

--00 0000

--uu uuuu

63A

65B

73B

74B

0-00 0000

u-uu uuuu

63A

65B

73B

74B

-000 0000

-uuu uuuu

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 0000

uuuu uuuu

PIE2

63A

65B

73B

74B

---- ---0

---- ---u

PCON

63A

65B

73B

74B

---- --0q

---- --uu

PR2

63A

65B

73B

74B

1111 1111

SSPADD

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 0000

uuuu uuuu

SSPSTAT

63A

65B

73B

74B

--00 0000

--uu uuuu

TXSTA

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 -010

uuuu -uuu

SPBRG

63A

65B

73B

74B

0000 0000

uuuu uuuu

ADCON1

63A

65B

73B

74B

---- -000

---- -uuu

PIE1

(3)

Legend: u = unchanged, x = unknown, - = unimplemented bit, read as 0, q = value depends on condition

DS30605C-page 92

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
13.5

Interrupts

The Interrupt Control register (INTCON) records individual interrupt requests in flag bits. It also has individual and global interrupt enable bits.
Note:

Individual interrupt flag bits are set, regardless of the status of their corresponding
mask bit, or the GIE bit.

A global interrupt enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>),

enables (if set) all unmasked interrupts, or disables (if
cleared) all interrupts. When bit GIE is enabled, and an
interrupts flag bit and mask bit are set, the interrupt will
vector immediately. Individual interrupts can be disabled through their corresponding enable bits in various registers. Individual interrupt bits are set,
regardless of the status of the GIE bit. The GIE bit is
cleared on RESET.
The return from interrupt instruction, RETFIE, exits
the interrupt routine, as well as sets the GIE bit, which
re-enables interrupts.
The RB0/INT pin interrupt, the RB port change interrupt
and the TMR0 overflow interrupt flags are contained in
the INTCON register.
The peripheral interrupt flags are contained in the special function registers PIR1 and PIR2. The corresponding interrupt enable bits are contained in special
function registers PIE1 and PIE2 and the peripheral
interrupt enable bit is contained in special function register INTCON.

Note:

If an interrupt occurs while the Global Interrupt Enable (GIE) bit is being cleared, the
GIE bit may unintentionally be re-enabled
by the users Interrupt Service Routine (the
RETFIE instruction). The events that
would cause this to occur are:

1. An instruction clears the GIE bit while an

interrupt is acknowledged.
2. The program branches to the interrupt
vector and executes the Interrupt
Service Routine.
3. The Interrupt Service Routine completes
the execution of the RETFIE instruction.
This causes the GIE bit to be set
(enables interrupts), and the program
returns to the instruction after the one
which was meant to disable interrupts.
Perform the following to ensure that interrupts are globally disabled:
LOOP BCF

INTCON, GIE

BTFSC INTCON, GIE

GOTO
:

LOOP

;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;

Disable global
interrupt bit
Global interrupt
disabled?
NO, try again
Yes, continue
with program
flow

When an interrupt is responded to, the GIE bit is

cleared to disable any further interrupt, the return
address is pushed onto the stack, and the PC is loaded
with 0004h. Once in the Interrupt Service Routine, the
source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling
the interrupt flag bits. The interrupt flag bit(s) must be
cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to
avoid recursive interrupts.
For external interrupt events, such as the INT pin or
PORTB change interrupt, the interrupt latency will be
three or four instruction cycles. The exact latency
depends when the interrupt event occurs. The latency
is the same for one or two cycle instructions. Individual
interrupt flag bits are set, regardless of the status of
their corresponding mask bit, PEIE bit, or the GIE bit.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 93

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 13-5:

INTERRUPT LOGIC

PSPIF
PSPIE
ADIF
ADIE

Wake-up (If in SLEEP mode)

T0IF
T0IE
RCIF
RCIE

INTF
INTE
TXIF
TXIE
SSPIF
SSPIE

Interrupt to CPU

RBIF
RBIE
PEIE

CCP1IF
CCP1IE

GIE

TMR2IF
TMR2IE
TMR1IF
TMR1IE
CCP2IF
CCP2IE

The following table shows which devices have which interrupts.

Device

T0IF

INTF

RBIF

PSPIF

ADIF

RCIF

TXIF

SSPIF

CCP1IF

TMR2IF

TMR1IF

CCP2IF

PIC16C63A

Yes

PIC16C65B

Yes

PIC16C73B

Yes

PIC16C74B

Yes

13.5.1

INT INTERRUPT

The external interrupt on RB0/INT pin is edge triggered: either rising if bit INTEDG (OPTION_REG<6>)
is set, or falling if the INTEDG bit is clear. When a valid
edge appears on the RB0/INT pin, flag bit INTF
(INTCON<1>) is set. This interrupt can be disabled by
clearing enable bit INTE (INTCON<4>). Flag bit INTF
must be cleared in software in the Interrupt Service
Routine before re-enabling this interrupt. The INT interrupt can wake-up the processor from SLEEP, if bit INTE
was set prior to going into SLEEP. The status of global
interrupt enable bit GIE decides whether or not the processor branches to the interrupt vector following wakeup. See Section 13.8 for details on SLEEP mode.

13.5.2

13.5.3

PORTB INTERRUPT-ON-CHANGE

An input change on PORTB<7:4> sets flag bit RBIF

(INTCON<0>). The interrupt can be enabled/disabled
by setting/clearing enable bit RBIE (INTCON<4>).
(Section 5.2)
Note:

If a change on the I/O pin should occur

when the read operation is being executed
(start of the Q2 cycle), then the RBIF interrupt flag may not get set.

TMR0 INTERRUPT

An overflow (FFh 00h) in the TMR0 register will set

flag bit T0IF (INTCON<2>). The interrupt can be
enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit T0IE
(INTCON<5>) (see Section 6.0).

DS30605C-page 94

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
13.6

Context Saving During Interrupts

During an interrupt, only the return PC value is saved

on the stack. Users may wish to save key registers during an interrupt i.e., W register and STATUS register.
This will have to be implemented in software.
Example 13-1 stores and restores the STATUS, W, and
PCLATH registers. The register W_TEMP must be
defined in each bank and must be defined at the same
offset from the bank base address (i.e., if W_TEMP is
defined at 0x20 in bank 0, it must also be defined at
0xA0 in bank 1).

EXAMPLE 13-1:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Stores the W register.

Stores the STATUS register in bank 0.
Stores the PCLATH register.
Executes the ISR code.
Restores the STATUS register
(and bank select bit).
Restores the W and PCLATH registers.

SAVING STATUS, W, AND PCLATH REGISTERS IN RAM

MOVWF
SWAPF
CLRF
MOVWF
MOVF
MOVWF
:
(ISR)
:
MOVF
MOVWF
SWAPF

W_TEMP
STATUS,W
STATUS
STATUS_TEMP
PCLATH, W
PCLATH_TEMP

MOVWF
SWAPF
SWAPF

STATUS
W_TEMP,F
W_TEMP,W

13.7

The example:

;Copy
;Swap
;bank
;Save
;Only
;Save

W to TEMP register, could be bank one or zero

status to be saved into W
0, regardless of current bank, Clears IRP,RP1,RP0
status to bank zero STATUS_TEMP register
required if using pages 1, 2 and/or 3
PCLATH into W

;User ISR code goes here

PCLATH_TEMP, W
PCLATH
STATUS_TEMP, W

;Restore PCLATH
;Move W into PCLATH
;Swap STATUS_TEMP register into W
;(sets bank to original state)
;Move W into STATUS register
;Swap W_TEMP
;Swap W_TEMP into W

Watchdog Timer (WDT)

13.7.1

WDT PERIOD

The Watchdog Timer is a free running on-chip RC oscillator, which does not require any external components.
This RC oscillator is separate from the RC oscillator of
the OSC1/CLKIN pin. The WDT will run, even if the
clock on the OSC1/CLKIN and OSC2/CLKOUT pins of
the device has been stopped, for example, by execution of a SLEEP instruction.

The WDT has a nominal time-out period of 18 ms

(parameter #31, TWDT). The time-out periods vary with
temperature, VDD, and process variations. If longer
time-out periods are desired, a prescaler with a division
ratio of up to 1:128 can be assigned to the WDT under
software control, by writing to the OPTION register.
Time-out periods up to 128 TWDT can be realized.

During normal operation, a WDT time-out generates a

device RESET (Watchdog Timer Reset). If the device is
in SLEEP mode, a WDT time-out causes the device to
wake-up and resume normal operation (Watchdog
Timer Wake-up).

The CLRWDT and SLEEP instructions clear the WDT

and the postscaler, if assigned to the WDT. In addition,
the SLEEP instruction prevents the WDT from generating a RESET, but will allow the WDT to wake the device
from SLEEP mode.

The WDT can be permanently disabled by clearing

configuration bit WDTE (Section 13.1).

The TO bit in the STATUS register will be cleared upon

a WDT time-out.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 95

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
13.7.2

WDT PROGRAMMING
CONSIDERATIONS

It should also be taken into account that under worst

case conditions (VDD = Min., Temperature = Max., and
max. WDT prescaler), it may take several seconds
before a WDT time-out occurs.
Note:

When a CLRWDT instruction is executed

and the prescaler is assigned to the WDT,
the prescaler count will be cleared, but the
prescaler assignment is not changed.

FIGURE 13-6:

WATCHDOG TIMER BLOCK DIAGRAM

From TMR0 Clock Source
(Figure 6-1)
0
WDT Timer

Postscaler

M
U
X

8
8 - to - 1 MUX

PS2:PS0

PSA

WDT
Enable Bit

To TMR0 MUX (Figure 6-1)

1
MUX

PSA

WDT
Time-out
Note: PSA and PS2:PS0 are bits in the OPTION register.

TABLE 13-7:
Address

SUMMARY OF WATCHDOG TIMER REGISTERS

Name

2007h

Config. bits

81h

OPTION_REG

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

BODEN(1)

CP1

CP0

PWRTE(1)

WDTE

FOSC1

FOSC0

RBPU

INTEDG

T0CS

T0SE

PSA

PS2

PS1

PS0

Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the Watchdog Timer.

Note 1: See Register 13-1 for operation of these bits.

DS30605C-page 96

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
13.8

Power-down Mode (SLEEP)

Power-down mode is entered by executing a SLEEP

instruction.
If enabled, the WDT will be cleared but keeps running,
the PD bit (STATUS<3>) is cleared, the TO (STATUS<4>) bit is set, and the oscillator driver is turned off.
The I/O ports maintain the status they had, before the
SLEEP instruction was executed (driving high, low, or
hi-impedance).
For lowest current consumption in this mode, place all
I/O pins at either VDD or VSS, ensure no external circuitry is drawing current from the I/O pin, power-down
the A/D, and disable external clocks. Pull all I/O pins
that are hi-impedance inputs, high or low externally, to
avoid switching currents caused by floating inputs. The
T0CKI input should also be at VDD or VSS for lowest
current consumption. The contribution from on-chip
pull-ups on PORTB should also be considered.
The MCLR pin must be at a logic high level (VIHMC).

13.8.1

WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP

The device can wake up from SLEEP through one of

the following events:
1.
2.
3.

External RESET input on MCLR pin.

Watchdog Timer Wake-up (if WDT was
enabled).
Interrupt from INT pin, RB port change or a
Peripheral Interrupt.

External MCLR Reset will cause a device RESET. All

other events are considered a continuation of program
execution and cause a wake-up. The TO and PD bits
in the STATUS register can be used to determine the
cause of device RESET. The PD bit, which is set on
power-up, is cleared when SLEEP is invoked. The TO
bit is cleared if a WDT time-out occurred (and caused
wake-up).
The following peripheral interrupts can wake the device
from SLEEP:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Other peripherals cannot generate interrupts since during SLEEP, no on-chip Q clocks are present.
When the SLEEP instruction is being executed, the next
instruction (PC + 1) is pre-fetched. For the device to
wake-up through an interrupt event, the corresponding
interrupt enable bit must be set (enabled). Wake-up is
regardless of the state of the GIE bit. If the GIE bit is
clear (disabled), the device continues execution at the
instruction after the SLEEP instruction. If the GIE bit is
set (enabled), the device executes the instruction after
the SLEEP instruction and then branches to the interrupt address (0004h). In cases where the execution of
the instruction following SLEEP is not desirable, the
user should have a NOP after the SLEEP instruction.

13.8.2

WAKE-UP USING INTERRUPTS

When global interrupts are disabled (GIE cleared) and

any interrupt source has both its interrupt enable bit
and interrupt flag bit set, one of the following will occur:
If the interrupt occurs before the execution of a
SLEEP instruction, the SLEEP instruction will complete as a NOP. Therefore, the WDT and WDT
postscaler will not be cleared, the TO bit will not
be set and PD bit will not be cleared.
If the interrupt occurs during or after the execution of a SLEEP instruction, the device will immediately wake up from sleep. The SLEEP
instruction will be completely executed before the
wake-up. Therefore, the WDT and WDT
postscaler will be cleared, the TO bit will be set
and the PD bit will be cleared.
Even if the flag bits were checked before executing a
SLEEP instruction, it may be possible for flag bits to
become set before the SLEEP instruction completes. To
determine whether a SLEEP instruction executed, test
the PD bit. If the PD bit is set, the SLEEP instruction
was executed as a NOP.
To ensure that the WDT is cleared, a CLRWDT instruction should be executed before a SLEEP instruction.

TMR1 interrupt. Timer1 must be operating as an

asynchronous counter.
SSP (START/STOP) bit detect interrupt.
SSP transmit or receive in Slave mode
(SPI/I2C).
CCP Capture mode interrupt.
Parallel Slave port read or write
(PIC16C65B/74B only).
A/D conversion (when A/D clock source is RC).
USART TX or RX (Synchronous Slave mode).

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 97

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 13-7:

WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP THROUGH INTERRUPT

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Q1 Q2 Q3

OSC1
TOST(2)

CLKOUT(4)
INT pin
INTF Flag
(INTCON<1>)

Interrupt Latency

GIE bit
(INTCON<7>)

(2)

Processor in
SLEEP

INSTRUCTION FLOW
PC

Instruction
Fetched

Inst(PC) = SLEEP

Instruction
Executed

Inst(PC - 1)

Note

13.9

1:
2:
3:
4:

PC+1

PC+2

SLEEP

Inst(PC + 1)

0005h
Inst(0005h)

Dummy cycle

Inst(0004h)

XT, HS or LP oscillator mode assumed.

TOST = 1024Tosc (drawing not to scale). This delay is not present in RC osc mode.
GIE = 1 assumed. After wake- up, the processor jumps to the interrupt routine. If GIE = 0, execution will continue in-line.
CLKOUT is not available in these osc modes, but shown here for timing reference.

Program Verification/Code
Protection

Microchip does not recommend code protecting windowed devices. Devices that
are code protected may be erased, but not
programmed again.

13.10 ID Locations
Four memory locations (2000h - 2003h) are designated
as ID locations where the user can store checksum or
other code identification numbers. These locations are
not accessible during normal execution, but are readable and writable during program/verify. It is recommended that only the four least significant bits of the ID
location are used.

13.11

Dummy cycle

0004h
Inst(0004h)

Inst(PC + 2)

If the code protection bit(s) have not been programmed, the on-chip program memory can be read
out for verification purposes.
Note:

PC + 2

PC+2

Inst(PC + 1)

In-Circuit Serial Programming

PIC16CXX microcontrollers can be serially programmed while in the end application circuit. This is
simply done with two lines for clock and data, and three
other lines for power, ground and the programming
voltage. This allows customers to manufacture boards
with unprogrammed devices, and then program the
microcontroller just before shipping the product. This
also allows the most recent firmware or a custom firmware to be programmed.

The device is placed into a Program/Verify mode by

holding the RB6 and RB7 pins low, while raising the
MCLR (VPP) pin from VIL to VIHH (see programming
specification). RB6 becomes the programming clock
and RB7 becomes the programming data. Both RB6
and RB7 are Schmitt Trigger inputs in this mode.
After RESET, to place the device into Programming/
Verify mode, the program counter (PC) is at location
00h. A 6-bit command is then supplied to the device.
Depending on the command, 14 bits of program data are
then supplied to or from the device, depending if the
command was a load or a read. For complete details of
serial programming, please refer to the PIC16C6X/7X
Programming Specifications (Literature #DS30228).

FIGURE 13-8:

External
Connector
Signals

TYPICAL IN-CIRCUIT
SERIAL PROGRAMMING
CONNECTION
To Normal
Connections
PIC16CXX

+5V

VDD

VSS

VPP

MCLR/VPP

CLK

RB6

Data I/O

RB7

VDD
To Normal
Connections

DS30605C-page 98

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
14.0

INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Each PIC16CXX instruction is a 14-bit word divided

into an OPCODE, which specifies the instruction type
and one or more operands, which further specify the
operation of the instruction. The PIC16CXX instruction
set summary in Table 14-2 lists byte-oriented, bit-oriented, and literal and control operations. Table 14-1
shows the opcode field descriptions.
For byte-oriented instructions, f represents a file register designator and d represents a destination designator. The file register designator specifies which file
register is to be used by the instruction.
The destination designator specifies where the result of
the operation is to be placed. If d is zero, the result is
placed in the W register. If d is one, the result is placed
in the file register specified in the instruction.
For bit-oriented instructions, b represents a bit field
designator which selects the number of the bit affected
by the operation, while f represents the address of the
file in which the bit is located.

The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped

into three basic categories:
Byte-oriented operations
Bit-oriented operations
Literal and control operations
All instructions are executed within one single instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction.
In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles
with the second cycle executed as a NOP. One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for
an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction
execution time is 1 s. If a conditional test is true or the
program counter is changed as a result of an instruction, the instruction execution time is 2 s.
Table 14-2 lists the instructions recognized by the
MPASMTM assembler.
Figure 14-1 shows the general formats that the instructions can have.
Note:

For literal and control operations, k represents an

eight or eleven bit constant or literal value.

TABLE 14-1:

OPCODE FIELD
DESCRIPTIONS

Field

Description

To maintain upward compatibility with

future PIC16CXX products, do not use the
OPTION and TRIS instructions.

All examples use the following format to represent a

hexadecimal number:
0xhh

Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F)

where h signifies a hexadecimal digit.

Working register (accumulator)

FIGURE 14-1:

Bit address within an 8-bit file register

Literal field, constant data or label

Dont care location (= 0 or 1)

The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the
recommended form of use for compatibility with all
Microchip software tools.

Destination select; d = 0: store result in W,

d = 1: store result in file register f.
Default is d = 1

label Label name

TOS
PC

Top-of-Stack

Byte-oriented file register operations

13
8 7 6
OPCODE
d
f (FILE #)

Bit-oriented file register operations

13
10 9
7 6
OPCODE
b (BIT #)
f (FILE #)

Program Counter

Global Interrupt Enable bit

WDT

d = 0 for destination W
d = 1 for destination f
f = 7-bit file register address

b = 3-bit bit address

f = 7-bit file register address

PCLATH Program Counter High Latch

GIE

GENERAL FORMAT FOR

INSTRUCTIONS

Watchdog Timer/Counter

Time-out bit

Power-down bit

dest

Literal and control operations

General
13

Destination either the W register or the specified

[ ]

Contents

Assigned to

Register bit field

0
k (literal)

k = 8-bit immediate value

Options

( )

8
OPCODE

In the set of

CALL and GOTO instructions only

11
OPCODE

0
k (literal)

k = 11-bit immediate value

italics User defined term (font is courier)

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 99

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 14-2:

PIC16CXX INSTRUCTION SET

Mnemonic,
Operands

Description

Cycles

14-Bit Opcode
MSb

LSb

Status
Affected

Notes

BYTE-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS

ADDWF
ANDWF
CLRF
CLRW
COMF
DECF
DECFSZ
INCF
INCFSZ
IORWF
MOVF
MOVWF
NOP
RLF
RRF
SUBWF
SWAPF
XORWF

f, d
f, d
f
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d
f, d

Add W and f
AND W with f
Clear f
Clear W
Complement f
Decrement f
Decrement f, Skip if 0
Increment f
Increment f, Skip if 0
Inclusive OR W with f
Move f
Move W to f
No Operation
Rotate Left f through Carry
Rotate Right f through Carry
Subtract W from f
Swap nibbles in f
Exclusive OR W with f

1
1
1
1
1
1
1(2)
1
1(2)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00

0111
0101
0001
0001
1001
0011
1011
1010
1111
0100
1000
0000
0000
1101
1100
0010
1110
0110

dfff
dfff
lfff
0000
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
lfff
0xx0
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff
dfff

ffff
ffff
ffff
0011
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
0000
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff

1
1
1 (2)
1 (2)

01
01
01
01

00bb
01bb
10bb
11bb

bfff
bfff
bfff
bfff

ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff

1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1

11
11
10
00
10
11
11
00
11
00
00
11
11

111x
1001
0kkk
0000
1kkk
1000
00xx
0000
01xx
0000
0000
110x
1010

kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
0110
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
0000
kkkk
0000
0110
kkkk
kkkk

kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
0100
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
1001
kkkk
1000
0011
kkkk
kkkk

C,DC,Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z

C
C
C,DC,Z
Z

1,2
1,2
2
1,2
1,2
1,2,3
1,2
1,2,3
1,2
1,2

1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2

BIT-ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS

BCF
BSF
BTFSC
BTFSS

f, b
f, b
f, b
f, b

Bit Clear f
Bit Set f
Bit Test f, Skip if Clear
Bit Test f, Skip if Set

1,2
1,2
3
3

LITERAL AND CONTROL OPERATIONS

ADDLW
ANDLW
CALL
CLRWDT
GOTO
IORLW
MOVLW
RETFIE
RETLW
RETURN
SLEEP
SUBLW
XORLW

k
k
k
k
k
k
k
k
k

Add literal and W

AND literal with W
Call subroutine
Clear Watchdog Timer
Go to address
Inclusive OR literal with W
Move literal to W
Return from interrupt
Return with literal in W
Return from Subroutine
Go into standby mode
Subtract W from literal
Exclusive OR literal with W

C,DC,Z
Z
TO,PD
Z

TO,PD
C,DC,Z
Z

Note 1: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself ( e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1), the value used will be that value present
on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is 1 for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external
device, the data will be written back with a 0.
2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be cleared if
assigned to the Timer0 Module.
3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The second cycle is
executed as a NOP.

Note:

Additional information on the mid-range instruction set is available in the PICmicroTM Mid-Range MCU
Family Reference Manual (DS33023).

DS30605C-page 100

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
14.1

Instruction Descriptions

ADDLW

Add Literal and W

ANDWF

AND W with f

Syntax:

[label] ADDLW

Syntax:

[label] ANDWF

Operands:

0 k 255

Operands:

Operation:

(W) + k (W)

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Status Affected:

C, DC, Z

Operation:

(W) .AND. (f) (destination)

The contents of the W register are

added to the eight bit literal k and the
result is placed in the W register.

Status Affected:

Description:

AND the W register with register 'f'. If

'd' is 0, the result is stored in the W
register. If 'd' is 1, the result is stored
back in register 'f'.

ADDWF

Add W and f

BCF

Bit Clear f

Syntax:

[label] ADDWF

Syntax:

[label] BCF

Operands:

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operands:

0 f 127
0b7

Operation:

(W) + (f) (destination)

Operation:

0 (f<b>)

Status Affected:

C, DC, Z

Status Affected:

None

Description:

Add the contents of the W register

with register f. If d is 0, the result is
stored in the W register. If d is 1, the
result is stored back in register f.

Description:

Bit 'b' in register 'f' is cleared.

ANDLW

AND Literal with W

BSF

Bit Set f

Syntax:

[label] ANDLW

Syntax:

[label] BSF

Operands:

0 k 255

Operands:

Operation:

(W) .AND. (k) (W)

0 f 127
0b7

Status Affected:

Operation:

1 (f<b>)

Description:

The contents of W register are

ANDed with the eight bit literal 'k'.
The result is placed in the W register.

Status Affected:

None

Description:

Bit 'b' in register 'f' is set.

Description:

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

f,d

f,b

DS30605C-page 101

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
BTFSS

Bit Test f, Skip if Set

CLRF

Clear f

Syntax:

[label] BTFSS f,b

Syntax:

[label] CLRF

Operands:

0 f 127
0b<7

Operands:

0 f 127

Operation:

skip if (f<b>) = 1

00h (f)
1Z

Status Affected:

None

Status Affected:

Description:

If bit b in register f is 0, the next

instruction is executed.
If bit b is 1, then the next instruction
is discarded and a NOP is executed
instead making this a 2TCY instruction.

Description:

The contents of register f are cleared

and the Z bit is set.

BTFSC

Bit Test, Skip if Clear

CLRW

Clear W

Syntax:

[label] BTFSC f,b

Syntax:

[ label ] CLRW

Operands:

0 f 127
0b7

Operands:

None

Operation:

skip if (f<b>) = 0

00h (W)
1Z

Status Affected:

None

Status Affected:

Description:

If bit b in register f is 1, the next

instruction is executed.
If bit b, in register f, is 0, the next
instruction is discarded, and a NOP is
executed instead, making this a 2 TCY
instruction.

Description:

W register is cleared. Zero bit (Z) is

set.

CALL

Call Subroutine

CLRWDT

Clear Watchdog Timer

Syntax:

[ label ] CALL k

Syntax:

[ label ] CLRWDT

Operands:

0 k 2047

Operands:

None

Operation:

(PC)+ 1 TOS,
k PC<10:0>,
(PCLATH<4:3>) PC<12:11>

Operation:

Status Affected:

None

00h WDT
0 WDT prescaler,
1 TO
1 PD

Description:

Call Subroutine. First, return address

(PC+1) is pushed onto the stack. The
eleven bit immediate address is
loaded into PC bits <10:0>. The upper
bits of the PC are loaded from
PCLATH. CALL is a two-cycle
instruction.

Status Affected:

TO, PD

Description:

CLRWDT instruction resets the Watchdog Timer. It also resets the prescaler
of the WDT. Status bits TO and PD
are set.

DS30605C-page 102

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
COMF

Complement f

Syntax:

[ label ] COMF

GOTO

Unconditional Branch

Syntax:

[ label ]

Operands:

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operands:

0 k 2047

Operation:

(f) (destination)

Operation:

k PC<10:0>
PCLATH<4:3> PC<12:11>

Status Affected:

None

Description:

The contents of register f are complemented. If d is 0, the result is stored

in W. If d is 1, the result is stored
back in register f.

Description:

GOTO is an unconditional branch. The

eleven bit immediate value is loaded
into PC bits <10:0>. The upper bits of
PC are loaded from PCLATH<4:3>.
GOTO is a two-cycle instruction.

DECF

Decrement f

INCF

Increment f

Syntax:

[label] DECF f,d

Syntax:

[ label ]

Operands:

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operands:

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operation:

(f) - 1 (destination)

Operation:

(f) + 1 (destination)

Status Affected:

Description:

Decrement register f. If d is 0, the

result is stored in the W register. If d
is 1, the result is stored back in
register f.

Description:

The contents of register f are incremented. If d is 0, the result is placed

in the W register. If d is 1, the result is
placed back in register f.

DECFSZ

Decrement f, Skip if 0

INCFSZ

Increment f, Skip if 0

f,d

GOTO k

INCF f,d

Syntax:

[ label ] DECFSZ f,d

Syntax:

[ label ]

Operands:

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operands:

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operation:

(f) - 1 (destination);
skip if result = 0

Operation:

(f) + 1 (destination),
skip if result = 0

Status Affected:

None

Status Affected:

None

Description:

The contents of register f are decremented. If d is 0, the result is placed

in the W register. If d is 1, the result is
placed back in register f.
If the result is 1, the next instruction is
executed. If the result is 0, then a NOP
is executed instead making it a 2 TCY
instruction.

Description:

The contents of register f are incremented. If d is 0, the result is placed

in the W register. If d is 1, the result is
placed back in register f.
If the result is 1, the next instruction is
executed. If the result is 0, a NOP is
executed instead making it a 2 TCY
instruction.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

INCFSZ f,d

DS30605C-page 103

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
IORLW

Inclusive OR Literal with W

MOVLW

Move Literal to W

Syntax:

[ label ]

Syntax:

[ label ]

Operands:

0 k 255

Operands:

0 k 255

Operation:

(W) .OR. k (W)

Operation:

k (W)

Status Affected:

None

Description:

The contents of the W register are

ORed with the eight bit literal 'k'. The
result is placed in the W register.

Description:

The eight bit literal 'k' is loaded into

W register. The dont cares will
assemble as 0s.

IORLW k

MOVLW k

IORWF

Inclusive OR W with f

MOVWF

Move W to f

Syntax:

[ label ]

Syntax:

[ label ]

Operands:

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operands:

0 f 127

Operation:

(W) .OR. (f) (destination)

(W) (f)

Operation:

Status Affected:

None

Status Affected:

Description:

Inclusive OR the W register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0 the result is placed in
the W register. If 'd' is 1 the result is
placed back in register 'f'.

Move data from W register to

MOVF

Move f

NOP

No Operation

Syntax:

[ label ]

Syntax:

[ label ]

Operands:

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operands:

None

Operation:

No operation

Operation:

(f) (destination)

Status Affected:

None

Status Affected:

Description:

No operation.

Description:

The contents of register f are moved

to a destination dependant upon the
status of d. If d = 0, destination is W
register. If d = 1, the destination is file
register f itself. d = 1 is useful to test a
file register since status flag Z is
affected.

DS30605C-page 104

IORWF

f,d

MOVF f,d

MOVWF

NOP

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
RETFIE

Return from Interrupt

RLF

Rotate Left f through Carry

Syntax:

[ label ]

Syntax:

[ label ]

Operands:

None

Operands:

Operation:

TOS PC,
1 GIE

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operation:

See description below

Status Affected:

None

Status Affected:

Description:

The contents of register f are rotated

one bit to the left through the Carry
Flag. If d is 0, the result is placed in
the W register. If d is 1, the result is
stored back in register f.

RETFIE

RLF

f,d

RETLW

Return with Literal in W

RRF

Rotate Right f through Carry

Syntax:

[ label ]

Syntax:

[ label ]

Operands:

0 k 255

Operands:

Operation:

k (W);
TOS PC

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operation:

See description below

Status Affected:

None

Status Affected:

Description:

The W register is loaded with the eight

bit literal k. The program counter is
loaded from the top of the stack (the
return address). This is a two-cycle
instruction.

Description:

The contents of register f are rotated

one bit to the right through the Carry
Flag. If d is 0, the result is placed in
the W register. If d is 1, the result is
placed back in register f.

RETLW k

RRF f,d

RETURN

Return from Subroutine

SLEEP

Syntax:

[ label ]

Syntax:

RETURN

[ label ] SLEEP

Operands:

None

Operands:

None

Operation:

TOS PC

Operation:

Status Affected:

None

Description:

Return from subroutine. The stack is

POPed and the top of the stack (TOS)
is loaded into the program counter.
This is a two-cycle instruction.

00h WDT,
0 WDT prescaler,
1 TO,
0 PD

Status Affected:

TO, PD

Description:

The power-down status bit, PD is

cleared. Time-out status bit, TO is
set. Watchdog Timer and its
prescaler are cleared.
The processor is put into SLEEP
mode with the oscillator stopped. See
Section 13.8 for more details.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 105

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
SUBLW

Subtract W from Literal

XORLW

Exclusive OR Literal with W

Syntax:

[ label ] SUBLW k

Syntax:

[label]

Operands:

0 k 255

Operands:

0 k 255

Operation:

k - (W) (W)

Operation:

(W) .XOR. k (W)

Status Affected: C, DC, Z

Status Affected:

Description:

The W register is subtracted (2s complement method) from the eight bit literal 'k'. The result is placed in the W
register.

Description:

The contents of the W register are

XORed with the eight bit literal 'k'.
The result is placed in the W
register.

SUBWF

Subtract W from f

XORWF

Exclusive OR W with f

Syntax:

[ label ] SUBWF f,d

Syntax:

[label]

Operands:

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operands:

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operation:

(f) - (W) (destination)

Operation:

(W) .XOR. (f) (destination)

Status Affected: C, DC, Z

Status Affected:

Description:

Exclusive OR the contents of the W

register with register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the
result is stored in the W register. If 'd'
is 1, the result is stored back in
register 'f'.

Subtract (2s complement method) W

register from register 'f'. If 'd' is 0, the
result is stored in the W register. If 'd' is
1, the result is stored back in register 'f'.

SWAPF

0 f 127
d [0,1]

Operation:

(f<3:0>) (destination<7:4>),
(f<7:4>) (destination<3:0>)

Status Affected:

None

Description:

f,d

[ label ] SWAPF f,d

Operands:

XORWF

Swap Nibbles in f

Syntax:

XORLW k

The upper and lower nibbles of register 'f' are exchanged. If 'd' is 0, the
result is placed in W register. If 'd' is 1,
the result is placed in register 'f'.

DS30605C-page 106

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
15.0

DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT

The PICmicro microcontrollers are supported with a

full range of hardware and software development tools:
Integrated Development Environment
- MPLAB IDE Software
Assemblers/Compilers/Linkers
- MPASMTM Assembler
- MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C Compilers
- MPLINKTM Object Linker/
MPLIBTM Object Librarian
Simulators
- MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
Emulators
- MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator
- ICEPIC In-Circuit Emulator
In-Circuit Debugger
- MPLAB ICD for PIC16F87X
Device Programmers
- PRO MATE II Universal Device Programmer
- PICSTART Plus Entry-Level Development
Programmer
Low Cost Demonstration Boards
- PICDEMTM 1 Demonstration Board
- PICDEM 2 Demonstration Board
- PICDEM 3 Demonstration Board
- PICDEM 17 Demonstration Board
- KEELOQ Demonstration Board

15.1

MPLAB Integrated Development

Environment Software

The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software

development previously unseen in the 8-bit microcontroller market. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows-based
application that contains:
An interface to debugging tools
- simulator
- programmer (sold separately)
- emulator (sold separately)
- in-circuit debugger (sold separately)
A full-featured editor
A project manager
Customizable toolbar and key mapping
A status bar
On-line help

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

The MPLAB IDE allows you to:

Edit your source files (either assembly or C)
One touch assemble (or compile) and download
to PICmicro emulator and simulator tools (automatically updates all project information)
Debug using:
- source files
- absolute listing file
- machine code
The ability to use MPLAB IDE with multiple debugging
tools allows users to easily switch from the costeffective simulator to a full-featured emulator with
minimal retraining.

15.2

MPASM Assembler

The MPASM assembler is a full-featured universal

macro assembler for all PICmicro MCUs.
The MPASM assembler has a command line interface
and a Windows shell. It can be used as a stand-alone
application on a Windows 3.x or greater system, or it
can be used through MPLAB IDE. The MPASM assembler generates relocatable object files for the MPLINK
object linker, Intel standard HEX files, MAP files to
detail memory usage and symbol reference, an absolute LST file that contains source lines and generated
machine code, and a COD file for debugging.
The MPASM assembler features include:
Integration into MPLAB IDE projects.
User-defined macros to streamline assembly
code.
Conditional assembly for multi-purpose source
files.
Directives that allow complete control over the
assembly process.

15.3

MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18

C Compilers

The MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 Code Development

Systems are complete ANSI C compilers for
Microchips PIC17CXXX and PIC18CXXX family of
microcontrollers, respectively. These compilers provide
powerful integration capabilities and ease of use not
found with other compilers.
For easier source level debugging, the compilers provide symbol information that is compatible with the
MPLAB IDE memory display.

DS30605C-page 107

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
15.4

MPLINK Object Linker/

MPLIB Object Librarian

The MPLINK object linker combines relocatable

objects created by the MPASM assembler and the
MPLAB C17 and MPLAB C18 C compilers. It can also
link relocatable objects from pre-compiled libraries,
using directives from a linker script.
The MPLIB object librarian is a librarian for precompiled code to be used with the MPLINK object
linker. When a routine from a library is called from
another source file, only the modules that contain that
routine will be linked in with the application. This allows
large libraries to be used efficiently in many different
applications. The MPLIB object librarian manages the
creation and modification of library files.
The MPLINK object linker features include:
Integration with MPASM assembler and MPLAB
C17 and MPLAB C18 C compilers.
Allows all memory areas to be defined as sections
to provide link-time flexibility.
The MPLIB object librarian features include:
Easier linking because single libraries can be
included instead of many smaller files.
Helps keep code maintainable by grouping
related modules together.
Allows libraries to be created and modules to be
added, listed, replaced, deleted or extracted.

15.5

MPLAB SIM Software Simulator

The MPLAB SIM software simulator allows code development in a PC-hosted environment by simulating the
PICmicro series microcontrollers on an instruction
level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be
examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from
a file, or user-defined key press, to any of the pins. The
execution can be performed in single step, execute
until break, or trace mode.

15.6

MPLAB ICE High Performance

Universal In-Circuit Emulator with
MPLAB IDE

The MPLAB ICE universal in-circuit emulator is intended

to provide the product development engineer with a
complete microcontroller design tool set for PICmicro
microcontrollers (MCUs). Software control of the
MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator is provided by the
MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE),
which allows editing, building, downloading and source
debugging from a single environment.
The MPLAB ICE 2000 is a full-featured emulator system with enhanced trace, trigger and data monitoring
features. Interchangeable processor modules allow the
system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of different processors. The universal architecture of the
MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator allows expansion to
support new PICmicro microcontrollers.
The MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator system has been
designed as a real-time emulation system, with
advanced features that are generally found on more
expensive development tools. The PC platform and
Microsoft Windows environment were chosen to best
make these features available to you, the end user.

15.7

ICEPIC In-Circuit Emulator

The ICEPIC low cost, in-circuit emulator is a solution

for the Microchip Technology PIC16C5X, PIC16C6X,
PIC16C7X and PIC16CXXX families of 8-bit OneTime-Programmable (OTP) microcontrollers. The modular system can support different subsets of PIC16C5X
or PIC16CXXX products through the use of interchangeable personality modules, or daughter boards.
The emulator is capable of emulating without target
application circuitry being present.

The MPLAB SIM simulator fully supports symbolic debugging using the MPLAB C17 and the MPLAB C18 C compilers and the MPASM assembler. The software simulator
offers the flexibility to develop and debug code outside of
the laboratory environment, making it an excellent multiproject software development tool.

DS30605C-page 108

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
15.8

MPLAB ICD In-Circuit Debugger

Microchips In-Circuit Debugger, MPLAB ICD, is a powerful, low cost, run-time development tool. This tool is
based on the FLASH PIC16F87X and can be used to
develop for this and other PICmicro microcontrollers
from the PIC16CXXX family. The MPLAB ICD utilizes
the in-circuit debugging capability built into the
PIC16F87X. This feature, along with Microchips
In-Circuit Serial ProgrammingTM protocol, offers costeffective in-circuit FLASH debugging from the graphical
user interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment. This enables a designer to develop and
debug source code by watching variables, singlestepping and setting break points. Running at full
speed enables testing hardware in real-time.

15.9

PRO MATE II Universal Device

Programmer

The PRO MATE II universal device programmer is a

full-featured programmer, capable of operating in
stand-alone mode, as well as PC-hosted mode. The
PRO MATE II device programmer is CE compliant.
The PRO MATE II device programmer has programmable VDD and VPP supplies, which allow it to verify
programmed memory at VDD min and VDD max for maximum reliability. It has an LCD display for instructions
and error messages, keys to enter commands and a
modular detachable socket assembly to support various
package types. In stand-alone mode, the PRO MATE II
device programmer can read, verify, or program
PICmicro devices. It can also set code protection in this
mode.

15.10 PICSTART Plus Entry Level

Development Programmer
The PICSTART Plus development programmer is an
easy-to-use, low cost, prototype programmer. It connects to the PC via a COM (RS-232) port. MPLAB
Integrated Development Environment software makes
using the programmer simple and efficient.
The PICSTART Plus development programmer supports all PICmicro devices with up to 40 pins. Larger pin
count devices, such as the PIC16C92X and
PIC17C76X, may be supported with an adapter socket.
The PICSTART Plus development programmer is CE
compliant.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

15.11 PICDEM 1 Low Cost PICmicro

Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 1 demonstration board is a simple board
which demonstrates the capabilities of several of
Microchips microcontrollers. The microcontrollers supported are: PIC16C5X (PIC16C54 to PIC16C58A),
PIC16C61, PIC16C62X, PIC16C71, PIC16C8X,
PIC17C42, PIC17C43 and PIC17C44. All necessary
hardware and software is included to run basic demo
programs. The user can program the sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM 1 demonstration
board on a PRO MATE II device programmer, or a
PICSTART Plus development programmer, and easily
test firmware. The user can also connect the
PICDEM 1 demonstration board to the MPLAB ICE incircuit emulator and download the firmware to the emulator for testing. A prototype area is available for the
user to build some additional hardware and connect it
to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features
include an RS-232 interface, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, push button switches and eight
LEDs connected to PORTB.

15.12 PICDEM 2 Low Cost PIC16CXX

Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 2 demonstration board is a simple demonstration board that supports the PIC16C62,
PIC16C64, PIC16C65, PIC16C73 and PIC16C74
microcontrollers. All the necessary hardware and software is included to run the basic demonstration programs. The user can program the sample
microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM 2 demonstration board on a PRO MATE II device programmer,
or a PICSTART Plus development programmer, and
easily test firmware. The MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator may also be used with the PICDEM 2 demonstration
board to test firmware. A prototype area has been provided to the user for adding additional hardware and
connecting it to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of
the features include a RS-232 interface, push button
switches, a potentiometer for simulated analog input, a
serial EEPROM to demonstrate usage of the I2CTM bus
and separate headers for connection to an LCD
module and a keypad.

DS30605C-page 109

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
15.13 PICDEM 3 Low Cost PIC16CXXX
Demonstration Board
The PICDEM 3 demonstration board is a simple demonstration board that supports the PIC16C923 and
PIC16C924 in the PLCC package. It will also support
future 44-pin PLCC microcontrollers with an LCD Module. All the necessary hardware and software is
included to run the basic demonstration programs. The
user can program the sample microcontrollers provided with the PICDEM 3 demonstration board on a
PRO MATE II device programmer, or a PICSTART Plus
development programmer with an adapter socket, and
easily test firmware. The MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator may also be used with the PICDEM 3 demonstration
board to test firmware. A prototype area has been provided to the user for adding hardware and connecting it
to the microcontroller socket(s). Some of the features
include a RS-232 interface, push button switches, a
potentiometer for simulated analog input, a thermistor
and separate headers for connection to an external
LCD module and a keypad. Also provided on the
PICDEM 3 demonstration board is a LCD panel, with 4
commons and 12 segments, that is capable of displaying time, temperature and day of the week. The
PICDEM 3 demonstration board provides an additional
RS-232 interface and Windows software for showing
the demultiplexed LCD signals on a PC. A simple serial
interface allows the user to construct a hardware
demultiplexer for the LCD signals.

DS30605C-page 110

15.14 PICDEM 17 Demonstration Board

The PICDEM 17 demonstration board is an evaluation
board that demonstrates the capabilities of several
Microchip microcontrollers, including PIC17C752,
PIC17C756A, PIC17C762 and PIC17C766. All necessary hardware is included to run basic demo programs,
which are supplied on a 3.5-inch disk. A programmed
sample is included and the user may erase it and
program it with the other sample programs using the
PRO MATE II device programmer, or the PICSTART
Plus development programmer, and easily debug and
test the sample code. In addition, the PICDEM 17 demonstration board supports downloading of programs to
and executing out of external FLASH memory on board.
The PICDEM 17 demonstration board is also usable
with the MPLAB ICE in-circuit emulator, or the
PICMASTER emulator and all of the sample programs
can be run and modified using either emulator. Additionally, a generous prototype area is available for user
hardware.

15.15 KEELOQ Evaluation and

Programming Tools
KEELOQ evaluation and programming tools support
Microchips HCS Secure Data Products. The HCS evaluation kit includes a LCD display to show changing
codes, a decoder to decode transmissions and a programming interface to program test transmitters.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

Software Tools

Programmers Debugger Emulators

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC18CXX2

PIC17C7XX

PIC17C4X

PIC16C9XX

PIC16F8XX

PIC16C8X

PIC16C7XX

PIC16C7X

PIC16F62X

PIC16CXXX

PIC16C6X

PIC16C5X

PIC14000

PIC12CXXX

MCRFXXX

24CXX/
25CXX/
93CXX

13.56 MHz Anticollision

microIDTM Developers Kit

MCP2510

* Contact the Microchip Technology Inc. web site at www.microchip.com for information on how to use the MPLAB ICD In-Circuit Debugger (DV164001) with PIC16C62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77.
** Contact Microchip Technology Inc. for availability date.
Development tool is available on select devices.

MCP2510 CAN Developers Kit

125 kHz Anticollision microIDTM

Developers Kit

125 kHz microIDTM

Developers Kit

microIDTM Programmers Kit

KEELOQ Transponder Kit

KEELOQ Evaluation Kit

PICDEMTM 17 Demonstration
Board

PICDEMTM 14A Demonstration

Board

PICDEMTM 3 Demonstration
Board

PICDEMTM 2 Demonstration
Board

HCSXXX

PICDEMTM 1 Demonstration
Board

PRO MATE II
Universal Device Programmer

PICSTART Plus Entry Level

Development Programmer

MPLAB ICD In-Circuit

Debugger

ICEPICTM In-Circuit Emulator

MPLAB ICE In-Circuit Emulator

MPASMTM Assembler/
MPLINKTM Object Linker

MPLAB C18 C Compiler

MPLAB C17 C Compiler

TABLE 15-1:

Demo Boards and Eval Kits

MPLAB Integrated
Development Environment

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B

DEVELOPMENT TOOLS FROM MICROCHIP

DS30605C-page 111

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 112

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
16.0

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Absolute Maximum Ratings()

Ambient temperature under bias.............................................................................................................-55C to +125C
Storage temperature .............................................................................................................................. -65C to +150C
Voltage on any pin with respect to VSS (except VDD, MCLR and RA4) .......................................... -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ......................................................................................................... -0.3V to +7.5V
Voltage on MCLR with respect to VSS (Note 2) ......................................................................................... 0V to +13.25V
Voltage on RA4 with respect to VSS ............................................................................................................... 0V to +8.5V
Total power dissipation (Note 1) ...............................................................................................................................1.0W
Maximum current out of VSS pin ...........................................................................................................................300 mA
Maximum current into VDD pin ..............................................................................................................................250 mA
Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0 or VI > VDD) .......................................................................................................... 20 mA
Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDD) ...................................................................................................20 mA
Maximum output current sunk by any I/O pin..........................................................................................................25 mA
Maximum output current sourced by any I/O pin ....................................................................................................25 mA
Maximum current sunk by PORTA, PORTB, and PORTE (Note 3) (combined)...................................................200 mA
Maximum current sourced by PORTA, PORTB, and PORTE (Note 3) (combined)..............................................200 mA
Maximum current sunk by PORTC and PORTD (Note 3) (combined)..................................................................200 mA
Maximum current sourced by PORTC and PORTD (Note 3) (combined).............................................................200 mA
Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows: Pdis = VDD x {IDD - IOH} + {(VDD-VOH) x IOH} + (VOl x IOL)
2: Voltage spikes below VSS at the MCLR/VPP pin, inducing currents greater than 80 mA, may cause latch-up.
Thus, a series resistor of 50 - 100 should be used when applying a low level to the MCLR/VPP pin rather
than pulling this pin directly to VSS.
3: PORTD and PORTE not available on the PIC16C63A/73B.
NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the
device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those
indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 113

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-1:

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH

6.0 V
5.5 V
5.0 V

PIC16CXXX-20

Voltage

4.5 V
4.0 V
3.5 V
3.0 V
2.5 V
2.0 V

20 MHz

Frequency

FIGURE 16-2:

PIC16LC63A/65B/73B/74B VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH

6.0 V
5.5 V

Voltage

5.0 V
4.5 V

PIC16LCXXX-04

4.0 V
3.5 V
3.0 V
2.5 V
2.0 V

4 MHz

10 MHz

Frequency
FMAX = (12.0 MHz/V) (VDDAPPMIN - 2.5 V) + 4 MHz
Note 1: VDDAPPMIN is the minimum voltage of the PICmicro device in the application.
Note 2: FMAX has a maximum frequency of 10MHz.

DS30605C-page 114

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-3:

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH

6.0 V
5.5 V

Voltage

5.0 V

PIC16CXXX-04

4.5 V
4.0 V
3.5 V
3.0 V
2.5 V
2.0 V

4 MHz

Frequency

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 115

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
16.1

DC Characteristics

PIC16LC63A/65B/73B/74B-04

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B-04
PIC16C6A/65B/73B/74B-20
Param
No.

Sym

Min

Typ

Max

Units

PIC16LCXXX

2.5
VBOR*

5.5
5.5

V
V

LP, XT, RC osc modes (DC - 4 MHz)

BOR enabled (Note 7)

PIC16CXXX

4.0
4.5
VBOR*

5.5
5.5
5.5

V
V
V

XT, RC and LP osc mode

HS osc mode
BOR enabled (Note 7)

1.5

VSS

D004*
SVDD VDD Rise Rate to
ensure internal
D004A*
Power-on Reset signal

0.05
TBD

D005

3.65

4.35

VDD

Characteristic

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature
0C TA +70C for commercial
-40C TA +85C for industrial
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature
0C TA +70C for commercial
-40C TA +85C for industrial
-40C TA +125C for extended
Conditions

Supply Voltage

D001
D001
D001A

RAM Data Retention

Voltage (Note 1)

D002*

VDR

D003

VPOR VDD Start Voltage to

ensure internal
Power-on Reset signal

VBOR Brown-out Reset

voltage trip point

See section on Power-on Reset for details

V/mS PWRT enabled (PWRTE bit clear)

V/mS PWRT disabled (PWRTE bit set)
See section on Power-on Reset for details
V

BODEN bit set

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.
When specification values of standard devices differ from those of extended voltage devices, they are shown in gray.
Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered without losing RAM data.
2: The supply current is mainly a function of the operating voltage and frequency. Other factors such as I/O pin
loading and switching rate, oscillator type, internal code execution pattern and temperature also have an impact
on the current consumption. The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail to rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD,
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: The power-down current in SLEEP mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with the part in SLEEP mode, with all I/O pins in hi-impedance state and tied to VDD and VSS.
4: For RC osc mode, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated by
the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kOhm.
5: Timer1 oscillator (when enabled) adds approximately 20 A to the specification. This value is from characterization and is for design guidance only. This is not tested.
6: The current is the additional current consumed when this peripheral is enabled. This current should be
added to the base IDD or IPD measurement.
7: When BOR is enabled, the device will operate correctly until the VBOR voltage trip point is reached.
8: In RC oscillator mode, the OSC1/CLKIN pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the
PICmicro device be driven with external clock in RC mode.
9: The leakage current on the MCLR/VPP pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input voltages.
10: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.

DS30605C-page 116

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
PIC16LC63A/65B/73B/74B-04

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B-04
PIC16C6A/65B/73B/74B-20
Param
No.

Sym

PIC16CXXX

D013
IPD

Max

Units

Conditions

0.6

2.0

22.5

XT, RC osc modes:

FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 3.0V (Note 4)
LP osc mode:
FOSC = 32 kHz, VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled

2.7

D010A
D010

Min

Supply Current (Notes 2, 5)

PIC16LCXXX

D010

Typ

IDD

Characteristic

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

XT, RC osc modes:

FOSC = 4 MHz, VDD = 5.5 V (Note 4)
HS osc mode:
FOSC = 20 MHz, VDD = 5.5 V

Power-down Current (Notes 3, 5)

D020
D021
D021A

PIC16LCXXX

7.5
0.9
0.9

20
3
3

A
A
A

VDD = 3.0V, WDT enabled, -40C to +85C

VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, 0C to +70C
VDD = 3.0V, WDT disabled, -40C to +85C

D020
D021
D021A
D021B

PIC16CXXX

10.5
1.5
1.5
2.5

42
16
19
19

A
A
A
A

VDD = 4.0V, WDT enabled, -40C to +85C

VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled, 0C to +70C
VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled, -40C to +85C
VDD = 4.0V, WDT disabled, -40C to +125C

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 117

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
PIC16LC63A/65B/73B/74B-04

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B-04
PIC16C6A/65B/73B/74B-20
Param
No.

Sym

Characteristic

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Typ

Max

Units

Conditions

IWDT Watchdog Timer

6.0

WDTE bit set, VDD = 4.0V

D022A* IBOR Brown-out Reset

100

150

BODEN bit set, VDD = 5.0

For entire VDD range

4.5V VDD 5.5V

Module Differential
Current (Note 6)
D022*

Input Low Voltage

VIL

I/O ports

D030
D030A

with TTL buffer

VSS
VSS

0.15 VDD
0.8V

V
V

D031

with Schmitt
Trigger buffer

VSS

0.2 VDD

D032

MCLR, OSC1
(in RC mode)

Vss

0.2 VDD

D033

OSC1 (in XT, HS, and

LP modes)

Vss

0.3 VDD

(Note 8)

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

DS30605C-page 118

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
PIC16LC63A/65B/73B/74B-04

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B-04
PIC16C6A/65B/73B/74B-20
Param
No.

Sym

Characteristic

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Typ

Max

Units

Conditions

2.0

VDD

4.5 V VDD 5.5V

0.25 VDD +

VDD

For entire VDD range

0.8 VDD

VDD

For entire VDD range

Input High Voltage

VIH
D040

I/O ports
with TTL buffer

D040A

0.8V

D041

with Schmitt
Trigger buffer

D042

MCLR

0.8 VDD

VDD

D042A

OSC1 (in XT, HS, and

LP modes)

0.7 VDD

VDD

D043

OSC1 (in RC mode)

0.9 VDD

VDD

I/O ports

Vss VPIN VDD,

Pin at hi-impedance

D061

MCLR, RA4/T0CKI

Vss VPIN VDD

D063

OSC1

Vss VPIN VDD,

XT, HS and LP osc modes

250

400

VDD = 5V, VPIN = VSS

(Note 8)

Input Leakage
Current (Notes 9, 10)
D060

D070

IIL

IPURB PORTB Weak Pull-up

Current

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 119

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
PIC16LC63A/65B/73B/74B-04

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B-04
PIC16C6A/65B/73B/74B-20
Param
No.

Sym

Characteristic

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Typ

Max

Units

Conditions

0.6

IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40C to +85C

0.6

IOL = 7.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40C to +125C

0.6

IOL = 1.6 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40C to +85C

0.6

IOL = 1.2 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40C to +125C

VDD-0.7

IOH = -3.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40C to +85C

VDD-0.7

IOH = -2.5 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40C to +125C

VDD-0.7

IOH = -1.3 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40C to +85C

VDD-0.7

IOH = -1.0 mA, VDD = 4.5V,

-40C to +125C

8.5

RA4 pin

Output Low Voltage

D080

VOL

D083

I/O ports

OSC2/CLKOUT
(RC osc mode)

Output High Voltage

D090

VOH

D092

D150*

I/O ports (Note 10)

OSC2/CLKOUT
(RC osc mode)

VOD

Open-Drain
High Voltage

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

DS30605C-page 120

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
PIC16LC63A/65B/73B/74B-04

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B-04
PIC16C6A/65B/73B/74B-20
Param
No.

Sym

Characteristic

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Typ

Max

Units

Conditions

Capacitive Loading
Specs on
Output Pins
D100

COSC2 OSC2 pin

D101

CIO

All I/O pins and OSC2

(in RC mode)

D102

SCL, SDA
(in I2C mode)

400

In XT, HS and LP modes when external

clock is used to drive OSC1

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 121

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
16.2
16.2.1

AC (Timing) Characteristics
TIMING PARAMETER SYMBOLOGY

The timing parameter symbols have been created following one of the following formats:

1. TppS2ppS

3. TCC:ST

(I2C specifications only)

2. TppS

4. Ts

(I2C specifications only)

T
F
Frequency
Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings:
pp
cc
CCP1
ck
CLKOUT
cs
CS
di
SDI
do
SDO
dt
Data in
io
I/O port
mc
MCLR
Uppercase letters and their meanings:
S
F
Fall
H
High
I
Invalid (Hi-impedance)
L
Low
I2C only
AA
BUF

output access
Bus free

TCC:ST (I2C specifications only)

CC
HD
Hold
ST
DAT
DATA input hold
STA
START condition

DS30605C-page 122

Time

osc
rd
rw
sc
ss
t0
t1
wr

OSC1
RD
RD or WR
SCK
SS
T0CKI
T1CKI
WR

P
R
V
Z

Period
Rise
Valid
Hi-impedance

High
Low

Setup

STO

STOP condition

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
16.2.2

TIMING CONDITIONS

The temperature and voltages specified in Table 16-1

apply to all timing specifications unless otherwise
noted. Figure 16-4 specifies the load conditions for the
timing specifications.

TABLE 16-1:

TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE SPECIFICATIONS - AC

AC CHARACTERISTICS

FIGURE 16-4:

Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)

Operating temperature 0C TA +70C for commercial
-40C TA +85C for industrial
-40C TA +125C for extended
Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC spec Section 16.1.
LC parts operate for commercial/industrial temperatures only.

LOAD CONDITIONS FOR DEVICE TIMING SPECIFICATIONS

Load condition 1

Load condition 2

VDD/2

Pin
VSS

RL = 464
CL = 50 pF

for all pins except OSC2/CLKOUT

but including D and E outputs as ports

CL = 15 pF

VSS

for OSC2 output

Note 1: PORTD and PORTE are not implemented on the PIC16C63A/73B.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 123

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
16.2.3

TIMING DIAGRAMS AND SPECIFICATIONS

FIGURE 16-5:

EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING

OSC1
3

CLKOUT

TABLE 16-2:
Param
No.

EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Characteristic

FOSC External CLKIN Frequency

(Note 1)

Min

Typ

Max

Units

MHz

RC and XT osc modes

MHz

HS osc mode (-04)

Sym

Conditions

MHz

HS osc mode (-20)

200

kHz

LP osc mode

MHz

RC osc mode

0.1

MHz

XT osc mode

Oscillator Frequency
(Note 1)

MHz

HS osc mode

5
TOSC

External CLKIN Period

(Note 1)

200

kHz

250

RC and XT osc modes

250

HS osc mode (-04)

LP osc mode

HS osc mode (-20)

LP osc mode

250

RC osc mode

250

10,000

XT osc mode

250

HS osc mode (-04)

250

HS osc mode (-20)

LP osc mode

200

TCY = 4/FOSC

TosL, External Clock in (OSC1) High or 100

TosH Low Time
2.5

XT oscillator

LP oscillator

HS oscillator

XT oscillator

LP oscillator

HS oscillator

Oscillator Period
(Note 1)

2
3*

TCY

Instruction Cycle Time (Note 1)

TosR, External Clock in (OSC1) Rise or

TosF Fall Time

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.
Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time-base period. All specified values are
based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under standard operating conditions with the
device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result in an unstable oscillator operation and/or
higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested to operate at min. values with an external
clock applied to the OSC1/CLKIN pin. When an external clock input is used, the Max. cycle time limit is
DC (no clock) for all devices.

DS30605C-page 124

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-6:

CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING

OSC1
11

10
CLKOUT
13
14

I/O Pin
(input)
15

17
I/O Pin
(output)

20, 21
Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

Note:

TABLE 16-3:
Param
No.

new value

old value

CLKOUT AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS

Sym

Characteristic

Min

Typ

Max

Units Conditions

10*

TosH2ckL

OSC1 to CLKOUT

200

(Note 1)

11*

TosH2ckH OSC1 to CLKOUT

200

(Note 1)

12*

TckR

CLKOUT rise time

100

(Note 1)

13*

TckF

CLKOUT fall time

100

(Note 1)

14*

TckL2ioV

CLKOUT to Port out valid

0.5TCY + 20

(Note 1)

15*

TioV2ckH

Port in valid before CLKOUT

TOSC + 200

(Note 1)

16*

TckH2ioI

Port in hold after CLKOUT

(Note 1)

17*

TosH2ioV

OSC1 (Q1 cycle) to Port out valid

150

OSC1 (Q2 cycle) to Port PIC16CXX

input invalid (I/O in hold
PIC16LCXX
time)

100

TosH2ioI

200

TioV2osH

Port input valid to OSC1 (I/O in setup

time)

TioR

Port output rise time

PIC16CXX

PIC16LCXX

TioF

Port output fall time

PIC16CXX

PIC16LCXX

18*
18A*
19*
20*
20A*
21*
21A*

22* Tinp

INT pin high or low time

TCY

23* Trbp

RB7:RB4 change INT high or low time

TCY

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.
These parameters are asynchronous events not related to any internal clock edge.
Note 1: Measurements are taken in RC mode where CLKOUT output is 4 x TOSC.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 125

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-7:

RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND POWER-UP

TIMER TIMING

VDD
MCLR
30

Internal
POR
33
PWRT
Time-out

OSC
Time-out
Internal
RESET
Watchdog
Timer
Reset
31

I/O Pins
Note:

Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

FIGURE 16-8:

BROWN-OUT RESET TIMING

BVDD
VDD

TABLE 16-4:
Param No.

RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER,

AND BROWN-OUT RESET REQUIREMENTS
Sym

Characteristic

Min

Typ

Max

Units

Conditions

VDD = 5V, -40C to +125C

TmcL MCLR Pulse Width (low)

31*

TWDT

Watchdog Timer Time-out

Period (No Prescaler)

VDD = 5V, -40C to +125C

TOST

Oscillation Start-up Timer

Period

1024 TOSC

TOSC = OSC1 period

132

VDD = 5V, -40C to +125C

33*

TPWRT Power-up Timer Period

TIOZ

I/O Hi-impedance from MCLR

Low or WDT Reset

2.1

TBOR

Brown-out Reset Pulse Width

100

VDD BVDD (D005)

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.

DS30605C-page 126

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-9:

TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMINGS

T0CKI

40
42
T1OSO/T1CKI

45
47

TMR0 or
TMR1
Note:

Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 16-5:
Param
No.

Sym

40*

Tt0H

TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS

Characteristic

T0CKI High Pulse Width

Min

No Prescaler
With Prescaler

41*

Tt0L

T0CKI Low Pulse Width

No Prescaler
With Prescaler

42*

Tt0P

T0CKI Period

No Prescaler

0.5TCY + 20

TCY + 40

Tt1H

T1CKI High Time Synchronous, Prescaler = 1

ns
ns

N = prescale value
(2, 4,..., 256)

0.5TCY + 20

Must also meet

parameter 47

PIC16CXX
PIC16LCXX

T1CKI Low Time

Synchronous, Prescaler = 1
Synchronous,
PIC16CXX
Prescaler = 2,4,8 PIC16LCXX
Asynchronous

0.5TCY + 20

ns
ns

T1CKI input
period

Synchronous

Asynchronous

Greater of:
30 or TCY + 40
N

Greater of:
50 or TCY + 40
N

N = prescale value
(1, 2, 4, 8)
N = prescale value
(1, 2, 4, 8)

PIC16CXX

PIC16LCXX
Ft1

Must also meet

parameter 47

PIC16CXX

PIC16LCXX

Tt1P

PIC16CXX
PIC16LCXX

47*

Must also meet

parameter 42

Asynchronous
Tt1L

Must also meet

parameter 42

Synchronous,
PIC16CXX
Prescaler = 2,4,8 PIC16LCXX

46*

Conditions

With Prescaler Greater of:

20 or TCY + 40
N
45*

Typ Max Units

100

200

kHz

2TOSC

7TOSC

Timer1 oscillator input frequency range

(oscillator enabled by setting bit T1OSCEN)

TCKEZtmr1 Delay from external clock edge to timer increment

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not tested.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 127

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-10:

CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM TIMINGS (CCP1 AND CCP2)

CCPx
(Capture mode)

51
52

CCPx
(Compare or PWM mode)
53
Note:

Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 16-6:

CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM REQUIREMENTS (CCP1 AND CCP2)

Param
Sym
No.
50*

TccL CCP1 and

CCP2
input low time

Characteristic

Min

TccH CCP1 and

CCP2
input high time

With Prescaler PIC16CXX

52*

TccP CCP1 and CCP2 input period

53*

TccR CCP1 and CCP2 output rise time PIC16CXX

PIC16LCXX
TccF CCP1 and CCP2 output fall time PIC16CXX
PIC16LCXX

3TCY + 40
N

No Prescaler

0.5TCY + 20

With Prescaler PIC16CXX

PIC16LCXX

54*

Typ Max Units Conditions

0.5TCY + 20

No Prescaler

PIC16LCXX
51*

N = prescale
value (1,4, or 16)

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.

DS30605C-page 128

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-11:

PARALLEL SLAVE PORT TIMING (PIC16C65B/74B)

RE2/CS

RE0/RD

RE1/WR

65
RD7:RD0
62

63
Note:

Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 16-7:
Param No.

PARALLEL SLAVE PORT REQUIREMENTS (PIC16C65B/74B)

Sym

Characteristic

Min

Typ

Max

Units

62*

TdtV2wrH Data in valid before WR or CS (setup time)

63*

TwrH2dtI WR or CS to data in
invalid (hold time)

PIC16CXX

PIC16LCXX

Conditions

TrdL2dtV RD and CS to data out valid

65*

TrdH2dtI RD or CS to data out invalid

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 129

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-12:

EXAMPLE SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)

SS
70
SCK
(CKP = 0)
71

72
78

SCK
(CKP = 1)

BIT6 - - - - - -1

MSb

SDO

LSb

75, 76
SDI

MSb IN

BIT6 - - - -1

LSb IN

74
73
Note:

Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 16-8:
Param
No.

EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (MASTER MODE, CKE = 0)

Symbol

Characteristic

Min

TssL2scH,
TssL2scL

SS to SCK or SCK input

TCY

TscH

SCK input high time

(Slave mode)

1.25TCY + 30

Single Byte

Continuous

1.25TCY + 30

Single Byte

71A
72

TscL

72A
73

SCK input low time

(Slave mode)

Continuous

Typ Max Units

TdiV2scH,
TdiV2scL

Setup time of SDI data input to SCK edge

100

Last clock edge of Byte1 to the 1st clock

edge of Byte2

1.5TCY + 40

TscH2diL,
TscL2diL

Hold time of SDI data input to SCK edge

100

TdoR

SDO data output rise time PIC16CXX

TdoF

SDO data output fall time

TscR

SCK output rise time

(Master mode)

PIC16CXX

PIC16LCXX

SCK output fall time (Master mode)

SDO data output valid

after SCK edge

(Note 1)

TB2B

Conditions

73A

PIC16LCXX

TscF

TscH2doV,
TscL2doV

PIC16CXX

(Note 1)

100
ns
PIC16LCXX
Data in Typ column is at 5 V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.
Note 1: Specification 73A is only required if specifications 71A and 72A are used.

DS30605C-page 130

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-13:

EXAMPLE SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)

SS
81
SCK
(CKP = 0)
71

72
79

73
SCK
(CKP = 1)
80
78

MSb

SDO

BIT6 - - - - - -1

LSb

75, 76
SDI

MSb IN

BIT6 - - - -1

LSb IN

74
Note:

Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 16-9:
Param
No.

EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (MASTER MODE, CKE = 1)

Symbol

71
71A

TscH

TscL

72A
73

Characteristic

Min

Typ Max Units

SCK input high time

(Slave mode)

Continuous

1.25TCY + 30

Single Byte

SCK input low time

(Slave mode)

Continuous

1.25TCY + 30

Single Byte

Conditions

TdiV2scH,
TdiV2scL

Setup time of SDI data input to SCK edge

100

Last clock edge of Byte1 to the 1st clock

edge of Byte2

1.5TCY + 40

TscH2diL,
TscL2diL

Hold time of SDI data input to SCK edge

100

TdoR

SDO data output rise

time

(Note 1)

TB2B

(Note 1)

73A

TdoF
TscR

SCK output rise time

(Master mode)

PIC16LCXX

SDO data output fall time

PIC16CXX

(Note 1)

PIC16LCXX

TscF

SCK output fall time (Master mode)

TscH2doV,
TscL2doV

SDO data output valid

after SCK edge

100

PIC16CXX
PIC16LCXX

TdoV2scH, SDO data output setup to SCK edge

TdoV2scL

TCY

Data in Typ column is at 5 V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.
Note 1: Specification 73A is only required if specifications 71A and 72A are used.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 131

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-14:

EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)

SS
70
SCK
(CKP = 0)

83
71

SCK
(CKP = 1)

80
MSb

SDO

LSb

BIT6 - - - - - -1

75, 76
SDI

MSb IN

BIT6 - - - -1

LSb IN

74
73
Note:

Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 16-10: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)
Param
No.
70
71
71A
72
72A
73
73A
74

Symbol

Characteristic

Min

TssL2scH,
TssL2scL

SS to SCK or SCK input

TCY

TscH

SCK input high time

(Slave mode)

Continuous
Single Byte
SCK input low time
Continuous
(Slave mode)
Single Byte
Setup time of SDI data input to SCK edge

1.25TCY + 30
40
1.25TCY + 30
40
100

ns
ns
ns
ns
ns

Last clock edge of Byte1 to the 1st clock

edge of Byte2
Hold time of SDI data input to SCK edge

1.5TCY + 40

100

SDO data output rise time PIC16CXX

PIC16LCXX
SDO data output fall time

10
20
10

25
45
25
50

ns
ns
ns
ns

10
20
10

25
45
25
50
100

ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns

TscL
TdiV2scH,
TdiV2scL
TB2B

TscH2diL,
TscL2diL
TdoR

76
77

TdoF
TssH2doZ

TscR

SS to SDO output hi-impedance

SCK output rise time
PIC16CXX
(Master mode)
PIC16LCXX

79
80

TscF
TscH2doV,
TscL2doV

SCK output fall time (Master mode)

SDO data output valid
PIC16CXX
after SCK edge
PIC16LCXX

TscH2ssH,
TscL2ssH

SS after SCK edge

1.5TCY + 40

Typ Max Units

Conditions

(Note 1)
(Note 1)

(Note 1)

DS30605C-page 132

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-15:

EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)

SCK
(CKP = 0)

70
83
71

SCK
(CKP = 1)
80

MSb

SDO

BIT6 - - - - - -1

LSb

75, 76
SDI

MSb IN

77
BIT6 - - - -1

LSb IN

74
Note:

Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 16-11: EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE REQUIREMENTS (CKE = 1)

Param
No.

Symbol

Characteristic

Min

TssL2scH,
TssL2scL

SS to SCK or SCK input

TCY

TscH

SCK input high time

(Slave mode)

TscL

SCK input low time

(Slave mode)

1.25TCY + 30
40
1.25TCY + 30
40

ns
ns
ns
ns

TB2B

Last clock edge of Byte1 to the 1st clock

edge of Byte2

1.5TCY + 40

TscH2diL,
TscL2diL

Hold time of SDI data input to SCK edge

100

TdoR

SDO data output rise

time

PIC16CXX
PIC16LCXX

10
20

25
45

ns
ns

SDO data output fall time

SS to SDO output hi-impedance

PIC16CXX
SCK output rise time
PIC16LCXX
(Master mode)

10
20

25
45

ns
ns

70
71
71A
72
72A
73A

TdoF

TssH2doZ

TscR

TscF

TscH2doV,
TscL2doV

TssL2doV

TscH2ssH,
TscL2ssH

Continuous
Single Byte
Continuous
Single Byte

SCK output fall time (Master mode)

PIC16CXX
SDO data output valid
PIC16LCXX
after SCK edge
PIC16CXX
SDO data output valid
PIC16LCXX
after SS edge
SS after SCK edge

Typ Max Units

50
100
50
100

(Note 1)
(Note 1)

ns
ns
ns
ns

1.5TCY + 40

(Note 1)

Conditions

DS30605C-page 133

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
I2C BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING

FIGURE 16-16:

SCL

SDA

STOP
Condition

START
Condition
Note:

Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 16-12: I2C BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS

Param
No.

Sym

Characteristic

TSU:STA START condition

90*

Setup time
THD:STA START condition

Min Typ Max Units

100 kHz mode

4700

400 kHz mode

600

100 kHz mode

4000

400 kHz mode

600

4700

400 kHz mode

600

100 kHz mode

4000

600

Only relevant for Repeated

START condition

After this period the first clock

pulse is generated

Hold time
400 kHz mode
* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

100 kHz mode

Conditions

91*

Hold time
92*

TSU:STO STOP condition

Setup time
THD:STO STOP condition

ns
ns

I2C BUS DATA TIMING

FIGURE 16-17:

103

102

100
101

SCL
90

106

107

SDA
In
110
109

109

SDA
Out
Note:

Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

DS30605C-page 134

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 16-13: I2C BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS
Param.
No.

Sym

100*

THIGH

Characteristic

Min

Max

Units

100 kHz mode

4.0

Device must operate at a

minimum of 1.5 MHz

400 kHz mode

0.6

Device must operate at a

minimum of 10 MHz

1.5TCY

100 kHz mode

4.7

Device must operate at a

minimum of 1.5 MHz

400 kHz mode

1.3

Device must operate at a

minimum of 10 MHz

1.5TCY

100 kHz mode

1000

400 kHz mode

20 + 0.1Cb

300

100 kHz mode

300

400 kHz mode

20 + 0.1Cb

300

Cb is specified to be from
10-400 pF

START condition
setup time

100 kHz mode

4.7

400 kHz mode

0.6

Only relevant for Repeated

START condition

START condition
hold time

100 kHz mode

4.0

400 kHz mode

0.6

Data input hold time 100 kHz mode

400 kHz mode

0.9

Data input setup

time

100 kHz mode

250

400 kHz mode

100

STOP condition
setup time

100 kHz mode

4.7

400 kHz mode

0.6

Output valid from

clock

100 kHz mode

3500

400 kHz mode

Bus free time

100 kHz mode

4.7

400 kHz mode

1.3

400

Clock high time

SSP Module
101*

TLOW

Clock low time

SSP Module
102*

103*

90*

91*

106*

107*

92*

109*

110*

TSU:STA

THD:STA

THD:DAT

TSU:DAT

TSU:STO

TAA

TBUF

SDA and SCL rise

time

SDA and SCL fall

time

Bus capacitive loading

Conditions

Cb is specified to be from
10-400 pF

After this period the first

clock pulse is generated

(Note 2)

(Note 1)

Time the bus must be free

before a new transmission
can start

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Note 1: As a transmitter, the device must provide this internal minimum delay time to bridge the undefined region
(min. 300 ns) of the falling edge of SCL to avoid unintended generation of START or STOP conditions.
2: A fast mode (400 kHz) I2C bus device can be used in a standard mode (100 kHz) I2C bus system, but the
requirement Tsu:DAT 250 ns must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not
stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal. If such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCL signal, it
must output the next data bit to the SDA line TR max.+tsu;DAT = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (according to the standard mode I2C bus specification) before the SCL line is released.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 135

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-18:

USART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING

RC6/TX/CK
pin

121

RC7/RX/DT
pin
120
Note:

122

Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 16-14: USART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION REQUIREMENTS

Param
No.

Sym

120*

TckH2dtV

121*

Tckrf

122*

Characteristic
SYNC XMIT (MASTER &
SLAVE)
Clock high to data out valid
Clock out rise time and fall
time (Master mode)

Tdtrf

Min

Typ

Max

PIC16CXX

PIC16LCXX

100

PIC16CXX

PIC16LCXX

Data out rise time and fall time PIC16CXX

PIC16LCXX

Units Conditions

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.

FIGURE 16-19:

USART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING

RC6/TX/CK
pin
RC7/RX/DT
pin

125

126
Note:

Refer to Figure 16-4 for load conditions.

TABLE 16-15: USART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE REQUIREMENTS

Param
No.

Sym

125*

TdtV2ckL

126*

TckL2dtl

Characteristic

Min

Typ

Max

Units

SYNC RCV (MASTER & SLAVE)

Data setup before CK (DT setup
time)

Data hold after CK (DT hold time)

Conditions

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.

DS30605C-page 136

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE 16-16: A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS:
PIC16C73B/74B-04 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED)
PIC16C73B/74B-20 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, EXTENDED)
PIC16LC73B/74B-04 (COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL)
Param
Sym
No.

A02

Resolution

Min

Typ

Max

Units

PIC16CXX

8 bits

bit

PIC16LCXX

A01

Characteristic

8 bits

bit

LSb

EABS Total Absolute error

A03

EIL

Integral linearity error

LSb

A04

EDL

Differential linearity error

LSb

A05

EFS

Full scale error

LSb

A06

EOFF Offset error

LSb

guaranteed

2.5V

VDD + 0.3

VREF + 0.3

VREF = VDD = 5.12 V,

VSS VAIN VREF
VREF = VDD = 2.5 V
VREF = VDD = 5.12 V,
Vss VAIN VREF
VREF = VDD = 5.12 V,
Vss VAIN VREF
VREF = VDD = 5.12 V,
Vss VAIN VREF
VREF = VDD = 5.12 V,
Vss VAIN VREF
VREF = VDD = 5.12 V,
Vss VAIN VREF
Vss VAIN VREF

VSS - 0.3

Conditions

A10

Monotonicity (Note 3)

A20

VREF Reference voltage

A25

VAIN Analog input voltage

A30

ZAIN Recommended impedance of

analog voltage source

10.0

A40

IAD

A/D conversion PIC16CXX

current (VDD)
PIC16LCXX

180

1000

A50

IREF VREF input current (Note 2)

Average current
consumption when A/D
is on (Note 1)
During VAIN acquisition
Based on differential of
VHOLD to VAIN to charge
CHOLD, see Section 12.1
During A/D Conversion
cycle

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Data in Typ column is at 5 V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.
Note 1: When A/D is off, it will not consume any current other than minor leakage current. The power-down current
spec includes any such leakage from the A/D module.
2: VREF current is from the RA3 pin or the VDD pin, whichever is selected as a reference input.
3: The A/D conversion result never decreases with an increase in the input voltage and has no missing codes.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 137

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 16-20:

A/D CONVERSION TIMING

BSF ADCON0, GO
134

1 TCY
(TOSC/2)(1)

131

Q4
130
A/D CLK

132

A/D DATA

NEW_DATA

OLD_DATA

ADRES

ADIF
GO

DONE
SAMPLING STOPPED

SAMPLE

Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the SLEEP
instruction to be executed.

TABLE 16-17: A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS

Param
Sym
No.

Max

Units

PIC16CXX

1.6

TOSC based, VREF 3.0 V

2.0

TOSC based,
2.5V VREF 5.5 V

2.0

4.0

6.0

A/D RC mode

PIC16LCXX

A/D clock period

Typ

PIC16CXX

TAD

Min

PIC16LCXX

130

Characteristic

Conditions

3.0

6.0

9.0

A/D RC mode

131

TCNV Conversion time (not including S/H

time) (Note 1)

TAD

132

TACQ Acquisition time

The minimum time is the

amplifier settling time. This
may be used if the new
input voltage has not
changed by more than 1 LSb
(i.e., 20.0mV @ 5.12V) from
the last sampled voltage (as
stated on CHOLD).

134

TGO Q4 to A/D clock start

TOSC/2

If the A/D clock source is

selected as RC, a time of TCY
is added before the A/D clock
starts. This allows the SLEEP
instruction to be executed.

135

TSWC Switching from convert sample time

1.5

TAD

* These parameters are characterized but not tested.

Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and
are not tested.
Note 1: ADRES register may be read on the following TCY cycle.
2: See Section 12.1 for minimum conditions.

DS30605C-page 138

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
17.0

DC AND AC
CHARACTERISTICS GRAPHS
AND TABLES

The graphs and tables provided in this section are for

design guidance and are not tested nor guaranteed. In
some graphs or tables the data presented is outside
specified operating range (e.g., outside specified VDD
range). This is for information only and devices are
ensured to operate properly only within the specified
range.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

The data presented in this section is a statistical summary of data collected on units from different lots over
a period of time.
Note:

Standard deviation is denoted by sigma ().

Typ or Typical represents the mean of the

distribution at 25C.
Max or Maximum represents the mean + 3 over
the temperature range of -40C to 85C.
Min or Minimum represents the mean - 3 over
the temperature range of -40C to 85C.

DS30605C-page 139

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 17-1:

TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD HS MODE

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

IDD (mA)

4
5.5 V
5.0 V

4.5 V
4.0 V

2
3.5 V
3.0 V

1
2.5 V

0
4

FOSC (MHz)

FIGURE 17-2:

MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD HS MODE

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

IDD (mA)

5.5 V

4
5.0 V
4.5 V

3
4.0 V
3.5 V
3.0 V

1
2.5 V

0
4

FOSC (MHz)

DS30605C-page 140

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 17-3:

TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD LP MODE

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

100
90
5.5 V

80
70

5.0 V

IDD (A)

60
4.5 V

50
4.0 V

40
3.5 V

30
3.0 V

2.5 V

10
0
30

100

FOSC (kHz)

FIGURE 17-4:

MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD LP MODE

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

160

140
5.5 V

120

IDD (A)

100

5.0 V

80
4.5 V

4.0 V
3.5 V

40
3.0 V
2.5 V

0
30

100

FOSC (kHz)

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 141

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 17-5:

TYPICAL IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD XT MODE

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

1.4

1.2
5.5 V
1.0

IDD (mA)

5.0 V

0.8

4.5 V

0.6
4.0 V
3.5 V

0.4

3.0 V
2.5 V

0.2

0.0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

FOSC (MHz)

FIGURE 17-6:

MAXIMUM IDD vs. FOSC OVER VDD XT MODE

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

1.8
1.6
5.5 V

1.4
5.0 V

1.2
IDD (mA)

4.5 V

1.0
4.0 V

0.8
3.5 V

0.6
3.0 V
2.5 V

0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

FOSC (MHz)

DS30605C-page 142

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 17-7:

AVERAGE FOSC vs. VDD FOR VARIOUS RESISTANCES RC MODE; C = 20 PF

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

4.5
Not recommended for operation over 4 MHz

4.0
3.3 k

3.5

FOSC (MHz)

3.0
5.1 k

2.5
2.0
1.5

10 k

1.0
0.5
100 k

0.0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

FIGURE 17-8:

AVERAGE FOSC vs. VDD FOR VARIOUS RESISTANCES RC MODE; C = 100 PF

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

2.5

2.0

FOSC (MHz)

3.3 k

1.5
5.1 k

1.0
10 k

0.5

100 k

0.0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 143

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 17-9:

AVERAGE FOSC vs. VDD FOR VARIOUS RESISTANCES RC MODE; C = 300 PF

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

1,000
900
800
700

FOSC (kHz)

3.3 k

600
500
5.1 k

400
300
10 k

200
100
100 k

0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

FIGURE 17-10:

VTH vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE TTL INPUT

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
Max (-40C)
VTH (V)

1.2
Typ (25C)

1.0
Min (125C)

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

DS30605C-page 144

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 17-11:

VIL, VIH vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE SCHMITT TRIGGER INPUT (I2C)
Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

4.0

3.5
VIH Typ (25C)

VIH Max (125C)

3.0
VIH Min (-40C)

VIN (V)

2.5

2.0
VIL Max (125C)

1.5
VIL Typ (25C)

VIL Min (-40C)

1.0

0.5

0.0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

FIGURE 17-12:

VIL, VIH vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE SCHMITT TRIGGER INPUT

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

4.0

3.5
VIH Max (125C)
3.0
VIH Typ (25C)
2.5
VIN (V)

VIH Min (-40C)

VIL Max (125C)
2.0
VIL Typ (25C)
1.5

VIL Min (-40C)

1.0

0.5

0.0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 145

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 17-13:

VOH vs. IOH AT VDD = 3.0 V

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

3.5

3.0

2.5

VOH (V)

Max (-40C)

2.0
Typical (25C)
1.5

1.0
Min (125C)

0.5

0.0
0

IOH (mA)

FIGURE 17-14:

VOH vs. IOH AT VDD = 5.0 V

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

5.5
5.0
4.5
Max (-40C)

4.0
Typical (25C)

VOH (V)

3.5
3.0
2.5
Min (125C)

2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0

IOH (mA)

DS30605C-page 146

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 17-15:

VOL vs. IOL AT VDD = 3.0 V

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
Max (125C)

VOL (V)

1.4
1.2
1.0

Typ (25C)

0.8
0.6
0.4
Min (-40C)

0.2
0.0
0

IOL (-mA)

FIGURE 17-16:

VOL vs. IOL AT VDD = 5.0 V

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4

VOL (V)

1.2
Max (125C)

1.0
0.8
Typ (25C)

0.6
0.4
Min (-40C)

0.2
0.0
0

IOL (-mA)

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 147

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 17-17:

IPD vs. VDD (85C) SLEEP MODE, ALL PERIPHERALS DISABLED

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

140
Max 85C
120

IPD (nA)

100

60
Typ 85C

Max 25C
Max -40C

0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

FIGURE 17-18:

IPD vs. VDD (125C) SLEEP MODE, ALL PERIPHERALS DISABLED

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

1,400

1,200
Max (125C)

IPD (nA)

1,000

800

600
Typ (125C)

400

200

0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

DS30605C-page 148

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 17-19:

IBOR vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE (-40C TO +125C)

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

200
180
160
140

IBOR (uA)

Max (125C)

120
100
Typ (25C)

Device
in
RESET

80
60

Indeterminant
State

Device
in
SLEEP
Max (125C)
Typ (25C)

RESET current depends on

oscillator mode, frequency, and
circuit.

40
20
0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

FIGURE 17-20:

ITIMER1 vs. VDD (-10C TO +70C)

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

120

100
Max (-10C to 70C)

ITIMER1 (uA)

60
Typical (25C)

0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 149

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 17-21:

IWDT vs. VDD (-40C TO +125C)

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

20
18
16

IWDT (A)

14
12
Max (-40C to 125C)

10
8
Typical (25C)
6
4
2
0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

FIGURE 17-22:

WDT PERIOD vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE (-40C TO +125C)

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

Maximum (125C)

WDT Period (ms)

20
Typical (25C)

10
Minimum (-40C)

0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

DS30605C-page 150

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
FIGURE 17-23:

AVERAGE WDT PERIOD vs. VDD OVER TEMPERATURE (-40C TO +125C)

Typical:
statistical mean @ 25C
Maximum: mean + 3 (-40C to 125C)
Minimum: mean 3 (-40C to 125C)

WDT Period (ms)

30
125C

85C

20
25C

15
-40C

0
2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

VDD (V)

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 151

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 152

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
18.0

PACKAGING INFORMATION

18.1

Package Marking Information

28-Lead PDIP (Skinny DIP)
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN

28-Lead CERDIP Windowed

Example
PIC16C73B-04/SP
0017HAT

Example

XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN

28-Lead SOIC

XXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN

Legend:

PIC16C73B-20/SO
0017SAA

Example

28-Lead SSOP

0017CAT

Example

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN

Note:

PIC16C73B/JW

XX...X
YY
WW
NNN

PIC16C73B20I/SS025
0017SBP

Customer specific information*

Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
Week code (week of January 1 is week 01)
Alphanumeric traceability code

In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will
be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters
for customer specific information.

Standard OTP marking consists of Microchip part number, year code, week code, facility code, mask
rev#, and assembly code. For OTP marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. Please check with
your Microchip Sales Office. For QTP devices, any special marking adders are included in QTP price.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 153

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
Package Marking Information (Contd)

40-Lead PDIP

Example

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN

40-Lead CERDIP Windowed

PIC16C74B-04/P
0017SAA

Example

XXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN

44-Lead TQFP

XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN

44-Lead MQFP

XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN

44-Lead PLCC

XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN

DS30605C-page 154

PIC16C74B/JW
0017HAT

Example

PIC16C74B
-20/PT
0017HAT

Example

PIC16C74B
-20/PQ
0017SAT

Example

PIC16C74B
-20/L
0017SAT

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
18.2

28-Lead Skinny Plastic Dual In-line (SP) 300 mil (PDIP)

2
n

A2
A
L

A1
eB

Units
Number of Pins
Pitch

Dimension Limits
n
p

INCHES*
MIN

NOM

MILLIMETERS
MAX

MIN

NOM

MAX
28

.100

2.54

Top to Seating Plane

.140

.150

.160

3.56

3.81

4.06

Molded Package Thickness

.125

.130

.135

3.18

3.30

3.43
8.26

Base to Seating Plane

.015

Shoulder to Shoulder Width

.300

.310

.325

7.62

7.87

Molded Package Width

.275

.285

.295

6.99

7.24

7.49

Overall Length

1.345

1.365

1.385

34.16

34.67

35.18

Tip to Seating Plane

L
c

.125

.130

.135

3.18

3.30

3.43

.008

.012

.015

0.20

0.29

0.38

.040

.053

.065

1.02

1.33

1.65

Lead Thickness
Upper Lead Width
Lower Lead Width
Overall Row Spacing
Mold Draft Angle Top
Mold Draft Angle Bottom

0.38

.016

.019

.022

0.41

0.48

0.56

.320

.350

.430

8.13

8.89

10.92

* Controlling Parameter
Significant Characteristic
Notes:
Dimension D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010 (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MO-095
Drawing No. C04-070

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 155

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
18.3

28-Lead Ceramic Dual In-line with Window (JW) 300 mil (CERDIP)

2
n

1
W1
E
A2

A
c

Units
Dimension Limits
n
p

Number of Pins
Pitch
Top to Seating Plane
Ceramic Package Height
Standoff
Shoulder to Shoulder Width
Ceramic Pkg. Width
Overall Length
Tip to Seating Plane
Lead Thickness
Upper Lead Width
Lower Lead Width
Overall Row Spacing

Window Width
Window Length
* Controlling Parameter
Significant Characteristic
JEDEC Equivalent: MO-058
Drawing No. C04-080

DS30605C-page 156

B1
B

A
A2
A1
E
E1
D
L
c
B1
B
eB
W1
W2

MIN

.170
.155
.015
.300
.285
1.430
.135
.008
.050
.016
.345
.130
.290

INCHES*
NOM
28
.100
.183
.160
.023
.313
.290
1.458
.140
.010
.058
.019
.385
.140
.300

MAX

.195
.165
.030
.325
.295
1.485
.145
.012
.065
.021
.425
.150
.310

p
MILLIMETERS
MIN
NOM
28
2.54
4.32
4.64
3.94
4.06
0.38
0.57
7.62
7.94
7.24
7.37
36.32
37.02
3.43
3.56
0.20
0.25
1.27
1.46
0.41
0.47
8.76
9.78
3.30
3.56
7.37
7.62

MAX

4.95
4.19
0.76
8.26
7.49
37.72
3.68
0.30
1.65
0.53
10.80
3.81
7.87

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
18.4

28-Lead Plastic Small Outline (SO) Wide, 300 mil (SOIC)

E
E1
p

B
2
1

n
h

45
c
A2

L
Units
Dimension Limits
n
p

Number of Pins
Pitch
Overall Height
Molded Package Thickness
Standoff
Overall Width
Molded Package Width
Overall Length
Chamfer Distance
Foot Length
Foot Angle Top
Lead Thickness
Lead Width
Mold Draft Angle Top
Mold Draft Angle Bottom
* Controlling Parameter
Significant Characteristic

A
A2
A1
E
E1
D
h
L

c
B

MIN

.093
.088
.004
.394
.288
.695
.010
.016
0
.009
.014
0
0

INCHES*
NOM
28
.050
.099
.091
.008
.407
.295
.704
.020
.033
4
.011
.017
12
12

MAX

.104
.094
.012
.420
.299
.712
.029
.050
8
.013
.020
15
15

MILLIMETERS
NOM
28
1.27
2.36
2.50
2.24
2.31
0.10
0.20
10.01
10.34
7.32
7.49
17.65
17.87
0.25
0.50
0.41
0.84
0
4
0.23
0.28
0.36
0.42
0
12
0
12

MIN

MAX

2.64
2.39
0.30
10.67
7.59
18.08
0.74
1.27
8
0.33
0.51
15
15

Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010 (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MS-013
Drawing No. C04-052

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 157

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
18.5

28-Lead Plastic Shrink Small Outline (SS) 209 mil, 5.30 mm (SSOP)

E
E1
p

B
2
1

A
c
A2

Units
Dimension Limits
n
p

Number of Pins
Pitch
Overall Height
Molded Package Thickness
Standoff
Overall Width
Molded Package Width
Overall Length
Foot Length
Lead Thickness
Foot Angle
Lead Width
Mold Draft Angle Top
Mold Draft Angle Bottom
* Controlling Parameter
Significant Characteristic

A
A2
A1
E
E1
D
L
c

MIN

.068
.064
.002
.299
.201
.396
.022
.004
0
.010
0
0

INCHES
NOM
28
.026
.073
.068
.006
.309
.207
.402
.030
.007
4
.013
5
5

MAX

.078
.072
.010
.319
.212
.407
.037
.010
8
.015
10
10

MILLIMETERS*
NOM
MAX
28
0.65
1.73
1.85
1.98
1.63
1.73
1.83
0.05
0.15
0.25
7.59
7.85
8.10
5.11
5.25
5.38
10.06
10.20
10.34
0.56
0.75
0.94
0.10
0.18
0.25
0.00
101.60
203.20
0.25
0.32
0.38
0
5
10
0
5
10

MIN

Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010 (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MS-150
Drawing No. C04-073

DS30605C-page 158

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
18.6

40-Lead Plastic Dual In-line (P) 600 mil (PDIP)

2
1

n
E

A1
eB

B
Units
Dimension Limits
n
p

MIN

INCHES*
NOM
40
.100
.175
.150

MAX

MILLIMETERS
NOM
40
2.54
4.06
4.45
3.56
3.81
0.38
15.11
15.24
13.46
13.84
51.94
52.26
3.05
3.30
0.20
0.29
0.76
1.27
0.36
0.46
15.75
16.51
5
10
5
10

MIN

Number of Pins
Pitch
Top to Seating Plane
A
.160
.190
Molded Package Thickness
A2
.140
.160
Base to Seating Plane
.015
A1
Shoulder to Shoulder Width
E
.595
.600
.625
Molded Package Width
E1
.530
.545
.560
Overall Length
D
2.045
2.058
2.065
Tip to Seating Plane
L
.120
.130
.135
c
Lead Thickness
.008
.012
.015
Upper Lead Width
B1
.030
.050
.070
Lower Lead Width
B
.014
.018
.022
Overall Row Spacing

eB
.620
.650
.680

Mold Draft Angle Top

5
10
15

Mold Draft Angle Bottom

5
10
15
* Controlling Parameter
Significant Characteristic
Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010 (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MO-011
Drawing No. C04-016

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

MAX

4.83
4.06
15.88
14.22
52.45
3.43
0.38
1.78
0.56
17.27
15
15

DS30605C-page 159

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
18.7

40-Lead Ceramic Dual In-line with Window (JW) 600 mil (CERDIP)

2
1

n
E

A2
L

c
B1
B

eB
Units
Dimension Limits
n
p

Window Diameter
* Controlling Parameter
Significant Characteristic
JEDEC Equivalent: MO-103
Drawing No. C04-014

DS30605C-page 160

A
A2
A1
E
E1
D
L
c
B
B1
eB
W

MIN

.185
.155
.030
.595
.514
2.040
.135
.008
.050
.016
.610
.340

INCHES*
NOM
40
.100
.205
.160
.045
.600
.520
2.050
.140
.011
.053
.020
.660
.350

MAX

.225
.165
.060
.625
.526
2.060
.145
.014
.055
.023
.710
.360

p
MILLIMETERS
NOM
40
2.54
4.70
5.21
3.94
4.06
0.76
1.14
15.11
15.24
13.06
13.21
51.82
52.07
3.43
3.56
0.20
0.28
1.27
1.33
0.41
0.51
15.49
16.76
8.64
8.89

MIN

MAX

5.72
4.19
1.52
15.88
13.36
52.32
3.68
0.36
1.40
0.58
18.03
9.14

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
18.8

44-Lead Plastic Thin Quad Flatpack (PT) 10x10x1 mm Body, 1.0/0.10 mm Lead Form
(TQFP)

E
E1
#leads=n1
p

2
1

B
n

CH x 45

A
c

A2
(F)

Units
Dimension Limits
n
p

Number of Pins
Pitch
Pins per Side
Overall Height
Molded Package Thickness
Standoff
Foot Length
Footprint (Reference)
Foot Angle
Overall Width
Overall Length
Molded Package Width
Molded Package Length
Lead Thickness
Lead Width
Pin 1 Corner Chamfer
Mold Draft Angle Top
Mold Draft Angle Bottom
* Controlling Parameter
Significant Characteristic

n1
A
A2
A1
L
(F)

E
D
E1
D1
c
B
CH

MIN

.039
.037
.002
.018
0
.463
.463
.390
.390
.004
.012
.025
5
5

INCHES
NOM
44
.031
11
.043
.039
.004
.024
.039
3.5
.472
.472
.394
.394
.006
.015
.035
10
10

MAX

.047
.041
.006
.030
7
.482
.482
.398
.398
.008
.017
.045
15
15

MILLIMETERS*
NOM
44
0.80
11
1.00
1.10
0.95
1.00
0.05
0.10
0.45
0.60
1.00
0
3.5
11.75
12.00
11.75
12.00
9.90
10.00
9.90
10.00
0.09
0.15
0.30
0.38
0.64
0.89
5
10
5
10

MIN

MAX

1.20
1.05
0.15
0.75
7
12.25
12.25
10.10
10.10
0.20
0.44
1.14
15
15

Notes:
Dimensions D1 and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010 (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MS-026
Drawing No. C04-076

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 161

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
18.9

44-Lead Plastic Metric Quad Flatpack (PQ) 10x10x2 mm Body, 1.6/0.15 mm Lead
Form (MQFP)

E
E1
#leads=n1
p

D1 D

2
1

B
n

CH x 45

Units
Dimension Limits
n
p

n1
A
A2
A1
L
(F)

E
D
E1
D1
c
B
CH

MIN

.079
.077
.002
.029
0
.510
.510
.390
.390
.005
.012
.025
5
5

(F)

INCHES
NOM
44
.031
11
.086
.080
.006
.035
.063
3.5
.520
.520
.394
.394
.007
.015
.035
10
10

MAX

.093
.083
.010
.041
7
.530
.530
.398
.398
.009
.018
.045
15
15

MILLIMETERS*
NOM
44
0.80
11
2.00
2.18
1.95
2.03
0.05
0.15
0.73
0.88
1.60
0
3.5
12.95
13.20
12.95
13.20
9.90
10.00
9.90
10.00
0.13
0.18
0.30
0.38
0.64
0.89
5
10
5
10

MIN

MAX

2.35
2.10
0.25
1.03
7
13.45
13.45
10.10
10.10
0.23
0.45
1.14
15
15

Notes:
Dimensions D1 and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010 (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MS-022
Drawing No. C04-071

DS30605C-page 162

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
18.10 44-Lead Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (L) Square (PLCC)

E
E1
#leads=n1

D1 D

n 1 2
CH2 x 45

CH1 x 45

A3
A2

A
B1
B

E2
Units
Dimension Limits
n
p

A1
p

D2
INCHES*
NOM
44
.050
11
.165
.173
.145
.153
.028
.020
.024
.029
.040
.045
.000
.005
.685
.690
.685
.690
.650
.653
.650
.653
.590
.620
.590
.620
.008
.011
.026
.029
.013
.020
0
5
0
5

MIN

MAX

MILLIMETERS
NOM
44
1.27
11
4.19
4.39
3.68
3.87
0.71
0.51
0.61
0.74
1.02
1.14
0.00
0.13
17.40
17.53
17.40
17.53
16.51
16.59
16.51
16.59
14.99
15.75
14.99
15.75
0.20
0.27
0.66
0.74
0.33
0.51
0
5
0
5

MIN

Number of Pins
Pitch
Pins per Side
n1
Overall Height
A
.180
.160
Molded Package Thickness
A2
.035
Standoff
A1
A3
Side 1 Chamfer Height
.034
Corner Chamfer 1
CH1
.050
Corner Chamfer (others)
CH2
.010
Overall Width
E
.695
Overall Length
D
.695
Molded Package Width
E1
.656
Molded Package Length
D1
.656
Footprint Width
E2
.630
Footprint Length
.630
D2
c
Lead Thickness
.013
Upper Lead Width
B1
.032
Lower Lead Width
B
.021

Mold Draft Angle Top

Mold Draft Angle Bottom

10
* Controlling Parameter
Significant Characteristic
Notes:
Dimensions D and E1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed
.010 (0.254mm) per side.
JEDEC Equivalent: MO-047
Drawing No. C04-048

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

MAX

4.57
4.06
0.89
0.86
1.27
0.25
17.65
17.65
16.66
16.66
16.00
16.00
0.33
0.81
0.53
10
10

DS30605C-page 163

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 164

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
APPENDIX A:

REVISION HISTORY

Version

Date

Revision Description

7/98

This is a new data sheet. However, the devices described in this data sheet are
the upgrades to the devices found in the PIC16C6X Data Sheet, DS30234, and
the PIC16C7X Data Sheet, DS30390.

1/99

Corrections to Version A data sheet for technical accuracy.

Added data:
Operation of the SMP and CKE bits of the SSPSTAT register in I2C mode
have been specified
Frequency vs. VDD graphs for device operating area (in Electrical
Specifications)
Formula for calculating A/D acquisition time, TACQ (in the A/D section)
Brief description of instructions
Removed data (see PICmicroTM Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual,
DS33023, for additional data):
USART Baud Rate Tables (formulas for calculating baud rate remain)

12/00

Minor changes to text to clarify content

Revised some DC specifications
Included characteristic charts and graphs

APPENDIX B:

DEVICE DIFFERENCES

The differences between the devices in this data sheet are listed in Table B-1.

TABLE B-1:

DEVICE DIFFERENCES

Difference

PIC16C63A

PIC16C65B

PIC16C73B

PIC16C74B

A/D

5 channels, 8 bits

8 channels, 8 bits

Parallel Slave Port

yes

Packages

28-pin PDIP, 28-pin

windowed CERDIP,
28-pin SOIC, 28-pin
SSOP

40-pin PDIP, 40-pin

windowed CERDIP,
44-pin TQFP, 44-pin
MQFP, 44-pin PLCC

28-pin PDIP, 28-pin

windowed CERDIP,
28-pin SOIC, 28-pin
SSOP

40-pin PDIP, 40-pin

windowed CERDIP,
44-pin TQFP, 44-pin
MQFP, 44-pin PLCC

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 165

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
APPENDIX C:

DEVICE MIGRATIONS PIC16C63/65A/73A/74A PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B

This document is intended to describe the functional differences and the electrical specification differences that are
present when migrating from one device to the next. Table C-1 shows functional differences, while Table C-2 shows
electrical and timing differences.
Note:

Even though compatible devices are specified to be tested to the same electrical specification, the device
characteristics may be different from each other (due to process differences). For systems that were
designed to the device specifications, these process differences should not cause any issues in the application. For systems that did not tightly meet the electrical specifications, the process differences may cause
the device to behave differently in the application.

Note:

While there are no functional or electrical changes to the device oscillator specifications, the user should
verify that the device oscillator starts and performs as expected. Adjusting the loading capacitor values
and/or the oscillator mode may be required.

TABLE C-1:
No.

Module

CCP

FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES
Differences from PIC16C63/65A/73A/74A

H/W S/W Prog.

CCP Special Event Trigger clears Timer1.

Compare mode drives pin correctly.

Writing to TMR1L does not affect TMR1H.

WDT/TMR0 prescaler assignment changes do not affect TMR0 count.

TMR2 SPI clock synchronized to start of SPI Transmission.

Can now transmit multiple words in SPI mode.

Supports all four SPI modes. (Now uses SSP vs. BSSP module.)
See SSP module in the PICmicro Mid-Range MCU Family Reference Manual (DS33023).
I2C no longer generates ACK pulses when module is enabled.

2
3

Timers

4
5

SSP

8
9

USART Async receive errors due to BRGH setting corrected.

VREF = VDD when all inputs are configured as digital.

This allows conversion of digital inputs. (A/D on PIC16C73X/74X only.)
H/W - Issues may exist with regard to the application circuits.
S/W - Issues may exist with regard to the user program.
Prog. - Issues may exist when writing the program to the controller.
10

A/D

DS30605C-page 166

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TABLE C-2:
Param
No.

SPECIFICATION DIFFERENCES
PIC16C63/65A/73A/74A

Symbol

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B

Characteristic

Unit
Min

Typ

Max

Min

Typ

Max

4.0

6.0

4.0
VBOR(1)

5.5
5.5

V
V

Brown-out Reset Voltage

Open-Drain High Voltage on
RA4

3.7

4.0

4.3
14.0

3.65
-

4.35
8.5

V
V

Reference voltage
Conversion time (Note 2)
(not including S/H time)

3.0

2.5
11
(Note 4)

Core
D001
D001A

VDD

D005
D150*

BVDD
VOD

A/D Converter
A20
VREF
131
TCNV
SSP in SPI mode
71
TscH
71A
72
TscL
72A
73

TdiV2scH
TdiV2scL
TB 2 B

73A
(Note 5)
74
TscH2diL
TscL2diL
75
TdoR
78

TscR

TscH2doV
TscL2doV

Supply Voltage

SCK input high

Continuous TCY+20
time (Slave mode) Single Byte
SCK input low
Continuous TCY+20
time
Single Byte
(Slave mode)
Setup time of SDI data input to
50
SCK edge
Last clock edge of Byte1 to the

1st clock edge of Byte2

Hold time of SDI data input to
50
SCK edge
SDO data output PIC16CXX

rise time
PIC16LCXX
SCK output rise
PIC16CXX

time (Master
PIC16LCXX
mode)
SDO data output PIC16CXX

valid after SCK

PIC16LCXX
edge

SS after SCK edge

VDD + 0.3
9.5

(Note 3)

VDD + 0.3 V
11
TAD
(Note 4)

1.25TCY + 30
40

ns
ns

1.25TCY + 30
40

ns
ns

100

1.5TCY + 40

100

10
20
10
20

25
45
25
45

ns
ns
ns
ns

50
100

ns
ns

50
1.5TCY + 40

ns
TscH2ssH
TscL2ssH
Data in Typ column is at 5V, 25C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance only and are not
tested.

Note 1:
2:
3:
4:
5:

When BOR is enabled, the device will operate until VDD drops below VBOR.
ADRES register may be read on the following TCY cycle.
This is the time that the actual conversion requires.
This is the time from when the GO/DONE bit is set, to when the conversion result appears in ADRES.
Specification 73A is only required if specifications 71A and 72A are used.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 167

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
APPENDIX D:

MIGRATION FROM BASELINE TO MID-RANGE DEVICES

This section discusses how to migrate from a baseline

device (i.e., PIC16C5X) to a mid-range device (i.e.,
PIC16CXXX).
The following are the list of modifications over the
PIC16C5X microcontroller family:
1.

3.
4.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

10.
11.

12.
13.
14.
15.

16.
17.

18.

Instruction word length is increased to 14-bits.

This allows larger page sizes, both in program
memory (2 K now as opposed to 512 before)
and register file (128 bytes now versus 32 bytes
before).
A PC high latch register (PCLATH) is added to
handle program memory paging. Bits PA2, PA1
and PA0 are removed from STATUS register.
Data memory paging is redefined slightly.
STATUS register is modified.
Four new instructions have been added:
RETURN, RETFIE, ADDLW and SUBLW.
Two instructions, TRIS and OPTION, are being
phased out, although they are kept for compatibility with PIC16C5X.
OPTION and TRIS registers are made addressable.
Interrupt capability is added. Interrupt vector is
at 0004h.
Stack size is increased to 8-deep.
RESET vector is changed to 0000h.
RESET of all registers is revisited. Five different
RESET (and wake-up) types are recognized.
Registers are reset differently.
Wake up from SLEEP through interrupt is
added.
Two separate timers, Oscillator Start-up Timer
(OST) and Power-up Timer (PWRT) are
included for more reliable power-up. These timers are invoked selectively to avoid unnecessary delays on power-up and wake-up.
PORTB
has
weak
pull-ups
and
interrupt-on-change feature.
T0CKI pin is also a port pin (RA4) now.
FSR is made a full 8-bit register.
In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) is made
possible. The user can program PIC16CXX
devices using only five pins: VDD, VSS,
MCLR/VPP, RB6 (clock) and RB7 (data in/out).
PCON status register is added with a Power-on
Reset status bit (POR).
Code protection scheme is enhanced, such that
portions of the program memory can be protected, while the remainder is unprotected.
Brown-out protection circuitry has been added.
Controlled by configuration word bit BODEN.
Brown-out Reset ensures the device is placed in
a RESET condition if VDD dips below a fixed
setpoint.

DS30605C-page 168

To convert code written for PIC16C5X to PIC16CXX,

the user should take the following steps:
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

Remove any program memory page select

operations (PA2, PA1, PA0 bits) for CALL, GOTO.
Revisit any computed jump operations (write to
PC or add to PC, etc.) to make sure page bits
are set properly under the new scheme.
Eliminate any data memory page switching.
Redefine data variables to reallocate them.
Verify all writes to STATUS, OPTION and FSR
registers since these have changed.
Change RESET vector to 0000h.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
INDEX
A
A/D
ADCON0 Register....................................................... 79
ADCON1 Register....................................................... 80
Analog Input Model Block Diagram............................. 82
Analog-to-Digital Converter......................................... 79
Block Diagram............................................................. 81
Configuring Analog Port Pins...................................... 83
Configuring the Interrupt ............................................. 81
Configuring the Module............................................... 81
Conversion Clock........................................................ 83
Conversions ................................................................ 83
Converter Characteristics ......................................... 137
Effects of a RESET ..................................................... 83
Faster Conversion - Lower Resolution Trade-off ........ 83
Internal Sampling Switch (Rss) Impedance ................ 82
Operation During SLEEP ............................................ 83
Sampling Requirements.............................................. 82
Source Impedance...................................................... 82
Timing Diagram......................................................... 138
Using the CCP Trigger ................................................ 83
Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................................. 113
ACK............................................................................... 60, 62
ADRES Register ........................................................... 17, 79
Application Notes
AN552 (Implementing Wake-up on Key Strokes
Using PIC16CXXX)..................................................... 31
AN556 (Table Reading Using PIC16CXX) .................. 26
AN578 (Use of the SSP Module in the I2C
Multi-Master Environment).......................................... 55
AN607, (Power-up Trouble Shooting) ......................... 89
Architecture
Overview ....................................................................... 9
Assembler
MPASM Assembler ................................................. 107

B
Baud Rate Formula ............................................................. 67
BF ................................................................................. 56, 60
Block Diagrams
A/D .............................................................................. 81
Analog Input Model ..................................................... 82
Capture ....................................................................... 51
Compare ..................................................................... 52
I2C Mode..................................................................... 60
On-Chip Reset Circuit ................................................. 88
PIC16C74 ................................................................... 10
PIC16C74A ................................................................. 10
PIC16C77 ................................................................... 10
PORTC ....................................................................... 33
PORTD (In I/O Port Mode).......................................... 34
PORTD and PORTE as a Parallel Slave Port............. 37
PORTE (In I/O Port Mode).......................................... 35
PWM ........................................................................... 52
RA4/T0CKI Pin............................................................ 29
RB3:RB0 Port Pins ..................................................... 31
RB7:RB4 Port Pins ..................................................... 31
SSP in I2C Mode......................................................... 60
SSP in SPI Mode ........................................................ 55
Timer0/WDT Prescaler................................................ 39
Timer2 ......................................................................... 47
USART Receive.......................................................... 70
USART Transmit ......................................................... 68
Watchdog Timer .......................................................... 96

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

BOR bit ......................................................................... 25, 89

BRGH bit ............................................................................ 67
Brown-out Reset (BOR)
Timing Diagram ........................................................ 126
Buffer Full Status bit, BF..................................................... 56

C
C bit .................................................................................... 19
Capture/Compare/PWM
Capture
Block Diagram .................................................... 51
CCP1CON Register............................................ 50
CCP1IF............................................................... 51
Mode .................................................................. 51
Prescaler ............................................................ 51
CCP Timer Resources................................................ 49
Compare
Block Diagram .................................................... 52
Mode .................................................................. 52
Software Interrupt Mode ..................................... 52
Special Event Trigger ......................................... 52
Special Trigger Output of CCP1 ......................... 52
Special Trigger Output of CCP2 ......................... 52
Interaction of Two CCP Modules ................................ 49
Section........................................................................ 49
Special Event Trigger and A/D Conversions............... 52
Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP)
PWM Block Diagram .................................................. 52
PWM Mode................................................................. 52
PWM, Example Frequencies/Resolutions .................. 53
Timing Diagram ........................................................ 128
CCP2IE bit .......................................................................... 24
CCP2IF bit .......................................................................... 24
CCPR1H Register......................................................... 17, 49
CCPR1L Register ............................................................... 49
CCPR2H Register............................................................... 17
CCPR2L Register ............................................................... 17
CCPxM0 bit......................................................................... 50
CCPxM1 bit......................................................................... 50
CCPxM2 bit......................................................................... 50
CCPxM3 bit......................................................................... 50
CCPxX bit ........................................................................... 50
CCPxY bit ........................................................................... 50
CKE .................................................................................... 56
CKP .................................................................................... 57
Clock Polarity Select bit, CKP............................................. 57
Clocking Scheme................................................................ 14
Code Examples
Call of a Subroutine in Page 1 from Page 0 ............... 26
Indirect Addressing..................................................... 27
Initializing PORTA....................................................... 29
Code Protection ............................................................ 85, 98
Computed GOTO................................................................ 26
Configuration Bits ............................................................... 85
CREN bit............................................................................. 66
CS pin................................................................................. 37

DS30605C-page 169

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
D
D/A ...................................................................................... 56
Data Memory
Register File Map ........................................................ 16
Data/Address bit, D/A.......................................................... 56
DC bit .................................................................................. 19
Development Support ........................................................... 5
Device Differences ............................................................ 165
Direct Addressing................................................................ 27

E
Electrical Characteristics................................................... 113
Errata .................................................................................... 3

F
FERR bit.............................................................................. 66
FSR Register........................................................... 17, 18, 27

G
General Description .............................................................. 5
GIE bit ................................................................................. 93

I
I/O Ports
PORTA ........................................................................ 29
PORTB........................................................................ 31
PORTC........................................................................ 33
PORTD.................................................................. 34, 37
PORTE........................................................................ 35
Section ........................................................................ 29
I2C
Addressing .................................................................. 61
Block Diagram............................................................. 60
I2C Operation .............................................................. 60
Master Mode ............................................................... 64
Mode ........................................................................... 60
Mode Selection ........................................................... 60
Multi-Master Mode ...................................................... 64
Reception .................................................................... 62
Reception Timing Diagram.......................................... 62
SCL and SDA pins ...................................................... 60
Slave Mode ................................................................. 60
Transmission............................................................... 63
I2C (SSP Module)
Timing Diagram, Data ............................................... 134
Timing Diagram, START/STOP Bits.......................... 134
In-Circuit Serial Programming ....................................... 85, 98
INDF Register ......................................................... 17, 18, 27
Indirect Addressing ............................................................. 27
Instruction Cycle.................................................................. 14
Instruction Flow/Pipelining .................................................. 14
Instruction Format ............................................................... 99
Instruction Set
ADDLW ..................................................................... 101
ADDWF ..................................................................... 101
ANDLW ..................................................................... 101
ANDWF ..................................................................... 101
BCF ........................................................................... 101
BSF ........................................................................... 101
BTFSC ...................................................................... 102
BTFSS ...................................................................... 102
CALL ......................................................................... 102
CLRF......................................................................... 102
CLRW........................................................................ 102
CLRWDT................................................................... 102

DS30605C-page 170

COMF ....................................................................... 103

DECF ........................................................................ 103
DECFSZ ................................................................... 103
GOTO ....................................................................... 103
INCF ......................................................................... 103
INCFSZ..................................................................... 103
IORLW ...................................................................... 104
IORWF...................................................................... 104
MOVF ....................................................................... 104
MOVLW .................................................................... 104
MOVWF .................................................................... 104
NOP .......................................................................... 104
RETFIE ..................................................................... 105
RETLW ..................................................................... 105
RETURN................................................................... 105
RLF ........................................................................... 105
RRF .......................................................................... 105
SLEEP ...................................................................... 105
SUBLW ..................................................................... 106
SUBWF..................................................................... 106
SWAPF ..................................................................... 106
XORLW..................................................................... 106
XORWF .................................................................... 106
Section........................................................................ 99
Summary Table......................................................... 100
INT Interrupt........................................................................ 94
INTCON Register................................................................ 21
INTEDG bit ................................................................... 20, 94
Internal Sampling Switch (Rss) Impedance........................ 82
Interrupts............................................................................. 85
PORTB Change.......................................................... 94
RB7:RB4 Port Change................................................ 31
Section........................................................................ 93
TMR0 .......................................................................... 94
IRP bit ................................................................................. 19

K
KEELOQ Evaluation and Programming Tools .................... 110

L
Loading of PC ..................................................................... 26

M
MCLR............................................................................ 87, 90
Memory
Data Memory .............................................................. 15
Program Memory ........................................................ 15
Program Memory Maps
PIC16C73 ........................................................... 15
PIC16C73A......................................................... 15
PIC16C74 ........................................................... 15
PIC16C74A......................................................... 15
Register File Maps
PIC16C73 ........................................................... 16
PIC16C73A......................................................... 16
PIC16C74 ........................................................... 16
PIC16C74A......................................................... 16
PIC16C76 ........................................................... 16
PIC16C77 ........................................................... 16
MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment Software ...................................................... 107

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
O
OERR bit ............................................................................. 66
OPCODE ............................................................................ 99
OPTION Register ................................................................ 20
OSC Selection .................................................................... 85
Oscillator
HS ......................................................................... 86, 90
LP.......................................................................... 86, 90
RC............................................................................... 86
XT ......................................................................... 86, 90
Oscillator Configurations ..................................................... 86
Output of TMR2 .................................................................. 47

P
P.......................................................................................... 56
Packaging ......................................................................... 153
Paging, Program Memory ................................................... 26
Parallel Slave Port ........................................................ 34, 37
Parallel Slave Port (PSP)
Timing Diagram......................................................... 129
PCFG0 bit ........................................................................... 80
PCFG1 bit ........................................................................... 80
PCFG2 bit ........................................................................... 80
PCL Register........................................................... 17, 18, 26
PCLATH .............................................................................. 91
PCLATH Register ................................................... 17, 18, 26
PCON Register ............................................................. 25, 89
PD bit ............................................................................ 19, 87
PICDEMTM 1 Low Cost PICmicro
Demonstration Board ........................................................ 109
PICDEMTM 2 Low Cost PIC16CXX
Demonstration Board ........................................................ 109
PICDEMTM 3 Low Cost PIC16CXXX
Demonstration Board ........................................................ 110
PICSTART Plus Entry Level
Development System ........................................................ 109
PIE1 Register ...................................................................... 22
PIE2 Register ...................................................................... 24
Pin Functions
MCLR/VPP............................................................. 11, 12
OSC1/CLKIN......................................................... 11, 12
OSC2/CLKOUT..................................................... 11, 12
RA0/AN0 ............................................................... 11, 12
RA1/AN1 ............................................................... 11, 12
RA2/AN2 ............................................................... 11, 12
RA3/AN3/VREF ...................................................... 11, 12
RA4/T0CKI............................................................ 11, 12
RA5/AN4/SS ......................................................... 11, 12
RB0/INT ................................................................ 11, 12
RB1 ....................................................................... 11, 12
RB2 ....................................................................... 11, 12
RB3 ....................................................................... 11, 12
RB4 ....................................................................... 11, 12
RB5 ....................................................................... 11, 12
RB6 ....................................................................... 11, 12
RB7 ....................................................................... 11, 12
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI .............................................. 11, 13
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2................................................. 11, 13
RC2/CCP1 ............................................................ 11, 13
RC3/SCK/SCL ...................................................... 11, 13
RC4/SDI/SDA ....................................................... 11, 13
RC5/SDO .............................................................. 11, 13
RC6/TX/CK ............................................... 11, 13, 6576
RC7/RX/DT ............................................... 11, 13, 6576
RD0/PSP0................................................................... 13

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

RD1/PSP1 .................................................................. 13
RD2/PSP2 .................................................................. 13
RD3/PSP3 .................................................................. 13
RD4/PSP4 .................................................................. 13
RD5/PSP5 .................................................................. 13
RD6/PSP6 .................................................................. 13
RD7/PSP7 .................................................................. 13
RE0/RD/AN5 .............................................................. 13
RE1/WR/AN6.............................................................. 13
RE2/CS/AN7............................................................... 13
VDD ........................................................................11, 13
VSS ........................................................................11, 13
Pinout Descriptions
PIC16C73 ................................................................... 11
PIC16C73A................................................................. 11
PIC16C74 ................................................................... 12
PIC16C74A................................................................. 12
PIC16C76 ................................................................... 11
PIC16C77 ................................................................... 12
PIR1 Register ..................................................................... 23
PIR2 Register ..................................................................... 24
POP .................................................................................... 26
POR .................................................................................... 89
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ............................ 85, 89
Power Control Register (PCON)................................. 89
Power-on Reset (POR)................................... 85, 89, 91
Power-up Timer (PWRT) ............................................ 85
Power-Up-Timer (PWRT) ........................................... 89
TO............................................................................... 87
POR bit ......................................................................... 25, 89
Port RB Interrupt................................................................. 94
PORTA ............................................................................... 91
PORTA Register ........................................................... 17, 29
PORTB ............................................................................... 91
PORTB Register ........................................................... 17, 31
PORTC ............................................................................... 91
PORTC Register........................................................... 17, 33
PORTD ............................................................................... 91
PORTD Register........................................................... 17, 34
PORTE ............................................................................... 91
PORTE Register ........................................................... 17, 35
Power-down Mode (SLEEP)............................................... 97
Power-on Reset (POR)
Timing Diagram ........................................................ 126
PR2 Register ................................................................ 18, 47
PRO MATE II Universal Programmer ............................. 109
Product Identification System ........................................... 177
Program Memory
Paging ........................................................................ 26
Program Memory Maps
PIC16C73 ................................................................... 15
PIC16C73A................................................................. 15
PIC16C74 ................................................................... 15
PIC16C74A................................................................. 15
Program Verification ........................................................... 98
PS0 bit ................................................................................ 20
PS1 bit ................................................................................ 20
PS2 bit ................................................................................ 20
PSA bit................................................................................ 20
PSPMODE bit ......................................................... 34, 35, 37
PUSH.................................................................................. 26

DS30605C-page 171

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
R
R/W ..................................................................................... 56
R/W bit .................................................................... 61, 62, 63
RBIF bit ......................................................................... 31, 94
RBPU bit ............................................................................. 20
RC Oscillator ................................................................. 87, 90
RCSTA Register.................................................................. 66
RD pin ................................................................................. 37
Read/Write bit Information, R/W ......................................... 56
Receive Overflow Indicator bit, SSPOV .............................. 57
Register File ........................................................................ 15
Register File Map ................................................................ 16
Registers
Maps
PIC16C73 ........................................................... 16
PIC16C73A ......................................................... 16
PIC16C74 ........................................................... 16
PIC16C74A ......................................................... 16
RESET Conditions ...................................................... 90
SSPSTAT .................................................................... 56
Summary..................................................................... 17
RESET .......................................................................... 85, 87
Timing Diagram......................................................... 126
RESET Conditions for Special Registers ............................ 90
Revision History ................................................................ 165
RP0 bit .......................................................................... 15, 19
RP1 bit ................................................................................ 19
RX9 bit ................................................................................ 66
RX9D bit.............................................................................. 66

S
S.......................................................................................... 56
SCL ..................................................................................... 60
Serial Communication Interface (SCI) Module,
See USART
Services
One-Time-Programmable (OTP)................................... 7
Quick-Turnaround-Production (QTP) ............................ 7
Serialized Quick-Turnaround Production
(SQTP) .......................................................................... 7
Slave Mode
SCL ............................................................................. 60
SDA............................................................................. 60
SLEEP........................................................................... 85, 87
SMP .................................................................................... 56
Software Simulator (MPLAB-SIM)..................................... 108
SPBRG Register ................................................................. 18
Special Features of the CPU............................................... 85
Special Function Registers
PIC16C73 ................................................................... 17
PIC16C73A ................................................................. 17
PIC16C74 ................................................................... 17
PIC16C74A ................................................................. 17
Special Function Registers, Section ................................... 16
SPEN bit.............................................................................. 66
SPI
Block Diagram............................................................. 55
Master Mode Timing ................................................... 58
Serial Clock ................................................................. 55
Serial Data In .............................................................. 55
Serial Data Out............................................................ 55
Slave Mode Timing ..................................................... 59
Slave Mode Timing Diagram ....................................... 58
Slave Select ................................................................ 55
SSPCON ..................................................................... 57

DS30605C-page 172

SSPSTAT .................................................................... 56
SPI Clock Edge Select bit, CKE ......................................... 56
SPI Data Input Sample Phase Select bit, SMP .................. 56
SREN bit ............................................................................. 66
SSP
Module Overview ........................................................ 55
Section........................................................................ 55
SSPCON .................................................................... 57
SSPSTAT .................................................................... 56
SSPADD Register............................................................... 18
SSPBUF Register ............................................................... 17
SSPCON............................................................................. 57
SSPCON Register .............................................................. 17
SSPEN................................................................................ 57
SSPM3:SSPM0 .................................................................. 57
SSPOV ......................................................................... 57, 60
SSPSTAT Register ....................................................... 18, 56
Stack................................................................................... 26
Overflows.................................................................... 26
Underflow ................................................................... 26
START bit, S....................................................................... 56
STATUS Register ............................................................... 19
STOP bit, P......................................................................... 56
Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit, SSPEN...................... 57
Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits,
SSPM3:SSPM0 .................................................................. 57
Synchronous Serial Port Module ........................................ 55
Synchronous Serial Port Status Register ........................... 56

T
T0CS bit.............................................................................. 20
T1CKPS0 bit ....................................................................... 43
T1CKPS1 bit ....................................................................... 43
T1CON Register ................................................................. 43
T1OSCEN bit ...................................................................... 43
T1SYNC bit......................................................................... 43
T2CKPS0 bit ....................................................................... 47
T2CKPS1 bit ....................................................................... 47
T2CON Register ................................................................. 47
TAD...................................................................................... 83
Timer0
RTCC.......................................................................... 91
Timing Diagram ........................................................ 127
Timer1
Timing Diagram ........................................................ 127
Timers
Timer0
External Clock .................................................... 40
Interrupt .............................................................. 39
Prescaler ............................................................ 40
Prescaler Block Diagram .................................... 39
Section................................................................ 39
T0CKI ................................................................. 40
T0IF .................................................................... 94
TMR0 Interrupt ................................................... 94
Timer1
Asynchronous Counter Mode ............................. 45
Capacitor Selection ............................................ 45
Operation in Timer Mode.................................... 44
Oscillator............................................................. 45
Prescaler ............................................................ 45
Resetting of Timer1 Registers ............................ 45
Resetting Timer1 using a CCP
Trigger Output .................................................... 45
Synchronized Counter Mode .............................. 44
T1CON ............................................................... 43

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
TMR1H ............................................................... 45
TMR1L ................................................................ 45
Timer2
Block Diagram .................................................... 47
Module ................................................................ 47
Postscaler ........................................................... 47
Prescaler............................................................. 47
T2CON................................................................ 47
Timing Diagrams
I2C Reception (7-bit Address) ..................................... 62
SPI Master Mode ........................................................ 58
SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 1) ......................................... 59
SPI Slave Mode Timing (CKE = 0).............................. 58
USART Asynchronous Master Transmission.............. 69
USART Asynchronous Reception............................... 71
USART Synchronous Reception................................. 75
USART Synchronous Transmission............................ 73
Wake-up from SLEEP via Interrupt ............................. 98
Timing Diagrams and Specifications................................. 124
A/D Conversion......................................................... 138
Brown-out Reset (BOR) ............................................ 126
Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP)................................. 128
CLKOUT and I/O....................................................... 125
External Clock........................................................... 124
I2C Bus Data ............................................................. 134
I2C Bus START/STOP Bits ....................................... 134
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)................................. 126
Parallel Slave Port (PSP).......................................... 129
Power-up Timer (PWRT)........................................... 126
RESET ...................................................................... 126
Timer0 and Timer1.................................................... 127
USART Synchronous Receive (Master/Slave) ......... 136
USART SynchronousTransmission (Master/Slave) .. 136
Watchdog Timer (WDT) ............................................ 126
TMR0 Register .................................................................... 17
TMR1CS bit ........................................................................ 43
TMR1H Register ................................................................. 17
TMR1L Register .................................................................. 17
TMR1ON bit ........................................................................ 43
TMR2 Register .................................................................... 17
TMR2ON bit ........................................................................ 47
TO bit .................................................................................. 19
TOUTPS0 bit....................................................................... 47
TOUTPS1 bit....................................................................... 47
TOUTPS2 bit....................................................................... 47
TOUTPS3 bit....................................................................... 47
TRISA Register ............................................................. 18, 29
TRISB Register ............................................................. 18, 31
TRISC Register ............................................................. 18, 33
TRISD Register ............................................................. 18, 34
TRISE Register ....................................................... 18, 35, 36
TXSTA Register .................................................................. 65

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

U
UA....................................................................................... 56
Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter (USART) .......................................................... 65
Update Address bit, UA ...................................................... 56
USART
Asynchronous Mode................................................... 68
Asynchronous Receiver.............................................. 70
Asynchronous Reception............................................ 71
Asynchronous Transmitter.......................................... 68
Baud Rate Generator (BRG) ...................................... 67
Receive Block Diagram .............................................. 70
Sampling..................................................................... 67
Synchronous Master Mode......................................... 72
Timing Diagram, Synchronous Receive ........... 136
Timing Diagram, Synchronous Transmission... 136
Synchronous Master Reception ................................. 74
Synchronous Master Transmission ............................ 72
Synchronous Slave Mode........................................... 76
Synchronous Slave Reception ................................... 76
Synchronous Slave Transmit...................................... 76
Transmit Block Diagram ............................................. 68
UV Erasable Devices............................................................ 7

W
Wake-up from SLEEP......................................................... 97
Watchdog Timer (WDT).................................... 85, 87, 90, 95
Timing Diagram ........................................................ 126
WCOL ................................................................................. 57
WDT ................................................................................... 90
Block Diagram ............................................................ 96
Period ......................................................................... 95
Programming Considerations ..................................... 96
Time-out...................................................................... 91
WR pin ................................................................................ 37
Write Collision Detect bit, WCOL........................................ 57
WWW, On-Line Support ....................................................... 3

Z
Z bit..................................................................................... 19

DS30605C-page 173

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 174

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
ON-LINE SUPPORT
Microchip provides on-line support on the Microchip
World Wide Web (WWW) site.
The web site is used by Microchip as a means to make
files and information easily available to customers. To
view the site, the user must have access to the Internet
and a web browser, such as Netscape or Microsoft
Explorer. Files are also available for FTP download
from our FTP site.

Connecting to the Microchip Internet Web Site

Systems Information and Upgrade Hot Line

The Systems Information and Upgrade Line provides
system users a listing of the latest versions of all of
Microchip's development systems software products.
Plus, this line provides information on how customers
can receive any currently available upgrade kits.The
Hot Line Numbers are:
1-800-755-2345 for U.S. and most of Canada, and
1-480-792-7302 for the rest of the world.
001024

The Microchip web site is available by using your

favorite Internet browser to attach to:
www.microchip.com
The file transfer site is available by using an FTP service to connect to:
ftp://ftp.microchip.com
The web site and file transfer site provide a variety of
services. Users may download files for the latest
Development Tools, Data Sheets, Application Notes,
Users Guides, Articles and Sample Programs. A variety of Microchip specific business information is also
available, including listings of Microchip sales offices,
distributors and factory representatives. Other data
available for consideration is:
Latest Microchip Press Releases
Technical Support Section with Frequently Asked
Questions
Design Tips
Device Errata
Job Postings
Microchip Consultant Program Member Listing
Links to other useful web sites related to
Microchip Products
Conferences for products, Development Systems,
technical information and more
Listing of seminars and events

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

Trademarks: The Microchip name, logo, PIC, PICmicro,

PICMASTER, PICSTART, PRO MATE, KEELOQ, SEEVAL,
MPLAB and The Embedded Control Solutions Company
are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology
Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
Total Endurance, ICSP, In-Circuit Serial Programming,
FilterLab, MXDEV, microID, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, MPASM,
MPLINK, MPLIB, PICDEM, ICEPIC and Migratable
Memory are trademarks and SQTP is a service mark of
Microchip in the U.S.A.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of
their respective companies.

DS30605C-page 175

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
READER RESPONSE
It is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip product. If you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation
can better serve you, please FAX your comments to the Technical Publications Manager at (480) 792-4150.
Please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this Data Sheet.
To:

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RE:

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Total Pages Sent

From: Name
Company
Address
City / State / ZIP / Country
Telephone: (_______) _________ - _________

FAX: (__) _ - _____

Application (optional):
Would you like a reply?

Device: PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B Literature Number: DS30605C

Questions:
1. What are the best features of this document?

2. How does this document meet your hardware and software development needs?

3. Do you find the organization of this data sheet easy to follow? If not, why?

4. What additions to the data sheet do you think would enhance the structure and subject?

5. What deletions from the data sheet could be made without affecting the overall usefulness?

6. Is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)?

7. How would you improve this document?

8. How would you improve our software, systems, and silicon products?

DS30605C-page 176

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office.
PART NO.
Device

-XX

Frequency Temperature
Range
Range

/XX

XXX

Package

Pattern

Examples:

a)
b)

Device

PIC16C6X(1), PIC16C6XT(2); VDD range 4.0V to

PIC16LC6X(1), PIC16LC6XT(2); VDD range 2.5V
PIC16C7X(1), PIC16C7XT(2); VDD range 4.0V to
PIC16LC7X(1), PIC16LC7XT(2); VDD range 2.5V

Frequency Range

04
20

5.5V
to 5.5V
5.5V
to 5.5V

PIC16C74B -04/P 301 = Commercial temp.,

PDIP package, 4 MHz, normal VDD limits, QTP
pattern #301.
PIC16LC63A - 04I/SO = Industrial temp., SOIC
package, 200 kHz, Extended VDD limits.
PIC16C65B - 20I/P = Industrial temp., PDIP
package, 20 MHz, normal VDD limits.

Note 1:

= 4 MHz
= 20 MHz

2:
Temperature Range

blank
I
E

=
0C to
70C
= -40C to +85C
= -40C to +125C

(Commercial)
(Industrial)
(Extended)

Package

JW
PQ
PT
SO
SP
P
L
SS

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Pattern

C
LC
T

= CMOS
= Low Power CMOS
= in tape and reel - SOIC, SSOP,
PLCC, QFP, TQ and FP
packages only.

QTP, SQTP, Code or Special Requirements

(blank otherwise)

Windowed CERDIP
MQFP (Metric PQFP)
TQFP (Thin Quad Flatpack)
SOIC
Skinny plastic dip
PDIP
PLCC
SSOP

* JW Devices are UV erasable and can be programmed to any device configuration. JW Devices meet the electrical requirement of
each oscillator type (including LC devices).

Sales and Support

Data Sheets
Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following:
1.
2.
3.

Your local Microchip sales office

The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277
The Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com)

Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using.
New Customer Notification System
Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products.

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 177

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 178

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 179

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 180

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 181

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

DS30605C-page 182

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

PIC16C63A/65B/73B/74B
NOTES:

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS30605C-page 183

WORLDWIDE SALES AND SERVICE

AMERICAS

ASIA/PACIFIC

Corporate Office

China - Beijing

Singapore

2355 West Chandler Blvd.

Chandler, AZ 85224-6199
Tel: 480-792-7200 Fax: 480-792-7277
Technical Support: 480-792-7627
Web Address: http://www.microchip.com

Microchip Technology Beijing Office

Unit 915
New China Hong Kong Manhattan Bldg.
No. 6 Chaoyangmen Beidajie
Beijing, 100027, No. China
Tel: 86-10-85282100 Fax: 86-10-85282104

Microchip Technology Singapore Pte Ltd.

200 Middle Road
#07-02 Prime Centre
Singapore, 188980
Tel: 65-334-8870 Fax: 65-334-8850

China - Shanghai

Microchip Technology Taiwan

11F-3, No. 207
Tung Hua North Road
Taipei, 105, Taiwan
Tel: 886-2-2717-7175 Fax: 886-2-2545-0139

Rocky Mountain
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Atlanta
500 Sugar Mill Road, Suite 200B
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Tel: 770-640-0034 Fax: 770-640-0307

Boston
2 Lan Drive, Suite 120
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Tel: 978-692-3848 Fax: 978-692-3821

Chicago
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Dayton
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San Jose
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Toronto
6285 Northam Drive, Suite 108
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Tel: 905-673-0699 Fax: 905-673-6509

Microchip Technology Shanghai Office

Room 701, Bldg. B
Far East International Plaza
No. 317 Xian Xia Road
Shanghai, 200051
Tel: 86-21-6275-5700 Fax: 86-21-6275-5060

Hong Kong
Microchip Asia Pacific
RM 2101, Tower 2, Metroplaza
223 Hing Fong Road
Kwai Fong, N.T., Hong Kong
Tel: 852-2401-1200 Fax: 852-2401-3431

ASIA/PACIFIC (continued)

Taiwan

EUROPE
Denmark
Microchip Technology Denmark ApS
Regus Business Centre
Lautrup hoj 1-3
Ballerup DK-2750 Denmark
Tel: 45 4420 9895 Fax: 45 4420 9910

India

France

Microchip Technology Inc.

India Liaison Office
Divyasree Chambers
1 Floor, Wing A (A3/A4)
No. 11, OShaugnessey Road
Bangalore, 560 025, India
Tel: 91-80-2290061 Fax: 91-80-2290062

Arizona Microchip Technology SARL

Parc dActivite du Moulin de Massy
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Batiment A - ler Etage
91300 Massy, France
Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79

Germany

Japan

Arizona Microchip Technology GmbH

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D-81739 Munich, Germany
Tel: 49-89-627-144 0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44

Microchip Technology Intl. Inc.

Benex S-1 6F
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Kanagawa, 222-0033, Japan
Tel: 81-45-471- 6166 Fax: 81-45-471-6122

Korea
Microchip Technology Korea
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Seoul, Korea
Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5934

Italy
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Tel: 39-039-65791-1 Fax: 39-039-6899883

United Kingdom
Arizona Microchip Technology Ltd.
505 Eskdale Road
Winnersh Triangle
Wokingham
Berkshire, England RG41 5TU
Tel: 44 118 921 5869 Fax: 44-118 921-5820
10/01/00

Microchip received QS-9000 quality system

certification for its worldwide headquarters,
design and wafer fabrication facilities in
Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999. The
Companys quality system processes and
procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its
PICmicro 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs and microperipheral
products. In addition, Microchips quality
system for the design and manufacture of
development systems is ISO 9001 certified.

Printed on recycled paper.

Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by
updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is
assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual
property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchips products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with
express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, except as maybe explicitly expressed herein, under any intellectual property rights. The Microchip logo and name are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. All rights
reserved. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies.

DS30605C-page 184

2000 Microchip Technology Inc.

This datasheet has been download from:

www.datasheetcatalog.com
Datasheets for electronics components.

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