(1)

METHOD TO APPROACH A COMMAND IN CAD

1) COMMAND PROMPT AREA
2)SCREEN MENU AREA
3)POP UP MENU
4)STANDARD TOOL BAR

CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM IN CAD:
1)ABSOLUTE CO ORDINATE SYSTEM
2)RELATIVE RECTANGLE CO ORDINATE SYSTEM
3)RELATIVE POLAR COORDINATE SYSTEM

ABSOLUTE COORDINATE SYSTEM:
IN THIS SYSTEM THE OBJECTS ARE DRAWN WITH
REFERENCE TO THE ORGIN.
FORMAT:X,Y

RELATIVE RECTANGLE COORDINGATE SYSTEM:
IN THIS SYSTEM THE OBJECTS ARE DRAWN WITH
REFERENCE TO THE PREVIOUS POINT.

FORMAT:@X,Y

THE DEFAULT SCREEN AREA IN ENGLISH OR IMPERIAL
SYSTEM IS 12X9 AND ITS UNITS ARE IN FEETS &
INCHES.THE DEFAULT SCREEN AREA IN METRIC SYSTEM
IS 420X297 AND ITS UNITS ARE IN MM


COMMANDS
LINE (L): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE LINES ON
THE DRAWING SCREEN FROM ONE POINT TO OTHER POINT
BY SPECIFYING THE COORDINATED THE POINTS.
OPTIONS:
UNDO, CLOSE
ERASE (E): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO ERASE THE
SELECTED OBJECTS FROM THE DRAWING SCREEN,




(2) RELATIVE POLAR COORDINATE SYSTEM: IN
THIS SYSTEM OBJECTS ARE DRAWN WITH
REFERENCE TO THE PREVIOUS POINT BY SIMPLY
SPECIFYING THE DISTANCE AND ANGLE.

FORMAT: @ DISTANCE < ANGLE



ORTHO: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LINES BY SIMPLY
SPECIFYING THE DISTANCE AND DIRECTION.



OSNAP: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO APROCH
POINTS LIKE END POINT, MID POINT, CENTER
POINT, INTERSECTION, EXTENSION POINT AND
ALSO USED TO CREATE PARALLEL,
PERPENDICULAR AND TANGENT LINES.














(3) RECTANGLE (REC): THIS COMMAND IS USED
TO CREATE RECTANGLES ON THE DRAWING
SCREEN BY SPECIFYINGTHE CO ORDINATES OF THE
OPPOSITE CORNERS.

OPTIONS:
[CHAMFER/ELEVATION/FILLET/THICKNESS/WIDTH]

CIRCLE(C):THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
CIRCLES ON THE DRAWING SCREEN BY
SPECIFYING THE CENTER POINT AND RADIUS.
OPTIONS: [3P/2P/TTR (TAN TAN RADIUS)]

POLYGON(POL):THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
CREATE POLYGONS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN OF
SIDES RANGING FROM 3-1024 NUMBER OF SIDES.

OPTIONS:CENTER METHOD, EDGE METHOD.

ARC(A): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE ARCS
ON THE DRAWING SCREEN WITH THE GIVEN
CENTER,RADIUSAND WITH THE MAXIMUM ANGLE
OF 359,99 DEGREES

DONUT(DO):THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
DONUT OR DUFNUTS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.
THE GIVEN INSIDE AND OUT SIDE DIA.

FILL: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CONTROL
THE'ON AND OFF' OF FILLING OF SOLIDS WITHIN
THE OBJECTS.
OPTIONS:ON/OFF.



STEPS TO CREATE A RECTANGLE :

Step1 :enter the command "rec"

Step2 :2,2

Step3 :@6,4

Steps to create a rectangle using chamfer :

Step1 :enter the command "rec"

Step2 :enter "c" to choose chamfer option

Step3 :enter "1" (i.e first chamfer distance)

Step4 :enter "1" (i.e second chamfer distance)

Step5 : 2,2

Step6 : @6,4



STEPS TO CREATE A RECTANGLE USING FILLET :

Step1 :enter the command "rec"

Step2 :enter "f" to choose fillet option

Step3: enter "1" (i.e. fillet radius)

Step4: 2,2

Step5: @6,4







Steps to create a rectangle using width :

Step1 :enter the command "rec"

Step2 :enter "w" to choose width option

Step3: enter "0.2" (i.e. width for rectangle)

Step4: 2,2

Step5: @6,4




Steps to create a circle using center radius:

Step1 :enter the command "c"

Step2 :enter "5,5" (i.e. center point)

Step3: enter "3" (i.e. radius of circle)


Steps to create a circle using center dia:

Step1: enter the command "c"

Step2: choose the option cen dia

Step3: enter "5,5" (i.e. center point)

Step4: enter "3" (i.e. diameter of circle)



Steps to create a circle using 2point:

Create a line of length 5 using ortho

1 5 2

Step1: enter the command "c"

Step2: choose the option 2point

Step3: click on 1

Step4: click on 2

Steps to create a circle using 3point:

Create a triangle on base length 5 and height 3.
3

3


1 2
5

Step1: enter the command "c"

Step2: choose the option 3point


Step3: click on 1

Step4: click on 2

Step5: click on 3

Steps to create a circle using TTR (Tan Tan Radius):

Create a triangle on base length 5 and height 3.


Step1: enter the command "c"

Step2: choose the option TTR

Step3: click on 1

Step4: click on 2

Step5: enter 1 (I.e. radius of circle)



Steps to create a circle using TTT (Tan Tan Tan):

Create a triangle on base length 5 and height 3.


Step1: enter the command "c"

Step2: choose the option TanTanTan

Step3: click on 1

Step4: click on 2

Step5: click on 3


STEPS TO CREATE POLYGON USING INSCRIBED
CIRCLE OPTION:

Step1: enter the command pol

Step2: enter no. of sides 5

Step3: enter center point 5,5
Step4: enter i to choose inscribed option

Step5: enter the radius 3


STEPS TO CREATE POLYGON USING Circumscribed
CIRCLE OPTION:

Step1: enter the command pol

Step2: enter no. of sides 5

Step3: enter center point 5,5

Step4: enter c to choose circumscribed option

Step5: enter the radius 3



STEPS TO CREATE POLYGON USING EDGE
METHOD:

Step1: enter the command pol

Step2: enter no. of sides 5

Step3: enter E to choose edge option

Step4: enter 2,2 to specify the first end point.

Step5: enter @3,0 to specify the second end point.



(4)MOVE(M): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO MOVE
THE OBJECTS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN FROM
ONE POINT TO OTHER POINT WITH THE GIVEN
BASE POINT ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.

COPY(CO): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO COPY
SELECTED OBJECTS FROM ONE POINT TO OTHER
POINT WITH THE GIVEN BASE POINT. MULTIPLE
OPTION IS USED TO COPY MULTIPLE OBJECTS ON
THE DRAWING SCREEN.

OFFSET(O): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
PARALLEL LINE OR ARCS ON THE DRAWING
SCREEN WITH THE GIVEN OFFSET DISTANCE ON
THE DRAWING SCREEN.

TRIM(TR): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO REMOVE A
PART OF AN
OBJECTS UPTO THE GIVEN BOUNDARY.

EXTEND (EX):
THIS COMMAND IS USED TO EXTEN THE SELECTED
OBJECTS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN UPTO THE
GIVEN BOUNDARIES.

ZOOM(Z): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO VIEW ALL
THE OBJECTS ON THE DRAWING .

OPTIONS:ALL, CENTER, DYNAMIC, EXTENTS,
PREVIOUS, SCALE, WINDOW, REAL TIME

PAN(P): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO MOVE THE
DRAWING SCREEN IN BOTH HORIZONTAL &
VERTICAL DIRECTIONS
(5) MIRROR(MI):THIS COMMAND IS USED TO MIRROR THE
SELECTED OBJECTS ABOUT THE GIVEN MIRROR LINE.
THE DISTANCE BETWEEN SOURCE OBJECT AND MIRROR
LINE IS MAINTAINED THE SAME FOR THE MIRRORED
OBJECT ALSO.

ROTATE(RO): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO ROTATE THE
SELECTED THE OBJECTS ABOVE THE GIVEN BASE POINT
TO THE GIVEN ANGLE.

FILLET(F): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO APPLY FILLET
BETWEEN TWO SELECTED OBJECTS TO THE GIVEN
RADIUS.
OPTIONS: [POLYLINE/RADIUS/TRIM]

CHAMFER(CHA): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO APPLY
CHAMFER BETWEEN TWO SELECTED OBJECTS TO THE
GIVEN DISTANCE&ANGLE.
OPTIONS: [POLYLINE/DISTANCE/ANGLE/TRIM/METHOD]

LINETYPE(LT): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO APPLY OR
CHANGE THE CURRENT LINE TYPE OF THE OBJECTS TO BE
DRAWN ON THE DRAWING SCREEN WITH THE GIVEN
STYLE.

COLOR (COL): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO APPLY OR
CHANGE THE CURRENT COLOR OF THE OBJECTS TO BE
DRAWN ON THE DRAWING SCREEN WITH THE GIVEN
COLOR .
THE TOTAL COLOR RANGE IS FROM 1-255.
STANDARD COLORS ARE FROM 1-9 AND
GREY SHADES ARE FROM 250-255.

UCSICON : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CONTROL THE
POSITION OF UCSICON ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.

OPTIONS:
ON, OFF, ALL , NOORIGIN, ORIGIN.

(6) REDO: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CANCELTHE
UNDO OPERATION IN CAD.
IT HAS ONLY ONE ACTION AND IT SHOULD
IMMEDIATELY FOLLOW THE UNDO COMMAND.

UNDO (U): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CANCEL
THE LAST OPERATION IN CAD .WE CAN UNDO FOR
UNLIMITED NO OF TIMES.

BREAK (BR): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO BREAK
THE SELECTED OBJECTS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN
FROM ONE POINTT TO THE OTHER POINT. IT IS
ALSO USED TO BREAK SELECTED OBJECTS INTO
TWO EQUAL HALVES.

SCALE (SC): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO REDUCE
OR INCREASE THE SIZE OF THE OBJECTS ON THE
DRAWING SCREEN TO THE GIVEN SCALE FACTOR.

ARRAY (AR): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO COPY
THE SELECTED OBJECTS ON THE DRAWINGN
SCREEN IN BOTH RECTANGULAR AND CIRCULAR
PATTERNS.

OPTIONS:
RECTANGULAR, POLAR









(7) OOPS: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO RETRIVE THE LAST
ERASED OBJECT ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.

LT SCALE (LTS): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CONTROL
THE PITCH OF THE LINE TYPES ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.

LINE WEIGHT (LW): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO APPLY
LINE WEIGHTS TO THE OBJECTS ON THE DRAWING
SCREEN

BLIPMODE: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO ON AND OFF THE
BLIP MARKS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.

REDRAW(R): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO REMOVE THE
BLIPMARKS FROM THE DRAWING SCREEN.

REGEN (RE): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO SMOOTHEN THE
VIEWS OF OBJECTS LIKE ARCS AND CIRCLES WHEN
ZOOMED IN.

ELLIPSE (EL): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
ELLIPSE OF ELLIPTICAL ARCS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.

OPTIONS: AXIS METHOD, CENTER METHOD

BHATCH (BH): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO APPLY HATCH
WITHIN THE CLOSED OBJECTS WITH THE GIVEN STYLE,
SCALE AND ROTATION ANGLES.

HATCH EDIT (HE): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO EDIT THE
EXISTING HATCH ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.

BOUNDARY (BO): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
BOUNDARY AT THE SPECIFIED REGION USING PICK
POINTS.
NOW THIS BOUNDARY CAN BE COPIED SEPARATELY ON
THE DRAWING SCREEN


(8)
TEXT(DT): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO PLACE
TEXT ON THE DRAWING SCREEN WITH THE GIVEN
STYLE ,HEIGHT AND ROTATION ANGLE.

OPTIONS : JUSTIFY ,STYLE

EXPRESSIONS:

%% c IMPLIES DIAMETER
%% d IMPLIES DEGREE
%% p IMPLIES PLUS ,MINUS


DEDIT(ED): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO EDIT THE
EXISTING TEXT ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.


STYLE(ST): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
NEW TEXT STYLE ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.


MTEXT(T) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
PARAGRAPH TEXT ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.










(9) LAYER(LA): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
DIFFERENTIATE THE DIFFERENT ELEMENTS LIKE
OBJECTS, CENTERLINES,HATCH ,DIMENSION,TEXT
ON THE CURRENT DRAWING SCREEN


OPTIONS:ON,OFF,FREEZE,THAW,LOCK,UNLOCK,PL
OT,UNPLOT,
COLOR,LTYPE,LINEWEIGHT ETC




SELECTION METHODS: THERE ARE 17 METHODS
TO SELECT AN OBJECT IN AUTOCAD

OPTIONS: WINDOW, LAST, CROSSING, BOX, ALL,
FENCE, WPOLYGON, CPOLYGON, GROUP, CLASS,
ADD, REMOVE, MULTIPLE, PREVIOUS, UNDO, AUTO,
SINGLE.















(10)
FUNCTION KEYS:
F1 - HELP
F2 - TEXT SCEEN ON,OFF
F3 - OSNAP ON,OFF
F4 - TABLET ON ,OFF
F5 - ISO PLANES TOP ,RIGHT ,LEFT
F6 - CO-ORDINATES ON,OFF
F7 - GRID ON ,OFF
F8 - ORTHO ON,OFF
F9 - SNAP ON,OFF
F10 - POLAR ON, OFF
F11 - OTRACK ON, OFF



ISO PLANE (F5 ) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
CHANGE THE CURSOR TO ISOMETRIC PLANES TO
CREATE ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS.
















(11) ID: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO IDENTIFY THE CO-
ORDINATES OF THE SELECTED POINT ON THE DRAWING
SCREEN.

LIST (LI) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO FIND THE
GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE SELECTED OBJECTS ON
THE DRAWING SCREEN

DBLIST: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO LIST THE GEOMETRIC
PROPERTIES OF ALL THE OBJECTS ON THE DRAWING
SCREEN

DISTANCE (DI) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO FIND THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO RELATED POINTS ON THE
DRAWING SCREEN

MATCH PROP(MA): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO APPLY
THE PROPERTIES OF ONCE SELECTED OBJECTS TO THE
DESTINATION OBJECT

PLINE(PL): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
POLYLINES ON THE DRAWING SCREEN

OPTIONS : ARC , CLOSE ,HALFWIDTH ,LENGTH ,UNDO
,WIDTH

POINT(PO ) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE POINTS
ON THE DRAWING SCREEN AT THE SPECIFIED LOCATION

DDPTYPE: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CHANGE THE
STYLE AND SIZE OF THE POINTS ON THE DRAWING
SCREEN

XPLODE (X) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CONVERT A
POLYLINE OBJECT INTO INDIVIDUAL OBJECTS.




(12)XLINE (XL): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
CREATE INFINITE LINES ON THE DRAWING SCREEN
OPTIONS : HOR ,VER , ANG , BISECT , OFFSET

RAY : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE SEMI
INFINITE LINES ON THE DRAWING SCREEN

PEDIT(PE ) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO EDIT THE
EXISTING POLYLINE OBJECT ON THE DRAWING
SCREEN
OPTIONS : CLOSE ,JOIN , WIDTH , EDIT VERTEX , FIT
, SPLINE , DECURVE , LTYPE GEN, UNDO
SKETCH : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
FREE HAND SKETCH ON THE DRAWING SCREEN
WITH THE GIVEN INCREMENT
OPTIONS : PEN ,EXIT , QUIT , RECORD , ERASE
,CONNECT

SKPOLY : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
SKETCHED LINES AS POLYLINE OBJECTS ON THE
DRAWING SCREEN BY CHANGING THE VALUES
FROM 0 TO1

CHANGE (CH) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
CHANGE PROPERTIES LIKE COLOR ,LINE TYPE
,LTSCALE ,ETC OF SELECTED OBJECTS ON THE
DRAWING SCREEN.

STATUS : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO FIND THE
STATUS OF THE CURRENT DRAWING FILE ON THE
DRAWING SCREEN.

PURGE (PU) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO REMOVE
THE UNUSED LINETYPES ,TEXT STYLES ,PLOTS ETC
FROM THE CURRENT DRAWING SCREEN.



(13)MLINE (ML ) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
CREATE MULTILINES ON THE DRAWING SCREEN
WITH THE GIVEN STYLE AND SCALE
OPTIONS: JUSTIFICATION ,SCALE AND STYLE

MLSTYLE : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
NEW MULTILINE STYLES ON THE DRAWING
SCREEN
OPTIONS : ELEMENT PROPERTIES,MULTIPLE
PROPERTIES

MLEDIT : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO EDIT THE
EXISTING MULTILINES ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.
OPTIONS:
OPEN CROSS,MERGED CROSS,CLOSED CROSS,OPEN
TEE, MERGED TEE, CLOSED TEE,CORNER JOINT,
ADD VERTEX, DELETE VERTEX,CUT SINGLE, CUT
ALL, WELD ALL.

AREA(A) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO FIND THE
AREA OF A CLOSED OBJECT.
OPTIONS: OBJECT , ADD ,SUBTRACT

REVCLOUD : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
2D CLOUDS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN WITH THE
ARC LENGTH.
OPTIONS:
ARC LENGTH, OBJECT.


(14)MULTIPLE: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
REPEAT A GIVEN COMMAND FOR MULTIPLE NO.
OF TIMES

BLOCK(B): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO STORE THE
SELECTED OBJECTS FROM THE DRAWING SCREEN
TO A BLOCK WHICH CAN BE RE-CALLED AT ANY
TIME ON TO THE CURRENT DRAWING SCREEN
OPTIONS : RETAIN ,CONVERT TO BLOCK ,DELETE

INSERT(I) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO INSERT
THE BLOCKS ON TO THE DRAWING SCREEN WITH
THE GIVEN BASE POINT ,SCALE FACTOR AND
ROTATION ANGLE.

WBLOCK(W): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
BLOCKS WITH SELECTED OBJECTS FROM THE
DRAWING SCREEN WHICH CAN BE RECALLED AT
ANY TIME IN ANY OTHER DRAWING FILE

MINSERT: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO INSERT THE
BLOCKS ONTO THE DRAWING SCREEN IN BOTH
ROW WISE AND COLUMN WISE

UNITS (UN) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CHANGE
THE CURRENT UNITS TO INCHES ,FEETS,
METERS,KMS ,YARDS ,ETC ON THE CURRENT
DRAWING SCREEN







(15)
ATTDEF (ATT): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
ATTACH TAGS TO THE OBJECTS ON THE
DRAWING SCREEN.
OPTIONS:
PRESET,VERIFY,CONSTANT,INVISIBLE

ATTEDIT (ATE):
THIS COMMAND IS USED TO EDIT THE
EXISTING ATTRIBUTES ON THE DRAWING
SCREEN.

ATTDISP :
THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CONTROL THE
DISPLAY OF ATTRIBUTE VALUES ON THE
DRAWING SCREEN.
OPTIONS:
ON/OFF/NORMAL.

TIME :
THIS COMMAND IS USED TO VIEW THE TOTAL
DRAWING TIME OF THE CURRENT DRAWING
FILE,IT IS ALSO USED TO RESET THE TIME TO
ZERO.







(16)ADCENTER(ADC) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO INSERT
STANDARD ENGINEERING COMPONENTS ON TO THE
CURRENT DRAWING SCREEN

ADCCLOSE :THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CLOSE THE
ADCENTER DIALOUGE BOX

RENAME (REN) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO RENAME
THE EXISTING LINETYPES ,LAYERS ,BLOCKS ,VIEWS ETC
ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.

VIEW(V): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO STORE A
PARTICULAR VIEW TO THE GIVEN NAME WHICH CAN BE
RECALLED AT ANY TIME ON THE DRAWING SCREEN

DSVIEWER : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO VIEW THE
ARERIAL VIEW OF THE OBJECTS ON THE DRAWING
SCREEN

VIEWRES: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CONTROL THE
RESOLUTION OF OBJECTS LIKE ARCS AND CIRCLES TO THE
MAXIMUM OF 20,000 UNITSLIMIT

SPLINE (SPL) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE
SPLINES OR SMOOTH ARCS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN

DWGPROPS : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO VIEW DRAWING
PROPERTIES OF THE CURRENT DRAWING FILE ON THE
DRAWING SCREEN

LENGTHEN(LEN ): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO MODIFY
THE EXISTING LINES ON THE DRAWING SCREEN
OPTIONS : DELTA , PERCENT ,TOTAL ,DYNAMIC

GROUP(G): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO STORE SELECTED
OBJECTS FROM THE DRAWING SCREEN TO A GROUP
WHICH CAN BE CALLED AT ANY TIME

(17)CAL: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CALCULATE
THE ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS BETWEEN THE
CURRENT DRAWING FILE
EXPRESSIONS
RAD : RADIUS OF ARCS OR CIRCLES
DEE : DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO END POINTS
MEE : MID POINT BETWEEN TWO END POINTS

FILTER(FI) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO SELECT
THE OBJECTS FROM THE DRAWING SCREEN
HAVING SPECIFIC PROPERTIES

COPYCLIP : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO COPY THE
SELECTED OBJECTS FROM THE DRAWING SCREEN
AND PLACE IT INTO THE CLIP BOARD

COPYHIST: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO COPY A
HISTORY OF COMMANDS WHICH ARE USED IN THE
CURRENT DRAWING FILE INTO THE CLIP BOARD

COPYBASE : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO COPY THE
SELECTED OBJECTS FROM THE DRAWING SCREEN
AND PLACE IT INTO THE CLIPBOARD WITH THE
GIVEN BASE POINT

CUTCLIP : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO REMOVE
SELECTED OBJECTS FROM THE DRAWING SCREEN
INTO CLIPBOARD

PASTE CLIP : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO PASTE
THE OBJECTS FROM THE CLIPBOARD ONTO
DRAWING SCREEN

PASTE BLOCK: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO PASTE
THE OBJECTS FROM THE CLIPBOARD AS A BLOCK
PASTESPEC(PA): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
PASTE THE TEXT FROM THE CLIPBOARD ON TO THE
DRAWING SCREEN

SPELL (SP): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CHECK
SPELLINGS OF THE SELECTED TEXT ON THE
DRAWING SCREEN

FIND: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO FIND THE
SPECIFIED TEXT FROM THE DRAWING SCEEN AND
REPLACE WITH ANOTHER TEXT

DIVIDE(DIV): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO DIVIDE
THE SELECTED OBJECT ON THE DRAWING SCREEN
TO THE GIVEN NO OF SEGMENTS


MEASURE(ME): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
DIVIDE THE SELECTED OBJECT ON DRAWING
SCREEN TO THE GIVEN MEASUREMENT















(18)XREF (XR): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
ATTACH EXTERNAL REFERENCE FILES ONTO THE
CURRENT DRAWING SCREEN

REFEDIT: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO EDIT
EXTERNAL REFERENCE FILES FROM THE CURRENT
DRAWING SCREEN

XCLIP(XC) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CLIP THE
EXTERNAL REFERENCE ON THE DRAWING SCREEN

SHELL (SH): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO MOVE TO
DOS SCREEN WHILE WORKING IN CAD

RECOVER : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO RECOVER
THE DAMAGED FILE ON THE DRAWING SCREEN

LOGFILEON , LOGFILEOFF: THESE COMMANDS
ARE USED TO CREATE SEPARATE LOG FILES FOR
THE COMMANDS USED IN THE CURRENT DRAWING
FILE














AUTOCAD 3D

(19)
3D OBJECTS CAN BE REPRESENTED BY THE
FOLLOWING METHODS

1) WIRE FRAME MODEL (COMPOSED OF LINES AND ARCS )
2)SURFACE MODEL (COMPOSED OF ONLY SURFACES )
3)SOLID MODEL (COMPOSED OF OBJECTS HAVING MASS AND VOLUME )


V POINT: IT IS USED TO VIEW THE OBJECT IN
DIFFERENT ORTHOGRAPHIC AND ISOMETRIC VIEW

ORTHOGRAPHIC : ISOMETRIC
TOP VIEW : 0,0,1
BOTTOM : 0,0,-1
LEFT : -1,0,0
RIGHT : 1,0,0
FRONT : 0,-1,0
BACK : 0,1,0
SW : -1,-1,-1
SE : 1,-1,1
NE : 1,1,1
NW : -1,1,1

HIDE (HI) : IT HIDES SHADING AND BACKFACES OF
SOLID MODEL

SHADE : IT APPLIES SHADING TO SURFACE AND
SOLID OBJECTS

SHADE MODE(SHA): IT REPRESENTS 3D OBJECT
EITHER IN WIREFRAME OR WITH SHADING

THICKNESS (TH): IT APPLIES THICKNESS TO 2D
OBJECTS IN Z- DIRECTION

ELEVATION : IT IS USED TO CREATE OBJECTS AT A
GIVEN HEIGHT I.E. WITH THE GIVEN DISTANCE
ABOVE THE XY PLANE.


3D ORBIT /3D CO-ORBIT (CONTINUES ORBIT ): IT IS
USED TO VIEW THE OBJECT IN DIFFERENT
PERSPECTIVE VIEWS
























(20)
3D POLY (3P): IT IS USED TO CREATE 3D POLYLINES
ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.

RULESURF: IT CREATES SURFACE BETWEEN TWO
SELECTED CURVES

TABSURF: IT CREATES SURFACE WITH SELECTED
OBJECT ALONG THE GIVEN PATH

EDGESURF: IT CREATES SURFACE WITH
INTERSECTING INDIVIDUAL EDGES

REVSURF: IT CREATES REVOLVED SURFACE
ALONG THE GIVEN AXIS TO GIVEN ANGLE

SURFTAB 1 : IT CONTROLS NO. OF CONNECTING
LINES IN X DIRECTION

SURFTAB 2: IT CONTROLS NO. OF CONNECTING
LINES IN Y DIRECTION

3D FACE/P FACE: IT CONVERTS A 2D OBJECT TO A
SURFACE MODEL


3D : IT CREATES THE FOLLOWING 3D SURFACES
BOX , CONE , DISH ,DOME,MESH ,PYRAMID, SPHERE
,TORUS ,WEDGE






(21)SOLID COMMANDS: BOX, SPHERE ,CYLINDER
,CONE ,WEDGE ,TORUS

EXTRUDE(EXT) :
THIS COMMAND IS USED TO ADD MATERIAL TO A
CLOSED 2D POLYLINE OBJECT IN Z- DIRECTION TO
THE GIVEN DEPTH AND TAPER ANGLE



BOOLEAN OPERATIONS:

UNION (UNI): IT CREATES COMPOUND OBJECT
FROM THE SELECTED SOLIDS

SUBTRACT(SU): IT SUBTRACTS THE SELECTED
SOLID FROM THE PARENT OBJECT

INTERSECT(IN): IT SELECTS THE COMMON
PORTION FROM THE SELECTED SOLIDS

INTERFERE(INF): IT SELECTS THE COMMON
PORTION FROM THE SELECTED SOLIDS WITHOUT
DISTURBING IT











(22)
UCS: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CHANGE THE
POSITION OF XY PLANE IN THE CURRENT DRAWING
SCREEN

OPTIONS:
NEW/MOVE/ORTHOGRAPHIC/PREV/RESTORE/SAVE/
DEL/APPLY/WORLD

PATH: UCS NEW FACE SELECT
THE FACE ENTER

(23)ROTATE 3D: IT ROTATES THE 3D OBJECT
ALONG GIVEN AXIS
OPTIONS:
[Object/Last/View/Xaxis/Yaxis/Zaxis/2points

MIRROR 3D : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO MIRROR
3D OBJECTS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN ABOVE THE
XYZ PLANES

OPTIONS :
OBJECT/LAST/ZAXIS/VIEW/XY/YZ/ZX/3POINTS


3DARRAY(3A) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO ARRAY
THE 3D OBJECT IN BOTH RECTANGULAR AND
POLAR DIRECTIONS USING X,Y,Z PLANES

PLAN: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO VIEW THE XY
PLANE OF THE CURRENT UCS.

REGION(REG) : IT CONVERTS CLOSED 2D OBJECTS
INTO 3D POLYLINES OBJECTS.



(24)SLICE(SL) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO SLICE
THE OBJECTS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN ABOUT
THE GIVEN XYZ PLANES
OPTIONS :
OBJECT/ZAXIS/VIEW/XY/YZ/ZX/3POINTS

SECTION(SEC) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO VIEW
THE SECTION OF 3D OBJECT AT THE SPECIFIED
LOCATION
OPTIONS:
OBJECT/ZAXIS/VIEW/XY/YZ/ZX/3POINTS


(25)
SOLIDEDIT: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO EDIT
EXISTING OBJECTS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN
OPTIONS:
FACE ,EDGE ,BODY

















(26)MASSPROP: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO VIEW
THE MASS PROPERTIES OF THE SELECTED OBJECTS
TO FIND MASS DENSITY ,VOLUME ,M.I.,RADIUS OF
GYRATION ,CENTROID ,PRINCIPLE MOMENTS ETC.

DVIEW (DV): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO VIEW
THE 3D OBJECTS DYNAMICALLY ON THE DRAWING
SCREEN

OPTIONS:
CAMERA/TARGET/DISTANCE/POINTS/PAN/ZOOM/T
WIST/CLIP/HIDE/OFF/
UNDO

RMAT: THIS COMMAND IS USED TOAPPLY RENDER
MATERIALS TO THE OBJECTS FROM THE DRAWING
SCREEN

RENDER (RR): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO VIEW
THE APPLIED RENDER MATERIALS TO THE
OBJECTS ON THE DRAWING SCREEN

BACKGROUND: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO APPLY
BACKGROUND COLORS TO THE 3D OBJECTS ON
THE DRAWING SCREEN

FOG: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO APPLY FOG TO
THE OBJECTS ON THE DRAWINGS







(27) LIGHT: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO FOCUS
LIGHTS ON TO THE OBJECTS ON THE DRAWING
SCREEN.

OPTIONS:
POINT,SPOT,DISTANT LIGHT

REVOLVE(REV): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
REVOLVE A 2D POLYLINE OBJECT ABOUT THE
GIVEN AXIS TO THE GIVEN ANGLE TO FORM SOLID

VPORTS: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO VIEW THE 3 D
OBJECTS IN DIFFERENT VIEWS IN DIFFERENT
VPORTS

SCENE: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CONTROL THE
ON & OFF OF DIFFERENT LIGHTS TO BE FOCUED ON
THE DRAWING SCREEN

LSNEW: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO INSERT
LANDSCAPE OBJECTS ON THE CURRENT DRAWING
SCREEN













(28)MSLIDE: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CREATE THE
SLIDE OF THE CURRENT VIEW ON THE DRAWING SCREEN

VSLIDE : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO VIEW THE SLIDES
CREATED USING MSLIDE COMMAND.

DELAY: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO DELAY THE
EXECUTION OF COMMANDS THE GIVEN TIME IN
MILLISECONDS

RSCRIPT: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO REPEAT THE SET OF
INSTRUCTIONS WRITTEN IN A NOTEPAD FOR MULTIPLE NO
OF TIMES

SCRIPT(SCR): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO RUN A SCRIPT
FILE WRITTEN IN A NOTEPAD AND SAVED WITH
EXTENSION FILE NAME .SCR .

RESUME: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO RESUME AN
INTERRUPTED SCRIPT FILE ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.

IMAGE(IM): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO ATTACH IMAGES
ON TO THE CURRENT DRAWING SCREEN


IMAGE FRAME: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CONTROL
THE ON & OFF THE FRAME AROUND THE IMAGE

IMAGE ADJUST(IAD) : THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
ADJUST THE BRIGHTNESS ,CONTRAST AND FADE OF THE
IMAGE ON THE DRAWING SCREEN

IMAGE QUALITY: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CONTROL
THE QUALITY OF IMAGE TO HIGH AND DRAFT

IMAGE CLIP(ICL): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CLIP THE
IMAGES ON THE DRAWING SCREEN.


(29)CREATION OF SIMPLE LINE TYPES:

SYNTAX:

*LT NAME ,DESCRIPTION
A, LT CODES

LTCODES:
+ VE VALUES INDICATES PENDOWN
- VE VALUES INDICATES PENUP
ZERO INDICATES DOT(.)




CREATION OF COMPLEX LINE TYPES:

SYNTAX:

*LT NAME ,DESCRIPTION
A, LT CODES ,[ TEXT ,TEXT STYLE ,SCALE
FACTOR,ROTATION ANGLE ,X-OFFSET ,Y-OFFSET]
,LTCODES












(30)
CREATION TOOLBARS:

PATH :
VIEW- TOOLBARS-NEW-ENTER NEW NAME -
CUSTOMIZE -DRAG THE REQUIRED ITEMS -CLOSE

CREATION OF SHORTCUT KEYS:

PATH:
NOTEPAD - FILE OPEN - C/PROGRAM FILES /ACAD
2000 /SUPPORT/ACAD.PGP-ENTER THE NEW
COMMAND-FILE SAVE - FILE EXIT - ENTER REINIT
" COMMAND -OK - RUN THE COMMAND

MENU LOAD :

THIS COMMAND IS USED TO ADD OR REMOVE
ITEMS FROM THE POP UP OR PULL DOWN MENU


IMPORT: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO IMPORT
ANY DRAWINGS FROM THE OTHER SOFTWARES TO
CAD

BMP OUT: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO EXPORT
THE SELECTED OBJECTS FROM THE DRAWING
SCREEN TO OTHER SOFTWARE FILES.







(31)
STEPS TO TAKE 2D PRINT OUT:
ENTER THE COMMAND PLOT
CLICK ON PLOT DEVICE
CHOOSE THE REQUIRED PLOT DRIVE
CLICK ON PLOT SETTINGS
SELECT THE REQUIRED PAPER SIZE
CHOOSE CENTRE THE PLOT , AND EXTENTS
CHOOSE LANDSCAPE OR PORTRAIT OPTION
CLICK ON FULL PREVIEW
OK


STEPS TO TAKE 3D PRINT OUTS

ENTER THE COMMAND LAYOUT
CHOOSE TEMPLATE OPTION

SELECT THE REQUIRED PAPER SIZE
CLICK ON THE NEWLY CREATED LAYOUT
ERASE THE OBJECTS FROM THE PAPER SPACE
USING LAST OPTION
ENTER THE COMMAND MODEL VIEW (MV)
CHOOSE "4" OPTION AND PLACE THE VIEWS ON
THE PAPER SPACE
ENTER THE COMMAND MODEL SPACE (MS) AND
CLICK ON THE REQUIRED VIEW AND SET THE
REQUIRED VIEW.
ENTER THE COMMAND PAPER SPACE (PS) TO
COME OUT OF THE MODEL SPACE
ENTER THE COMMAND PLOT AND CLICK ON OK.




COMMANDS:

LAYOUT (LO): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
CREATE NEW PAPER SPACE TO SET THE REQUIRED
VIEWS.
OPTIONS:
Copy/Delete/New/Template/Rename/Save as/Set

MODELVIEW (MV): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
PLACE THE REQUIRED NO. OF VIEWS ON THE
PAPER SPACE.
OPTIONS:
ON/OFF/Fit/Hideplot/Lock/Object/Polygonal/Restore/2/3
/4
MODELSPACE(MS); THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
MOVE THE MODEL SPACE WHILE WORKING IN
PAPER SPACE

PAPERSPACE(PS): THIS COMMAND IS USED TO
MOVE TO PAPER SPACE WHILE WORKING IN
MODEL SPACE.