0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views

03 Performance

Uploaded by

Kafayat Aheer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views

03 Performance

Uploaded by

Kafayat Aheer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Fundamentals of Computer Networks

ECE 478/578
Lecture #3
Instructor: Loukas Lazos
Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Arizona
Network Performance Metrics
Bandwidth
Amount of data transmitted per unit of time; per link, or end-to-end
Units 1KB = 2
10
bytes, 1Mbps = 10
6
bits per sec
How many KB/sec is a 1Mbps line? How many MB/sec?

Throughput
Data rate delivered by the a link, connection or network
Per link or end-to-end, same units as Bandwidth
2
Latency or Delay
Time for sending data from host A to B (in sec, msec, or sec)

Per link or end-to-end
Usually consists of
T
t
: Transmission delay
T
p
: Propagation delay
T
q
: Queuing delay

Round Trip Time (RTT) : time to send a message from A to B and
back
Important for flow control mechanisms
3
Delay Calculation
T
t
: Transmission Delay: file size/bandwidth
T
p
: Propagation Delay: time needed for signal to travel the medium,
Distance / speed of medium
T
q
: Queuing Delay: time waiting in routers buffer
A
B
C
R
d
1
d
2
4
Example: Problem 1.6 from Book
Transfer 1,5 MB file, assuming RTT of 80 ms, a packet size of 1-KB
and an initial handshake of 2xRTT
Bandwidth is 10 Mbps and data packets can be sent continuously
5
RTT
. . .
T
t
T
p
RTT = 80 ms
T
t
= 1024x8 bits/10
7
bits/s = 0.8192 ms
T
p
= 40 ms
# of packets = 1536 (1.5 x 1024)

D = 2xRTT + 1536xT
t
+ T
p
= 160 + 1258.29 + 40 ms
= 1.458 s
request
reply
confirm
Ack
A B
t
Example: Problem 1.6 from Book
Transfer 1,5 MB file, assuming RTT of 80 ms, a packet size of 1-KB
and an initial handshake of 2xRTT
After sending each packet must wait one RTT
6
RTT
. . .
T
t
RTT = 80 ms
T
t
= 1024x8 bits/10
7
bits/s = 0.8192 ms
T
p
= 40 ms
# of packets = 1536 (1.5 x 1024)

D = 2xRTT + 1535x(T
t
+RTT)+ T
t
+T
p
= 160 + 124,057 + 0.8192 + 40 ms
= 124.258 s
request
reply
confirm
Ack
A B
t
RTT
Example: Problem 1.6 from Book
Transfer 1,5 MB file, assuming RTT of 80 ms, a packet size of 1-KB
and an initial handshake of 2xRTT

Only 20 packets can be send per RTT, but infinitely fast
7
RTT
. . .
RTT = 80 ms
T
t
= 0 ms
T
p
= 40 ms
# of packets = 1536 (1.5 x 1024)

D = 2xRTT + 76xRTT + T
p
= 160 + 6080 + 40 ms
= 6.28 s
request
reply
confirm
Ack
A B
t
RTT
Example: Problem 1.6 from Book
Transfer 1,5 MB file, assuming RTT of 80 ms, a packet size of 1-KB
and an initial handshake of 2xRTT
1
st
RTT one packet, 2 RTT two packets Infinite transmission rate
8
RTT
. . .
RTT = 80 ms
T
t
= 0 ms
T
p
= 40 ms
# of packets = 1536 (1.5 x 1024)
# of waits (1+2+2
n
= 2
n+1
-1)
2
11
-1 =2047 packets, n = 10

D = 2xRTT + 10xRTT + T
p
= 160 + 800 + 40 ms
= 1 s
request
reply
confirm
Ack
A B
t
RTT
Latency vs. Bandwidth
Importance depends on application
1 byte file, 1ms/1Mbps vs. 100ms/100Mbps
1 ms + 8s = 1.008ms,
100ms + 0.08s =100 ms.

1GB file, 1ms/1Mbps vs. 100ms/100Mbps
1ms + 1024
3
x 8 /106 = 2.38h + 1ms,
100ms + 85 s



9
Bandwidth x Delay Product
The amount of data (bits or bytes) in the pipe
Example: 100Mbps x 10ms = 1 Mbit




The amount of data sent before first bit arrives

Usually use RTT as delay: amount of data before a reply from a
receiver arrives to the sender

10
High-Speed Networks
Link Type Bandwidth Distance RTT Delay x BW
Dial-up 56 kbps 10 km 87 s 5 bits
Wireless LAN 54 Mbps 50 m 0.33 s 18 bits
Satellite link 45 Mbps 35,000 km 230 ms 10 Mb
Cross-country
fiber
10 Gbps 4,000 km 40 ms 400 Mb
11
Infinite bandwidth
Propagation delay dominates
Throughput = Transfer size/Transfer time
Transfer time = RTT + Transfer size/Bandwidth
1MB file across 1Gbps line with 100ms RTT, Throughput is 74.1 Mbps

Computing Application Bandwidth
12
FTP can utilize entire BW available

Video-on-demand may specify upper limit (only whats needed)

Example: res: 352x240 pixels, 24-bit color, 30 fps
Each frame is (352 x 240 x 24)/8 =247.5 KB
Total required BW = 352 x 240 x 24 x 30 = 60.8 Mbps
Network Jitter
Variability in the delay between packets

Video-on-demand application: If jitter is known, application can decide
how much buffering is needed

Example: jitter is 50ms per frame and 10s video at 30fps must be
transmitted.

If Y frames buffered, video can play uninterrupted for Y x 1/30s.

The last frame will arrive 50 x (10 x 30 Y) ms after video start, worst
case
Y/30 = 50 x (300 Y) Y = 180 frames
13
Example: Problem 1.19 from Book
1 Gbps Ethernet with a s-a-f switch in the path and a packet size of
5,000 bits. T
p
= 10 s, switch transmits immediately after reception
14
1
st
bit: time 0
A S
t
B
Last bit: 5s
T
p

Last bit rec: 15s
Last bit sent: 20s
Last bit rec: 30s
Example: Problem 1.19 from Book
1 Gbps Ethernet with a s-a-f switch in the path and a packet size of
5,000 bits. T
p
= 10 s, 3 switches in between A and B

4 links equal to 4 T
p
delay

4 transmissions equal to 4 T
t
delay

Total: 4T
p
+ 4T
t
= 60 s

Three switches, each transmits after 128 bits are received

Total: 4T
p
+ T
t
+ 3x128/10
9
= 40s + 5s + 0.384s = 45.384s

15

You might also like