The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)

||Volume||2 ||Issue|| 4 ||Pages|| 08-13||2013||

ISSN(e): 2319 1813 ISSN(p): 2319 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 8

Single Layer Winding Of Three Phase Induction Motor

Enesi Asizehi Yahaya
1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna.
Nigeria

--------------------------------------------------------Abstract--------------------------------------------------------
The winding layout and diagrams of single or three phase induction motors of single layer windings have been a
problem to Engineers and Technicians because of the different types of windings and lack of basic knowledge on
the rewinding techniques. This paper presents the basic knowledge, simplified analytical methods and winding
layout and diagrams of single layer windings.

Keywords: Winding layout, single layer winding, induction motors, rewinding technique, three phase motor
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Date Of Submission: 23 March 2013 Date Of Publication: 05,May.2013
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I. INTRODUCTION
When each side of a coil occupies a slot completely without any other coil lying on top of it and the
number of coils equals half the number of slots, the winding is known as single layer winding [1]. Concentric
winding or chain winding types are common and in this type of winding, short-pitched coils cannot be used. The
laying of concentrated winding depends on the coil span and the number of slots per pole per phase as in [2] and
[3]. The concentric winding can be in form of unbifurcated (half-coiled) or bifurcated (whole-coiled) type. In
unbifurcated concentric windings, the coils comprising a pair of pole phase groups under adjacent poles are
concentric. The overhangs of these windings are usually arranged in two or three separate tiers or planes. This
arrangement is provided in order to avoid the crossing of two coils under one phase group. In bifurcated
concentric windings, each pole phase group is split up in to two sets of concentric coils and each set sharing its
return coil sides with those of another pole phase group in the same phase [5], Mush winding and three tier
winding are also of single layer winding. Single layer winding is common in small ac machines of power rating
below 15hp, though this mainly depends on the manufacturer. And such machines have large number of
conductors per slot. The single layer fractional slot winding is common in brushless dc machines and permanent
magnet synchronous machines (PMSM). Single layer windings have higher efficiency and quieter operations
due to the openings of their narrow slots. Single layer windings are highly insulated because of the end
connections that are separated by large air spaces which make them suitable for high voltages. The absence of
inter layer separator is due to higher space factor.

1.1 Parameters
Z= Number of stator slots
2P=Number of poles, where P is the number of pair of poles
q=Number of slots per pole per phase
m=Number of phase
y=Coil span
=Z/2P is the Pole pitch or full span
II. CONCENTRIC WINDING
In unbifurcated concentric windings, the first of the q coils which is the smallest is thrown from the q
th

slot having coil-span, y = ( q + 1) and the second coil which is larger than the first coil will be thrown from
the second slot to its coil-span, y = ( q + 2)
,
and if q=3, the third coil which is the largest coil will be thrown
from first slot having its coil-span, y = ( q + 3) as in [4].Figure 1 shows the single layer concentric winding
diagram of stator (armature) with 24 slots and four poles. Then q = 24 / (4X3) = 2. = 24/4 = 6. The inner coil is
thrown from the second slot having coil-span, y = ( q + 1) = 6 2 + 1 =5 to (2+5) = 7
th
slot. The outer coil
which is larger than the inner coil is thrown from the first slot having coil-span, y = ( q + 2) = 6 2 +2= 6 to
(2+6) = 8
th
slot. The other coils are arranged in the same manner. There are 12 coils and two coil groups per
each phase. The winding diagram is similar to unbifurcated concentric winding with two plane overhang. Figure
2 shows the connections of two coils that form the coil group of a phase of the winding.
Single Layer Winding Of Three Phase Induction
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1 2
3 4 5 7 6
8
9 10
11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
U1 U2
V1
V2
W1 W2
Fig. 4. Single layer winding (concentric winding) with Z=24 and 2P=4

Fig. 1: Single layer winding (concentric winding) with Z=24 and 2P=4
1 2
3 4 5 7 6
8
9 10
11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1
4
U1 U2

Fig. 2: Connection of coil group per phase

Figure 3 shows the winding diagram of a three plane overhang bifurcated concentric winding of 24 stator slots
with four poles. There are twelve coils in the sator and four coils form a group per phase. The end connections is
like that of double layer winding. There are six slots per pole and two slots per pole per phase. Figure 4 shows
the connection of the coils of a phase.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
U1 U2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
V1 V2 W1 W2


Fig. 3: Bifurcated concentric winding with Z=24 and 2P=4
Single Layer Winding Of Three Phase Induction
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
U1 U2
1 4 7 10

Fig. 4: Connection of coils in a phase

Figure 5 shows three-tier winding diagram with 36 slots and two poles. The number of slots per pole per phase,
q = 36 / (2X3) = 6. The pole pitch, = 36/2 = 18. The smallest coil of the three coils is thrown from the third
slot having coil-span, y = ( 6 + 1 ) = 18 3 + 1 = 13 to (3+13) = 16
th
slot. The second larger coil is thrown
from the second slot having coil-span, y = ( q + 2) = 18 6 + 2 =14 to (2+14)= 16
th
slot. The third coil which
is the largest is thrown from the third coil having its coil-span, y = ( q + 3)=18-6+3=15 to (1+15)=16
th
slot.
UI, V1 and W1 start from the 1
st
, 3
rd
and 5
th
coil respectively of the total coils of the three phase.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 3536 13
1
2
3
4
5
6 6
U1 U2 W1 W2 V1
V2
Fig. 5 Three - tier winding with 2P = 2

Fig. 5: Three-tier winding with Z=36 and 2P=2

III. MUSH WINDING
This type of winding is applicable in alternating current armature winding and the coil span is odd. It
consists of long and short conductors and the number depends on the number of slots per pole per phase. The
longer conductors occupy odd slots while the short conductors occupy even slots. The long and short conductors
are connected. A mush winding with Z=36 and 2P=4 is shown in Figure 6 below. The number of slots per pole
per phase is q=36/(4X3)=3 and the coil span, =36/4=9 which is an odd number. The U1, V1 and W1 start from
the 1
st
, 5
th
and 3
rd
coils respectively of the total coils in the three phase. Figure 7 shows the connection of coils of
one of the phase.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
U1 U2 V2 V1 W1 W2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Fig. 6: Mush winding with Z=36 and 2P=4

Single Layer Winding Of Three Phase Induction
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
U1 U2
1
4
7
10

Fig. 7: Connection of coils per phase
3.1 Single layer fractional slot winding:
If the number of slots in a stator is Z, the number of poles is 2P and the number of phase, m. The
number of slots per pole per phase is given by
.
poles of number X phases of number
slots of number
q

C
B AC
C
B
A
C
B
A q

,
C
D

where A is an integer. B/C is reduced so that the numerator and the
denominator are the smallest possible integers, and cannot be mutually divisible. If the denominator C is an odd
number, the winding is said to be a first grade winding, and when C is an even number, the winding is of the
second grade. The most reliable fractional slot winding is constructed by selecting C=2. The winding of this
type can be designed for fractional slot permanent machines by selecting q=2.The total coil groups present in
three phase winding consist of B coil groups of (A+1) coils and (C-B) coil groups of A coils. The total coil
groups present in three phase winding consist of B coil groups of (A+1) coils and (C-B) coil groups of A coils.
The single layer winding parameters are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Parameters for connecting single layer winding
















Single layer fractional slot winding with Z=30, and 2P=4
.
2
5
2
1
2
C
D
q or q

A=2, B=1 and C=2 and D=5. There are B coil groups of (A+1) coils, that is, 1 coil
group of 3 coils. Also there are (B-C) coil groups of A coils, that is, 1 group of 2 coils. There are D coils in each
phase. The configuration can be written as 3 2 or 2 3. Configuration 3 2 is chosen. This configuration can
appear only 3 (number of phases) times so that the total number of coils in the winding is equal to Dm=5x3=15.
S/N Three-phase Single-layer winding
1 Connection of coils in
coil groups of the
three phase


U11 V12 W13 and U1-1, V1-5 and W1-3 for the unbifurcated concentric
and mush.

- 4 - 5 - 6
- 7 - 8 9
2 Number of parallel
branches, a
In integral slot winding, p/a=integer and in fractional slot winding, P/aC=integer

3 Orderly connection of
coil groups of each
phase
End (E) of first coil group to the start (S) of next coil group and the end of that coil
group to the start of the next coil group of the same phase (E-S-E-S-E-S) or End (E)
to End (E) and Start (S) to Start (S) of the next coil group of the same phase
depending on the number of poles of the winding
4 Winding type Concentric, lap or wave type, mush and 3-tier
5 Number of slots
Z=2Pmq
Z=2Pmq and a maxP
6 Pole pitch
Coil span
=Z/2P
y=Z/2P + 1, y=Z/2P - 1
7 Conditions of
symmetry
P/C N, meaning P cannot be 1 and for three phase C/m N
Single Layer Winding Of Three Phase Induction
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There are two coil group per phase and a total of six (Cm) coil groups in the winding. The configurations are 3 2
3 2 3 2. Table 2 shows the distribution of coils belonging to each phase.

Table 2: Position of coil groups in each phase of winding

A 3 2
B 2 3
C 3 2

Figure 8 is the arrangement of coil groups and the various slots occupied by them. Each phase A, B and C
contains two coil groups with the first phase, A occupying the first and the fourth coil group. The winding
diagram is shown in Figure 6

Fig. 8: Coil group diagram of a single layer fractional slot winding with Z=30 and 2P=4
The winding diagram of a single layer fractional slot winding with Z=30 and 2P=4 is shown in figure 9 below
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
1
2
3
4
5
6 6
U1 U2
V1 V2 W1 W2
No. of coil group.


Fig. 9: Fractional slot winding with Z=30 and 2P=4
Single layer fractional slot winding with Z=36 slots and 2P=10

Table 3 shows the coil distribution per phase of a 3-phase stator winding have 36 slots and 10 poles. The number
of slots per pole per phase, q=Z/(2Pm)=36/(3x10)=1.2=
5
1
1 . A phase consists of B coil groups of (A+1) coils=1
group of (1+1) coils. 1 coil group of 2 coils and (C-B) coil groups of A coils. (5-1) groups of 1 coil=4 groups of l
coil.
C
D
q
5
6
. D is the number of coils in each phase of the winding and D is (2+1+1+1+1)=6. The total coil
groups in the winding is equal to Dm=6x3=18. One of the coil groups consists of two coils.

The coil groups are:
1 coil group has two coils
q1=2
4 coil groups having one coil q2=q3=q4=q5=1

A-B-C-A-B-C-A-B-C-A-B-C-A-B-C
2-1-1-1-1-2-1-1-1-1-2-1-1-1-1
Figure 10 shows the layout of coil group and their slot positions




Single Layer Winding Of Three Phase Induction
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Table 3. Distribution of coil groups in each phase of the winding

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A 2 1 1 1 1
B 1 1 1 2 1
C 1 2 1 1 1


Fig. 10 : Coil group diagram of a single layer fractiional slot winding with Z=36 and 2P=10

The coil group schema defines the number of coils in the coil groups of a phase. The design of the winding is
shown in figure 11. There are five coil groups per phase and six coils per phase because one of the coil groups
contains two coils. The total coil group is fifteen (cm) while the total coils in the three phase is equal to
eighteen.
q1
A
q2
B
q3
C
q4
A
q5
B
q1
C
q2
A
q3
B
q4
C
q5
A
q1
B
q2
C
q3
B A
q4 q5
C
2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
36 1
2
3
4
5
6
7 8 9
10 11
12
13
14 15 16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
1 4 5 8
11
15 19 22 26 30 33
Winding construction of phase A using diamond winding. Fig. 7
No. of coil group.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
(a)
(b)
slot no. 2
U1 U2

Fig. 11: A phase of single layer fractional slot winding with Z=36 and 2P=10

IV. CONCLUSION
The simplified method of winding configurations, layout diagrams and winding diagrams help the
Engineers and Technician working in rewinding workshop to have the basic knowledge of three phase single
layer winding of three phase induction motor.

REFERENCES
[1] Dr. Saud Ibrahim Shahl. Electrical Machines 11. PP1-5
[2] Hanne Jussia (2009). Concentric winding multiphase permanent magnet machine design and electromagnetic
properties-caes axial flux machine. Lappeenranta. PP18-20.
[3] Motor ABC for SIEMENS Low-voltage three phase motors. Fifth edition. 2004 PP144
[4] Ms. A. Sumathi, Mr. R. Krislinakumas , Mr. P. Bala Subramanion, Mr. K. S.Sampath Nagarian (2011). Electrical
Machines and Appliances Theory. First edition. 2011. PP33-52
[5] R.K. Agarwal (2000). Principle of Electrical Machine Design. Fouth Edition. PP314-320.