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Chapter 2: Probability Section 2.2: Sample Spaces

This document discusses sample spaces in probability. It defines an experiment as a process of observation or measurement, such as flipping a coin or rolling a die. An outcome is the most basic measurement resulting from an experiment. The sample space is the set of all possible outcomes. For the experiment of rolling two dice, the sample space could be the sums of the dots showing, from 2 to 12, or the pairs of individual dice sums from (1,1) to (6,6). Sample spaces can be finite, countable/discrete, or continuous/infinite.

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11 views

Chapter 2: Probability Section 2.2: Sample Spaces

This document discusses sample spaces in probability. It defines an experiment as a process of observation or measurement, such as flipping a coin or rolling a die. An outcome is the most basic measurement resulting from an experiment. The sample space is the set of all possible outcomes. For the experiment of rolling two dice, the sample space could be the sums of the dots showing, from 2 to 12, or the pairs of individual dice sums from (1,1) to (6,6). Sample spaces can be finite, countable/discrete, or continuous/infinite.

Uploaded by

thermopolis3012
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 2: Probability

Section 2.2: Sample Spaces


Experiment: This refers to the process of observation or measurement.
This should not be confused with the term experiment as used in research.
Flipping a coin, rolling a die, and picking a card from a deck are all
experiments.

Outcome: This is the most basic measurement.
In rolling two pair of dice, an outcome could be defined in more than one
way.
Outcome: The sum of the dots on the sides facing up.
Sample Space: This is the set of all possible outcomes.
For the previous example:
Outcome: The sum of the dots on the sides facing up.
Sample Space: S = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

Outcome: The pairs of the sums of the dots on the red die and green die.
Sample Space: S = {(x, y)| x = 1, 2, . . . , 6, y = 1, 2, . . . , 6}

Both of these sample spaces have a finite number of elements.

For rolling the experiment of rolling dice, which type of outcome do we
usually use?

Do we have sample spaces that have an infinite number of elements or
outcomes?




Suppose an outcome is how far the length of a towel made at a factory?
In this case, the sample space is continuous.


A sample space is countable if can be matched up one-to-one with some
subset of the set of whole numbers.
Example: The experiment of choosing a card from standard deck of 52
cards.

It can even be a set with an infinite number of elements.
Example: A good example is given in the book. The experiment is flipping
a coin until you get heads.
{H, TH, TTH, TTTH, TTTTH, . . . . }

A sample space that contains a countable number of elements is said to be
discrete.

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