Page 400 14 A f t er t h o u gh t s

14 A f t er t h o u gh t s
Thi s book has hopef ul l y pr ov i ded t he r eader wi t h v al uabl e and us ef ul i nf or mat i on. By f ol l owi ng and
ap p l y i n g t h e t h eo r y o n t h e t o p i c s o u t l i n ed i n t h e v ar i o u s s ec t i o n s , o n e c an r eac h t o a j u s t i f i e d
c o n c l u s i o n o n wh et h er a h eav y t r an s p o r t i s s af e t o ex ec u t e o r n o t .
As one gr ows mor e exper i enc ed wi t h t he way hy dr aul i c t r ans por t er s ar e t o be s et up s o t hat t he s af et y
o f t h e t r an s p o r t i s war r an t ed , o n e may s t ar t t o d ev el o p an d i mp l emen t s o me o wn gu i d e l i n es ,
p r i n c i p l es an d p r ef er en c es .
One may ques t i on i f ev er y c al c ul at i on i n ev er y s ec t i on i s t o be appl i ed t o ev er y t r ans por t exec ut ed. I n
o t h er wo r d s , i s i t s af e t o t ak e s h o r t c u t s i n t h e en gi n eer i n g an d p r ep ar at i o n p h as e o f a t r an s p o r t ?
A l t h o u gh s h o r t c u t s i n t r o d u c e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f o v er l o o k i n g i mp o r t an t as p ec t s o f a t r an s p o r t i t i s
c o mmo n ( f o r t h e ex p er i en c ed en gi n eer ) t o s k i p c er t ai n s t ep s i n t h e en gi n eer i n g p r o c es s .
A s mo r e an d mo r e t r an s p o r t s ar e b ei n g en gi n eer ed b y i n d i v i d u al s , c er t ai n p at t er n s may o c c u r i n t h e
o u t c o me o f s u c h en gi n eer i n g. Fo r ex amp l e, t h e geo gr ap h i c al l o c at i o n o f ex ec u t i o n f o r a h eav y
t r an s p o r t c o mp an y may n o t b e i n a mo u n t ai n o u s o r ev en h i l l y en v i r o n men t an d t h er ef o r e o n e may
wan t t o ex c l u d e gr ad i en t s an d t h ei r i n f l u en c e o n t h e t r an s p o r t .
On e may al s o wan t t o r eac h t o an av er age v al u e f o r ac c el er at i o n an d d ec el er at i o n f o r c es b as ed o n
emp i r i c al r es u l t s w i t h t h e eq u i p men t at h an d .
Suc h appr oac hes ar e l egi t as l ong as t he r eas ons t o r eac h t o s uc h c onc l us i ons ar e j us t i f i abl e and
v er i f i ab l e.
The mai n pur pos e of t hi s book i s t o mak e and mai nt ai n our Heav y Tr ans por t i ndus t r y a s af e( r ) pl ac e
t o wo r k i n b y s h ar i n g k n o wl ed ge w i t h o t h er s wh o h av e an i n t er es t i n t h e s u b j ec t .
THE ART OF HEAVY TRANSPORT
Page 401
T abl e o f F i gu r es
F i gur e F - l , F l at bed 15
F i gu r e F- 2, Expandabl e F l at bed 15
F i gur e F- 3, Si ngl e Dr o p 2/ 3 Axl e 15
F i gur e F- 4, Do ubl e Dr o p Deck 2 Axl e 15
F i gur e F- 5, Expandabl e Dr o p Deck 2/ 3 Axl e 15
F i gur e F- 6, Mu l t i pl e Axl e Hi gh Tonnage Do ubl e Dr o p 15
F i gur e F- 7, Mu l t i pl e Axl e Hi gh Tonnage Do ubl e Dr o p Expandabl e 15
F i gur e F- 8, Cl os e- up o f do ubl e wi de 16- axl e l i ne co nf i gu r at i o n car r y i ng a 400 t o n ( 881, 000
L BS ) ves s el . L o cat i o n: Ras L af f an, Qat ar , Mi d d l e Eas t . Tr ans po r t er br and: Co met t o pu l l
t y pe 16
F i gur e F- 9, A 12- axl e l i nes i n s i ngl e wi de co nf i gu r at i o n car r y i ng 150 t on ( 330, 396 L BS )
ves s el . L o cat i o n: Por t Ar t hu r , Texas , USA. Tr ans por t er br and: Go l dho f er pu l l t y pe 16
F i gur e F- 10, Tr ans po r t i ng a 300 t o n ( 660, 793 L BS ) ves s el o nt o a bar ge wi t h a do ubl e wi de 12-
axl e l i ne co nf i gu r at i o n. Lo cat i o n: Shr ev epor t , Lo ui s i ana, USA. Tr ans po r t er br and:
Go l d ho f er pu l l t y pe. No t e ho wt he hy dr aul i c s us pens i on " al l o ws " t he axl es t o f o l l o w t he
co nt o ur s o f t he s ur f ace / r amps 17
F i gur e F - l 1. Two 12- axl es l i nes s el f pr o pel l ed t r ans por t er s car r y i ng a 325 t o n ( 715, 859 L BS )
s ki d. L o cat i o n: Equat o r i al Gui nea, Wes t Af r i ca. Tr ans por t er br and: Scheuer l e s el f
pr o pel l ed 17
F i gur e F - l 2, Tr ans po r t o f 225 t o n ( 495, 595 L BS ) t r ans f or mer on 12- axl e l i nes , 1. 5- wi de
co nf i gu r at i o n. No t e t he pr i me mo v er and t he t o w bar on t hi s pu l l t y pe t r ans por t er .
L o cat i o n: Dubai , Uni t ed Ar ab Emi r at es . Tr ans por t er br and: Co met t o pu l l t y pe 19
F i gur e F- 13, Tr ans po r t o f 125 t o n ( 275, 330 L BS ) ant i que s t eam l o co mo t i v e on a 4- s pacer - 6
goos e neck co nf i gu r at i o n. The s pacer can bar el y be s een on t he l ef t . L o cat i o n:
Gr apev i ne, Texas , USA. Tr ans po r t er br and: Go l dho f er pu l l t y pe 20
F i gur e F - l 4, Cl os e- up o f a Co met t o goos e neck. L o cat i o n: Hous t on, Texas , USA. Tr ans po r t er
br and: Co met t o pu l l t y pe 20
F i gur e F - l 5, Vi ew o f a do ubl e 12- axl e l i ne co nf i gu r at i o n car r y i ng 95 t o n ( 209, 251 LBS) .
L o cat i o n: Eq u at o r i al Gui nea, Wes t Af r i ca. Tr ans po r t er br and: Scheuer l e s el f pr o pel l ed.
No t e t he t wo po wer packs and t he co nt r o l box car r i ed by t he oper at or 21
F i gur e F- 16, Tr ans po r t o f 470 t o n ( 1, 035, 242 L BS ) ves s el on s el f pr o pel l ed t r ans por t er s i n
d o l l y co nf i gu r at i o n. L o cat i o n: Cor pus Chr i s t i e, Texas , USA. Tr ans por t er br and: doubl e
12- axl e l i nes Scheuer l e s el f pr o pel l ed i n t he f r o nt ( r i ght s i de o f t he pi ct ur e) , doubl e 12-
axl e l i nes Go l d ho f er s el f pr o pel l ed i n t he r ear ( l ef t s i de o f t he pi ct ur e) 21
F i gur e F- 17, Fus ee axl e as s embl y . A - knee j o i nt . B - hy dr aul i c axl e cy l i nder . Tr ans po r t er br and:
Go l d ho f er 22
F i gur e F - l 8, Pendul um axl e as s embl y. A - knee j o i nt . B - hy dr aul i c axl e cy l i nder . C - t ur n t abl e.
Tr ans po r t er br and: Go l d ho f er 23
F i gur e F- 19, 370 t o n ( 814, 977 L BS ) bu l l et t ank t r ans por t ed on a co mbi nat i o n o f s el f pr o pel l ed
( t hr ee axl e l i nes s ho wn o n t he r i ght ) and pu l l t y pe ( t wo axl e l i nes s hown o n t he l ef t )
axl es . The po wer pack ( l o cat ed on t he r i ght s i de) 26
F i gur e F- 20, A 200 t o n ( 440, 529 L BS ) Heat Recov er y St eamGener at or ( HRSG) t r ans por t ed on
16- axl e l i nes o f whi ch t he f i r s t s i x ( r i ght s i de near t he po wer pack) ar e s el f pr o pel l ed
t y pe and t he r emai ni ng t en ar e pu l l t y pe 26
F i gur e F - 21, St eer i ng pl at es and s t eer i ng r ods t hat i nt er co nnect each axl e. Not e t hat t he
t r ans po r t er deck pr o v i des " ho l es " f o r eas y acces s t o t he 27
F i gur e F- 22, Hy d r au l i c cy l i nd er s t hat r ot at e t he axl es on t he t ur n t abl e ( y el l o w o v al ) on a s el f
pr o pel l ed t r ans por t er . Thes e cy l i nd er s " co mmuni cat e" el ect r o ni cal l y wi t h t he CPU i n t he
T HE A RT OF HE A VY T RA NS PORT
Page 402
Tabl e o f F i gur es
po wer pack o nt h i s 6- axl e l i ne c o nf i gu r at i o n. L o c at i o n: Bat o n Rouge, L o u i s i ana, USA.
Tr ans po r t er br and: Sch euer l e s el f pr o pel l ed , 1984 mo del 27
F i gu r e F- 23, Exampl e o f a t ype- B t ur nt abl e. Al t h o u gh t h e URP i s co nnect ed t o t h e L F P, t h e
mi d d l e c o nnec t i o n i s no t l o ad- bear i ng, i t i s j u s t a pi n s unk i n t h e L F P. L o c at i o n: Dubai ,
Uni t ed Ar ab Emi r at es , Mi d d l e Eas t . Tr ans po r t er br and: Co met t o pu l l t ype 28
F i gur e F- 24, Tu r nt abl e c o ns i s t i ng o f t wo 29
F i gur e F- 25, Same t u r nt abl e wi t h 450 29
F i gur e F- 26, Pr epar at i o n o f a 500 t o n ( 1. 101, 322 L BS) t u m t abl e 30
F i gur e F- 27, Pr epar at i o n o f a 500 t o n ( 1, 101, 322 L BS) t u r nt abl e 30
F i gur e F- 28, Th e above s et o f t ur nt abl es , each 500 t o n was us ed f o r t h e t r ans po r t o f t h i s 700 t o n
ves s el . Th e l o ad s pr eadi ng o nt h e Co met t o t r ans po r t er s was r eq u i r ed due t o a l o wer
al l o wabl e bend i ng mo ment co mpar ed t o t h e Sch euer l e Mo d u l ar t r ans po r t er s and an
o f f s et Cent er o f Gr avi t y t h at pl aced a h i gh er per cent age o f t h e l o ad ont h e Co met t o
t r ans po r t er . L o c at i o n: Ras L af f an, Qat ar , Mi d d l e Eas t 30
F i gur e F- 29, A 185 t o n ( 407, 489 L BS) ves s el t r ans po r t ed i n d o l l y c o nf i gu r at i o n f o r r eas ons as
ment i o ned 31
F i gur e F- 30, A 225 t o n ( 495, 595 L BS) ves s el t r ans po r t ed i n d o l l y c o nf i gu r at i o n f o r r eas ons as
ment i o ned 31
F i gu r e F - 31, Th i s pi c t u r e s h ows t h e r ear t r ans po r t er o f a d o l l y l o ad o f 450 t o n ( 991. 189 L BS) .
Th e l o ad i ng deck o f t h i s t r ans po r t er co mpr i s es t h e compl et e4- s pacer - 6- axl e l i nes even i f
t h e s pacer h as a l es s er c apac i t y t h an t h e r es t o f t h e t r ans po r t er 32
F i gur e F- 32, F r o nt s t eer i ng h eader ( y el l o wo val ) s h o wn o n t h i s 8- axl e l i ne t r ans po r t er c ar r yi ng
4 c y l i nd er s wei gh i ng 120 t o n ( 264, 317L BS) o f a 12 c y l i nd er di es el engi ne 33
F i gur e F- 33, Rear s t eer i ng h eader ( y el l o wo val ) o f t h e s ame t r ans po r t ed l o ad as s h o wn i n t h e 33
F i gur e F- 34, Tr ans po r t o f a 325 t o n ( 715, 859 L BS) ves s el . Th e s t eer i ng h eader i s vi s i bl e j u s t
beh i nd t h e o per at o r , t h e t o w bar co nnect s t h e pr i me mo ver t o t h e s t eer i ng h eader . No t e
t h e s mal l po wer pack o n t h e t r ans po r t er deck ( s ecur ed wi t h c h ai ns ) f o r t h e s t eer i ng and
l evel i ng as s i s t ance i f r eq u i r ed . Al s o no t e t h e wi r es h angi ng o f f t h e ves s el , t h es e ar e
at t ach ed t o accel er at o r i nd i c at o r s . Th i s t r ans po r t was c r i t i c al eno ugh t h at accel er at or
i nd i c at o r s wer e r equi r ed. As one can s ee, t h e cl ear ances d u r i ng t h i s t r ans po r t 34
F i gur e G- l , 2- di mens i o nal Car t es i an c o o r d i nat e s ys t em 37
F i gur e G- 2, 2- di mens i o nal s ys t emwi t h angl es 39
F i gur e G- 3, Si ne r u l e &co s i ne r u l e 41
F i gur e G- 4, 2- di mens i o nal s ys t emwi t h angl es 43
F i gur e G- 5, 3- di mens i o nal Car t es i an c o o r di nat e s ys t em 47
F i gur e G- 6, 3- di mens i o nal s ys t emwi t h angl es 49
F i gur e G- 7, Co o r d i nat e d emo ns t r at i o n u s i ng Car t es i an s ys t em 51
F i gu r e 1- 1, 3- l egged t abl e wi t h h at ch ed s t abi l i t y ar ea 56
F i gu r e 1 - 2, 4- l egged t abl e wi t h h at ch ed s t abi l i t y ar ea 57
F i gur e 1- 3, Di f f er enc e bet ween 3- poi nt and 4- po i nt s us pens i on 58
F i gur e 1- 4, V i s u al i z at i o n o f t h e Cent er s o f Sus pens i o n and s t abi l i t y ar ea 60
F i gur e 1- 5, 4- po i nt s us pens i on wi t h 3 axl es per s us pens i on po i nt s h o wi ng s t abi l i t y ar ea 60
F i gu r e 1- 6, 6- axl e l i ne t r ans po r t er wi t h h y d r au l i c l i nes and val ves 64
F i gur e 1- 7, Ax l e as s embl y s h o wi ng t h e " knee" and t h e f o r war d and r ever s e d i r ec t i o n i n r es pect
o f t h i s " knee" 67
F i gur e 1- 8, One o f a c o mbi nat i o n o f t wo 12- axl e l i nes o f s el f pr o pel l ed t r ans po r t er s r o l l i ng o f f
a bar ge. Th e " knees " ar e f ac i ng f o r war d d i r ec t i o n. Tr ans po r t er s ar e c ar r y i ng a 4 5 0 t o n
( 991, 189 L BS) c o nveyo r cr ane. L o c at i o n: Ho us t o n, Texas , USA. Tr ans po r t er br and:
Sch euer l e s el f pr o pel l ed 68
T HE ART OF HE AV Y T RANSPORT
Page403
1

u r e 1
di ffi cul t to see in this picturebut the second and third axle(see red arrows)
'knees' facing in forward direction just as all therest of the12-axlelines. This
transporter is carrying a280 68
Figure 1-10, threesets of 12-axlelines self propelled transporters carrying a900 ton deck. Even
though this is asidemovethereis adistinct forward and reversedirection. The"knees"
of each set of transporters arefacing the sameforward direction. Location: Morgan City,
Louisiana, USA. Transporter brand: Scheuerleself propelled 69
Figure 1-11, Hydraulic transporter showing the operator and the suspension group names
applied as per thedescribed naming convention 70
Figure 1-12, 6-axlelinetransporter showing hatched stability area 71
Figure1-13, Example 1 -a, graphical representation of asuspension system 73
Figure1-14, Example 1-b, suspension systemand stability area(graphical) 74
Figure1-15. Example 1 -c, suspension systemand stability area(mathematical) 76
Figure1-16. Example2-a, graphical representation of asuspension system 80
Figure1-17, Example2-b, suspension systemand stability area(graphical) 81
Figure 1-18, Example2-c, suspension systemand stability area(mathematical) 82
Figure 1-19, Example3-a, graphical representation of asuspension system 85
Figure 1-20. Example3-b, suspension systemand stability area(graphical) 86
Figure 1-21, Example3-c, suspension systemand stability area(mathematical) 87
Figure1-22, Example4-a, graphical representation of asuspension system 91
Figure 1-23, Example4-b, suspension systemand stability area(graphical) 92
Figure 1-24, Example4-c, suspension systemand stability area(mathematical) 93
Figure 1-25, Example5-a-l, graphical representation of asuspension system 97
Figure 1-26, Example5-a-2, graphical representation of asuspension system 98
Figure1-27, Example5-b, suspension systemand stability area(graphical) 99
Figure 1-28, Example5-c, suspension systemand stability area(mathematical) 100
Figure 1-29, Example6-a-l, graphical representation of asuspension system 103
Figure 1-30, Example6-a-2, graphical representation of asuspension system 104
Figure 1-31. Example6-b. suspension systemand stability area(graphical) 105
Figure 1 -32, Example6-c, suspension systemand stability area(mathematical) 106
Figure 1-33, Example7-a, graphical representation of asuspension system 110
Figure 1-34, Example7-b. suspension systemand stability area(mathematical) 1 I 1
Figure2-1, Pendulumaxleassembly. A -kneejoint. B -hydraulic axlecylinder. C -turn table.
Transporter brand: Goldhofer 1 '6
Figure2-2, Wheel set articulating or pivoting 117
Figure2-3, Transporter articulating or pivoting 117
Figure2-4, Fuseeaxleassembly
1 , s
Figure2-5, Uneven surfacecompensation 119
Figure2-6, Transporter on acambered road 120
Figure 2-7, Road camber with pivoting axles Location: Equatorial Guinea, West Afri ca.
Transporter brand: Scheuerleself propelled 120
Figure2-8, Road camber with pivoting axles Location: Port Arthur, Texas, USA. Transporter
brand: Goldhofer pull type 121
Figure2-9. Stability areaat deck level 122
Fi ure2-10, Stability areaat gradelevel 122
Figure2-11. Pendulumaxleassembly. A -kneejoint. B -hydraulic axlecylinder. C -turn table.
Transporter brand: Goldhofer 123
Figure3-1. CoG kinetics, example 1-a 127
Figure3-2. CoG kinetics, example 1-c 130
Figure3-3, CoG kinetics, example2 140
THE ART OF HEAV Y TRANSPORT
Page 404 Tahl e of F i gur es
F i gu r e 3- 4. CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 3 152
F i gu r e 3- 5, Compar i s on bet ween a 3- poi n t , a 4- poi n t an d a 1. 5- wi de s ys t em 164
F i gu r e 4- 1, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 1 166
F i gu r e 4- 2, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 4 176
F i gu r e 4- 3, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 5 180
F i gu r e 4- 4, Compar i s on bet ween a 3- poi n t , a 4- poi n t an d a 1. 5- wi de s ys t em 184
F i gu r e 6- 1, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 1 191
F i gu r e 6- 2, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e I , pl an v i ew 192
F i gu r e 6- 3, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 1, s c hemat i c 193
F i gu r e 6- 4, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 1, s c hemat i c 197
F i gu r e 6- 5, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 1, s c hemat i c 200
F i gu r e 6- 6, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 1, s c hemat i c 203
F i gu r e 6- 7, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 1, s c hemat i c 206
F i gu r e 6- 8, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 4 216
F i gu r e 6- 9, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 4, pl an v i ew 217
F i gu r e 6- 10, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 4, s c hemat i c 218
F i gu r e 6- 11, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 4, CoGt owar ds SI 222
F i gu r e 6- 12, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 4, CoGt owar ds S2 226
F i gu r e 6- 13, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 4, CoGt owar ds S3 230
F i gu r e 6- 14, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 5 236
F i gu r e 6- 15, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 5, pl an v i ew 237
F i gu r e 6- 16, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 5, s c hemat i c 238
F i gu r e 6- 17, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 5, CoGt owar ds SI 242
F i gu r e 6- 18, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 5, CoGt owar ds S2 246
F i gu r e 6- 19, CoGk i n et i c s , exampl e 5, CoGt owar ds S3 251
F i gu r e 6- 20, Compar i s on bet ween a 3- poi n t , a 4- poi n t an d a 1. 5- wi de s ys t em 257
F i gu r e 7- 1, Gr aphi c al r epr es en t at i on of t he s af e s t abi l i t y an gl es 261
F i gu r e 8- 1, V i s u al i z at i on l on gi t u di n al l i mi t i n g s t abi l i t y ar ea, 4- poi n t s us pen s i on 264
F i gu r e 8- 2, V i s u al i z at i on t r an s ver s e l i mi t i n g s t abi l i t y ar ea, 4- poi n t s us pen s i on 267
F i gu r e 8- 3, V i s u al i z at i on l on gi t u di n al l i mi t i n g s t abi l i t y ar ea, 3- poi n t s us pen s i on 270
F i gu r e 8- 4, V i s u al i z at i on t r an s ver s e l i mi t i n g s t abi l i t y ar ea, 3- poi n t s us pen s i on 274
F i gu r e 9- 1, A 175 t on ( 385, 463 L BS) di es el en gi n e, c as e s t udy 1 281
F i gu r e 9- 2, Gr aphi c al r epr es en t at i on of t r an s por t er wi t h s us pen s i on s ys t em an d s t abi l i t y ar ea 282
F i gu r e 9- 3, CoGk i n et i c s 283
F i gu r e 9- 4. CoGk i n et i c s , gr aphi c al r epr es en t at i on 286
F i gu r e 9- 5, CoGk i n et i c s , s c hemat i c 287
F i gu r e 9- 6, A400 t on ( 881, 057 L BS) ves s el , c as e s t u dy 2 293
F i gu r e 9- 7, Gr aphi c al r epr es en t at i on of t r an s por t er wi t h s us pen s i on s ys t em an d s t abi l i t y ar ea 294
F i gu r e 9- 8, CoGk i n et i c s 295
F i gu r e 9- 9. CoGk i n et i c s , gr aphi c al r epr es en t at i on 298
F i gu r e 9- 10, CoGk i n et i c s , s c hemat i c 299
F i gu r e 10- 1, Mu l t i pl e 4- poi n t s us pen s i on pos s i bi l i t i es 307
F i gu r e 10- 2, Mu l t i pl e 3- poi n t s us pen s i on pos s i bi l i t i es 308
F i gu r e 11- 1, Res ol v i n g of f or c es 318
F i gu r e 11- 2, Ac c el er at i on f or c es , exampl e 1 321
F i gu r e I 1- 3, Ac c el er at i on f or c e v i s u al i z at i on , pl an v i ew an d s c hemat i c s 323
F i gu r e I 1 - 4, Ac c el er at i on f or c es , exampl e 2 326
F i gu r e 11- 5, Ac c el er at i on f or c e v i s u al i z at i on , pl an v i ew an d s c hemat i c s 328
F i gu r e 11- 6, Cu r v e f or c es , exampl e 1 333
F i gu r e 11- 7, Cu r v e f or c e v i s u al i z at i on , pl an v i ew an d s c hemat i c s 334
T HE AR T OF HE AV Y T RANS PORT
Page405
Figure 11-8,
C u r
ve forces, example2 336
'
8 U r e
' ' * forcevisualization, plan view and schematics 337
Figure11-10, Wind forces, example 1 344
Figure 11-11, Wind forcevisualization, plan view and schematics 345
Figure11-12, Wind forces, example2 348
Figure11-13, Wind forcevisualization, plan view and schematics 349
Figure11-14, CoG kinetics, shift towards SI 355
Figure11-15, CoG kinetics, shift towards S3 356
Figure11-16, CoG kinetics, shift towards SI 359
Figure11-17, CoG kinetics, shift towards S3 361
Figure12-1, Visualization of road gradient forces and schematic 366
Figure12-2, Gradient forces, example 1 368
Figure 12-3, Gradient forcevisualization, plan view and schematics 369
Figure12-4, Gradient forces, example2 373
Figure12-5, Gradient forcevisualization, plan view and schematics 374
Figure 13-1, Vertically applied lashing to reduceCoG height 381
Figure13-2, Horizontally applied lashing against external forces 383
Figure13-3, Visualization of road gradient forces and schematic 386
Figure13-4, Visualization of thefriction forces 388
Figure13-5, Visualization of aload on atransporter 392
Figure13-6, Lashing forces in thevarious quadrants 395
Figure13-7, Preliminary schematic of applied lashing 396
Figure 13-8. Resulting lashing capacity 396
Figure13-9, Actual schematic of applied lashing 399
THE ART OF HEAVY TRANSPORT
Page 406
Tabl e o f Pi c t u r es
T ab l e o f Pi c t u r es
Pi c t u r e I , l oad- out ( s hor e t o bar ge) o f an o f f s ho r e modu l e wei gh i n g 800 t on ( 1, 762, 114 LBS) 54
Pi c t u r e 2, T h i s p i c t u r e s hows t he t r ans p or t o f a 350 t on ( 770, 925 LBS) di es el engi ne on a 14-
ax l e l i ne c o n f i gu r at i o n s el f p r o p el l ed t r ans por t er . T h i s i s one o f t he f ew t i mes t hat I
p er s o nal l y c ame ac r os s a t r ans p or t t hat c o u l d not have been ex ec u t ed wi t h p u l l t y p e
t r ans p or t er s due t o t he t i ght nes s o f t he s i t e 62
Pi c t u r e 3, 80 mt r ( 262' - 5. 6" ) l o n g ves s el wei gh i n g 370 t on ( 814, 978 LBS) . Lo c at i o n: Nanj i ng,
Peopl e' s Rep u bl i c o f Chi na Tr ans p or t er Br and: Ni c o l as s el f p r o p el l ed and p u l l t y p e 79
Pi c t u r e 4, T r ans p o r t o f a 200 t on ( 440, 529 LBS) c o nvec t i o n s ec t i on on a 12- axl e l i ne
c o n f i gu r at i o n 84
Pi c t u r e 5, t r ans p or t o f a r ef r ac t i o nat o r ves s el o f 450 t on ( 991, 189 LBS) t r ans p or t ed wi t h a d o l l y 90
Pi c t u r e 6, T r ans p o r t o f a 700 t on ( 1, 541, 850 LBS) s u l f i n o l abs or ber on t wo t r ans por t er s eac h 96
Pi c t u r e 7, T r ans p o r t o f a 300 t on ( 660, 793 LBS) ves s el on a do u bl e wi de 12- axl e l i ne
c o n f i gu r at i o n . Lo c at i o n: Shr evep or t , Lo u i s i ana, USA. Tr ans p or t er br and: Go l dho f er p u l l
t y p e 102
Pi c t u r e 8, T r ans p o r t o f a 1, 500 t on ( 3, 303, 965 LBS) t u gboat f r o m s hor e ont o a s u bmer s i bl e 109
Pi c t u r e 9, T r ans p o r t o f a 325 t o n ( 715, 859 LBS) heat ex c hanger on a d o l l y c o n f i gu r at i o n 115
Pi c t u r e 10, Tr ans p or t o f a 350 t on ( 770, 925 LBS) di es el engi ne on a 14- axl e l i n e t r ans por t er
Lo c at i o n: Mi r a F l or es Lo c ks Panama. Tr ans p or t er br and: Sc heuer l e s el f p r o p el l ed 126
Pi c t u r e 11, T r ans p o r t o f a 300 t on ( 660, 793 LBS) b o i l er wi t h a h i gh Co G due t o t he pr es s ur e
ves s el o n 139
Pi c t u r e 12, T r ans p o r t o f 150 t on ( 330, 396 LBS) di es el engi ne on 12- axl e l i nes c o nf i gu r at i o n.
Lo c at i o n: Cur ac ao, Du t c h Car i bbean Tr ans p or t er br and: Go l dho f er p u l l t y p e 151
Pi c t u r e 13, T r ans p o r t o f a 175 t o n ( 385, 463 LBS) ves s el on a s et o f 6- axl e l i ne do l l i es .
Lo c at i o n: Ar u ba, Du t c h Car i bbean. T r ans p o r t er br and: Go l dho f er p u l l t y p e 165
Pi c t u r e 14, T r ans p o r t o f 250 t on ( 550, 660 LBS) t r ans f o r mer on 12- axl e l i nes . Lo c at i o n: F or ney ,
Tex as , USATr ans p or t er br and: Comet t o p u l l t y p e 186
Pi c t u r e 15, Lo ad i n g o f a 280 t on ( 616, 740 LBS) t r ans f or mer f r o m s hi p' s c r ane o nt o a 12- axl e
l i ne t r ans por t er . Lo c at i o n: Por t o f Hou s t on, Tex as , USA. T r ans p o r t er br and: Go l dho f er
p u l l t y p e 190
Pi c t u r e 16. Ap p r o ac h o f t he r o- r o r amp wi t h a 6- axl e l i n e t r ans p or t er c ar r y i n g one o f ei ght 50
t o n 210
Pi c t u r e 17, T r ans p o r t on 8- axl e l i nes o f 4 engi ne c y l i nder s wei gh i n g 120 t on ( 264, 317 LBS) .
T he t o t al engi ne c ons i s t ed o f 12 c y l i nder s . Lo c at i o n: Por t Lo u i s , Mau r i t i u s , I ndi an
Oc ean Tr ans p or t er br and: Go l dho f er p u l l t y p e 215
Pi c t u r e 18, Lo ad ou t ( s hor e t o bar ge) o f a 1, 300 t on ( 2, 863, 436 LBS) s t r u c t u r e on var i ou s
d i f f er en t 235
Pi c t u r e 19, Lo ad i n g o f a 400 t o n ( 881, 057 LBS) pr es s f r o m s hi p' s c r ane o nt o a do u bl e 10- axl e
l i n e t r ans p or t er Lo c at i o n: Por t o f Ho u s t o n, Tex as , USA. Tr ans p or t er br and: Sc heuer l e
s el f p r o p el l ed 258
Pi c t u r e 20, T r ans p o r t o f a 175 t on ( 385, 462 LBS) heat er s ec t i on on 12- axl e l i nes . Lo c at i o n:
Ar u ba, Du t c h Car i bbean. Tr ans p or t er br and: Go l dho f er p u l l t y p e 262
Pi c t u r e 21, Lo ad ou t ( s hor e t o bar ge) o f a 450 t on ( 991, 189 LBS) c o nvey o r c r ane c ar r i ed ou t
wi t h t wo 12- axl e l i nes . Lo c at i o n: Ho u s t o n s hi p c hannel , Texas , USA. T r ans p o r t er br and:
Sc heuer l e s el f p r o p el l ed 280
Pi c t u r e 22, Si de l oad ou t ( s hor e t o bar ge) o nt o p o r t s i de o f t he bar go o f t hi s 800 t on ( 1, 762, 115
LBS) o f f s ho r e modu l e wi t h a 12- axl e l i ne and a 16- axl e l i ne t r ans p or t er . Lo c at i o n:
Ar ans as Pas s , Tex as , USA. T r ans p o r t er br and: Sc heuer l e s el f p r o p el l ed 305
T HE AR T OF HEAVY T R ANSPOR T
Page 407
Pi c t u r e 23, T r ans por t o f a 300 t o n ( 660, 793 LBS) ves s el on a dou bl e wi de 12- axl e l i n e
t r ans por t er c o mbi nat i o n. Lo c at i o n: E q u at o r i al Gu i nea, Wes t A f r i c a. Tr ans por t er br and:
Sc heu er l e s el f pr o pel l ed 317
Pi c t u r e 24, Lo ad i n ( bar go t o s hor e) o f a 900 t on ( 1, 982, 379 LBS) s al vaged p l at f o r m
t r ans por t ed on t wo 331
Pi c t u r e 25, Lo ad i n ( bar go t o s hor e) o f a 325 t on ( 715, 859 LBS) ves s el on a d o l l y c o nf i gu r at i o n
wi t h t wo 352
Pi c t u r e 26, Lo ad i n ( bar ge t o s hor e) o f a 900 t on ( 1, 982, 379 LBS) s al vaged r i g t r ans por t ed on 365
Pi c t u r e 27, T r ans l o adi ng o f a 450 t on ( 991, 189 LBS) ves s el f r o m s hi p t o bar ge ont o t wo
pr epo s i t i o ned . . . . 378
T HE A RT OF HE A VY T RA NSPORT
Page 408 T ab l e o f E q u at i o n s
Table of Equations
E q u at i o n G. 1 , Py t h ago r as t h eo r em 37
E q u at i o n G. 2, S i n e 40
E q u at i o n G. 3, Co s i n e 40
E q u at i o n G. 4, T an gen t 40
E q u at i o n G. 5, T an gen t 40
E q u at i o n G. 6, S i n e r u l e 41
E q u at i o n G. 7, Co s i n e r u l e 42
E q u at i o n G. 8, Py t h ago r as t h eo r em 47
E q u at i o n 1. 1, Co mb i n ed Cen t er o f Gr av i t y 61
E q u at i o n 1. 2, x - c o o r di n at e o f Cen t er o f S u s pen s i o n 75
E q u at i o n 1. 3, y - c o o r di n at e o f Cen t er o f S u s pen s i o n 75
E q u at i o n 3. 1 , Gen er i c eq u at i o n o f a l i n e 1 31
E q u at i o n 3. 2, E x p r es s i o n o f t he s l o pe o f a l i n e 1 31
E q u at i o n 3. 3, Sl o pes o f p er p en di c u l ar l i n es 1 31
E q u at i o n 6. 1 , S t at i c e q u i l i b r i u m 1 94
E q u at i o n 7. 1 , Saf e Hy dr au l i c S t ab i l i t y An gl e 259
E q u at i o n 7. 2, Saf e S t r u c t u r al S t ab i l i t y An gl e 260
E q u at i o n 8. 1 , L i mi t i n g s t ab i l i t y an gl e 263
E q u at i o n 8. 2, L i mi t i n g s t ab i l i t y an gl e 263
E q u at i o n 8. 3, L i mi t i n g f ac t o r f o r 4- po i n t s u s pen s i o n 278
E q u at i o n 8. 4, L i mi t i n g f ac t o r f o r 4- po i n t s u s pen s i o n 278
E q u at i o n 8. 5, L i mi t i n g f ac t o r f o r 3- po i n t s u s pen s i o n i n l o n gi t u di n al di r ec t i o n 278
E q u at i o n 8. 6, L i mi t i n g f ac t o r f o r 3- po i n t s u s pen s i o n i n l o n gi t u di n al di r ec t i o n 278
E q u at i o n 8. 7, L i mi t i n g f ac t o r f o r 3- po i n t s u s pen s i o n i n t r an s v er s e di r ec t i o n 279
E q u at i o n 8. 8, L i mi t i n g f ac t o r f o r 3- po i n t s u s pen s i o n i n t r an s v er s e di r ec t i o n 279
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 1 , R es o l v i n g o f f o r c es 31 8
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 2, Di s t an c e f o r mu l a 31 9
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 3, V el o c i t y f o r mu l a 31 9
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 4, Ac c el er at i o n f o r mu l a 31 9
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 5, Ac c el er at i o n f o r c e f o r mu l a 31 9
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 6, S u s pen s i o n f o r c e f o r mu l a 320
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 7, A x l e f o r c e f o r mu l a 320
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 8, V el o c i t y f o r mu l a 332
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 9, Cu r v e f o r c e f o r mu l a 332
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 1 0, S u s pen s i o n f o r c e f o r mu l as 332
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 1 1 , Co W f o r mu l a 341
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 1 2, Co W f o r mu l a b y c o o r di n at e 341
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 1 3, Wi n d pr es s u r e f o r mu l a 343
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 1 4, Wi n d f o r c e f o r mu l a 343
E q u at i o n 1 1 . 1 5, Su s pen s i o n f o r c e f o r mu l a 343
E q u at i o n 1 2. 1 , Gr adi en t f o r c e f o r mu l as 367
E q u at i o n 1 2. 2, S u s pen s i o n f o r c e f o r mu l as 367
E q u at i o n 1 3. 1 . Req u i r ed l as h i n g f o r mu l a 379
E q u at i o n 1 3. 2, Req u i r ed l as h i n g f o r mu l a 380
E q u at i o n 1 3. 3, F r i c t i o n f o r c e f o r mu l a 388
E q u at i o n 1 3. 4, f r i c t i o n f o r c e f o r mu l a wh en W
L
> W
T
391
E q u at i o n 1 3. 5, f r i c t i o n f o r c e f o r mu l a wh en W
x
> W, 391
E q u at i o n 1 3. 6, L as h i n g c ap ac i t y f o r mu l a 394
T HE ART OF HE AVY T RANSPORT
Page 409
A b b r ev i at i o n s
a = A n gl e
A n gl e b et ween t wo l i n es o r s u r f ac es
P = A n gl e
A n gl e b et ween t wo l i n es o r s u r f ac es
9 = A n gl e
A n gl e b et ween t wo l i n es o r s u r f ac es
0 = A n gl e
A n gl e b et ween t wo l i n es o r s u r f ac es
Y = A n gl e A n gl e b et ween t wo l i n es o r s u r f ac es
L I = F r i c t i o n f ac t o r
F r i c t i o n f ac t o r i s t h e f ac t o r t h at d et er mi n es t h e f r i c t i o n
b et ween t h e s u r f ac es o f t wo mat er i al s .
a = A c c el er at i o n
Gen er al ac c el er at i o n
3
A C C
=
A c c el er at i o n A c c el er at i o n du e t o an i n c r eas e o r dec r eas e i n v el o c i t y
a
A C C -L = L o n gi t u d i n al
ac c el er at i o n
L o n gi t u d i n al c o mpo n en t o f A
A C C
a
At : c -L = T r an s v er s e ac c el er at i o n T r an s v er s e c o mpo n en t o f A
A C C
an
R V
i = Cu r v e ac c el er at i o n A c c el er at i o n as a r es u l t o f t u r n i n g
A = S u r f ac e S u r f ac e o f a c o mpo n en t
A c = Max. A xl e Capac i t y T h e max. c apac i t y o f an axl e ( n o t axl e l i n e)
A L PHA Name o f a s u s pen s i o n gr o u p
A V = A xl e v al v e V al v e t h at al l o ws o r r es t r i c t s t h e o i l f l o w f r o m t h e d i r ec t
l i n e ( DL ) t o t h e axl e
BR A V O Name o f a s u s pen s i o n gr o u p
CH = Cr o s s - o v er h o s e Ho s e ( n o t s h o wn ) t h at al l o ws o i l f l o w f r o m o n e
t r an s po r t er t o t h e n ext t r an s po r t er i n a s i de- b y - s i de
c o n f i gu r at i o n
CHA R L Y Name o f a s u s pen s i o n gr o u p
Co G = Cen t er o f Gr av i t y Cen t er o f Gr av i t y i s t h e po i n t at wh i c h t h e o b j ec t s en t i r e
mas s c an b e as s u med.
Co S = Cen t er o f S u s pen s i o n T h e Cen t er o f S u s pen s i o n i s t h e po i n t at wh i c h t h e
r es u l t i n g f o r c e wo u l d appl y i f t h er e wo u l d b e o n l y o n e
axl e per s u s pen s i o n gr o u p.
Co W = Cen t er o f Wi n d s u r f ac e
R es u l t i n g po i n t o n a s u r f ac e t h at t h e wi n d f o r c e ac t s o n
CV = Cr o s s - o v er v al v e
V al v e t h at al l o ws o r r es t r i c t s t h e o i l f l o w f r o m t h e l ef t
s i de d i r ec t l i n e ( DL ) t o t h e r i gh t s i de d i r ec t l i n e ( DL ) an d
v i c e v er s a
D = Di s t an c e
Di s t an c e b et ween t wo po i n t s
DEL T A
Name o f a s u s pen s i o n gr o u p
D
a
= A xl e d i s t an c e
Di s t an c e b et ween c en t er o f o n e axl e t o t h e c en t er o f t h e
n ext axl e, s een i n l o n gi t u d i n al d i r ec t i o n
D
b
= A xl e b as e d i s t an c e
Di s t an c e b et ween t h e c en t er o f a r i gh t h an d s i de axl e t o
t h e c en t er o f t h e l ef t h an d s i de axl e, s een i n t r an s v er s e
d i r ec t i o n
D
i h
= A xl e c en t er h ei gh t
Di s t an c e meas u r ed v er t i c al l y f r o m gr ade t o c en t er o f an
axl e
D L = Di r ec t l i n e
L i n e t h at r u n s f r o m h y d r au l i c pu mp d i r ec t t o t h e axl es
( b l u e an d r ed l i n e)
n = Di s t an c e
Di s t an c e b et ween PI an d P2
T HE A R T OF HEA V Y T R A NS P OR T
Page410 Abbreviations
F
T
= Transverseforce Forceapplied in transversetransporter direction
F
L
= Longitudinal force Forceapplied in longitudinal transporter direction
F A C T = Actual force Forceapplied in any direction
F
A C <
- = Acceleration force Forceas aresult of an acceleration
F A C C - L = Acceleration force Longitudinal component of F
A C C
F A C C - T = Acceleration force Transversecomponent of F
A C C
FsUSPBNSION
Forceon asuspension group
Fsi ISPE NSION- L
Longitudinal component of F
S T
I S P E N S I O N
FsUSPF.N S I O N - T
Transversecomponent of F S U S P E N S IO N
F
2
Forceparallel to an angled surface
F
2
.
L
Force parallel to an angled surface in longitudinal
direction
F
2
.
T
Forceparallel to an angled surfacein transversedirection
F
N
= Formal force Forceexerted between two surfaces takinginto account
theangleof thosesurfaces
F
W
= Friction force Forcethat is ableto withstand external influences dueto
the"roughness" of two contact surfaces
F A X L E = Axle force
Forces (weights) to which an axleis exposed
F W I N D = Wind force Forceinduced by wind
Fwi ND- L
Longitudinal component of F W I N D
Fwi ND- T
Transversecomponent of F
W
|
N D
F
V
Forcein vertical (z) direction
g = Earth's gravity Earth's gravity 9.81 mtr/sec
2
(32.17 ft/sec
2
)
Ha.Hp = Hydr. Stab. Angle Notation for various hydraulic stability angles.
Sa.Sp = Struc. Stab. Angle Notation for various structural stability angles.
I L = I ndirect line Line that runs from hydraulic pump to the end of the
transporter not connecting to any axle(green and orange
line)
LFP = Lower Fixed Part Lower part of aturntablethat is secured to thetransporter
deck
L
h
= Load height Height measured from top of transporter deck to top of
load
L, = Load length Length measured from extremefront to extremerear of
load
LV = Linevalve V alvethat allows or restricts theoil flow from thedirect
line(DL) to theindirect line(I L) and viceversa.
= Load width Width measured fromright extremeto left extremeof
load
P,,P
2
, = Point P,,P
2
, P, andP
4
P
3
. P4
Points indicating thehydraulic stability limit.
S|, Si , = Point S|, S
2
, S, and S
4
S
3
, S4
Points indicating thestructural stability limit.
Sa = Surfaceangle Angletheroad or other surfacemakes with thehorizon
S H S A = Safeangle Safehydraulic stability angle
S S S A = Safeangle Safestructural stability angle
S, = Shapefactor Factor that takes into account the shapeof an object when
determiningwind forces.
S, = End distance Distanceat timet
T H E A R T O F H E A V Y T R A N S P O R T
Page 411
S V
- S p l i t v al v e
Val v e t h at s p l i t s t h e d i r ec t l i n e ( DL ) an d r es t r i c t s t h e o i l
f l ow at t h at l o c at i o n
1
= T i me
T i me meas ur ed i n ap p l i c ab l e un i t s
T
h
- Tr an s p o r t er h ei gh t
Hei gh t meas ur ed f r o m gr ad e t o t o p o f t r an s p o r t er d ec k
T,
= Tr an s p o r t er l en gt h
L en gt h meas ur ed f r o m c en t er o f f r o n t c o u p l i n g ey e t o
c en t er o f r ear c o u p l i n g ey e
T
= Tr an s p o r t er wi d t h
Wi d t h meas ur ed f r o m r i gh t ex t r eme t o l ef t ex t r eme o f
t r an s p o r t er
URP
= Up p er Ro t at i n g Par t
Up p er p ar t o f a t u r n t ab l e t h at i s al l o wed t o r o t at e o n t h e
L o wer F i x ed Par t o f t h e t u r n t ab l e. Th e URP i s s ec ur ed t o
t h e l o ad .
V
0
= St ar t v el o c i t y
V el o c i t y at t i me 0
V, = En d v el o c i t y
V el o c i t y at t i me t
w = Wei gh t Wei gh t o f an i t em
w, = Wei gh t l o ad Wei gh t o f t h e l o ad
W
T
= Wei gh t t r an s p o r t er Wei gh t o f t h e t r an s p o r t er
w,
ot
= Wei gh t t o t al T o t al wei gh t o f mu l t i p l e o b j ec t s
W
a l o h a
= Wei gh t AL P H A Wei gh t o n s us p en s i o n gr o u p AL P H A
w
ra
,
= Wei gh t BRAV O Wei gh t o n s us p en s i o n gr o u p BRAV O
W c h a r l v
= Wei gh t CH ARL Y Wei gh t o n s us p en s i o n gr o u p CH ARL Y
W
d e l t a
= Wei gh t DEL T A Wei gh t o n s us p en s i o n gr o u p DEL T A
W
P
= Wi n d p r es s ur e Wi n d p r es s ur e ap p l i ed i n an y d i r ec t i o n
W
P
.
L
= Wi n d p r es s ur e L o n gi t u d i n al c o mp o n en t o f W
P
W p . T
= Wi n d p r es s ur e Tr an s v er s e c o mp o n en t o f W
P
T H E ART OF H EAV Y T RANS P ORT
Marco J. van Daa] has been in the heavy transport industry since 1993
starting with Mammoet Transport from the Netherlands and later with
Fagioli PSC fromItaly, both esteemed companies and leading authorities
in the industry. Hecurrently resides in Aruba, Dutch Caribbean, with his
wife and two daughters.
Hecan becontacted by e-mail at his compam
[email protected].
My association with Marco van Daal started in 1993 when hewas employed by Mammoet, we havekept a
closeprofessional and personal friendship ever since. When I need information on transportation, I turn to
Marco. His worldwide exposureand experiencehas led himto becomeone of the most knowledgeable
engineers on Hydraulic PlatformTransporters and SPMT's in our industry.
Kent Goodman
Director of Construction Technology
Fluor Daniel (retired)
Owner of www.maximumreach.com
The application of sound engineering principles, as detailed in Mr. van Daal's book, The Art of Heavy-
Transport, gives new and experienced professionals aliketheability to tackle theseproblems. This highly
specialized information, onceavailableto only a handful of specialists worldwide, is now accessibleto the
transport professional to assist in creating innovativesolutions to complex tasks.
Jeff Dacey, P.E.
Rigging Manager
Bantrel Constructors
Marco's great knowledge and valuable experienceled to transmit first level learning and best practices
that strongly contribute to strengthen the bases and techniques to performthe activities in a much safer
way and providea better serviceto our clients
Sergio Madero
Vice President
Mamut deColombia
Marco is a very experienced Heavy Transport and Heavy L i ft engineer with a highly professional attitude
towards safety, not only in terms of welfareof personnel but in thevery real aspect of security of lifts and
transports. He is a great advocateof knowledge sharing so that others benefit from his instruction and
example by the way he conducts himself in all matters of engineering and project management. Marco is
adept at organizing training sessions and seminars for all level of personnel, supplemented most admirably
by his authoring of this industry leading text book. He has earned his position as a well respected and
trusted engineer and I would not hesitateto recommend him.
John Jackson
Managing Director
Fagioli USA lnc
iniemalional