AJAY MOHAN and TAMILVANAN, MBA,

PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY,

PONDICHERRY
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

ROBBINS AND JUDGE

Direction

Intensity Persistence

“Always do what you are afraid to do."

- Ralph
 ABILITY

W
I
L IDEAL SITUATION NEEDS MOTIVATION
L
I
N
G
N
E NEEDS TRAINING TERMINATE
S
S

“Men are born to succeed, not

AJAY MOHAN and TAMILVANAN,
fail.” MBA, PONDICHERRY CENTRAL
-Henry
UNIVERSITY,David Thoreau
PONDICHERRY
 MOTIVATION PROCESS

NEED DRIVE ACTIONS

(DEPRIVATIO (TENSIONS OR (GOAL-DIRECTED
N) DRIVES TO FULLFIL BEHAVIOUR)
A NEED )

“Your life is in your hands, to make of it

what you choose”
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
Management Practices from
‘KAUTILYA’S ARTHASHASTRA’
(Written by CHANAKYA,
The world’s first Management
Guru)

THEORY OF MOTIVATION
Sama (counseling)
Dana (offering of gifts)
Danda (Punishments)
Bheda (creating a split)
“What you are is what you have been, and what you will be is
what you do now.” AJAY MOHAN and TAMILVANAN,
MBA, PONDICHERRY CENTRAL
UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY -Buddha
 THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
CONTENT THEORIES

– Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

– Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

– ERG Theory

– Frederick Herzberg’s Two- Factor Theory

– David C McClelland’s Theory of Needs

“If you don't risk anything, then you risk

even
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL more.”
UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

PROCESS THEORIES
– Victor H Vroom Expectancy Theory

– Equity Theory 

– Cognitive Evaluation Theory

– Self- Efficacy Theory

– Reinforcement Theory

“All that we are is the result of what we

have
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL thought.”
UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
 MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERR

“Our greatest glory is not in never failing but in rising up

everyCENTRAL
PONDICHERRY timeUNIVERSITY,
we fail”PONDICHERRY
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

NEED HOME JOB

SELF- Education, Religion, Training, Advancement,

ACTULISATION Hobbies, Personal growth Growth, Creativity

ESTEEM Approval of family, Recognition, High status,

Friends, Community Responsibilities

BELONGINGNESS Family, Friends, Clubs Teams, Departments,

Coworkers, Clients,
Supervisors, Subordinates
SAFETY Freedom from war, Work safety, job security,
poison, violence Health insurance

PHYSIOLOGICAL Food, Water, Sex Heat, Air, Basic salary

“Fortune favours the brave.”

-Publius Terence
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHE

“It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried

to succeed.”
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
-Theodore Roosevelt
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

“The future belongs to those who believe in the

beauty of their dreams.”
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY -Eleanor Roosevelt
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

“You must be the change you wish to

see in the world.”
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

MCCLELLAND’S THEORY OF NEEDS

NEED FOR NEED FOR

NEED FOR AFFILIATIO
ACHIEVEME
POWER N
NT

drive to excel To control others Friendship

Achieve in relation
to a set of To get desired Good relationship
standards things done
Strive to succeed
“You will never possess what you are unwilling
to pursue.”
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

“They can because they think

they can.”
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY -Virgil
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

Equity theory

“Our strength grows out of our weakness.”

PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
-Ralph Waldo Emerson
 Cognitive Evaluation PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHE

Theory

“The better part of happiness is to wish to be what

you
PONDICHERRY are.”
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

• Economists have found that offering to pay women for donating

blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and
that letting them contribute the payment to charity reverses the
effect.

•When six day-care centers in Haifa, Israel, began fining parents

for late pickups, the number of tardy parents doubled. The fine
seems to have reduced their ethical obligation to avoid
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

• Incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we’re being

self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they
can imply—sometimes wrongly—what motivates us.

• Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the
employer mistrusts the employee or is greedy. Close supervision
of workers coupled with pay for performance is textbook
economics—and a prescription for sullen employees.

“There are two rules for success: 1) Never tell

everything you know…”
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

GOAL SETTING

Effects on Person
Goals Directs attention
Specific & Difficult Energises Performance
Accepted Encourages persistency
New strategies developed

Feedback

“The secret of getting ahead is

getting
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, started”
PONDICHERRY
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

Implementing Goal Setting:

Management By Objectives
Specific Goals
Participatively Set
Explicit Time Frame
Feedback on Goal

“He who controls others may be powerful, but he who has mastered
himself isCENTRAL
PONDICHERRY mightier still.”
UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

VROOM’S EXPECTANCY
THEORY

Individual 1 Individual 2 Organizational

Effort Performance Rewards

1. Effort-Performance relationship = Expectancy

Personal
2. Performance-Rewards relationship = Instrumentality
Goals
3. Rewards-Personal goals relationship = Valence

“There is no such thing in anyone's life as an

unimportant day.”
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY -Alexander Woollcott
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

Self- Efficacy Theory

(social cognitive or social learning theory)

Vicariou Enactiv
s e
Modeling Master
y

Verbal Arousal
Persuasio
n

“No matter how hard the past, you can

always
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL beginPONDICHERRY
UNIVERSITY, again.”
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

Reinforcement Theory

CONSEQUENCE BEHAVIOU
R

“ BEHAVIOUR IS A FUNCTION OF ITS CONSEQUENCES”

“Do not seek to follow in the footsteps of the wise. Seek

what
PONDICHERRY they
CENTRAL sought.”
UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
 PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

“A day will never be anymore than what you make of it.”

PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY -Josh S. Hinds
 REFERENCE:
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY

Books :
Organizational Behavior
13th edition
-Stephen P. Robbins , Timothy A. Judge

Human Resource Management

text and cases – 5th edition
-K. Aswathappa

Web:

http://hbr.harvardbusiness.org/2009/03/when-economic-incentives-backfire/ar/
http://changingminds.org
http://www.google.com
http://www.netmba.com
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/index.html
http://tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_theory_maslow.asp
http://www.provenmodels.com/20/theory-x-&-y/douglas-mcgregor

http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/foundations_of_psychology/43811

http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/foundations_of_psychology/41616
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY, PONDICHERRY
AJAY MOHAN and TAMILVANAN, MBA,
PONDICHERRY CENTRAL UNIVERSITY,
PONDICHERRY