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762 views

States of Matter

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api-261462856
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chemistry

The Four States of Matter



1
States of Matter
What is matter?
2
Any substance that has mass and takes up
space.

Brian Pop Video
http://glencoe.mcgraw-
hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078600472/164155/0004468
2.html
The Four States of Matter

Four States
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
3
States of Matter
The Four States of Matter

Basis of Classification of the Four Types
particle arrangement
energy of particles
distance between particles
4
States of Matter
Solids
Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating
about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Particles move slowly.
5
States of Matter
Solids

Particle Movement Examples
6
States of Matter
Liquids
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough
apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Take shape of container. Ex. Juice in glass
Particles move more quickly.
7
States of Matter
Liquids

Particle Movement Examples
8
States of Matter
Gases
Particles of gases are very far apart and
move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an
indefinite volume.
Particles move very fast.
9
States of Matter
Gases

Particle Movement Examples
10
States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume
because the particles are locked into place

Solids are not easily compressible because there is little
free space between particles

Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot
move/slide past one another
11
States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids
Liquids have an indefinite shape because the particles can
slide past one another.

Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite
volume because there is little free space between particles.

Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past
one another.
12
States of Matter
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases

Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume
because the particles can move past one another.

Gases are easily compressible because there is a great deal
of free space between particles.

Gases flow very easily because the particles randomly move
past one another.
13
States of Matter
The Four States of Matter

The Classification and Properties of Matter Depend Upon
Microscopic Structure



Particle arrangement
Particle energy
Particle to particle distance
14
States of Matter
15
States of Matter Video
http://youtu.be/tEY0V8BD8K4
Phase Changes
16
When one phase changes to another.
Particles must change their kinetic energy,
how fast they are moving.
You can do this by adding or taking away
heat.
Phase Changes
Chumbler - Properties of Matter
17
solid liquid = melting
liquid solid = freezing
liquid gas = evaporation
gas liquid = condensation
solid gas = sublimation
Kinetic Theory of Matter
18
The atoms and molecules that make up
matter are in constant motion, and that
motion changes as the temperature changes.
Temperature
19
During a phase change the temperature of a substance
stays the same.



Physical Properties A characteristic of matter
that can be observed by using any of your senses. It
doesnt change the composition of the substance
Ex. Hardness, density, melting pt. /
boiling pt., State (solid, liquid, gas)
Size, shape, color, odor, taste
Examples of Physical Properties
21
Viscosity-resistance to flow
Conductivity-ability to allow heat to flow
Malleability-ability of solid to be hammared without
shattering
Hardness-scratch test
Melting and boiling points-temp. from solid to liquid
Density-ratio of mass to volume
22
Video showing difference between physical and chemical
properties.

http://youtu.be/6WjBM-ZgysQ

Separate Mixtures
23
Filtration-process that separates materials based on the size of
particles

Distillation-process that separates the substances in a solution
based on boiling points.

Physical Change- a change in which the form or
appearance of matter changes but not its composition
Ex. Shape crumpled paper
Dissolving Koolaid
Change in State
Chemical Changes
25
When substances react with each other and form one or
more new substances.
Tree leaves change color
Wood burning
Baking a cake
Chemical Properties
26
Flammability-ability to burn in presence of oxygen


Reactivity-how readily a substance combines with other
substances.
Evidence of Chemical Change
27
Change in color
Production of gas
Formation of a precipitate-any solid that forms and separates
from a liquid mixture.
Cottage cheese
Homogenous vs. Heterogeneous
Chumbler - Properties of Matter
28

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