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Paris' Law: C Is An Empirical Constant Known As The Fatigue Ductility Exponent, Commonly Ranging From 0.5

This document discusses several models for predicting fatigue crack growth and failure due to cyclic loading. It describes Paris' Law, which relates the crack growth rate to the stress intensity factor. It was later modified by Forman to account for mean stress. The Goodman relation can estimate failure conditions based on stress amplitude and mean stress. For high stresses that cause plastic deformation, the Coffin-Manson relation characterizes low-cycle fatigue based on plastic strain amplitude and empirical constants.

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43 views

Paris' Law: C Is An Empirical Constant Known As The Fatigue Ductility Exponent, Commonly Ranging From 0.5

This document discusses several models for predicting fatigue crack growth and failure due to cyclic loading. It describes Paris' Law, which relates the crack growth rate to the stress intensity factor. It was later modified by Forman to account for mean stress. The Goodman relation can estimate failure conditions based on stress amplitude and mean stress. For high stresses that cause plastic deformation, the Coffin-Manson relation characterizes low-cycle fatigue based on plastic strain amplitude and empirical constants.

Uploaded by

shah_aditk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Typicalfatiguecrackgrowthrate

graph
oftenusedesigncurves,adjustedtoaccountforscatter,tocalculateN
i
(S
i
).
Thereissometimesaneffectintheorderinwhichthereversalsoccur.Insomecircumstances,
cyclesoflowstressfollowedbyhighstresscausemoredamagethanwouldbepredictedbythe
rule.Itdoesnotconsidertheeffectofanoverloadorhighstresswhichmayresultina
compressiveresidualstressthatmayretardcrackgrowth.Highstressfollowedbylowstress
mayhavelessdamageduetothepresenceofcompressiveresidualstress.
2.
Paris'Law
InFracturemechanics,Anderson,GomezandParisderived
relationshipsforthestageIIcrackgrowthwithcyclesN,interms
ofthecyclicalcomponentKoftheStressIntensityFactorK
[12]
whereaisthecracklengthandmistypicallyintherange3to5
(formetals).
Thisrelationshipwaslatermodified(byForman,1967
[13]
)to
makebetterallowanceforthemeanstress,byintroducinga
factordependingon(1R)whereR=minstress/maxstress,in
thedenominator.
GoodmanRelation
Inthepresenceofasteadystresssuperimposedonthecyclicloading,theGoodmanrelationcanbe
usedtoestimateafailurecondition.Itplotsstressamplitudeagainstmeanstresswiththefatiguelimit
andtheultimatetensilestrengthofthematerialasthetwoextremes.Alternativefailurecriteria
includeSoderbergandGerber.
[14]
Wherethestressishighenoughforplasticdeformationtooccur,theaccountingoftheloadingin
termsofstressislessusefulandthestraininthematerialoffersasimplerandmoreaccurate
description.LowcyclefatigueisusuallycharacterisedbytheCoffinMansonrelation(published
independentlybyL.F.Coffinin1954andS.S.Manson1953):
where:

p
/2istheplasticstrainamplitude;

f
'isanempiricalconstantknownasthefatigueductilitycoefficient,thefailurestrainforasingle
reversal;
2Nisthenumberofreversalstofailure(Ncycles);
cisanempiricalconstantknownasthefatigueductilityexponent,commonlyrangingfrom0.5
to0.7formetalsintimeindependentfatigue.Slopescanbeconsiderablysteeperinthe
Fatigue(material)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(material)
6of15 9/17/201411:23AM

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