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Chapter 2: Compressible Flow: But Use R 287

This document covers topics in compressible flow and gas turbine cycles. It defines key concepts like enthalpy, stagnation properties, speed of sound and Mach number. It discusses isentropic flow and how properties vary with Mach number. It also covers gas turbine cycle components like compression and turbine work, heat input, efficiency definitions and specific fuel consumption. Thrust calculations for jet engines are presented along with definitions of bypass ratio and fuel-air ratio.

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MikeMichael
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45 views

Chapter 2: Compressible Flow: But Use R 287

This document covers topics in compressible flow and gas turbine cycles. It defines key concepts like enthalpy, stagnation properties, speed of sound and Mach number. It discusses isentropic flow and how properties vary with Mach number. It also covers gas turbine cycle components like compression and turbine work, heat input, efficiency definitions and specific fuel consumption. Thrust calculations for jet engines are presented along with definitions of bypass ratio and fuel-air ratio.

Uploaded by

MikeMichael
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2 : Compressible Flow

Enthalpy : h= U+ PV
Stagnation enthalpy:


Stagnation temperature :
v
2
/ 2C
p
is the temperature rise & called dynamic temperature, always
multiply 2*C
p
by 1000 for conversion

Stagnation pressure


Stagnation density


Speed of sound
R = 0.287 but use R= 287 due to conversion

Mach number


Mach Number State
=1 Sonic
<1 Subsonic
>1 Supersonic
>>1 Hypersonic

Transonic





Isentropic Flow of Ideal gas






When Ma= 1, those ratios are called critical:



When converging nozzle with Ma=1


When Pb/P0 > P*/P0 Pe = Pb & flow is unchecked
When Pb/P0 < P*/P0 Pe = Pb & flow is chocked
Chapter 3 : GT cycles


Compression work: CW= wCp( T2-T1)
Turbine work : TW = wCp ( T3- T4 )
Heat input: HI= wCp ( T3-T2)
Useful work: UW= TW CW
Shaft work : SW= UW/w
o SW = 0 when,
T2=T1 // No compression
T2=T3 // No heating
Thermal efficiency :
th
= UW/ HI = 1 T1/T2

Isentropic relations


Isentropic efficiency --- Compressor


Isentropic efficiency ---- Turbine


Poly-tropic Efficiency ---- Compressor


Poly-tropic efficiency ---- Turbine


Combustion efficiency

(T3-T2) is the temperature rise that would have taken place had all the fuel been burnt


where F is the actual fuel flow and F is the fuel that would have achieved the temperature rise if it had been all
burnt




Specific fuel consumption

Useful power= F
N
; FFR = T ( combustion chamber+ reheat)



Jet Engine Thrust
If chocked:

2
nd
part = 0 if nozzle is unchecked






BPR= bypass mass flow rate / core mass flow rate


FFR= HI/FCV
FCV= 43 MJ/Kg

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