Operating Instructions

Reactive Power Control Relay RM 2106/12

2


3

Safety and warning notices

!!! Important !!!
Read this before commissioning!!!

The operating instructions should be read carefully before the
device is assembled, installed and put into operation.
Installation and commissioning should only be carried out by
appropriate specialists in accordance with existing regula-
tions and provisions.
The operator must ensure that all operatives are familiar with
these operating instructions and proceed accordingly.
The device conducts mains voltage and should not be
opened.
If the device is obviously damaged, it should not be installed,
connected or commissioned.
If the device does not work after commissioning, it should be
disconnected from the mains again.
Any other laws, standards, guidelines, etc. regarding this
product must be observed.
The commissioning and safety information for the power factor
correction system should also be observed.


4

Figure 1: Front view

a Display for active capacitor stages
b Display for inductive or capacitive
operating status
c Digital display
d LED indicates regenerative power
e Display for current or historical
alarms

f LED lights up in setup mode
g LED lights up in manual mode
h Multifunctional button
(see operating instructions)
i Selection key for manual mode,
setup mode or automatic mode


5

Figure 2: Rear view

j Connection for the current trans-
former
k Optional connector for improved
measurement of harmonic wave
l Connector for power supply to the
control relay
m Connectors for the control contacts
that switch the contactors. The
shared pole is connected to terminal
L.
n Typical connection


6
Contents Page Page
1. Introduction .................................7
1.1 How to use
these operating instructions ...........7
1.2 Scope of functions .........................7
2. Installation and connection.........8
2.1 Installation .....................................8
2.2 Voltage connection........................8
2.3 Current transformer connection .....8
2.4 Meas measuring
voltage connection.........................9
2.5 Switching contacts.........................9
2.6 Alarm contact ................................9
2.7 Standard connection....................10
2.8 Extended connection ...................11
2.9 Connection with
voltage transformer......................12
2.10 Connection in special cases ........13
3. Start-up ......................................14
3.1 Initial start-up...............................14
3.2 Subsequent start-up ....................15
4. Control relay setup....................16
4.1 Target power factor setting .. -1- ...17
4.2 Overcurrent switch off .......... -2- ...19
4.3 Relay 6 as alarm relay ......... -3- ...19
4.4 Automatic response
current identification............. -4- ...20
4.5 Response current ................ -5- ...20
4.6 Relative value
of the switch outputs............ -6- ...22
4.7 Service................................ -7- ...22
5. Functioning and operation....... 23
5.1 Automatic control mode .............. 23
5.2 Displaying the
total harmonic distortion factor .... 23
5.3 Check System ............................ 23
5.4 Manual mode.............................. 24
6. Alarms and troubleshooting .... 25
6.1 Connection errors ....................... 25
6.1.1 E3 - No capacitors ................. 25
6.1.2 E1 - Defect capacitor stages .. 25
6.1.3 E2 - Incorrect connection ....... 25
6.1.4 I = 0 - No current in current path25
6.2 Connection messages ................ 26
6.2.1 A2 - Incorrect connection
that can be corrected
internally......................... 26
6.2.2 A1 - Relative value of the
switch output .................. 26
6.3 Alarms in automatic control
operation .................................... 26
6.3.1 E4 - Harmonic overcurrent
in the capacitor ............... 26
6.3.2 E5 - Target power factor
not reached .................... 27
6.3.3 E1 - Defect capacitor stages .. 27
6.3.4 U = 0 - No measuring voltage..... 27
6.3.5 I = 0 - No measuring current ..... 27
6.4 Other errors ................................ 27
6.5 Troubleshooting.......................... 28
7. Technical data........................... 29

7
1. Introduction
The reactive power control relay RM
2112 and RM 2106 respectively is capa-
ble of measuring the reactive power and
active power of the connected mains
network. Working in conjunction with a
power factor correction system, the de-
vice controls the programmed target
power factor by activating or deactivating
capacitors.

1.1 How to use these operating in-
structions

Important:

It is essential that you read section 2
Installation and connection and
section 3 Start-up before installing
the control relay.
The functions of the control relay are also
described in brief in section 1.2 Scope
of functions.
The setting options for the control relay
are described in section 4 Control re-
lay setup.
Section 5 Functioning and operation
explains how the control relay works and
how to operate it.
Section 6 Alarms and troubleshoot-
ing describes alarms and error mes-
sages of the control relay. Troubleshooting
information is also provided there.
1.2 Scope of functions
Below is a brief overview of the various
functions of the device:
12 switching contacts at RM 2112 and
6 switching contacts at RM 2106
Power factor display
Total harmonic distortion factor display
(voltage thd)
Semi-automatic connection detection
Automatic detection of the capacitor
stages
Comprehensive connection analysis
Patented characteristic avoiding over-
compensation for low active power
Four-quadrant regulation
Cyclic switching of all capacitor stages
of the same capacity
Reactive power requirement-
dependent switching delay time
Optional monitoring of the harmonic
overcurrent in the capacitor
Deactivation at zero voltage or zero
current
Alarm signals for:
- failure to reach the target power fac-
tor
- overcurrent in the capacitor
- defects at capacitor stages


8
2. Installation and connection
The reactive power control relay
RM 2112 and RM 2106 respectively can
be connected in a number of different
ways. The main connection methods are
described below.
Important information:

The control relay should be discon-
nected from the mains during
installation.

2.1 Installation
The reactive power control relay is in-
stalled from the front in a control panel
space measuring 138 x 138mm and is
fixed in place using the mounting screws
of the front panel.
As accessories (protection kit; see
section 8) insulated fixing screws are
available. These can be used to install
the control relay into switchgear cabinets
and cubicles of protective class II. Also a
sealing ring is part of the protection kit,
which must be used when installing the
control relay in switchgear cabinets and
cubicles of protection class IP 54.
The pre-assembled fixing clamps ensure
speedy and secure assembly. The elec-
trical connection is created by means of
plug-in connectors which are also in-
cluded in the delivery.
2.2 Voltage connection
Reactive power control relay obtains its
voltage supply via terminals L and N
(see figure 2, item l).
A phase conductor is to be connected to
terminal L and neutral conductor to ter-
minal N. For advanced connection
variations see sections 2.7 to 2.10.
Important information:

The reactive power control relay is
designed for voltage supplies of up to
240VAC.
The connections for the supply volt-
age are to be fused externally with 4A
max.
In the case of mains networks that do not
facilitate voltage tapping in the 220VAC
to 240VAC range (either phase/phase or
phase/neutral), a voltage transformer
must be used for the power supply for the
control relay. (See section 2.9 )

2.3 Current transformer connection
Outputs S1 and S2 of the current trans-
former are connected to terminals S1 and
S2 (Figure 2, item j) of the control relay.
To keep the load of the current trans-
former as low as possible, the feed lines
should have a adequate cross section.

9

It is permissible for connector S1 or S2 of
the current transformer to be grounded.
Caution:

The nominal current in the current
transformer path may not exceed 5 A.
Note:
After connection it is necessary to re-
move the short-circuit jumper on the cur-
rent transformer, if present.

2.4 Meas measuring voltage con-
nection
This connection can be used to switch
the control relay to a different measuring
procedure for monitoring overcurrent
(see section 2.8 ).
This terminal Meas (Figure 2, item k)
is not used in the standard connection.
Important information:

The nominal voltage between the
Meas and N connectors may not
exceed 240 VAC. The voltage between
the Meas and L connectors may
not exceed 420 VAC.
If Meas is connected directly to a
phase conductor, then this is to be
secured externally with a maximum
of 4 A.
2.5 Switching contacts
The shared pole of all switching contacts
(Figure 2, item m) is connected to ter-
minal L of the voltage supply.
Important information:

The outputs of the switching contacts
do not have floating potential.
When the switching contacts are
switched, the same voltage is applied as
is used to supply voltage to the control
relay (connection L).
The contactor relays of the capacitor
stages are operated (supplied) via the
switching contacts of the control relay.

2.6 Alarm contact
Switching contact 12 at RM 2112 (switch-
ing contact 6 at RM 2106) can be used
either as a control output for a capacitor
stage or as an alarm contact. The rele-
vant selection is made in setup mode
under -3-.
In the event of an alarm, switching con-
tact 6 is closed.
It should be noted that, even when oper-
ating as an alarm contact, this switching
contact continues to have potential bind-
ing to the supply voltage of the control
relay. If a floating potential contact is re-
quired, use an additional contactor relay.

10


Figure 3: Single phase connection

2.7 Single phase connection
The connection diagram above shows
the same connection as the one printed
on the back of the control relay.
The voltage signal for power factor meas-
urement is received in parallel with the
voltage supply. The terminal Meas is
not in use.
In this connection variant, only the 5th,
7th, 11th and 13th harmonics of the volt-
age are used to calculate the harmonic
overcurrent in the capacitor.


This connection variant can be chosen if
the above-mentioned harmonics are suf-
ficient for monitoring overcurrent or if
overcurrent monitoring has been com-
pletely switched off (setup code -2-).
(see section 4.2)
Current transformer and terminal L
should be attached to the same phase
conductor: Either L1, L2 or L3.



RM2112 / 06

11


Figure 4: Extended connection

2.8 Extended connection
This type of connection offers a more
precise measuring procedure for the
overcurrent in the capacitor.
In this case, the terminal Meas is at-
tached to another phase conductor of the
AC mains network. The voltage signal for
the internal measurements is tapped be-
tween terminal L and terminal Meas.
Because the voltage signal is recorded
between two phase conductors to which
the capacitors are also connected, the

dU/dt measuring procedure can be used
for calculating the overcurrent.
This means that all frequencies up to the
31st harmonic are taken into account
calculating harmonic overcurrent in the
capacitor(see also section 4.2).
The total harmonic distortion factor of the
voltage (thd) is also measured between
the phase conductors in this type of con-
nection.
RM2112 / 06

12

Figure 5: Connection with control transformer

2.9 Connection with voltage
transformer
The connection diagram above shows
how the control relay is connected
together with a control transformer.
Important information:

The control voltage of the transformer
may not exceed 240VAC.
If the voltage signal is tapped by the con-
trol transformer between two phase


conductors, connection must be as
shown in the diagram. The measuring
procedure then is similar to that for the
extended connection (see section 2.8).
If the control transformer taps the voltage
signal between a phase conductor and
neutral, the terminal Meas must remain
unused.

RM2112 / 06

13


Figure 6: Connection in special cases

2.10 Connection in special cases
The type of connection shown above
should be used if the voltage between
the phase conductors does not exceed
240VAC.
The following general principles apply:
If the terminal Meas remains unused,
the voltage for terminals L and N must
be connected to a phase conductor and
to the neutral conductor.
If the terminal Meas is used, the voltage
for terminals Meas and L must be
connected each to a phase conductor.


For all types of connections (figure 3 to 6)
it is also possible to connect the current
transformer in phase conductors L2 or
L3. In this case, the voltage connections
to the phase conductors should be ex-
changed accordingly.
If the control relay operates with auto-
matic response current recognition, con-
nection errors would be reported.
If response current recognition is deacti-
vated, then an error in the connection will
lead to functional errors during subse-
quent operation.
RM2112 / 06

14
3. Start-up
After installation has been carried out as
described in section 2, the control relay
can be started.
Important information:

Make sure that the connector termi-
nals of the control relay are no longer
accessible (e.g. by means of a locked
door or a cover hood).

3.1 Initial start-up
During initial start-up the control relay
attempts to determine the type of con-
nection and the size of the stages. After
about 5 seconds, --- appears on the
display (figure 1, item c). The stages are
switched on and off in succession. This
can take up to 15 minutes.
Important:

If the control relay does not behave as
described above, the device should be
switched off and the installation
should be checked.
It may be that the device has already
been used and behaves as described in
section 3.2.
If the measuring process is not complete
after 15 minutes, then an error has
probably occurred.

Important information:

The device should always be switched
off before carrying out wiring or
installation activities.
(For help in troubleshooting see
section 6.)

Note:
The control relay needs to be con-
nected to at least one capacitor stage
to switch in order to determine the
type of connection.
Make sure that both the control circuit
and at least one capacitor stage are
fully functional.

It is also possible to abort the measuring
procedure by switching off the automatic
connection and responce current identifi-
cation. This takes place in setup mode
-4- and simultaneously requires the man-
ual programming of the stage parameters
(see section 4.4)
After measurement the control relay indi-
cates the results it has determined on the
display (c).
Flashing messages that begin with E
(e.g. E2), indicate an error. Message
I=0 also indicates an error after initial
start-up.

15
In such cases the entire control system is
to be switched off and the error must be
eliminated.
(For troubleshooting see section 6.)
In some circumstances the control relay
displays the message A2 after identifi-
cation of the connection type. This
means that there are deviations from the
types of connection shown that do not
restrict the control process.
This message is acknowledged auto-
matically after about 30 seconds or can
be acknowledged by pressing any key.
The control relay always displays A1
after identification of the connection type.
A stage indicator (a) also flashes. The
value displayed alternately with A1 in
the display is the determined value for
the indicated stage (switching contact).
This message is acknowledged auto-
matically for each stage after about 15
seconds or can be acknowledged earlier
by pressing any key.
When all messages have been acknow-
ledged, the control relay begins the auto-
matic regulating process. The current
power factor appears on the display.
If the power factor displayed does not
correspond to the actual power factor,
the identification of the connection must
be repeated. This is activated by press-
ing the Select and Voltage thd keys
simultaneously for at least 3 seconds
(check system).
3.2 Subsequent start-up
The control relay begins with its normal
regulatory program immediately after a
power failure.
If the Select and Voltage thd keys
are pressed simultaneously for at least 3
seconds (check system), then the control
relay carries out connection identification
again. It then behaves in the same way
as in the initial start-up (see section 3.1).
This requires that automatic connection
identification should be activated.
( setup mode -4-; see section 4.4)

The programmed control parameters are
stored in a non-volatile memory and can
be altered as necessary. (see chapter 4)

3.3 Maintenance
With maintenance of the power factor
correction system, also the function of
the control relay should be checked.
The control relay may be cleaned only
with a dry cloth.
Important information:

The control relay should be discon-
nected from the mains while cleaning
the back of the control relay.

16
4. Control relay setup
A wide range of setting options are pro-
vided to enable the reactive power con-
trol relay to be used in the widest possi-
ble way. To simplify matters the control
relay is set to standard values in the fac-
tory (see table 1 below).


This means that the user mostly only
needs to change the target power factor.
The setup mode can be reached from
any of the control relays operating
modes.


Setup
code
Significance
Standard
values
Setting range
-1- Target power factor ind 1.00
From inductive o,85 to o,99 and
from inductive 0.85 to 1.00
in steps of 0.01
-2-
Maximum harmonic over-
current until the alarm is
activated
1.30
From 1.05 times to 1.95 times the
fundamental wave current or OFF
in steps of 0.05
-3-
-Alarm output on contact 6
and contact 12 respectively
-switch on or off alarm E5
OFF
no alarm
E5
OFF or On
with or without alarm E5
(see section 4.3)
-4-
Automatic determination of
response current
On OFF or On
-5-
Manual setting of
response current
2.00
from 0.02 to 2
in steps of 0.01
-6- Relative value of the stage
1.0 for each
switch
output
Optional for each switch
output the value 0 to 16
in steps of 1.0
-7- Service: ---
Measuring (only the fundamental
frequency components):
- Active current
- Reactive current
- Apparent current

Table 1: Programmable values

17

The procedure for checking or repro-
gramming the setting values is as fol-
lows:

Press the Select(i) key to switch to
setup mode (approx. 6 seconds) until
the Setup ModeLED (f) lights up.
-1- then appears on the display. This
number (setup code) shows which vari-
able is displayed and/or changed (see
Table 1).
The current setting alternates with the
setup code on the display.
By pressing Voltage thd key (h) it is
possible to switch to the next highest
setting value. The highest setting value
is followed by the lowest setting value
again.
Pressing the Select key briefly
switches to the next setup code (see
Table 1). the setting value displayed
can also be changed as described
above.
The control relay returns to automatic
regulatory mode if the Select key is
held down (approx. 3 seconds).
Note:
During setup mode, no controlling
activities are carried out by the control
relay.

If no key is pressed for about 15 minutes,
setup mode is quit automatically.

4.1 Target power factor setting -1-
The required target power factor can be
set between 1.00 and ind. 0.85 in steps
of 0.01.
This for example results in the following
control characteristic for a target power
factor of 1.00:
Active power
Reactive power
2
3
-2
-3
ind
cap
Regenerative power
Activation
Deactivation
The scale spacing corresponds to
0,65 * smallest stage power

Figure 7: Target power factor 1.00
In this setting the control relay attempts
to minimize reactive power irrespective of
active power.
The control relay creates a tolerance
band (or control band) around its target
(in this case the target is to permit no
reactive power). If the operating point is
within the control band, then the control

18

relay will not carry out any further
switching.
For a target power factor of 1.00 this
means that the permitted reactive power
may not exceed 0.65 times the lowest
capacitor stage.
If, on the other hand, the work point is
outside of the control band, the control
relay will attempt to reach the control
band with the smallest possible number
of switchings by means of specific activa-
tion and deactivation procedures.
3
Reactive power
4
-1
ind
cap
Regenerative power
Activation
Deactivation
The scale spacing corresponds to
0,65 * smallest stage power
Active power
-2
-3

Figure 8: Target power factor 0.92

In addition to the target power factor set-
ting 1.00, the control relay can also be
set to a target power factor between 0.85
and 0.99. A distinction is made here be-
tween two different control bands. The
control bands are distinguished by a

large or small zero preceding the decimal
point in the target power factor input.
The type of control band shown in figure
8 can be achieved by means of a large
zero preceding the decimal point of the
target power factor setting.
The target power factor forms the upper
limit of the control band. The control relay
always attempts to obtain a better power
factor.
However, the control band levels off at
low values of active power in order to
avoid overcompensation.
For regenerative power (active power
supplied to the mains) the control band
stays leveled off for regenerative power.

1
Reactive power
2
-2 -3
ind
cap
Regenerative power
Activation
Deactivation
The scale spacing corresponds to
0,65 * smallest stage power
Active power

Figure 9: Target power factor o.92

19

If generators are active in mains parallel
mode, even small amounts of inductive
reactive powers are unwanted in the
mode of regenerative power.
In such cases the target power factor
should be set with a small zero preceding
the decimal point (see Figure 9).
The target power factor always forms the
upper limit of the control band. However,
a capacitive power factor in this case is
prefered to even small amounts of induc-
tive reactive power. So the control band
is completely within the capacitive range
for the mode of regenerative power.

4.2 Overcurrent switch off -2-
The control relay is capable of calculating
the ratio between the rms current and the
fundamental wave current (50 - 60 Hz) in
the capacitor. This is achieved using the
curve of the voltage signal.
If the set value of this ratio is exceeded
for at least one minute due to harmonic
oscillations and resulting resonance-
related amplifications, then the control
relay switches off all activated stages. An
alarm signal is emitted at the same time.
After the overcurrent falls below the limit-
ing value, the control relay begins to acti-
vate the stages again after waiting about
5 minutes.

Note:
This function should be set to OFF
when choked capacitor stages are
used.


4.3 Switching contact as
alarm contact -3-
Contact 6 of the RM 2106 device or con-
tact 12 of the RM 2112 device can be
used to issue alarm signals.
If this menu item is set to On, then every
alarm displayed by the alarm LED will
also cause contact 6 or 12 to close.
Important information:

All contact outputs dont have floating
potential.
If a floating potential contact is
required, use an additional contactor
relay.

Historical alarms (alarms that are not
pending at present) are not reported at
the alarm contact.

In addition, at setup code -3- the alarm
"Target power factor not reached" E5 can
be permitted or suppressed. If the ind
LED lights up the alarm is permitted. Oth-
erwise the alarm is suppressed.



20
4.4 Automatic response current
identification -4-
If set to On the control relay operates
with the response current determined at
initial start-up and the values determined
for the switch outputs. These values can
be read under points -5- and -6- .

If set to Off the response current (setup
code -5-) and the value of the switch
outputs (-6-) must be programmed manu-
ally.
This setting is to be selected if the low
voltage network is fed by several trans-
formers switched in parallel.
Important:

If OFF is set, connection must be as
shown in connection diagrams 3, 4, 5
or 6. Deviations are not signalled and
are not corrected automatically.

4.5 Response current -5-
The response current describes the width
of the control band (see figures 7 to 9).
The greater the value, the broader the
control band.
When automatic response current identi-
fication is switched on (-4-), the response
current is adapted to the connected
power factor correction system to opti-
mum effect. The response current


determined can be read under setup
code -5- but cannot be altered.
When automatic response current identi-
fication is switched off (-4-), the response
current can be set between 0.02 and 2 A
in steps of 0.01 A.
The correct setting for 400 VAC mains
voltage and current transformer with 5 A
secondary voltage can be found in
Table 2.
For other mains currents or current
transformers with unlisted primary or
secondary current, the response current
can be calculated according to the
following formula:

Formula 1:
I
Q V k
U k
V
Q k
U k
A
u
i
u
i
=

0 65
400
3
150
2 2
,

I
A
= Response current to be set in A
Q = Capacitor stage rating of the lowest
stage in var
(not the overall power of the system)
U = Mains voltage in V (phase to phase)
k
i
= Current transformer ratio
(primary/ secondary current)
k
u
= Voltage transformer ratio
(primary/ secondary voltage)
(if any)

21

Response current-setting 400 VAC mains voltage
Current- Step size (= Rating of smallest stage kvar)
transformer
A /A 2,5 5 6,25 7,5 10 12,5 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 100
30 /5 0,40 0,80 0,98 1,20 1,60
40 /5 0,30 0,60 0,74 0,90 1,20 1,50
50 /5 0,24 0,48 0,59 0,72 0,96 1,20 1,44
60 /5 0,20 0,40 0,49 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 1,60
75 /5 0,16 0,32 0,39 0,48 0,64 0,80 0,96 1,28 1,60 1,92
100 /5 0,12 0,24 0,30 0,36 0,48 0,60 0,72 0,96 1,20 1,44 1,92
150 /5 0,08 0,16 0,20 0,24 0,32 0,40 0,48 0,64 0,80 0,96 1,28 1,60 1,92
200 /5 0,06 0,12 0,15 0,18 0,24 0,30 0,36 0,48 0,60 0,72 0,96 1,20 1,44
250 /5 0,05 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,19 0,24 0,29 0,38 0,48 0,58 0,77 0,96 1,15 1,92
300 /5 0,04 0,08 0,10 0,12 0,16 0,20 0,24 0,32 0,40 0,48 0,64 0,80 0,96 1,60
400 /5 0,03 0,06 0,08 0,09 0,12 0,15 0,18 0,24 0,30 0,36 0,48 0,60 0,72 1,20
500 /5 0,02 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,19 0,24 0,29 0,38 0,48 0,58 0,96
600 /5 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,08 0,10 0,12 0,16 0,20 0,24 0,32 0,40 0,48 0,80
750 /5 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,08 0,10 0,13 0,16 0,19 0,26 0,32 0,38 0,64
1000 /5 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,19 0,24 0,29 0,48
1500 /5 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,08 0,10 0,13 0,16 0,19 0,32
2000 /5

0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,24
2500 /5

0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,08 0,10 0,12 0,19
3000 /5

0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,08 0,10 0,16
4000 /5

0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,12
5000 /5

0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,10
6000 /5

0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,08

Table 2: Response current setting with 400 VAC mains voltage
If the step size, current transformer or nominal voltage of the power factor correction
system do not match the values in the table, then the formula 1 on page 20 must be
used to calculate the response current.

22
4.6 Relative value of the switch
outputs -6-
These values refer to the relative stage
ratings.
Example:
A system has the following stages:
Stage rating Relative value
6.2 kvar => 1.0
6.2 kvar => 1.0
12.5 kvar => 2.0
25 kvar => 4.0
25 kvar => 4.0
0 kvar => 0.0

Note:
To assure correct operation of the reac-
tive VA control system the following con-
ditions must be taken into account when
choosing stage ratings:
If all possible switching combinations are
sorted according to reactive power (ca-
pacity), then the power difference be-
tween two consecutive combinations may
not be more than 1.2 times the smallest
stage power.
When automatic response current identi-
fication is switched on (-4-), the relative
value is automatically determined by the
control relay. This can be read under
setup code -6- but not altered.
When automatic response current identi-
fication is switched off (-4-), the relative
value of the switch outputs must be pro-
grammed manually.


The flashing LED in the stage display (a)
indicate the switch output to which the
relative value refers. Pressing the Se-
lectkey (i) briefly allows you to skip to
the next relative value.
The switch outputs with the lowest ca-
pacity are assigned relative value 1.0.
The relative values for the bigger stages
are calculated as follows:

Formula 2:
Relative value
Stage power
Smallest stage power
=

Free switch outputs are assigned relative
value 0.0. Only whole numbers can be
entered as factors.

4.7 Service -7-
The fundamental wave currents presently
flowing in the current path (j) of the con-
trol relay and be displayed under this
point.
The display for inductive or capacitive
operating status (b) can be used to de-
termine which current is displayed.
ind. and cap. off => active current
ind. or cap. off => reactive current
ind. and cap. on => apparent current

23
5. Functioning and operation
The control relay runs completely auto-
matically after it has been connected and
started. The current power factor appears
in the digital display (c). The ind and cap
LEDs (b) show whether the network is
loaded with capacitive or inductive reac-
tive power.
At the same time, the stage indicator (a)
shows the switched capacitor stages.

5.1 Automatic control mode
In automatic control mode the control
relay constantly measures the current
power factor in the network and com-
pares this with the target power factor. If
deviations are identified that are in ex-
cess of the tolerance range (control
band), the required target power factor is
restored by activating or deactivating
specific capacitor stages within the con-
trol relay delay time and in accordance
with the capacitor discharge time.
The control relay delay time is adapted to
the size of the deviation. The greater the
deviation, the shorter the reaction time. In
contrast, the capacitor discharge time is
fixed at one minute.
In addition, the control relay monitors the
overcurrent in the capacitors and checks
whether the connected capacitor power
is sufficient for compensation. If auto-
maticresponse current identification is


activated, the control relay also checks
the power of the capacitors connected.
The control relay issues an alarm in the
event of an error. (see section 6)

5.2 Displaying the total harmonic dis-
tortion factor
If the control relay is in automatic control
relay mode and if no historical or current
alarm is pending, then pressing the Volt-
age thd key (h) will display the current
total harmonic distortion factor (thd) of
the voltage in %.

5.3 Check System
Simultaneously pressing Voltage
thd(h) and Select(i) displays the cur-
rent relative value of stage 1. The value
displayed alternately with A1 in the dis-
play (see section 6.2.2). It is acknowl-
edged automatically for each stage after
about 15 seconds or can be acknowl-
edged earlier by pressing any key.
Simultaneously pressing Voltage
thd(h) and Select(i) for about 3 sec-
onds brings the control relay into check
system mode.
If automatic response current identifica-
tion (setup code -4-) is activated, then the
control relay behaves as described in
section 3.1 Initial start-up.

24

Note:
The check system mode defines the
present stage ratings as reference val-
ues for subsequent stage rating
checking.
(see section 3)

5.4 Manual mode
Pressing Select (i) for more than 3 sec-
onds switches the control relay to manual
mode. The Manual Mode LED (g)
lights up.
The Voltage thd key (h) can now be
used to select a switching output. The
flashing LED in the stage indicator (a)
shows which switching output is pres-
ently selected.
After a waiting period of about 10 sec-
onds the switching status of the selected
switch output is inverted. After switching
the control relay remains in manual
mode.
To quit manual mode, press the Select
key (i) for over 6 seconds until neither the
Manual Mode LED (g) nor the Setup
Mode LED (f) lights up.

Note:
No automatic switching activities are
carried out in manual mode. Manual
mode does not terminate automati-
cally.
Alarm signals E4 and E5 are also gener-
ated in manual mode, but do not lead to
any switching activities.
An exception to this is the alarm contact
when alarm output is activated on contact
6 of the RM 2106 device or contact 12 of
the RM 2112 device (setup code -3-).



















25
6. Alarms and troubleshooting
The control relay has a number of ways
of identifying connection errors and func-
tional errors.

6.1 Connection errors
If automatic response current identifica-
tion has been activated on the control
relay (setup code -4-), the control relay
can identify the following errors after ini-
tial start-up or check system proce-
dure.
In all cases the connection of the power
factor correction system and the wiring of
the control relay are to be checked(see
connection diagrams 3 to 6).

6.1.1 E3 - No capacitors
This error message appears when the
control relay was able to measure a cur-
rent, but was unable to detect a change
in current when switching the capacitor
stages.
This can have the following causes:
control contacts (contactors) are not
connected or are not working correctly
the fuses of the capacitor stages have
not been installed
the current transformer is not located
between power supply and loads (in-
cluding PFC) (see connection dia-
grams 3 to 6).
6.1.2 E1 - Defect capacitor stages
Possible causes:
individual capacitor stages only have
2-phase connections to the mains
the defect capacitor stages do not
draw a symmetrical current from the
3 phases

6.1.3 E2 - Incorrect connection
Possible causes:
the entire power factor correction sys-
tem or all capacitors have only been
connected in 2-phase connections
the Meas terminal is unused and 2
phase conductors are connected be-
tween terminal N and L
the Meas terminal is connected to
the neutral conductor
the L terminal is connected to the
neutral conductor

6.1.4 I = 0 - No current in current path
It was not possible to measure a current
of more than 20 mA in the current path
when capacitor stages were either acti-
vated or deactivated.
Possible causes:
fault in the current transformer
connection
the current transformer is located in
the wrong place
the current transformer ratio is too high

26
6.2 Connection messages
In addition to the error messages, the
control relay also displays the results of
its automatic connection recognition.
Messages A1 and A2 can be acknowl-
edged by pressing any key or are auto-
matically acknowledged after a waiting
period of about 30 seconds.

6.2.1 A2 - Incorrect connection that
can be corrected internally
The connection has not been made in
accordance with connection diagrams 3
to 6. However, the problem has been
recognised as a simple confusion in the
phase conductors or in the connection of
the current transformer. The control relay
can continue to operate with this
connection.

6.2.2 A1 - Relative value of the
switch output
The value for the relevant switch output
is displayed while message A1 appears
on the display. Switch outputs at which
little or no capacitor rating has been
recognised are assigned switching
sequence factor 0.0. The user should
check whether the values displayed cor-
respond to the connected capacitor
stage. The connection must be checked
if deviations are extreme. The switching
sequence determined is also stored in
the setup mode (-6-).
6.3 Alarms in automatic control
operation
The Alarm LED (e) lights up for as long
as an alarm is active. If alarm output was
activated on contact 6 of the RM 2106
device or contact 12 of the RM 2112
device (setup code -3-), this contact also
closes. If the alarm status has ended, the
Alarm LED turns off and the alarm con-
tact opens again if in use. The message
continues to flash on the display. Press-
ing the Voltage thd key (h) enables the
cause of the alarm to be read out and the
alarm to be acknowledged during or after
the alarm .

6.3.1 E4 - Harmonic overcurrent in
the capacitor
The control relay issues this alarm if the
programmed limiting value for the har-
monic overcurrent (setup code -2-) is
exceeded for more than 1 minute. All ac-
tivated capacitor stages are deactivated.
After the overcurrent falls below the limit-
ing value, the control relay begins to acti-
vate the stages again after waiting about
5 minutes. The maximum overcurrent
factor (I
eff
./I
50/60Hz
) is recorded as the
cause of the alarm.





27
6.3.2 E5 - Target power factor not
reached
If the operating point of the control relay
is above the control band (see section
4.1) and if all available capacitor stages
have already been activated, the control
relay issues error message E5 after a
delay. The lowest measured power factor
during the alarm is recorded as the cause
of the alarm.
This alarm can be suppressed at setup
code -3-. ( see section 4.3 )

6.3.3 E1 - Defect capacitor stages
After initial start-up or check system
procedure, the determined stage ratings
are stored in a non-volatile memory (only
when automatic response current identi-
fication is active; setup code -4-).
If the control relay detects a drop in stage
rating during operation of more than 20%
or there is an extremely asymmetrical
current in the three phases of a capacitor
stage, it registers these stages as defect.
The defect stages can be read out as the
cause of the alarm.
Note:
This function only works if automatic
response current identification is
active.
6.3.4 U = 0 - No measuring voltage
This message indicates that the control
relay with connected Meas terminal has
been put into operation, however no volt-
age can be measured at this input at pre-
sent.
It is not possible to read the cause of the
alarm. Likewise this message can only
be acknowledged by eliminating the er-
ror.

6.4 I = 0 - No measuring current
If the current in the current measurement
path drops below 20 mA, the message
I=0 appears on the display.
The control relay deactivates a capacitor
stage after about 3 seconds. If this does
not result in a change in current, then the
stages still active are also deactivated.
This signal does not activate an alarm.

6.5 Other errors
Situations may arise due to the connec-
tion or special operating conditions that
cannot be identified by the control relay.

Table 3 below lists further sources of
errors.



28
7. Troubleshooting
Pos Fault Possible causes Necessary action
1 Control relay not work-
ing; no displays on the
front of the control relay.
No or the wrong voltage
has been applied to the
control relay.
Check that operating voltage
applied to the control relay is
at the right level.
2 The control relay does
not react to manual
switching despite
Delay time of about
10 seconds is not up.
If the required stage flashes in the
stage display (a) then wait until
the stage switches.
availability of power and
functioning indicators.
Manual mode is not
activated.
Hold down "Select" key until
"Manual Mode" LED (g) lights up.
3 Stage indicator (a) lights
up, however capacitor
contactors are not
Control circuit not
connected correctly or
no control voltage.
Check the control circuit in accor-
dance with the connection dia-
gram; check fuse.
switched on. No zero conductor at
contactors.

4 Control relay does not
terminate the automatic
measuring procedure.
Unstable mains supply
(strong power factor
variation).
Wait for more stable mains condi-
tions or enter the response cur-
rent and switching sequence
manually.
5 One stage is continu-
ously activated and de-
activated in automatic
Response current set too
low.
Set the response current correctly
in accordance with Table 1 or
Formula 1.
control relay mode. Strong load variation.
6 No stage activation in
automatic control relay
mode despite inductive
The response current has
been programmed
incorrectly.
Set the response current correctly
in accordance with Table 1 or
Formula 1.
load. Response current not
correctly identified despite
automatic response current
identification being set.
Check the control circuit accord-
ing to the connection diagram and
repeat the check system
procedure
Another measuring device
switched in parallel with the
control relay current path.
Current paths for different meas-
uring devices should always be
switched in series
Step size of capacitor is too
large.
Introduce capacitors with smaller
step size.
Table 3: Notes on troubleshooting

29
Pos Fault Possible causes Necessary action
7 "I=0" flashes on the
display.
Current transformer line
interrupted or short-
circuited.
Check current in current path using
ammeter (Imin 0.02 A).
8 Displayed power
factor is less than
Error in the control circuit. Check for the contactors
to be energized.
target power factor,
even though the
control relay has
activated all stages.
Error in the capacitor cur-
rent circuit.
Check fuses and contacts of
capacitor contactors as well as the
power consumption of the various
capacitor stages if necessary.
System too small. Add capacitors.
9 Control relay does
not switch off all
Response current is set too
high.
Set the response current correctly
according to Table 1 or Formula 1.
stages at light load
or standstill.
Control relay in manual
mode.
Press the "Select" key (i).
Table 3: Notes on troubleshooting


8. Technical data
Mode of connection:
As shown in connection diagrams 3 to 6.
Operating voltage:
Supply
voltage
Absolute permissible
threshold values
220 - 240 V 195 ... 264 V
Frequency:
50 Hz / 60 Hz (48 to 62 Hz)
Consumption of supply voltage:
Approx. 4 VA
Current path:
For current transformer ... /1A to ... /5A
Permissible maximum current: 6 A~

Consumption in current path:
Max. 0.5 VA at 5 A
Measuring voltage at terminal Meas:
Maximum 264 VAC at terminal N
Control contacts:
RM 2106 ....... 6 switching contacts
RM 2112 ..... 12 switching contacts
with potential binding to supply voltage
(terminal L)
Loading capacity of the control
contacts:
per contact max. ............................ 2 A
(only ohmic or inductive load)
total contact current, max. ............ 4 A
total contact load, max............. 950 VA

30
No-voltage trip
(undervoltage monitoring):
With voltage drops under 170 V for more
than 10 ms all capacitor stages con-
nected are switched off. After voltage is
restored the control relay switches the
required stages on.
Zero current trip:
For a current loss of longer than
3 seconds all capacitor stages connected
are switched off. After current is restored
the control relay switches the required
stages on.
Discharge time for the capacitors:
min. 1minute
Controls:
Keypad with 2 keys
Indicator elements:
RM2106: 12 LEDs
RM2112: 18 LEDs
3 character digital display
Operating temperature range:
-20 C to +65 C
Housing:
Plastic, black
flame-retardant as per UL-94 V0
Mounting:
From the front panel using a screwdriver
Front panel dimensions:
144 x 144 mm (DIN 43 700)

Panel hole size:
138 x 138 mm (DIN 43 700)
Installation depth:
40 mm
Weight:
approx. 0.8 kg
Installation position:
As required
Connections:
Terminal block
cable cross-section max. 1,5 mm
(AWG 16)
Protection class:
Terminals IP 20
Housing IP 54
(when the sealing ring is used)
Design as per:
DIN EN 61010-1 ( IEC 1010-1 )
Protection Class II (when insulated
mounting screws are used)
EMC:
EMC Immunity: DIN EN 61 000-6-2
EMC Emission: DIN EN 61 000-6-3
Fuse:
External, max. 4A specified
Accessories:
protection kit for protection class II / IP 54
...................................item no. 20-50014



31
Notes:





























BA V1.11; ab SW V1.00

32






Power capacitors for low voltage
Power factor correction systems
Power factor correction systems with reactors
Modules for power factor correction systems
Active filters
Dynamic compensation of harmonics
Reactive power control relays
Maximum demand control systems
Mains monitoring instruments
Cost allocation
Energy management systems







Sales Programme
Reactive Power Control Relay Model RM 2106/12





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