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RMO Solved Test Papers 2012

The document contains solutions to 6 math problems. It provides detailed step-by-step workings for finding ratios in a triangle problem, proving statements about positive integers, determining bounds for expressions involving positive real numbers, counting pair combinations from a set, deriving a relationship involving angles and sides of a triangle, and showing not all roots can be real for a quartic equation.

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Dr Mohan Savade
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
204 views

RMO Solved Test Papers 2012

The document contains solutions to 6 math problems. It provides detailed step-by-step workings for finding ratios in a triangle problem, proving statements about positive integers, determining bounds for expressions involving positive real numbers, counting pair combinations from a set, deriving a relationship involving angles and sides of a triangle, and showing not all roots can be real for a quartic equation.

Uploaded by

Dr Mohan Savade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problems and Solutions: CRMO-2012, Paper 1

1. Let ABC be a triangle and D be a point on the segment BC such that DC = 2BD.
Let E be the mid-point of AC. Let AD and BE intersect in P. Determine the ratios
BP/PE and AP/PD.
Solution: Let F be the midpoint of DC,
so that D, F are points of trisection of BC.
Now in triangle CAD, F is the mid-point of
CD and E is that of CA. Hence CF/FD =
1 = CE/EA. Thus EF AD. Hence we nd
that EF PD. Hence BP/PE = BD/DF.
But BD = DF. We obtain BP/PE = 1.
In triangle ACD, since EF AD we get EF/AD = CF/CD = 1/2. Thus AD = 2EF.
But PD/EF = BD/BF = 1/2. Hence EF = 2PD. Therefore AD = 2EF = 4PD.
This gives
AP = AD PD = 3PD.
We obtain AP/PD = 3.
(Coordinate geometry proof is also possible.)
2. Let a, b, c be positive integers such that a divides b
3
, b divides c
3
and c divides a
3
.
Prove that abc divides (a +b +c)
13
.
Solution: If a prime p divides a, then p | b
3
and hence p | b. This implies that p | c
3
and hence p | c. Thus every prime dividing a also divides b and c. By symmetry,
this is true for b and c as well. We conclude that a, b, c have the same set of prime
divisors.
Let p
x
|| a, p
y
|| b and p
z
|| c. (Here we write p
x
|| a to mean p
x
| a and p
x+1
| a.) We may
assume min{x, y, z} = x. Now b | c
3
implies that y 3z; c | a
3
implies that z 3x. We
obtain
y 3z 9x.
Thus x +y +z x + 3x + 9x = 13x. Hence the maximum power of p that divides abc
is x + y + z 13x. Since x is the minimum among x, y, z, whence p
x
divides each of
a, b, c. Hence p
x
divides a + b + c. This implies that p
13x
divides (a + b + c)
13
. Since
x +y +z 13x, it follows that p
x+y+z
divides (a +b +c)
13
. This is true of any prime p
dividing a, b, c. Hence abc divides (a +b +c)
13
.
3. Let a and b be positive real numbers such that a +b = 1. Prove that
a
a
b
b
+a
b
b
a
1.
Solution: Observe
1 = a +b = a
a+b
b
a+b
= a
a
b
b
+b
a
b
b
.
Hence
1 a
a
b
b
a
b
b
a
= a
a
b
b
+b
a
b
b
a
a
b
b
a
b
b
a
= (a
a
b
a
)(a
b
b
b
)
Now if a b, then a
a
b
a
and a
b
b
b
. If a b, then a
a
b
a
and a
b
b
b
. Hence the
product is nonnegative for all positive a and b. It follows that
a
a
b
b
+a
b
b
a
1.
4. Let X = {1, 2, 3, . . . , 10}. Find the the number of pairs {A, B} such that A X,
B X, A = B and A B = {2, 3, 5, 7}.
Solution: Let A B = Y , B \ A = M, A \ B = N and X \ Y = L. Then X is the
disjoint union of M, N, L and A B. Now A B = {2, 3, 5, 7} is xed. The remaining
six elements 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 can be distributed in any of the remaining sets M, N, L.
This can be done in 3
6
ways. Of these if all the elements are in the set L, then
A = B = {2, 3, 5, 7} and which this case has to be deleted. Hence the total number
of pairs {A, B} such that A X, B X, A = B and A B = {2, 3, 5, 7} is 3
6
1.
5. Let ABC be a triangle. Let BE and CF be internal angle bisectors of B and C
respectively with E on AC and F on AB. Suppose X is a point on the segment CF
such that AX CF; and Y is a point on the segment BE such that AY BE. Prove
that XY = (b +c a)/2 where BC = a, CA = b and AB = c.
Solution: Produce AX and AY to meet
BC is X

and Y

respectively. Since BY
bisects ABY

and BY AY

it follows
that BA = BY

and AY = Y Y

. Similarly,
CA = CX

and AX = XX

. Thus X and
Y are mid-points of AX

and AY

respec-
tively. By mid-point theorem XY = X

/2.
But
X

= X

C +Y

B BC = AC +AB BC = b +c a.
Hence XY = (b +c a)/2.
6. Let a and b be real numbers such that a = 0. Prove that not all the roots of ax
4
+
bx
3
+x
2
+x + 1 = 0 can be real.
Solution: Let
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
be the roots of ax
4
+bx
3
+x
2
+x+1 = 0. Observe none of
these is zero since their product is 1/a. Then the roots of x
4
+x
3
+x
2
+bx+a = 0 are

1
=
1

1
,
2
=
1

2
,
3
=
1

3
,
4
=
1

4
.
We have
4

j=1

j
= 1,

1 j < k 4
j

k
= 1.
Hence
4

j=1

2
j
=

j=1

2
2


1j<k4

= 1 2 = 1.
This shows that not all
j
can be real. Hence not all
j
s can be real.
-00000-

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