Actual Formula Test #1 Test #2 Formula

(a + b)(a
2
ab + b
2
)


a
3
+ b
3
=

(a b)(a
2
+ ab + b
2
)


a
3
b
3
=

x =
b b
2
4ac
2a

Quadratic Formula
f(x) = f( x)


Test for even
functions
f( x) = f(x)


Test for odd
functions
(x h)
2
+ (y k)
2
= r
2


General equation
of a circle
y = r
2
x
2


Equation of a
semi-circle
0
lim
x

1
x
=


1
2

sin

=


1
2

cos

=
1 tan

=

3
2

sin

=

1
2

sin

=

1
2

cos

=
3
2
cos

=
3

tan

=

1
3

tan

=

sin
cos

tan =


cos
sin

cot =

1
sin
2
+ cos
2
=

1 + cot
2
= cosec
2

Other trig identity
tan
2
+ 1 = sec
2

Other trig identity

sinA
a
=
sinB
b

Sine rule
a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
2bccosA


Cosine rule for
side

cosA =
b
2
+ c
2
a
2
2bc


Cosine rule for an
angle

A =
1
2
ab sinC


Area of a triangle
using trig
cosx cosy + sinx siny

cos(x y) =

cosx cosy sinx siny

cos(x + y) =
sinx cosy + cosx siny

sin(x + y) =

sinx cosy cosx siny

sin(x y) =

tanx + tany
1 tanx tany

tan(x + y) =


tanx tany
1 + tanx tany

tan(x y) =
2sinx cosx

sin 2x =

cos
2
x sin
2
x

1 2sin
2
x
2cos
2
x 1

cos 2x =

2tanx
1 tan
2
x

tan 2x =


tan

Ratios:

2t
1 t
2

tan =


1 t
2
1 + t
2

cos =

2t
1 + t
2

sin =
rsin( + )

asin + bcos =

rsin( )

asin bcos =
rcos( )

acos + bsin =
rcos( + )

acos bsin =
r = a
2
+ b
2


tan =
b
a

Where r = and =
= n + (-1)
n



General solution
for sine
= 2 n


General solution
for cosine
= n +


General solution
for tan
Graphs
d = (x
2
x
1
)
2
+ (y
2
y
1
)
2


Distance formula
P =

x1 + x2
2
,
y1 + y2
2

Midpoint Formula
m =
y2 y1
x2 x1

Gradient Formula
m = tan

Gradient using trig
y y
1
= m(x x
1
)


Point-gradient
formula

y y1
x x1
=
y2 y1
x2 x1

Two-point formula
m
1
= m
2

Parallel lines proof
m
1
m
2
= -1


Perpendicular lines
proof
d =
|ax1 + by1 + c|
a
2
+ b
2



Perpendicular
distance formula
tan =

m1 m2
1 + m1m2

Angle between two
lines

x =
mx2 + nx1
m+ n
y =
my2 + ny1
m+ n


Dividing interval in
ratio m:n
dy
dx
= lim
h 0

f(x + h) f(x)
h


First principle
differentiation
n x
n 1



d
dx
x
n

f'(x)n [ f(x)]
n 1



d
dx
[ f(x)]
n
=

vu' + uv'



d
dx
uv


vu' uv'
v
2



d
dx

u
v


x =
b
2a


Axis of symmetry
in quadratic
= b
2
4ac

The discriminant

b
a

Sum of roots

c
a


Sum of roots two
at a time

d
a


Sum of roots three
at a time

e
a


Sum of roots four
at a time
x
2
= 4ay


(0, a)
(0, 0)


Equation of basic
parabola.
Focus
Vertex
(x h
2
) = 4a(y k)
(h, k)
(h, k + a)


General equation
of parabola.
Focus
Vertex

x = 2at
y = at
2


Parametric form of:
x
2
= 4ay

T
n
= a + (n 1)d


Term of an
arithmetic series
S
n
=
n
2
(a + l)


S
n
=
n
2
[ 2a + (n 1)d]


Sum of an
arithmetic series
S = (n 2) 180

Sum of interior
angles of an n-
sided polygon
A = lb

Area of rectangle
A = x
2

Area of a square
A =
1
2
bh

Area of a triangle
A = bh


Area of a
parallelogram

1
2
xy

Area of rhombus
A =
1
2
h(a + b)

Area of trapezium
A = r
2

Area of circle
S = 2(lb + bh + lh)


Surface area of a
rectangular prism
V = lbh


Volume of a
rectangular prism
S = 6x
2


Surface area of a
cube
V = x
3

Volume of a cube
S = 2 r
2
+ 2 r h


Surface area of a
cylinder
V = r
2
h


Volume of a
cylinder
S = 4 r
2


Surface area of a
sphere
V =
4
3
r
3


Volume of a
sphere
S = r
2
+ rl


Surface area of a
cone
V =
1
3
r
2
h

Volume of a cone

x
n + 1
n + 1
+ c

x
n
dx

h
2
[ (y
0
+ y
n
) + 2(y
1
+ y
2
+ ... + y
n 1
)]


where h =
b a
n

Trapezoidal rule
h
3
[ (y
0
+ y
n
) + 4(y
1
+ y
3
) + 2(y
2
+ y
4
)]


where h =
b a
n

Simpsons Rule

(ax + b)
n + 1
a(n + 1)
+ c

(ax + b)
n
dx

V =

y
2
dx


Volume about the
x-axis
V =

x
2
dy


Volume about the
y-axis
e
x



d
dx
e
x

f'(x) e
f(x)



d
dx
e
f(x)

e
x
+ c

e
x
dx


1
a
e
ax + b
+ c

e
ax + b
dx

log
a
x + log
a
y

log
a
(xy)

log
a
x log
a
y


log
a

x
y

n log
a
x


log
a
x
n

log
a
x =
log
e
x
log
e
a


Change of base
rule

1
x



d
dx
log
e
x


f'(x)
f(x)



d
dx
log
e
f(x)

log
e
x + c

1
x
dx

log
e
f(x) + c

f'(x)
f(x)
dx

180

radians =

C = 2r


Circumference of a
circle
l = r

Length of an arc
A =
1
2
r
2

Area of a sector
A =
1
2
r
2
( sin)


Area of a minor
segment
sinx x


tanx x


cosx 1

Small Angles
f'(x) cos [ f(x)]



d
dx
sin [ f(x)]

f'(x) sin [ f(x)]



d
dx
cos [ f(x)]

f'(x) sec
2
f(x)



d
dx
tan f(x)


1
a
sin(ax + b) + c

cos(ax + b) dx


1
a
cos(ax + b) + c

sin(ax + b) dx


1
a
tan(ax + b) + c

sec
2
(ax + b) dx


1
2
x +
1
4a
sin 2ax + c

cos
2
ax dx


1
2
x
1
4a
sin 2ax + c

sin
2
ax dx


Exponential
Growth & Decay
kQ



dQ
dt
=

Q = Ae
kt

Quantity

dN
dt
= k(N P)


N = P + Ae
kt


Complex growth
and decay
a =
d
dx

1
2
v
2

Special result for
acceleration
x = a cos(nt + )


Displacement for
SHM

..
x = n
2
x


Acceleration for
SHM
a

Amplitude of SHM

2
n

Period of SHM
v
2
= n
2
(a
2
x
2
)

Velocity of SHM
.
x = Vcos
.
y = Vsin


Initial Velocity of
projectile
.
x = 0
.
y = g


Acceleration of a
projectile
x = Vt cos


Horizontal
displacement
y = Vt sin
gt
2
2


Vertical
displacement
y =
gx
2
2V
2
(1 + tan
2
) + xtan


Cartesian equation
of motion
t =
2V sin
g

Time of flight
x =
V
2
sin 2
g

Range
x =
V
2
g

Max Range
h =
V
2
sin
2

2g

Greatest height
f
-1
[ f(x)] = f[ f
-1
(x)] = x


Proof for mutually
inverse functions
sin
-1
x


sin
-1
( x) =

cos
-1
x

cos
-1
( x) =
tan
-1
x

tan
-1
( x) =

2


sin
-1
x + cos
-1
x =

r =
T2
T1


Common ratio in
geometric series
T
n
= ar
n 1


Term of a
geometric series

S
n
=
a(r
n
1)
r 1
for |r| > 1
S
n
=
a(1 r
n
)
1 r
for |r| < 1


Sum of a
geometric series
S

=
a
1 r


Sum to infinity of a
geometric series
A = P

1 +
r
100

n


Compound interest
formula
If f

a + b
2

= 0


Halving the interval
method
a1 = a
f(a)
f' (a)


Newtons method
of approximation

n k + 1
k

b
a



T
K + 1
T
K
=


n!
(n r)!



n
P
r
=


n!
s! t! ...


Arrangements
where some are
alike
(n 1)!


Arrangements in a
circle