SEQUENCE CONNECTORS

FUNCTION Linking word

1a. Join similar ideas China is a big country ,and
;in addition,
;moreover,
;furthermore,
;besides
It has a large
population
1b. Join alternative
ideas
We could have
dinner at home
,or We could eat Sams
cafe
2. Give reason or
cause
He was punished because
since
He did not do his
homework
3. Show contrast or
contradict ideas
He is hardworking

His words are harsh
,but
;however,
,yet
;nevertheless,
his brother is lazy.

I believe he is a good
man
Linking word
Although
Even though
Though
it was raining,

she is rich
they played tennis
outdoors.
She is not proud

They played tennis
outdoors
although
even though
though
It was raining
They went out despite
In spite of
the rain
the bad weather
4. Introduce
examples or
illustrations
The country has
many
white elephants

Residential schools
provide various
facilities for the
students
because
since


; for example,
; for instance
the huge stadium
and the open-air
theatre are hardly
ever used.

there is a library, a
gymnasium, a
student centre and a
mosque
5. show effect or
result
It rained all yesterday ; as a result,
;consequently,
;therefore,
;thus,
;thereby,
;henceforth
;that is why,
,so
they had to postpone
the football match
SEQUENCE CONNECTORS

7. Repeat
information
In fact
In other words

Lucy seldom talks to her stepbrother. Similarly,
he stays in his room when shes around. In fact,
they cannot stand the sight of each other.
8. make a conclusion
or summarisation
In conclusion
To conclude
To sum up

In conclusion, these dos and donts are the
keys to achieving a healthy lifestyle that
promises better days ahead of us.


NOTES ON SOME COMMON LINKERS THAT HAVE BEEN WRONGLY USED.
WRONG CORRECT
Besides that Besides
Eventhough Even though
Despite of Despite
More over Moreover
Although,but. Although,.
(exclusion of but)
In the conclusion In conclusion
In the nutshell In a nutshell






6. show time or
sequence
After After the students went home, they fumigated
the school
As soon as As soon as the man had regained
consciousness, he was given some water to
drink.
As long as You can stay here as long as you like
Before Wash your feet before you go to bed
While He came while you were out
Since I have not seen her since I moved to Singapore
Until Do not go until you see the green light
First
Then
First, you beat the eggs. Then you add some
sugar.
SEQUENCE CONNECTORS

AIMS OF THESE ACTIVITIES
1-to produce a smooth flow of the ideas and a coherent and cohesive piece of essay conveyed
by using sequence connectors in their writing tasks.
2-to help students use the sequence connectors appropriately.
A: CONNECTORS SHOWING ADDITION, ALTERNATIVES AND CONTRAST
Based on the notes above, fill in the gaps with a suitable connector. Do not use the same
connector more than once.
1. Setting realistic goals helps students to organise their work efficiently ... they provide the
students with suitable incentives.
2. Painters ... dramatists are taking part in the arts festival.
3. The first sentence of any text you read is most important because it attracts your
attention. ... it will decide whether you continue reading.
4. Books ... pencils, ... a lot of papers were lying untidily on the desk.
5. I don't care what you do. You can ... stay here ... go home.
6. If you can't get to the meeting on time, give me a ring tonight. ... leave a note with Mrs
Smith.
7. ... John ... Edward was able to help me. I don't know who else to ask.
8. It's going to rain. Shall we stay in ... go out?
9. We enjoyed ourselves ... the weather was bad.
10. ... the weather was bad we enjoyed ourselves very much.
11. He wrote a book about New York ... he had never been there.
12. My father offered to lend me half the money towards the cost of the car. ... there was no
way for me to raise the other half so I didn't buy it.
13. He had never had a university education ... he became one of the most influential men in
the country.
14. ... the ... living at home can restrict one's personal freedom; ... the ... it can save a student
a lot of money.
B. LINKAGE AND REFERENCE.
Underline the most suitable connectors.
English food has a bad name abroad (although / because / if) foreigners visiting England often
meet it in the more 'popular' type of restaurant (which / it / one) is the easiest to find. The food
in (the / a / such) restaurants has to be served quickly (and / as well as / in addition) being
cheap. (Although / Nevertheless / Together with) the food is often badly cooked (together with
/ as well as / and) presented without any imagination. This is because some of the restaurants
do not pay enough attention to what their customers want. (Together with / Moreover /
Whereas) these restaurants do nothing for the reputation of British food abroad, the foreigner
who takes a little trouble and compares the restaurants carefully, can eat well in Britain.

SEQUENCE CONNECTORS
C. MIXED LINKING WORDS
Fill in the blanks with suitable linkers from the box below. Use each linker once only.

In spite of because unless
Furthermore yet although
As soon as however when
Despite while as
Nevertheless so but


1. Shahid is poor:,does not beg for his living
2. It was an onerous test.,many candidates passed it
with flying colours
3. losing, we celebrated joyfully.
4. it was 2 oclock in the afternoon, Jimmy phoned
Kardashian.
5. of the bad weather, we continued fishing.
6. Mikail was in a hurry.he did not want to miss
Zaras birthday party.
7. We anticipated that Gordan would ask Mariah for a second chance,he
did not.
8. The house was opulent,.I could not purchase it
9. I took a cab..it was too far to walk
10. He was in anguish;.., he did not seek for help.
11. ..Carlos was taking a selfie, he heard a shout.
12. ..had eaten the biscuits, she collapsed.
13. The die hard fans of One Direction left the hall..their favourite
boy band had finished performing.
14. You will never succeed ..you work harder.
15. I will never let her die because she once saved my life, she
is my first true love.