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Assignment 2
Research Design Report
Group Name: GEN-Y Team Leader: Law Cheng Jing (Eileen) 0309527
Members: Tan Yong Loke (Grace) 0310472 Angelina Lee Tze Theng 0310346 Foong Kah Mei (Clara) 0310003 Siti Amellia bt Mohamed Feroz 0310239
Research Topic: Layout Design Concept Review and Critique on the article
Dont Make Them Wait From the article on dont bore your visitor, I will have to say that I do agree that the websites that are being designed will have to be rather catchy and interesting in order to keep the visitors attention on the product that is being advertised. After all, you would want your visitors to have a clear idea of what your website is conveying.
The information that is being shown in the websites has to be simplified. The visitors would want straight to the point information rather than a lengthy or information that are complicated and mind twisting unless your target groups are people who enjoys complicated and mind twisting information.
I also do agree with the fact the website cant be too simple too. That would also make your visitors bored.
In an article by Pamela Vaughan (2012), she has listed guidelines into making an effective website.
He stated one of the guidelines is to make a good first impression. It has been stated that the average humans attention span can only go up to 40 min. All the more reason that the first impression of a website has to be eye catching and has to keep the attention of the visitor fixed on the product. People that visits your website would want to see the things they need to see.
Questions such as: Is your website trustworthy? Does it look professional? Am I in the correct website? Those are the questions that the visitors are going to be asking when they see a website.
In order to avoid the visitors to get bored, it could be helped from: The use of fonts Color and size of fonts
The words in a websites are important, as that is how you are going to convey your messages or information to the visitors. It has to be comfortable for the eyes and mind.
The use of images has to appropriate. The images that are used Has to convey meaningful messages about the website. It has to be relevant.
The uses of animation are encouraged especially at this time of era Animation can sometimes be more attractive than real life people.
These are ways to keep your visitors attracted to your website.
However the quality of the animation has to be good. If there are any background make sure they are appropriate and suitable to what the website has to offer.
Example 1 This website showcases the happenings in the entertainment world.
It has the information as you can see on the left they have all tabs. (Source: Flavorwire, 2014) It has a very simple layout and it is straight to the point. Its headline is bold Their use of words are interesting. On the left bottom corner its says sweeten your inbox, its another way of saying subscribe to us for more updates.
Example 2 (Source: Trendland | design and culture online magazine,2014) This website has a switching animated banner where it showcases the variations of photography they do. It showcases their works that could get the visitors attention. Gives the visitors ideas of what the product has to offer.
The buttons is colorful and it has given the idea of an artistic approach for this website as it is advertising or selling the artistic photography.
Colors plays a huge role in keeping peoples attention therefore the play of colors can determine what kind of approach would you want for your website.
Example 3 This website is about a water service named Arvanitakis.
In this website it shows all the flaws of a good website.
The images that are uploaded arent clear and pixelated.
As you open this website there will be a rather knight like background music that is really inappropriate.
The idea of displaying images of bright colors overlapping each other gives visitors a painful sight.
(Source: Arvanitakis) The font that was used was fine however the use of color were wrong and it has made it hard for people to read.
The whole design of the website is too simple and due to the loud and inappropriate song it has, it makes this website annoying.
This website also did not use the cutting edge technology in their website.
In conclusion A website should clear and straight to point. The visuals that are being shown should be in good quality. People are more prone and interested in visuals. However the visuals has to be placed in a proper manner where it wouldnt be too much for the viewers to take in or too distracting that make the visitors loose track on what is the main information in the website. It is mentioned by Charles Kelly from Aichi Institute of Technology (Toyota, Japan) (2000), from a visitors point of view, a good website is when they are usable, has fulfilled the visitors needs, didnt waste the visitors time and is not irritating.
Review and Critique on the article
Dont Make Them Wait According to the article Dont Make Them Wait, I agree that successful websites are websites that download quickly and look good at the same time.
Websites with slow loading speed can have significant effects on the viewing of your website.
An attractive site is more likely to generate a positive impression and keep visitors once they arrive.
Graphics are important to attract visitors attention as they provide a variety of visual appeal and brighten an otherwise boring page of text.
However, web designers should bear in mind to not over-use them. Graphics should be inserted only if it adds meaning or context to your written content. Its advisable to remove them as they take up a lot of space thus increasing the time for it to load. Each web page should not be overloaded with images of more than 3 or 4. Instead of loading heavy elements like animated graphics, Flash content, large videos and images into your website, opt for simple designs that can still offer the best of your creativity to your visitors.
Dont overload your website with effects and designs that are overly complex just to impress visitors Because most visitors can only download at 28.8 kb per second and Visitors are bound to get frustrated if too much time is taken to load the page. Always make sure that your website only takes a few seconds to load Prospective visitors may not have the patience to wait too long.
Linden (2006) stated that Traffic and ad revenues decreased by 20% when Google moved from a 10-result page loading in 0.4 seconds to a 30-result page loading in 0.9 seconds.
Farber (2006) also stated that When the home page of Google Maps was reduced from 100KB to 70- 80KB, traffic went up 10% in the first week, and an additional 25% in the following three weeks. It shows that speed is a huge component in web surfing and a big market driver of Web 2.0. It doesnt matter if there are more choices of websites for viewers to choose from, all that really matters to viewers are the speed in which the results are presented to viewers.
Lets have a look at this example. (Source: Chicago Tribune) We can see how packed the images are placed against one another in the page. There are too many images to load at the same time and this in turn slows down the loading page time. We can always improve this by making sure that the images uploaded are optimized and are as small as possible. Smith (2013) found that the loading page of Chicago Tribune is 19.315s, making it one of the slowest sites on the internet. The Chicago tribune may be one of the most trafficked US news sites but according to Alex Krohn, speed is still a critical factor and is getting more important as time goes on. There is a lot of data and analytics on how speed impact sites; the faster the page loads, the more likely the users are to continue along in the process and eventually make purchases or seek services. Delays risk losing that visitor,
- Alex Krohn Here is another example to look at. (Source: Cult of Mac) For a first time view, the average load time of a website on the Techmeme Leaderboard was 11.42 seconds. Common issues like improperly sized and uncompressed images, social media widgets as well as advertisements added extra load time to the site.
Krohn also said that, Five or six years ago, people would happily wait five or more seconds for something to load. Nowadays, if it doesnt come up within a couple of seconds especially if the person is arriving from search results people will hit the back button and try the next result. The Cult of Mac is one of the slowest loading sites among most influential tech news blogs according to Aptimize with its loading page time of 27.67seconds . Based on the article Dont make them wait, I do agree that a better website should not have to keep their audiences wait for a page to be loaded. In fact, the more fancy design of a website, the more time taken for the page to be fully loaded.
Website is designed for people to search for information in a convenient and faster way whereas they are able to go through everything within a minute by just typing URL address. The essential element in a better website is based on their usability that people may pay another visit on a certain website.
Therefore, a better website has to be clarified with every information, an interesting appearance which based on how well the designer managed the page, and also fully loaded page within 20 seconds. In fact, to load website in a short time, the designer should keep a more design, less graphic concept.
Based on the article by Morgan Davis (2014), the Product Marketing Manager who listed a few tips on how to save time when loading website. The tips were previously conducted by Aberdeen Group Study (2008) on the online shoppers who are impatient.
A website for online shopping contains a lot of pictures, Therefore designers have to keep the format of the picture in a smaller file size.
To be able to load an image faster, Save the file under JPEG format that help to reduce the resolution of the image but remain the good quality.
Besides the sizes of image, there is also another tip from Morgan Davis (2014) article which is to load a website in a faster speed which the management on html page. If a website contains too many pictures, it should combine images into CSS sprite in advance. A CSS sprite is able to customise numerous of images and icons into a larger image and to improve the performance of a website.
On the other hands, we have to clear all the cache history before starting to load a new website. Cache is a component system that can be used to store up memory of previous data Therefore the system can serve a faster result on the browser. But if the size of cache memory become larger, it will slow down the speed when loading a website.
There is an article by Blaise Lucey (2010) in MadeMan.com, stated that Processor does affect the performance of a website. A processor speed is essentially the speed at which the users computer processes information, However, there are few ways that the speed of a processer can affect the performance on a website. One of the most common actions is user who like to open multiple tabs. Several sites contain different memory, therefore open multiple tabs will have a higher risk in making slow loading speed on each websites.
Example 1 (Source: Google.com) The example is a homepage of Google browser. It takes not more than 5 seconds to load the page because of the layout, design are simple and the only google logo is in PNG format. Example 2 (Source: Facebook.com) The appearance of Facebook homepage is simple and it uses solid colour scheme which consider the more design, less graphic concept, therefore it can be load faster. Example 3 (Source: Youtube.com) Although Youtube is a website for multimedia that users are able to search for their videos, but when started launching the page, it may takes about 10 seconds to load because the page shows several videos in thumbnail size.
The thumbnail size enable it to fasten the loading performance on a website. Example 4 Tumblr.com does take more than 10 second to load the dashboard page after signing in.
The design layout is simple but website does support mostly GIF format of animation images and they are all in a higher quality, therefore it takes time when loading Tumblr page. (Source: Tumblr.com) Review and Critique on the article
Navigation From the article on Navigation, I agree that navigation should answer the three main questions, which are Where am I? Where can I go from here? Where was I already?
In the article, it is clearly stated that visitors will not enter your site from the home page and continue to click on hyperlinks in an orderly way.
Therefore, web designers should take the question of Where am I into considerations when designing their web pages.
Jakob Nielsen (2001) stated: Homepage is often the first or possibly the last chance to get the attraction or attention from the customers or visitors, just like the front page of newspaper where top news items are given on the front page of every newspaper.
Homepage would have a drastic effect even if there are only small changes occur on the homepage.
We do not want our visitors or customers to stare at our homepage, wondering what is the purpose of this site.
Therefore, to avoid this situation to happen, Nielsen (2001) said: We must communicate well with the visitors or customers where they can recognize or identify what is the site all about just by one short glance.
From the article, I agree to the point that the name or the logo of your company should be placed on the top of every page in your web site and it should be able to link back to your home page if you click on the logo or the name.
However, in the article, it did not clarify on how the name or logo should be designed or displayed on the web page.
Joe Brennan (2011), the Vise President of Strategic Communication in The University of Iowa, stated that: The logo or the name of the company should be displayed clearly and it has to be legible. The logo should be displayed on the homepage but need not to be displayed on other pages on the site.
The name of the company must be displayed on the top 133 pixels of each page of the site. Joe Brennan (2011), the Vise President of Strategic Communication in The University of Iowa, stated that (cont): The minimum size for the logo is 31 pixels in height while the minimum size for the name of the company should be not smaller than 11 pixels in height. He also said that it is not advisable to have animated logo or wordmark.
From the website dom4j (n.d.), the author of the website identified that: Big graphics will make the loading process of web pages become slower and as a result, visitors or customers leave your web pages.
According to Ilya Pozin (2012), flashy websites may not look good on mobile phones or tablets as some mobile phones do not have Flash, and thus visitors may not be able to see them.
(Source: Allkpop) Example Nielsen (2001) clarified that the name of the company or the logo of the company should be shown at a noticeable location and in a reasonable size. The area for the logo or company name need not to be huge but it should be bigger and more prominent that those items around the logo or name so that it will grab the visitors attention. The upper-left corner of a web site will always be the best location to display a company name or logo. Above is an example from the website Allkpop, on how a logo or name of a website should displayed. From the article, it is stated that the home page should always answer the question of Where am I and should not let the visitors or customers guess on what your web site is all about.
However, according to Roni Jacobson (2010), it is not advisable to include all information about your company or business on the home page, Instead, it is better to keep it simple and easy to read.
Nielsen (2001) specified that: Include a tag line that briefly summarizes the purpose of the site. Tag line should be simple, brief, and straight to the point.
Lets take a look at this example below.
(Source: Smashing Magazine, Image by Vitaly Friedman, 2008) Although visitors or customers tend to visitor explore a website based on the F-pattern and what the visitors or customers would see will be the three statements when the page is loaded.
However, not all visitors or customers are able to understand the main purpose of the web site by the three statement, and this is what we called the unnecessary question mark. From the image above, it is clearly shown that Beyondis.co.uk used the tag lines of Beyond channels, beyond products, beyond distribution.
What is the meaning of these tag lines? Lets look at another example below. (Source: Smashing Magazine, Image by Vitaly Friedman, 2008) However, the difference between them is that Expression Engine avoids the unnecessary questions mark.
Other than that, Friedman (2008) also stated that the slogan or tag line used by Expression Engine is very functional as it provides visitors or customers with choices to try their services or to download their free version. From the image screenshot by Friedman, it is shown very clearly that the web design structure of Expression Engine is similar to what we see from Beyondis.co.uk . [Cont]
In short According to Friedman (2008), to make it easier for visitors or customers to grasp the idea or purpose of a web site, we need to reduce the cognitive load.
Once a web designer did this step or achieved it, the communication between the visitors and the web site owner will be successful and the visitors can be benefited from it.
People would not use your web if they could not find what they want from the web site. From the article on Navigation, it is stated that visitor will always want to know Where can I go from here. It means that visitor can click links that bring them to pages within the site or to pages outside of the web page.
Besides, it also says that context must be included in the links so that it provides the visitors with insight on where the links will bring them to.
I agree to the point that it is a must to put a small description to the link on the web page.
According to Pamela Vaughan (2012), one of the main factors of keeping your visitors coming back to your web site often is by having a good and solid navigation system that supports all search preferences. There was a recent study by HubSpot and it was found out that almost three quarters of the respondents of the survey say that the most important element in a web site design is that one can find the information they want easily. If one could not find what they want, they will just give up on searching and leave the web site. (Source: HubSpot, Image by Pamela Vaughan, 2012) Jacobson (2010) stated that navigation tells the visitors where to find the information they need on the web site.
A good navigation system is navigation that is easy to find, very clear and easy to understand by the visitors. Lets look at an example below. (Source: Global Web Fx, Image by Matthew Shuey, 2013) As shown in the screenshot, the web page is very complicated and visitors will be confused when the page is loaded. There are too much information displayed on the page this web design used up a lot of bright colors that make the visitors eyes fatigued. The navigation of this web page is hard to locate. Visitor could not be able to find the navigation bar easily. The image is a screenshot of a website, Arngren.net.
This is website has been voted one of the worst website that have ever seen in this world. According to Lisa Irby (n.d.), a simple navigation in a web site is an important factor. Do not overwhelm visitors with over 20 options or choices on your homepage Only highlight the most important pages on your homepage Use subpages in order to keep your navigation clean.
However, Arngren.net did not follow these simple rules of designing a web site. Lets take a look at another example below. (Source: Zolas Vintage) This web site is one of the best web site that has ever seen in the world. It has a simple design and the navigation is clear and easy to find. The tag line on the homepage provides the visitors on what this web site is all about. The image shown is a screenshot of the website Zolas Vintage Clothing and Accessories. In conclusion
According to Eric Miller (n.d.), there are five (5) rules of effective website navigation.
1. Navigation should be very easy to find 2. Keep it consistent 3. Use obvious section names 4. Less is more 5. Remind the user where they are
1. Navigation should be very easy to find Web users are not going to hang around and scroll along the web site to find the navigation for a very long time. They are impatient. Since it will take less space than other elements on the page, it should be stand out enough to grab the attention of the web users. The most common location to display your navigation bar is at the top of the page so that web users do not need to scroll down to the page to find the navigation bar. The screenshot of the web site at the right is a very good example of a simple yet clear navigation bar. (Source: Bright Bull, Image by Ricardo Molina, 2013) 2. Keep it consistent Navigation bar should appear at the same location on every page of the web site.
It also should appear in the same style, colors and type even in different pages within the site.
The reason = users will be able to get used to the site and will feel more comfortable when looking through the site.
It will lead the visitors frustrated if the navigation is to jump everywhere, change colors from pages to pages. 2. Keep it consistent [Cont] The screenshots of the webpages are good examples of keeping the navigation bar consistent even in different pages within the site.
(Source: Zolas Vintage. - About page.) (Source: Zolas Vintage. Press page.) 3. Use obvious section names The section names of a site in the navigation bar should be obvious and what will bring the web users to if they click on them.
It is advisable to use obvious button names such as Press and Gallery to avoid the web users to get confuse.
The screenshot of the web site page below is a good example of navigation bar labeled with obvious section names. (Source: Yola, Image by Yola, 2013) 4. Less is more It is not advisable to include too many navigation buttons on the same page as it will just leave the web users too many choices.
Instead, you can use drop-down menus that break down the top-level buttons into few sub-sections.
(Source: Graphique, Image by Curtiss Prickett, 2010) The screenshot of the web page below is an example of a web site that has drop-down menus. 5. Remind the user where they are It is a good idea to remind the web users where they are when they click into a site section. Web designers can use a consistent method where section will be highlighted if the visitor is in the section, such as changing the color or appearance of the button. This agree to the point in the article where it says that web users want to know if they have already visited a page within the web site and it will be very frustrating to have users click on a link that bring you back to a page that they have visited. Therefore, for your navigation to work well, web designer should use blue color for unvisited link while purple for visited link as a color scheme. These are the standard color, using other colors will just confuse people. The screenshot below is an example from Google search engine site where it uses blue color for unvisited link while purple for visited link. 5. Remind the user where they are [Cont] (Source: Google) Review and Critique on the article
Find Out What Colors Will Cause Your Visitors To Hate You From the article, I agree on the fact that not many web designers look upon the importance of color when designing the website Colors give out an first impression for viewers when they see the website. If not looked upon, it will have the end result of having either plain, boring or a chaotic website.
The article also stated that websites only shares 216 common colors in the color palette as the other 40 colors in the total of 256 colors are not advised to be used. If they are used, it will cause dithering ---- an attempt of the program to approximate a color by mixing other colors together when a required color is not detected. To prevent dithering, web designers could use the chart below to determine which colors could be used. (Source: Tech Target; Image by Margaret Rouse) (Source: Egencia) Mark Hoben also said that a mostly neutral color palette can help your site project an elegant, clean and modern appearance, Employing small dashes of color--for headlines or key graphics--helps guide visitors to your most important content
From the example at the left, which the website for Egencia, it shows how wisely Mark Hoben, the head of web design at Egencia picks and uses the colors for the website, making the site simple and easy for browsers to look at the website. Color Psychology The psychology behind every color chosen is also an issue that needs to be looked upon as each color triggers a certain behavior or feelings within the viewers.
In the article, I agree to the point that color should be one of the concerns when you are designing a website.
There are different colors and they have their own color psychology too. Red Pink Orange Yellow Green Blue Purple Brown
From the image example, the web designer uses red is trying to convey power and energy towards the viewers, as if its all about you, you have the power; you got what it takes, and many more. (Source: bcom; Image by vandelaydesign, 2013) Red Example 1 (Source: Zoossa) Another example above, uses red to signify danger instead. As many animals are about to go extinct, the website reminds us humans that the animals are in danger and are in need of our help, hence using the red is a good tip to warn the viewers of the situation. Red Example 2 (Source: hyundai-veloster; Image by onextrapixel, Carol Francis, 2013) Above is another example of red used in websites. The website is trying to promote a brand new product, in this case, a car, to its viewers, what better way to do that then to let viewers eyes focus on the promotional banner by using the color red. Red Example 3 Red - Example 4 (Source: shihabs; Image by onextrapixel, Carol Francis, 2013) The above example is for a freelancer web designer. The designer is trying to indicate with the color red that he is strong, he has boldness and power, which resulting in looking masculine and admirable to viewers who visits his web sites. Pink Example 1 Pink is known to be a really feminine color, it also signifies youth, nurture, playfulness and love. (Source: We are cup cup; Image by vandelay design, 2013) Pink Example 2 (Source: Creative Nuts; Image by tripwire magazine, Sonny M. Day, 2011) From the examples 1 and 2, it is shown that pink is usually associate with cooking and baking as it is a feminine type of work. Not only that, it also displays a nurture and love type of feeling towards the viewers. Pink Example 3 (Source: Ayrshoes; Image by tripwire magazine, Sonny M. Day, 2011) Pink Example 4 (Source: Pink Turtle Trading; Image by tripwire magazine, Sonny M. Day, 2011) Websites images from example 3 and 4 are with the color of pink that signifies feminism, as females tend to love shopping for shoes, accessories, clothes and much more, hence most online shops uses the color pink to attract females into going to their websites and buying their products. Pink Example 5 (Source: Motherhood India; Image by tripwire magazine, Sonny M. Day, 2011) This image above is another example of pink that associates itself with feminism, towards the viewers as it is a website about motherhood. Using the color pink will attract mothers into the website as they will also have a nurture and loving feeling when they see the color pink. Orange Example 1 The color orange is usually depicted as more calm, sensuality, friendly, comforting and inviting. Not only that, orange could also associate itself with food as a result of comforting. (Source: These are Things; Image by onextrapixel, Carol Francis, 2013) Orange Example 2 (Source: These are Things) Example 1 and 2 are a same website of two designers. Despite its creative design, by using the color orange itself, it gives viewers a warm and welcoming feeling towards the website, resulting in making viewers feel comfortable being on the website. Orange Example 3 (Source: Story Cubes) A website promoting a fun playing game for kids, uses orange to seem more family friendly, calm and inviting towards families, hence making them interested in the product and eventually purchasing it. Yellow Example 1 Yellow is a really energetic color. Itis often associated with the sun, it resulted in yellow being associated with happiness, fun and warmth as well. (Source: Chunk; Image by web design ledger, Gisele Muller, 2010) From this example above, this website is for an interactive entertainment company which target audiences are children, hence having yellow on the website shows that it is friendly, fun and exciting for kids of all ages. Yellow Example 2 (Source: Creative Spark; Image by web design ledger, Gisele Muller, 2010) Yellow Example 3 (Source: Roome London) From these examples 2 and 3, it is shown that most designers used the color yellow on the website to appear more fun, upbeat, with a creative type to vibe to the viewers, hence might be attractive to certain clients. Green Example 1 As green is the color of nature, green is normally associated with harmony, peace, relaxation, balance, calm, rejuvenation and many more soothing feelings. (Source: A Modern Eden; Image by web design ledger, Gisele Muller, 2010) The image above is an example of a design website that mostly produces animal designs. Using the green color, it gives the website a more eco, nature feeling, making the website seem so calm and peaceful. Green Example 2 (Source: Green Infrastructure Inc.; Image by web design ledger, Gisele Muller, 2010) Green Example 3 (Source: Mint; Image by web design ledger, Gisele Muller, 2010) As green could also be associated with money, the examples 2 and 3 above showed that not only the website gives a calm and balance feeling, but it is a website about saving money too, hence it might give the viewers the feeling of reassurance and confidence on the website and its company. Blue Example 1 The color blue is usually associated with trustworthiness and security, but it also could be seen as calm and cool and friendly. (Source: Facebook; Image by Tech Crunch, Michael Arrington, 2008) Blue Example 2 (Source: Tumblr; Image by Poynter, Taylor Miller Thomas, 2013) Blue Example 3 (Source: MySpace; Image by Walsh Magic) Blue Example 4 (Source: Twitter) As shown at the image examples 1 to 4 above, most social websites uses blue on its website, the reason behind it is that blue not only gives viewers a more trustworthy feeling, but also a calming feeling towards the viewers, making them want to stay on the site longer than usual. Purple Example 1 Purple gives out more of a nobility type of feel, but with different kinds of shades, purple can be defined as wealth, luxury, elegance, mysterious when it has a darker shade, while with a lighter shade, it has more of a spring and romance type of feel. (Source: Knight Creative; Image by spyrestudios, Jake Rocheleau) Purple Example 2 (Source: GoneFreelancing; Image by spyrestudios, Jake Rocheleau) Purple Example 3 (Source: Luis Chiappe; Image by spyrestudios, Jake Rocheleau) As darker shade of purple gives out a mysterious yet elegance type of feel, numerous designers uses purple on their website to make viewers curious about the designers and their work. Brown Example 1 The color brown gives out a cozy, comfy feel towards people. Not only that, brown could also be associated with earthiness, support, and nature. (Source: Mayflower Brewing; Image by web design ledger, Gisele Muller, 2010) Brown Example 2 (Source: Wawa; Image by vandelaydesign, 2013) Brown Example 3 (Source: Giannis; Image by web design ledger, Gisele Muller, 2010) As brown gives out a cozy and comforting feeling, numerous websites that are food or drinks related used brown in order to let viewers feel welcomed to their website as shown on the image examples 1 to 3 above. Helpful websites There are several websites on the Internet that are dedicated to help designers in choosing suitable color palettes for their website to not only look nice, but also unique and attractive towards browsers. (Source: Color Scheme Designer) (Source: Adobe Color CC) (Source: Paletton) References: Adobe Color CC, n.d., Adobe Color CC. [online] Available at: <https://color.adobe.com/create/color-wheel/> [Accessed 8 October]
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