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Linear Differential Equation Sample Problems With Solution

This document discusses higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients. It defines these equations and provides the general form. It also discusses solving the characteristic or auxiliary equation to determine the roots, which are then used to find the complementary function and general solution. There are four cases covered: real distinct roots, real repeated roots, distinct imaginary roots, and repeated imaginary roots. Examples are provided for each case. Exercises at the end practice identifying the differential operator, auxiliary equation, roots, and complementary function, as well as finding the general solution.

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MarkVergelBorja
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
470 views

Linear Differential Equation Sample Problems With Solution

This document discusses higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients. It defines these equations and provides the general form. It also discusses solving the characteristic or auxiliary equation to determine the roots, which are then used to find the complementary function and general solution. There are four cases covered: real distinct roots, real repeated roots, distinct imaginary roots, and repeated imaginary roots. Examples are provided for each case. Exercises at the end practice identifying the differential operator, auxiliary equation, roots, and complementary function, as well as finding the general solution.

Uploaded by

MarkVergelBorja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ES21 Handout

hlsmedrano2013 1

HIGHER ORDER LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
- n2
- linear in y, dy
- absence of y dy

Linear Differential Equation (nth order) w/ Constant Coefficients

Form:



if f(x)=0, homogeneous
f(x)0, non-homogeneous

Any linear homogeneous differential equation with constant coefficients with , homogeneous,
may be written in the form

where f(D) is a linear differential operator.
Operator:



Example:



Solution of Homogeneous Differential Equation:


If m is any root of the algebraic equation f(m)=0, then


which means that simply that

is a solution of .

Steps:
1. Set up the characteristic or auxiliary equation, f(m)=0
2. Find the roots (m) of the auxiliary equation (To determine the roots, we may use

)
3. Obtain y
c
=complimentary function








ES21 Handout
hlsmedrano2013 2


Case A. Real, Distinct Roots


Solution:



Example:


Auxiliary equation:


Solution:




Case B. Real, Repeated Roots


Solution:



Example:


Auxiliary equation:




Solution




Case C. Distinct, Imaginary Roots


Solution:



Example:


Auxiliary equation:




Solution



ES21 Handout
hlsmedrano2013 3


Case D. Repeated, Imaginary Roots
Solution:



Example:





Solution:




Exercises:
A. Identify the (a) differential operator, (b) auxiliary equation,(c) find the roots and (d) find the
complimentary function from the following:
1.


2.


3.


4.


B. Find the general solution.
1.


2.


3.


4.


5. Find the solution of a fourth-order linear homogeneous differential equations for x(t) with
real constant coefficients if the roots of its characteristic equation are and
.
6.


7.

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