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Math Properties of Numbers Notes

The sum of any number and zero is the number. Changing the way numbers are grouped when adding or multiplying does not change the sum or product. The sum or product of numbers must belong to the same set as the original numbers.

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650 views

Math Properties of Numbers Notes

The sum of any number and zero is the number. Changing the way numbers are grouped when adding or multiplying does not change the sum or product. The sum or product of numbers must belong to the same set as the original numbers.

Uploaded by

mathstar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The sum of any number and

Additive Identity a+0=a 9+0=9


zero is the number.

A number and its opposite are


Additive Inverse additive inverses of each a + (-a) = 0 8 + (-8) = 0
other and their sum is zero.

Changing the way three or


more numbers are grouped (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) (1+ 2) + 3 = 1 + (2 + 3)
Associative Property when adding or multiplying
does not change the sum or (a • b) • c = a • (b • c) (4 • 5) • 6 = 4 • (5 • 6)
product.

For a + b = c, a, b, and c are all


members of the same set of 2 + 5 = 7 (all whole numbers)
numbers.
The sum or product of two 4 • (-5) = -20 (all integers)
Closure Property numbers belongs to the same For a • b = c, a, b, and c are all
set as the addends or factors. members of the same set of
numbers.
The order in which numbers
are added or multiplied does a+b=b+a 5+4=4+5
Commutative Property
not change the sum or ab = ba 2•6=6•2
product.

The product of a factor and


an expression is equal to the
Distributive Property a(b + c) = ab + ac 3(6 + 7) = 3 • 6 + 3 • 7
sum of the factor times each
term in the expression.

The product of any number


Multiplicative Identity a•1=a 5•1=5
and one is the number.

The product of a non-zero


If a ≠ 0 and b ≠ 0, then a/b •
Multiplicative Inverse fraction and its non-zero 4/7 • 7/4 = 1
b/a = 1
reciprocal is one.

Multiplicative Property of The product of any number


a•0=0 3•0=0
Zero and zero is zero.
3=3
Reflexive Property Any quantity is equal to itself. a =a
2+8=2+8

If a = b, then a may be
A quantity may be substituted
Substitution Property replaced by b in any If n = 7, then 8 + n = 8 + 7.
for its equal in any expression.
expression.

If one quantity equals a If n = 4, then 4 = n.


second quantity, then the
Symmetric Property If a = b, then b = a
second quantity equals the
first. If 5 = 1 + 4, then 1 + 4 = 5.

If one quantity equals a


second quantity, and the
second quantity equals a third If 4 + 2 = 3 + 3 and 3 + 3 = 6,
Transitive Property If a = b and b = c, then a = c.
quantity, then the first then 4 + 2 = 6.
quantity equals the third
quantity.

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