Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Interactive Textbook 1 The Properties of Matter

SECTION
1
What Is Matter?
The Properties of Matter
Name Class Date
CHAPTER 1

After you read this section, you should be able to answer
these questions:

What is matter?

What is volume and mass?

What are mass and weight?

What is inertia?
What Is Matter?
You are made of matter. Matter is anything that has
mass and takes up space. A toaster, a glass of water, and
the air around you are all made of matter.
Matter can be described by its properties. Several proper-
ties of matter are volume, mass, and weight. The liter (L) is
a scientific unit of volume. The kilogram (kg) is the SI unit
for mass, and the newton (N) is the SI unit of weight.
What Is Volume?
All matter takes up space. The amount of space that an
object takes up is known as the objects volume.
Imagine a car driving into a full swimming pool. Some
water would splash out. This happens because the car
and the water have volume. Two objects cant occupy the
same space at the same time.
UNITS OF VOLUME
The SI unit of volume is the cubic meter. The figure
below shows how big a cubic meter is.
The liter (L) is used more often as the scientific unit
for measuring volume. Small volumes of liquid are often
given in milliliters (mL). Remember that 1 L equals
1,000 mL. Any volume of liquid can be described in liters
or milliliters. For example, the volume of a small can of
soda is measured as 0.355 L or 355 mL.

A girl is in a one cubic meter box
holding a meter stick.
BEFORE YOU READ
National Science
Education Standards
PS 1a, 1c
STUDY TIP
Organize Information In
your notebook, make a table
with three columns. Label
the rst column Property of
Matter, the second column
Denition, and the third
column Unit of Measure. As
you read, ll in the columns.
READING CHECK
1. Identify Give a unit of
measure for each of the
following properties:
volume:
mass:
weight:
READING CHECK
2. Dene What is volume?
Math Focus
3. Convert The volume of a
one half gallon carton of milk
is 1.9 L. How many milliliters
is 1.9 L?
NAT_IT_SCK_C01_NMAT_S01_01 1 8/3/06 4:31:42 PM
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Interactive Textbook 2 The Properties of Matter
SECTION 1
Name Class Date
What Is Matter? continued
MEASURING LIQUID VOLUME
At home, you may use a measuring cup to determine a
liquids volume. In class, you may use graduated cylinders
to measure volume.
When you measure an amount of liquid, you must be
careful. If you look closely, you will see that the surface
of water is curved in a glass container. The curve of the
surface of a liquid is called a meniscus.
The meniscus may curve only a small amount, and
may look flat in a large glass container. The amount
of liquid in a container is measured from the lowest
point of the meniscus. When you look at the figure below,
you can see a meniscus.
ph07ci_mat000102a
7 mL
5 mL
3 mL
1 mL

To measure volume correctly, read the scale at the lowest
point of the meniscus. The volume here equals 4.0 mL.
VOLUME OF A REGULARLY SHAPED SOLID OBJECT
The volume of any regularly shaped solid object is mea-
sured in cubic units. The word cubic means that the object
is not flat. The volume of an object is calculated by multi-
plying three measurements: length, width, and height.
It is important to see the difference between cubic
measurements, which mean volume, and square
measurements, which mean area. The figure below
shows the difference between volume and area.
1 m
1 m
1 m
1 m
1 m
Cube Square
The cube has volume. Each face of the cube has area. The square
has only area.
READING CHECK
4. Describe What is a
meniscus?
TAKE A LOOK
5. Draw On the gure, draw
a meniscus that would show
a volume of 6.0 mL.
READING CHECK
6. Identify What do cubic
measurements measure?
7. Identify What do square
measurements measure?
NAT_IT_SCK_C01_NMAT_S01_02 2 8/3/06 4:31:43 PM
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Interactive Textbook 3 The Properties of Matter
SECTION 1
Name Class Date
What Is Matter? continued
Critical Thinking
8. Find What is the area of
each face of the cube shown
in the gure? Remember that
area is length multiplied by
width.
READING CHECK
9. Describe You are given
a toy metal car and asked
to nd its volume. Describe
how you would do this.
FINDING THE VOLUME OF A REGULARLY SHAPED OBJECT
A formula is used to calculate the volume of a regu-
larly shaped object. An example of a regularly shaped
object is a cube.
V 1 m 1 m 1 m 1 m
3
A cube whose length, width, and
height are each 1 m has a volume
of one cubic meter (1 m
3
).
Height
Length
Width
To find the volume (V) of a regularly shaped object,
multiply the area (A) and height (h) as shown in the
following formula:
V A h
Lets do a problem. What is the volume of a box that
has an area of 400 cm
2
and a height of 10 cm?
V A h
V 400 cm
2
10 cm 4,000 cm
3
VOLUME OF AN IRREGULARLY SHAPED OBJECT
One way to measure the volume of an irregularly shaped
object is to put it into a known volume of water. The
increase in volume is equal to the volume of the object.
Remember that objects cannot occupy the same space at
the same time. The figure below shows how much water is
displaced or moved after an object is dropped into it.
The irregularly shaped solid makes the total volume 2 mL larger. So,
its volume is 2 mL.

NAT_IT_SCK_C01_NMAT_S01_03 3 8/3/06 4:31:44 PM

Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Interactive Textbook 4 The Properties of Matter
SECTION 1
Name Class Date
What Is Matter? continued
What Is Mass?
Another property of matter is mass. Mass is a measure
of the amount of matter that makes up an object. For
example, both you and a penny are made of matter. You
are made up of more matter than the penny, so you have
a greater mass.
The mass of an object does not change when the
location of the object changes. The mass of any object
changes only when the amount of matter that makes up
the object changes.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MASS AND WEIGHT
You may think that the terms mass and weight mean
the same thing, but they are very different. Weight is the
measure of the force of gravity on an object. Earth has a
force of gravity that keeps all objects from floating into
space. When you step on a scale, you are seeing how
much force Earth pulls on you. This is known as your
weight.
An objects weight can change depending on where the
object is located. The mass of the object stays the same.
For example, a penny would weigh less on the moon than
here on Earth. This happens because the moon has less
mass and has a lower force of gravity than Earth does.
The mass, or amount of matter in the penny, stays the
same. Only the force of gravity changes.
The table below shows how mass and weight differ.
Mass Weight
How it is
measured?
with a balance

with a scale
What is
measured?
the amount of matter the force of gravity
SI
measurement
units
kilograms newtons
Changes with
the location of
the object?
READING CHECK
10. Describe What does the
mass of an object measure?
[2 WORs] [the amount of
matter in an object]
READING CHECK
11. Identify When you step
on a scale, what is being
measured?
Say It
Brainstorm Form a small
group. Discuss what it would
be like to have a soccer game
on the moon. Think about
how large the eld might be
and the weight of the ball.
TAKE A LOOK
12. Completion Fill in the
two empty boxes. Write
either yes or no.
NAT_IT_SCK_C01_NMAT_S01_04 4 8/3/06 4:31:45 PM
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Interactive Textbook 5 The Properties of Matter
SECTION 1
Name Class Date
What Is Matter? continued
MEASURING MASS AND WEIGHT
The brick and the sponge in the figure below have the
same volume. This is because the brick has larger mass, so
Earth pulls on the brick more than it does on the sponge.
Therefore, the brick weighs more than the sponge.
The brick and the sponge take up
the same amount of space. The brick
contains more matter, so its massand
thus its weightis greater.
The SI unit for mass is the kilogram (kg). Smaller masses
are often measured in grams (g) or milligrams (mg). These
units can be used to give the mass of any object.
Weight is a measure of gravitational force. The SI unit
of weight is the newton (N). One newton is equal to the
weight of an object on Earth with a mass of about 100 g.
What Is Inertia?
Imagine kicking a soccer ball that has the mass of a
bowling ball. It would not only be painful but also very
difficult to move the ball. The reason is inertia. Inertia
is the ability of an object to resist a change in its motion.
Therefore, an object will stay at rest unless something
causes the object to move. Also, a moving object will
keep moving unless something causes it to change speed
or direction.
The mass of an object tells you how much inertia an
object has. An object with a large mass is harder to get
moving and harder to stop than an object with less mass.
The reason is that the object with the larger mass has
more inertia. For example, a truck has more inertia than
a bicycle. If you were trying to get a truck moving by
pushing on it, you might not be able to get it moving at
all. It is much easier to change the motion of a bicycle.
READING CHECK
13. Identify Name three
mass units.
READING CHECK
14. Identify What is the SI
unit for force and its symbol?
READING CHECK
15. Identify What is inertia?
READING CHECK
16. Identify What does the
mass of an object tell you
about its inertia?
NAT_IT_SCK_C01_NMAT_S01_05 5 8/3/06 4:31:46 PM
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Interactive Textbook 6 The Properties of Matter
Name Class Date
Section 1 Review NSES PS 1a, 1c
SECTION VOCABULARY
inertia the tendency of an object to resist being
moved or, if the object is moving, to resist a
change in speed or direction until an outside
force acts on the object
mass a measure of the amount of matter in
an object
matter anything that has mass and takes up space
meniscus a curve at a liquids surface by which
one measures the volume of a liquid.
volume a measure of the size of a body or
region in three-dimensional space.
weight a measure of the gravitational force
exerted on an object; its value can change with
the location of the object in the universe.
1. Describe Why is an apple an example of matter?
2. Explain What is the difference between mass and weight?
3. Identify In the figure below, what is the volume of water in the graduated cylinder?

4. Determine A rock is placed into a graduated cylinder containing 80 mL of water.

What is the volume of the rock if the water level rises to the 120 mL mark?
5. Calculate One airline limits the size of carry-on luggage to a volume of 40,000 cm
3
.
A passenger has a carry-on that has an area of 1,960 cm
2
and is 23 cm high. Is the
passengers luggage OK to carry on the airplane? Show work to prove your answer.
NAT_IT_SCK_C01_NMAT_S01_06 6 8/3/06 4:31:47 PM
Chapter 1 The Properties
of Matter
SECTION 1 WHAT IS MATTER?
1. Volume: liter
Mass: kilogram
Weight: newton
2. The amount of space that an object takes up
is volume.
3. 1,900 mL
4. A meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid
in a container.
5. The student should draw a line that curves
downward from 7 mL to the 6 mL line, then
back to the 7 mL line.
6. volume
7. area
8. 1 m
2
9. Put a known volume of water into a gradu-
ated cylinder. Put the car into the cylinder.
Measure how much the volume increases.
10. the amount of matter in an object
11. weight
12.
Mass Weight
How is it
measured?
with a balance with a scale
What is
measured?
the amount of
matter
the force of
gravity
SI
measurement
units
kilograms newtons
Changes with
the location of
the object?
no yes
13. kilograms, grams, milligrams
14. newton (N)
15. the ability of an object to resist a change in
its motion
16. Objects with higher mass have more inertia.
Review
1. An apple has mass and takes up space.
2. Mass is a measure of how much matter is in
an object. Weight is a measure of the force
due to gravity on an object.
3. 19 mL
4. 40 mL
5. V A h
V 1,960 cm
3
23 cm 45,080 cm
3
No, the luggage is too big.
SECTION 2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1. properties that can be observed and
measured without making a new substance
2. its mass or weight, its density, its
compressibility
3. the amount of matter in a given volume
4. 23 times as much, or 44 g more
5. D
m

__

V

D
28 g

________

1.45 cm
3
19.3 g/cm
3
6. when measured at the same temperature
and pressure
7. zinc
8. If it is denser than water, it will sink.
9. The diet sodaobjects less dense than
water float in the water.
10. the liquid with the lowest density
11. a change that affects the physical properties
of a substance
12. melting
13. a change of state
14. A gas can change into a liquid or into a solid.
15. nothing
Review
1. Divide the mass of the substance by its volume.
2. No, because all the substances are more
dense than methanol.
3. D
m

__

V

D
135 g

______

50 cm
3
2.7 g/cm
3
aluminum
4. The ball with the smaller volume has the
larger density.
5. Its volume must get larger.
SECTION 3 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. change into new matter
2. iron
3. The identity of the substance does not
change when the physical property is
observed; when the chemical property is
observed, the substance changes identity.
K
Introduction to Matter Answer Key
Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Interactive Textbook Answer Key 69 Introduction to Matter
NA_ITB_SC_FM_AK_069 69 8/9/06 12:24:53 PM