Chemical Poperties of Alcohol: Sifat Kimia Alkohol (Etanol)
This document summarizes the chemical properties of ethanol and ethanoic acid. It describes how ethanol is prepared through the fermentation of glucose by yeast. Ethanol can then be purified through fractional distillation. The document outlines several chemical reactions of ethanol including combustion, oxidation to produce ethanoic acid, and dehydration to produce an alkene. It also discusses the preparation and chemical properties of ethanoic acid, including how it forms salts with metals and reacts with alcohols to form esters.
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Chemical Poperties of Alcohol: Sifat Kimia Alkohol (Etanol)
This document summarizes the chemical properties of ethanol and ethanoic acid. It describes how ethanol is prepared through the fermentation of glucose by yeast. Ethanol can then be purified through fractional distillation. The document outlines several chemical reactions of ethanol including combustion, oxidation to produce ethanoic acid, and dehydration to produce an alkene. It also discusses the preparation and chemical properties of ethanoic acid, including how it forms salts with metals and reacts with alcohols to form esters.
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sifat Kimia Alkohol (Etanol)
Chemical Poperties of alcohol
Penyediaan Etanol - Dalam makmal penapaian glukosa Preparation of ethanol. - Laboratory preparation (fermentation of glucose) Penyediaan Etanol 2 Peringkat: 1. Penapaian 2. Penulenan
Preparation of Ethanol Fermentation Two stages: 1. Fermentation 2. Purification - through fractional distillation at 78 o C ( boiling point of ETHANOL) Penapaian Glukosa Yis ditambahkan kepada gula atau kanji Berlaku proses anaerobik dgn kehadiran oksigen Yis membebaskan enzim, memecahkankan molekul gula/kanji kepada glukos, C 6 H 12 O 6 Enzim zimase menguraikan glikosa kepada etanol dan karbon dioksida
Fermentation of Glucose 1. Yeast is added to sugar or starch. 2. Anaerobic process ( takes place in the absence of oxygen). 3.Yeast releases enzymes. These enzymes break down the sugars/starch into glucose, C 6 H 12 O 6 . 4. Zymase slowly decomposes the glucose to form ethanol and carbon dioxide. Zymase C 6 H 12 O 6 (aq) 2C 2 H 5 OH + 2CO 2
30 o C
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Thermometer Fractioning collum Liebig condenser Water in Water out Product from fermentation Porcelain chips Retort stand with clamp Distillate (Ethanol) Bunsen burner Rounded conical Water Wire gauge Sifat Kimia Pembakaran Sangat mudah terbakar , tanpa jelaga, membebaskan banyak haba, pembakaran bersih
Chemical Properties Combustion very flammable sustances, non-smoky and blue flame, releases lot of heat. Suitable for use as fuel, described as clean fuel.
C 2 H 5 OH + 3O 2 2CO 2 + 3H 2 O Ethanol Oxygen Carbon Water dioxide
Pengoksidaan Etanol boleh dioksidakan menjadi asid karboksilik yang sepadan dengan menggunakan agen pengoksidaan
Oxidation i. Ethanol can be oxidised into ethanoic acid by an oxidising agent. [Ethanoic acid is a family of carboxilic acids]
C 2 H 5 OH + 2[O] CH 3 COOH + H 2 O Ethanol Ethanoic acid
Dehydration - H 2 O
ALCOHOL ALKENE 1. Converted ethanol into ethene and a molecule of water. 2. The elimination of water results the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond. Dehidrasi
- Alkohol menjadi alkena yang sepadan apabila air disingkirkan - Penyigkiran air akan menyebabkan pembentukan ikatan gandadua Sifat Kimia Asid Karboksilik Penyediaan Asid karboksilik
Disediakan melalui pengoksidaan alkohol membentuk asid karboksilik yang sepadan Can be prepared through oxidation of an alcohol to produce carboxylic acid
Persamaan:
C 2 H 5 OH + 2[O] CH 3 COOH + H 2 O Etanol asid etanoik
H H
H C C OH
H H H O
H C C OH
H + 2[O] + H 2 O K 2 Cr 2 O 7 solutions +
dilute H 2 SO 4
reflux Lain-lain sifat kimia asid kaboksilik adalah sama seperti sifat kimia asid yang lain
Terion separa di dalam air
Bertindak balas dengan logam reaktif (Zn, Mg, Al) menghasilkan garam dan gas hidrogen
Bertindak balas dengan alkali menghasilkan garam dan air 2CH 3 COOH + Mg Mg(CH 3 COO) 2 + H 2
Ethanoic acid Magnesium ethanoate
CH 3 COOH + NaOH CH 3 COONa + H 2 O Ethanoic acid Sodium ethanoate Bertindak balas dengan logam karbonat menghasilkan garam, gas karbon dioksida dan air 2CH 3 COOH + Na 2 CO 3 2CH 3 COONa + CO 2 + H 2 O Ethanoic acid Sodium ethanoate 2CH 3 COOH + CaCO 3 Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O Ethanoic acid Calcium ethanoate Bertindak balas dengan alkohol menghasilkan ester dan air Sifat Kimia Ester Pengesteran Esterification
Asid karboksilik bertindak balas dengan alkohol menghasilkan ester dan air - Carboxilic acid reacts with alcohol to produce ester and water.