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Default Tone Attitude of The Default Tone Other Tones and Their Attitude (S) Additional Notes

This document discusses the default tone used in statements and how it conveys finality and confidence. It also describes other tones that can be used and what attitudes they may indicate, such as tentative-ness, politeness, or defensiveness. The tones discussed in relation to different types of utterances like questions, commands, exclamations and interjections, and how they may convey meanings like encouragement versus formality.

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Daniel Frazón
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38 views

Default Tone Attitude of The Default Tone Other Tones and Their Attitude (S) Additional Notes

This document discusses the default tone used in statements and how it conveys finality and confidence. It also describes other tones that can be used and what attitudes they may indicate, such as tentative-ness, politeness, or defensiveness. The tones discussed in relation to different types of utterances like questions, commands, exclamations and interjections, and how they may convey meanings like encouragement versus formality.

Uploaded by

Daniel Frazón
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEFAULT TONE

ATTITUDE OF THE
DEFAULT TONE

OTHER TONES AND THEIR
ATTITUDE(S)

ADDITIONAL NOTES






STATEMENTS





Fall (unless theres a
particular reason to
use some other tone)





Finality, completion,
confidence on the part of the
speaker; this is what we call
a DEFINITIVE FALL.



Implicational fall-rise; it might
indicate that:
a) somethings left unsaid;
b) the speaker is tentative about
what theyre saying;
c) the speaker wants to be polite
if theyre correcting someone.

It is often used in negative
statements.




Yes, no, and elliptical answers typically have a definitive fall.

Contradictions can be said with:

a) Rise: defensiveness.
b) Fall: warmth.

WH-QUESTIONS

Fall

Businesslike

Rise: more gentle, sympathetic, and
encouraging.


YES-NO
QUESTIONS

Rise


TAG QUESTIONS

Fall/ Rise
Fall: appealing for
agreement; Rise: genuinely
asking for information.
In echo questions:
Rise: to ask for repetition.
Fall: to ask for clarification.

EXCLAMATIONS

Fall (exclamatory
fall)




COMMANDS


Definitive fall


Authoritative
a) Rise (in short commands): to
encourage the other speaker to
continue.
b) Implicational fall-rise: to warn.
c) Fall-rise (in negative
commands): without necessarily
implying a warning.





INTERJECTIONS




Exclamatory fall



Encouraging rise: inviting the other
person to speak or continue speaking.
Calling someone by name:
a) Rise/fall-rise: to try to get their attention.
b) Fall: straightforward greeting.
Greetings:
a) Fall: formal.
b) Rise: personal.

Farewells: Definitive fall, though they usually have a rise (that
indicates good will).

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