Multi Spindle Drilling Machine Project File
Multi Spindle Drilling Machine Project File
By
ROHIT SINGH - 3910606
RAHUL SHARMA - 3910607
SUKHDEEP SINGH - 3910631
RAVI SINGH - 3910650
SUBMITTED TO
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT
NOV, 2013
INTRODUCTION
Drill press
or drilling machine
Machine tool for producing holes in hard substances. The drill is held in a rotating
spindle and is fed into the workpiece, which is usually clamped in a vise supported on a
table. The drill may be gripped in a chuck with three jaws that move radially in unison, or
it may have a tapered shank that fits into a tapered hole in the spindle. Means are
provided for varying the spindle speed and (on some machines) for automatically feeding
the drill into the workpiece
Drilling Machine
a machine for making holes with removal of chips. Drilling machines are used for
drilling, boring, countersinking, reaming, and tapping. Several types are used in
metalworking: vertical drilling machines, horizontal drilling machines, center-drilling
machines, gang drilling machines, multiple-spindle drilling machines, and specialpurpose drilling machines.
Vertical drilling machines are the most widely used in metalworking. They are used to
make holes in relatively small work-pieces in individual and small-lot production; they
are also used in maintenance shops. The tool, such as a drill, countersink, or reamer, is
fastened on a vertical spindle, and the work-piece is secured on the table of the machine.
The axes of the tool and the hole to be drilled are aligned by moving the workpiece.
Programmed control is also used to orient the workpiece and to automate the operation.
Bench-mounted machines, usually of the single-spindle type, are used to make holes up
to 12 mm in diameter, for instance, in instrument-making.
Heavy and large workpieces and workpieces with holes located along a curved edge are
worked on radial drilling machines. Here the axes of the tool and the hole to be drilled are
aligned by moving the spindle relative to the stationary work-piece.
Horizontal drilling machines are usually used to make deep holes, for instance, in axles,
shafts, and gun barrels for firearms and artillery pieces.
Center-drilling machines are used to drill centers in the ends of blanks. They are
sometimes equipped with supports that can cut off the blank before centering, and in such
cases they are called center-drilling machines. Gang drilling machines with more than
one drill head are used to produce several holes at one time. Multiple-spindle drilling
machines feature automation of the work process. Such machines can be assembled from
several standardized, self-contained heads with electric motors and reduction gears that
rotate the spindle and feed the head. There are one-, two-, and three-sided multiplespindle drilling machines with vertical, horizontal, and inclined spindles for drilling and
tapping. Several dozen such spindles may be mounted on a single machine. Specialpurpose drilling machines, on which a limited range of operations is performed, are
equipped with various automated devices.
The gun drill is supported by anti-whip devices along the shank length and at the rear of
the chip box. The chip box contains a chip deflector and a front end bushing which
guides the drill into the workpiece. The chip box also contains escaping chips and
lubricant,
which
are
separated
and
filtered.
Gundrilling machines come in many variations, from single spindle manual models to
CNC units with multiple spindles of different designs. They can be integrated into
transfer lines or be part of a machining or turning center. Gun drilling is also becoming
popular as a retrofit package for both conventional and CNC machines.
What Is Gun Drilling?
Gun drilling is a process that produces deep, straight holes in a variety of materials. A
gundrill tool differs from a conventional twist drill by its unique head geometry; a
standard gundrill has a single effective cutting edge. Guide pads burnish the hole while
drilling, allowing the hole to maintain straightness. The result of this burnishing activity
is a very round hole with a precision diameter.
Gun drilling was initially developed for drilling gun barrels. Armament manufacturing
continues to be a common use of this process. Other common industries include energy,
oil and gas exploration, engines, diesel fuel components, and plastic injection molds.
Learn more, including the history of gun drilling, in our technical article from APMEN
magazine.
Holes deeper than 20:1 generally require a dedicated gundrilling machine to achieve
highest productivity and process reliability.
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The drilling operation can also be accomplished in lathe, in which the drill is
held in tailstock and the work is held by the chuck.
Drilling Machine
The work piece is held stationary ie. Clamped in position and the drill rotates to
make a hole.
Types
1) Based on construction:
Portable,
Sensitive,
Radial,
up-right,
Gang,
Multi-spindle
2) Based on Feed:
Hand driven
Power driven
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Sleeve
The sleeve or quill assembly does not revolve but may slide in its bearing in a
direction parallel to its axis. When the sleeve carrying the spindle with a cutting tool is
lowered, the cutting tool is fed into the work: and when its moved upward, the cutting
tool is withdrawn from the work. Feed pressure applied to the sleeve by hand or power
causes the revolving drill to cut its way into the work a fraction of an mm per revolution.
Column
The column is cylindrical in shape and built rugged and solid. The column
supports the head and the sleeve or quill assembly.
Head
The head of the drilling machine is composed of the sleeve, a spindle, an electric
motor and feed mechanism. The head is bolted to the column.
Worktable
The worktable is supported on an arm mounted to the column. The worktable can
be adjusted vertically to accommodate different heights of work or it can be swung
completely out of the way. It may be tilted up to 90 degree in either direction, to allow
long pieces to be end or angle drilled.
Base
The base of the drilling machine supports the entire machine and when bolted to
the floor, provides for vibration-free operation and best machining accuracy. The top of
the base is similar to the worktable and may be equipped with t- slot for mounting work
too larger for the table.
Hand Feed
The hand- feed drilling machines are the simplest and most common type of
drilling machines in use today. These are light duty machine that are operated by the
operator, using a feed handled, so that the operator is able to feel the action of the
cutting tool as it cuts through the work piece. These drilling machines can be bench or
floor mounted.
Power feed
The power feed drilling machine are usually larger and heavier than the hand feed
ones they are equipped with the ability to feed the cutting tool in to the work
automatically, at preset depth of cut per revolution of the spindle these machines are used
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in maintenance for medium duty work or the work that uses large drills that require
power feed larger work pieces are usually clamped directly to the table or base using t
bolts and clamps by a small work places are held in a vise. A depth stop mechanism is
located on the head, near the spindle, to aid in drilling to a precise depth.
This type of drill machine is used for very light works. Fig.1 illustrates the sketch
of sensitive drilling machine.
The vertical column carries a swiveling table the height of which can be adjusted
according to the work piece height.
The table can also be swung to any desired position.
At the top of the column there are two pulleys connected by a belt, one pulley is
mounted on the motor shaft and other on the machine spindle.
Vertical movement to the spindle is given by the feed handle by the operator.
Operator senses the cutting action so sensitive drilling machine.
Drill holes from 1.5 to 15mm
It the largest and most versatile used for drilling medium to large and heavy work
pieces.
Radial drilling machine belong to power feed type.
The column and radial drilling machine supports the radial arm, drill head and
motor. Fig.3 shows the line sketch of radial drilling machine.
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The radial arm slides up and down on the column with the help of elevating screw
provided on the side of the column, which is driven by a motor.
The drill head is mounted on the radial arm and moves on the guide ways
provided the radial arm can also be swiveled around the column.
The drill head is equipped with a separate motor to drive the spindle, which
carries the drill bit. A drill head may be moved on the arm manually or by power.
Feed can be either manual or automatic with reversal mechanism.
Drill Materials
The two most common types are
1. HSS drill
- Low cost
2. Carbide- tipped drills
- high production and in CNC machines
Other types are
Solid Carbide drill, TiN coated drills, carbide coated masonry drills, parabolic
drills, split point drill. Fig.4 shows various types of drills
ypes of drills
Twist drill: most
common drill
Step drill:
produces holes
of two or more
different
diameters
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Tool Nomenclature
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Drilling operations
Operations that can be performed in a drilling machine are
Drilling
Reaming
Boring
Counter boring
Countersinking
Tapping
Drilling:
It is an operation by which holes are produced in solid metal by means of revolving tool
called Drill. Fig. 9 shows the various operations on drilling machine.
Reaming:
Reaming is accurate way of sizing and finishing the pre-existing hole.
Multi tooth cutting tool. Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved
Boring:
Boring is a process of enlarging an existing hole by a single point cutting tool. Boring
operation is often preferred because we can correct hole size, or alignment and can
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produce smooth finish. Boring tool is held in the boring bar which has the shank.
Accuracy of 0.005mm can be achieved.
.
Fig. 9 Various operations on drilling machine
Counter Bore :This operation uses a pilot to guide the cutting action to accommodate the heads
of bolts. Fig. 10 illustrates the counter boring, countersunk and spot facing processes.
Countersink:Special angled cone shaped enlargement at the end of the hole to accommodate
the screws. Cone angles of 60, 82, 90, 100, 110, 120
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Tapping:Tapping is the process by which internal threads are formed. It is performed either
by hand or by machine. Minor diameter of the thread is drilled and then tapping is done.
Fig. 11 show the tapping processes.
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6. Jigs
The jig guides the drill through a bushing to locate and drill holes
accurately.
7. T- Slots Bolt
These are special bolts which has a T shaped head, which slides into the T
slots of drilling machine work table.
Definitions
1. Cutting Speed (v):Its the peripheral speed of the drill.The cutting speed depends upon the properties
of the material being drilled, drill material, drill diameter, rate of speed, coolant used
etc
v = *D*N where
D = dia of the drill in m
N = Speed of rotation in rpm
2. Feed Rate (f):Its the movement of drill along the axis (rpm)
3. Depth of Cut (d):The distance from the machined surface to the drill axis.
d=D/2
As the depth of hole increases, the chip ejection becomes more difficult and the
fresh cutting fluid is not able to cutting zone. Hence for machining the lengthy hole
special type of drill called gun drill is used.
4. Material Removal Rate:Its the volume of material removed by the drill per unit time
MRR = ( D2 / 4) * f * N mm3 / min
5. Machining Time (T) :20
It depends upon the length (l) of the hole to be drilled , to the Speed (N) and feed
(f) of the drill
t = L / f N min
Safety Precautions
Do not support the work piece by hand use work holding device.
Use brush to clean the chip
No adjustments while the machine is operating
Ensure for the cutting tools running straight before starting the operation.
Never place tools on the drilling table
Avoid loose clothing and protect the eyes.
Ease the feed if drill breaks inside the work piece.
Problems
1. Calculate the speed of the drill bit to drill a hole of dia 20mm where the cutting speed
is 25mts/min.
N [rpm] = ( * D *N)/1000
= (25 * 1000) / ( * 20)
= 397.8rpm
2. The dia of one end of a taper plug is 150mm and dia of the other end is 80mm and the
length is 300mm. Calculate its taper.
Taper per mm = (D-d)/L
= (150-80)/ 300
= 0.233mm
3. . The dia of one end of a taper plug is 150mm and dia of the other end is 80mm and the
length is 300mm. Calculate its taper angle.
Tan /2= (D-d)/2 L
= (150-80)/ 2*300
= 6.65
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Review Questions:
Part A
1. What is meant by drilling?
2. Which tool is commonly used for drilling?
3. Name the different types of drilling machine?
4. What is meant by hand feed?
5. What is meant by power feed?
6. What are the salient features of radial drilling machine?
7. What are the different ways to mount the drilling tool?
8. Name the different types of drilling operations?
9. What is meant by reaming?
10. What is boring?
11. What is the difference between reaming and boring?
12. What is counter boring?
13. What is countersinking?
14. What is the purpose of tapping operation?
15. Name some work holding devices?
Part B
1.
2.
3.
4.
Explain with neat sketch the salient features of radial drilling machine?
Draw and explain the working principle of upright drilling machine?
With neat sketch describe the nomenclature of twist drill?
Discuss is detail with diagram the various operations that can be performed in
drilling machine
WORKING PRINCIPLE
A Multi spindle drilling machine will drill a number of parallel holes
simultaneously in a work piece. Multi spindle drilling machines are employed for
work of a light character, especially repetition work, such as drilling small
components for the Automobile and Aircraft industries. A Multi spindle drilling
machine has a number of drill spindles driven by a single motor. All the spindles
holding the drills are fed in to the work piece at the same time. For this purpose,
either the drill heads can be lowered onto the work piece or the work table is
raised.
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Through the Main Eccentric and the revolutionary motion of the Revolving
plate is converted into rotary motion of the Drill holding Eccentrics.
The
APPLICATIONS
In this type of machine number of holes is drilled in the work piece at a time.
This machine is used in mass production. The work pieces drilled in this machine
are as follows:
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CONSTRUCTION
TAPER SHANK
DRILL CHUCK
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SPUR GEAR
BOLT
WASHER
26
SPUR GEAR
NUT
27
PLATE
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