SEBU8570-01

August 2010

Operation and
Maintenance
Manual
C9.3 Industrial Engine
C9N1-Up (Engine)

SAFETY.CAT.COM

i03991620

Important Safety Information

Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to observe
basic safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially hazardous
situations before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards. This person should also
have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform these functions properly.
Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and
could result in injury or death.
Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you have
read and understood the operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information.
Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard warnings
are not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons.
The hazards are identified by the Safety Alert Symbol and followed by a Signal Word such as
DANGER, WARNING or CAUTION. The Safety Alert WARNING label is shown below.

The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:

Attention! Become Alert! Your Safety is Involved.
The message that appears under the warning explains the hazard and can be either written or pictorially
presented.
A non-exhaustive list of operations that may cause product damage are identified by NOTICE labels
on the product and in this publication.
Caterpillar cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard.
The warnings in this publication and on the product are, therefore, not all inclusive. You must
not use this product in any manner different from that considered by this manual without first
satisfying yourself that you have considered all safety rules and precautions applicable to the
operation of the product in the location of use, including site-specific rules and precautions
applicable to the worksite. If a tool, procedure, work method or operating technique that is not
specifically recommended by Caterpillar is used, you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you
and for others. You should also ensure that the product will not be damaged or become unsafe by
the operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair procedures that you intend to use.
The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information that
was available at the time that the publication was written. The specifications, torques, pressures,
measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other items can change at any time. These changes can
affect the service that is given to the product. Obtain the complete and most current information before you
start any job. Cat dealers have the most current information available.

When replacement parts are required for this

product Caterpillar recommends using Cat replacement parts or parts with equivalent specifications including, but not limited to, physical
dimensions, type, strength and material.
Failure to heed this warning can lead to premature failures, product damage, personal injury or
death.
In the United States, the maintenance, replacement, or repair of the emission control devices and
systems may be performed by any repair establishment or individual of the owner's choosing.

SEBU8570-01

Table of Contents

3
Table of Contents

Warranty Section
Warranty Information .......................................... 100

Foreword ................................................................. 4

Safety Section
Safety Messages .................................................... 6
General Hazard Information ................................... 9
Burn Prevention .................................................... 12
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention ............ 12
Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention ........ 14
Mounting and Dismounting ................................... 15
Before Starting Engine .......................................... 15
Engine Starting ..................................................... 15
Engine Stopping ................................................... 16
Electrical System .................................................. 16
Engine Electronics ................................................ 17

Product Information Section

Model Views ......................................................... 18
Product Identification Information ........................ 23

Operation Section
Lifting and Storage ................................................ 25
Features and Controls .......................................... 27
Engine Diagnostics ............................................... 32
Engine Starting ..................................................... 45
Engine Operation .................................................. 49
Engine Stopping ................................................... 53
Cold Weather Operation ....................................... 54

Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities .................................................... 56
Maintenance Recommendations .......................... 61
Maintenance Interval Schedule ............................ 63

Reference Information Section

Engine Ratings ................................................... 101
Customer Service ............................................... 103
Reference Materials ............................................ 105

Index Section
Index ................................................................... 108

4
Foreword

Foreword
Literature Information
This manual contains safety, operation instructions,
lubrication and maintenance information. This
manual should be stored in or near the engine area
in a literature holder or literature storage area. Read,
study and keep it with the literature and engine
information.
English is the primary language for all Caterpillar
publications. The English used facilitates translation
and consistency in electronic media delivery.
Some photographs or illustrations in this manual
show details or attachments that may be different
from your engine. Guards and covers may have
been removed for illustrative purposes. Continuing
improvement and advancement of product design
may have caused changes to your engine which are
not included in this manual. Whenever a question
arises regarding your engine, or this manual, please
consult with your Caterpillar dealer for the latest
available information.

Safety
This safety section lists basic safety precautions.
In addition, this section identifies hazardous,
warning situations. Read and understand the basic
precautions listed in the safety section before
operating or performing lubrication, maintenance and
repair on this product.

Operation
Operating techniques outlined in this manual are
basic. They assist with developing the skills and
techniques required to operate the engine more
efficiently and economically. Skill and techniques
develop as the operator gains knowledge of the
engine and its capabilities.
The operation section is a reference for operators.
Photographs and illustrations guide the operator
through procedures of inspecting, starting, operating
and stopping the engine. This section also includes a
discussion of electronic diagnostic information.

Maintenance
The maintenance section is a guide to engine care.
The illustrated, step-by-step instructions are grouped
by fuel consumption, service hours and/or calendar
time maintenance intervals. Items in the maintenance
schedule are referenced to detailed instructions that
follow.

SEBU8570-01

Use fuel consumption or service hours to determine

intervals. Calendar intervals shown (daily, annually,
etc.) may be used instead of service meter intervals
if they provide more convenient schedules and
approximate the indicated service meter reading.
Recommended service should be performed at the
appropriate intervals as indicated in the Maintenance
Interval Schedule. The actual operating environment
of the engine also governs the Maintenance Interval
Schedule. Therefore, under extremely severe,
dusty, wet or freezing cold operating conditions,
more frequent lubrication and maintenance than is
specified in the Maintenance Interval Schedule may
be necessary.
The maintenance schedule items are organized for
a preventive maintenance management program. If
the preventive maintenance program is followed, a
periodic tune-up is not required. The implementation
of a preventive maintenance management program
should minimize operating costs through cost
avoidances resulting from reductions in unscheduled
downtime and failures.

Maintenance Intervals
Perform maintenance on items at multiples of the
original requirement. Each level and/or individual
items in each level should be shifted ahead or back
depending upon your specific maintenance practices,
operation and application. We recommend that
the maintenance schedules be reproduced and
displayed near the engine as a convenient reminder.
We also recommend that a maintenance record be
maintained as part of the engine's permanent record.
See the section in the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Maintenance Records for information
regarding documents that are generally accepted
as proof of maintenance or repair. Your authorized
Caterpillar dealer can assist you in adjusting your
maintenance schedule to meet the needs of your
operating environment.

Overhaul
Major engine overhaul details are not covered in the
Operation and Maintenance Manual except for the
interval and the maintenance items in that interval.
Major repairs are best left to trained personnel or
an authorized Caterpillar dealer. Your Caterpillar
dealer offers a variety of options regarding overhaul
programs. If you experience a major engine failure,
there are also numerous after failure overhaul options
available from your Caterpillar dealer. Consult with
your dealer for information regarding these options.

SEBU8570-01

California Proposition 65 Warning

Diesel engine exhaust and some of its constituents
are known to the State of California to cause cancer,
birth defects, and other reproductive harm.
Battery posts, terminals and related accessories
contain lead and lead compounds. Wash hands
after handling.

5
Foreword

6
Safety Section
Safety Messages

SEBU8570-01

Safety Section
i04022036

Safety Messages
SMCS Code: 1000; 7405
There may be several specific safety messages on
your engine. The exact location and a description of
the safety messages are reviewed in this section.
Please become familiar with all safety messages.
Ensure that all of the safety messages are legible.
Clean the safety messages or replace the safety
messages if the words cannot be read or if the
illustrations are not visible. Use a cloth, water,
and soap to clean the safety messages. Do not
use solvents, gasoline, or other harsh chemicals.
Solvents, gasoline, or harsh chemicals could loosen
the adhesive that secures the safety messages. The
safety messages that are loosened could drop off
the engine.
Replace any safety message that is damaged or
missing. If a safety message is attached to a part
of the engine that is replaced, install a new safety
message on the replacement part. Your Caterpillar
dealer can provide new safety messages.

SEBU8570-01

Illustration 1
View of the left side and view of the right side of a C9.3 Industrial Engine

7
Safety Section
Safety Messages

g02199153

8
Safety Section
Safety Messages

SEBU8570-01

Universal Warning (1)

Illustration 2

High Pressure (2)

g01370904

Illustration 3

g01381180

One safety message is located on the left side of the

front housing. One safety message is located on the
base for the oil filter, on the right side of the engine.

One safety message for high pressure (2) is located

on the bottom of the fuel pump. Two messages are
located on the fuel rail.

Do not operate or work on this equipment unless

you have read and understand the instructions
and warnings in the Operation and Maintenance
Manual. Failure to follow the instructions or heed
the warnings could result in injury or death. Contact any Caterpillar dealer for replacement manuals. Proper care is your responsibility.

Contact with high pressure fuel may cause fluid

penetration and burn hazards. High pressure fuel spray may cause a fire hazard. Failure to follow these inspection, maintenance and service instructions may cause personal injury or death.

SEBU8570-01

9
Safety Section
General Hazard Information

Sulfuric Acid Burn (3)

i03704500

General Hazard Information

SMCS Code: 1000; 7405

Illustration 5

Illustration 4

g01382725

The safety message for sulfuric acid burn (3) is

located on top of the exhaust cooler.

Sulfuric Acid Burn Hazard may cause serious personal injury or death.
The exhaust gas cooler may contain a small
amount of sulfuric acid. The use of fuel with sulfur levels greater than 15 ppm may increase the
amount of sulfuric acid formed. The sulfuric acid
may spill from the cooler during service of the
engine. The sulfuric acid will burn the eyes, skin
and clothing on contact. Always wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) that
is noted on a material safety data sheet (MSDS)
for sulfuric acid. Always follow the directions for
first aid that are noted on a material safety data
sheet (MSDS) for sulfuric acid.

g00104545

Attach a Do Not Operate warning tag or a similar

warning tag to the start switch or to the controls
before the engine is serviced or before the engine is
repaired. These warning tags (Special Instruction,
SEHS7332) are available from your Caterpillar
dealer. Attach the warning tags to the engine and to
each operator control station. When it is appropriate,
disconnect the starting controls.
Do not allow unauthorized personnel on the engine,
or around the engine when the engine is being
serviced.
Engine exhaust contains products of combustion
which may be harmful to your health. Always start the
engine and operate the engine in a well ventilated
area. If the engine is in an enclosed area, vent the
engine exhaust to the outside.
Cautiously remove the following parts. To help
prevent spraying or splashing of pressurized fluids,
hold a rag over the part that is being removed.

Filler caps
Grease fittings
Pressure taps
Breathers
Drain plugs
Use caution when cover plates are removed.
Gradually loosen, but do not remove the last two
bolts or nuts that are located at opposite ends of
the cover plate or the device. Before removing the
last two bolts or nuts, pry the cover loose in order to
relieve any spring pressure or other pressure.

10
Safety Section
General Hazard Information

SEBU8570-01

Pressurized Air and Water

Pressurized air and/or water can cause debris
and/or hot water to be blown out. This could result in
personal injury.
When pressurized air and/or pressurized water is
used for cleaning, wear protective clothing, protective
shoes, and eye protection. Eye protection includes
goggles or a protective face shield.

Illustration 6

g00702020

Wear a hard hat, protective glasses, and other

The maximum air pressure for cleaning purposes

must be below 205 kPa (30 psi) when the air nozzle
is deadheaded. The maximum water pressure for
cleaning purposes must be below 275 kPa (40 psi).

Fluid Penetration

protective equipment, as required.

When work is performed around an engine that is

operating, wear protective devices for ears in order

to help prevent damage to hearing.

Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry that can snag

on controls or on other parts of the engine.

Ensure that all protective guards and all covers are

secured in place on the engine.

Never put maintenance fluids into glass containers.

Glass containers can break.

Use all cleaning solutions with care.

Illustration 7

g00687600

The engine is stopped. Ensure that the engine

Always use a board or cardboard when you check

for a leak. Leaking fluid that is under pressure can
penetrate body tissue. Fluid penetration can cause
serious injury and possible death. A pin hole leak can
cause severe injury. If fluid is injected into your skin,
you must get treatment immediately. Seek treatment
from a doctor that is familiar with this type of injury.

The protective locks or the controls are in the

Containing Fluid Spillage

Report all necessary repairs.

Unless other instructions are provided, perform
the maintenance under the following conditions:
cannot be started.
applied position.

For initial start-up of a new engine or for starting an

NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to
collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids.

Start the engine with the operator controls. Never

Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar

Dealer Service Tool Catalog or refer to Special Publication, PECJ0003, Caterpillar Shop Supplies and
Tools Catalog for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpillar products.

Disconnect the batteries when maintenance

is performed or when the electrical system is

serviced. Disconnect the battery ground leads.
Tape the leads in order to help prevent sparks.
engine that has been serviced, make provisions to
stop the engine if an overspeed occurs. This may
be accomplished by shutting off the fuel supply
and/or the air supply to the engine.
short across the starting motor terminals or the
batteries. This could bypass the engine neutral
start system and/or the electrical system could be
damaged.

Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and

mandates.

SEBU8570-01

11
Safety Section
General Hazard Information

Asbestos Information

Comply with applicable rules and regulations

for the work place. In the United States, use

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) requirements. These OSHA requirements
can be found in 29 CFR 1910.1001.

Obey environmental regulations for the disposal

of asbestos.

Stay away from areas that might have asbestos

particles in the air.

Lines, Tubes, and Hoses

Illustration 8

g00702022

Caterpillar equipment and replacement parts that are

shipped from Caterpillar are asbestos free. Caterpillar
recommends the use of only genuine Caterpillar
replacement parts. Use the following guidelines
when you handle any replacement parts that contain
asbestos or when you handle asbestos debris.
Use caution. Avoid inhaling dust that might be
generated when you handle components that contain
asbestos fibers. Inhaling this dust can be hazardous
to your health. The components that may contain
asbestos fibers are brake pads, brake bands, lining
material, clutch plates, and some gaskets. The
asbestos that is used in these components is usually
bound in a resin or sealed in some way. Normal
handling is not hazardous unless airborne dust that
contains asbestos is generated.

Do not bend or strike high pressure lines. Do not

install lines, tubes, or hoses that are damaged.
Repair any fuel lines, oil lines, tubes, or hoses that
are loose or damaged. Leaks can cause fires.
Inspect all lines, tubes and hoses carefully. Do
not use bare hands to check for leaks. Always
use a board or cardboard for checking engine
components for leaks. Tighten all connections to the
recommended torque.
Check for the following conditions:

End fittings that are damaged or leaking

Outer covering that is chafed or cut
Wire that is exposed in reinforced hose
Outer covering that is ballooning locally

If dust that may contain asbestos is present, there

are several guidelines that should be followed:

Flexible part of the hose that is kinked or crushed

Never use compressed air for cleaning.

Armoring that is embedded in the outer covering

Avoid brushing materials that contain asbestos.

Ensure that all of the clamps, the guards, and the

heat shields are installed correctly. This will help to
prevent these effects: vibration, rubbing against other
parts, and excessive heat during operation.

Avoid grinding materials that contain asbestos.

Use a wet method in order to clean up asbestos
materials.

A vacuum cleaner that is equipped with a high

efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) can also be

used.

Use exhaust ventilation on permanent machining

jobs.

Wear an approved respirator if there is no other

way to control the dust.

12
Safety Section
Burn Prevention

SEBU8570-01

Dispose of Waste Properly

Cooling system conditioner contains alkali. Alkali can

cause personal injury. Do not allow alkali to contact
the skin, the eyes, or the mouth.

Oils
Hot oil and hot lubricating components can cause
personal injury. Do not allow hot oil to contact the
skin. Also, do not allow hot components to contact
the skin.

Batteries

Illustration 9

g00706404

Improperly disposing of waste can threaten the

environment. Potentially harmful fluids should be
disposed of according to local regulations.
Always use leakproof containers when you drain
fluids. Do not pour waste onto the ground, down a
drain, or into any source of water.

Electrolyte is an acid. Electrolyte can cause personal

injury. Do not allow electrolyte to contact the skin or
the eyes. Always wear protective glasses for servicing
batteries. Wash hands after touching the batteries
and connectors. Use of gloves is recommended.
i03649377

Fire Prevention and Explosion

Prevention
SMCS Code: 1000; 7405

i01480768

Burn Prevention
SMCS Code: 1000; 7405
Do not touch any part of an operating engine.
Allow the engine to cool before any maintenance
is performed on the engine. Relieve all pressure
in the air system, in the hydraulic system, in the
lubrication system, in the fuel system, or in the
cooling system before any lines, fittings or related
items are disconnected.

Coolant
When the engine is at operating temperature, the
engine coolant is hot. The coolant is also under
pressure. The radiator and all lines to the heaters or
to the engine contain hot coolant.
Any contact with hot coolant or with steam can cause
severe burns. Allow cooling system components to
cool before the cooling system is drained.

Illustration 10

g00704000

Use of personal protection equipment (PPE) may be

needed.
All fuels, most lubricants, and some coolant mixtures
are flammable.

Check the coolant level after the engine has stopped

and the engine has been allowed to cool.

Always perform a Walk-Around Inspection, which

may help you identify a fire hazard. Do not operate
a product when a fire hazard exists. Contact your
Caterpillar dealer for service.

Ensure that the filler cap is cool before removing the

filler cap. The filler cap must be cool enough to touch
with a bare hand. Remove the filler cap slowly in
order to relieve pressure.

Flammable fluids that are leaking or spilled onto hot

surfaces or onto electrical components can cause
a fire. Fire may cause personal injury and property
damage.

SEBU8570-01

A flash fire may result if the covers for the engine

crankcase are removed within fifteen minutes after
an emergency shutdown.
Determine whether the engine will be operated in an
environment that allows combustible gases to be
drawn into the air inlet system. These gases could
cause the engine to overspeed. Personal injury,
property damage, or engine damage could result.

13
Safety Section
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention

Inspect all lines and hoses for wear or for

deterioration. The hoses must be properly routed.
The lines and hoses must have adequate support
and secure clamps. Tighten all connections to the
recommended torque. Leaks can cause fires.
Oil filters and fuel filters must be properly installed.
The filter housings must be tightened to the proper
torque.

If the application involves the presence of combustible

gases, consult your Caterpillar dealer for additional
information about suitable protection devices.
Remove all flammable materials such as fuel, oil, and
debris from the engine. Do not allow any flammable
materials to accumulate on the engine.
All fluids that are captured in the fluid spill
containment basin should be cleaned up immediately.
Failure to clean up spilled fluids can cause a fire. Fire
may cause personal injury and property damage.
Store fuels and lubricants in properly marked
containers away from unauthorized persons. Store
oily rags and any flammable materials in protective
containers. Do not smoke in areas that are used for
storing flammable materials.
Do not expose the engine to any flame.
Exhaust shields (if equipped) protect hot exhaust
components from oil or fuel spray in case of a line,
a tube, or a seal failure. Exhaust shields must be
installed correctly.
Do not weld on lines or tanks that contain flammable
fluids. Do not flame cut lines or tanks that contain
flammable fluid. Clean any such lines or tanks
thoroughly with a nonflammable solvent prior to
welding or flame cutting.

Illustration 11

g00704059

Use caution when you are refueling an engine. Do

not smoke while you are refueling an engine. Do not
refuel an engine near open flames or sparks. Always
stop the engine before refueling.

Wiring must be kept in good condition. All electrical

wires must be properly routed and securely attached.
Check all electrical wires daily. Repair any wires
that are loose or frayed before you operate the
engine. Clean all electrical connections and tighten
all electrical connections.
Eliminate all wiring that is unattached or unnecessary.
Do not use any wires or cables that are smaller than
the recommended gauge. Do not bypass any fuses
and/or circuit breakers.
Arcing or sparking could cause a fire. Secure
connections, recommended wiring, and properly
maintained battery cables will help to prevent arcing
or sparking.
Illustration 12

g00704135

14
Safety Section
Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention

Gases from a battery can explode. Keep any open

flames or sparks away from the top of a battery. Do
not smoke in battery charging areas.
Never check the battery charge by placing a metal
object across the terminal posts. Use a voltmeter or
a hydrometer.
Improper jumper cable connections can cause
an explosion that can result in injury. Refer to
the Operation Section of this manual for specific
instructions.
Do not charge a frozen battery. This may cause an
explosion.
The batteries must be kept clean. The covers
(if equipped) must be kept on the cells. Use the
recommended cables, connections, and battery box
covers when the engine is operated.

Fire Extinguisher
Make sure that a fire extinguisher is available. Be
familiar with the operation of the fire extinguisher.
Inspect the fire extinguisher and service the fire
extinguisher regularly. Obey the recommendations
on the instruction plate.

Ether
Ether is flammable and poisonous.
Use ether in well ventilated areas. Do not smoke
while you are replacing an ether cylinder or while you
are using an ether spray.
Do not store ether cylinders in living areas or in the
engine compartment. Do not store ether cylinders
in direct sunlight or in temperatures above 49 C
(120 F). Keep ether cylinders away from open
flames or sparks.
Dispose of used ether cylinders properly. Do not
puncture an ether cylinder. Keep ether cylinders
away from unauthorized personnel.
Do not spray ether into an engine if the engine is
equipped with a thermal starting aid for cold weather
starting.

Lines, Tubes and Hoses

Do not bend high pressure lines. Do not strike high
pressure lines. Do not install any lines that are bent
or damaged.
Repair any lines that are loose or damaged. Leaks
can cause fires. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for
repair or for replacement parts.

SEBU8570-01

Check lines, tubes and hoses carefully. Do not use

your bare hand to check for leaks. Use a board or
cardboard to check for leaks. Tighten all connections
to the recommended torque.
Replace the parts if any of the following conditions
are present:

End fittings are damaged or leaking.

Outer coverings are chafed or cut.
Wires are exposed.
Outer coverings are ballooning.
Flexible part of the hoses are kinked.
Outer covers have embedded armoring.
End fittings are displaced.
Make sure that all clamps, guards, and heat shields
are installed correctly. During engine operation, this
will help to prevent vibration, rubbing against other
parts, and excessive heat.
i01359666

Crushing Prevention and

Cutting Prevention
SMCS Code: 1000; 7405
Support the component properly when work beneath
the component is performed.
Unless other maintenance instructions are provided,
never attempt adjustments while the engine is
running.
Stay clear of all rotating parts and of all moving
parts. Leave the guards in place until maintenance
is performed. After the maintenance is performed,
reinstall the guards.
Keep objects away from moving fan blades. The fan
blades will throw objects or cut objects.
When objects are struck, wear protective glasses in
order to avoid injury to the eyes.
Chips or other debris may fly off objects when objects
are struck. Before objects are struck, ensure that no
one will be injured by flying debris.

SEBU8570-01

15
Safety Section
Mounting and Dismounting

i01372247

Mounting and Dismounting

SMCS Code: 1000; 7405
Inspect the steps, the handholds, and the work area
before mounting the engine. Keep these items clean
and keep these items in good repair.
Mount the engine and dismount the engine only at
locations that have steps and/or handholds. Do not
climb on the engine, and do not jump off the engine.
Face the engine in order to mount the engine or
dismount the engine. Maintain a three-point contact
with the steps and handholds. Use two feet and one
hand or use one foot and two hands. Do not use any
controls as handholds.
Do not stand on components which cannot support
your weight. Use an adequate ladder or use a work
platform. Secure the climbing equipment so that the
equipment will not move.
Do not carry tools or supplies when you mount the
engine or when you dismount the engine. Use a hand
line to raise and lower tools or supplies.

If equipped, ensure that the lighting system for the

engine is suitable for the conditions. Ensure that all
lights work properly, if equipped.
All protective guards and all protective covers must
be installed if the engine must be started in order
to perform service procedures. To help prevent an
accident that is caused by parts in rotation, work
around the parts carefully.
Do not bypass the automatic shutoff circuits. Do not
disable the automatic shutoff circuits. The circuits are
provided in order to help prevent personal injury. The
circuits are also provided in order to help prevent
engine damage.
See the Service Manual for repairs and for
adjustments.
i04021433

Engine Starting
SMCS Code: 1000
If a warning tag is attached to the engine start switch
or to the controls, DO NOT start the engine or move
the controls. Consult with the person that attached
the warning tag before the engine is started.

i03560601

Before Starting Engine

SMCS Code: 1000
NOTICE
For initial start-up of a new or rebuilt engine, and for
start-up of an engine that has been serviced, make
provision to shut the engine off should an overspeed
occur. This may be accomplished by shutting off the
air and/or fuel supply to the engine.

Engine exhaust contains products of combustion

which may be harmful to your health. Always start
and operate the engine in a well ventilated area
and, if in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the
outside.
Inspect the engine for potential hazards.
Do not start the engine or move any of the controls
if there is a DO NOT OPERATE warning tag or
similar warning tag attached to the start switch or to
the controls.
Before starting the engine, ensure that no one is on,
underneath, or close to the engine. Ensure that the
area is free of personnel.

All protective guards and all protective covers must

be installed if the engine must be started in order
to perform service procedures. To help prevent an
accident that is caused by parts in rotation, work
around the parts carefully.
Start the engine from the operator's compartment or
from the engine start switch.
Always start the engine according to the procedure
that is described in this Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Engine Starting topic (Operation Section).
Knowledge of the correct procedure will help to
prevent major damage to the engine components.
Knowledge of the procedure will also help to prevent
personal injury.
To ensure that the jacket water heater (if equipped)
and/or the lube oil heater (if equipped) is working
properly, check the water temperature gauge and the
oil temperature gauge during the heater operation.
Engine exhaust contains products of combustion
that can be harmful to your health. Always start the
engine and operate the engine in a ventilated area.
If the engine is started in an enclosed area, vent the
engine exhaust to the outside.

16
Safety Section
Engine Stopping

SEBU8570-01

i01462046

Grounding Practices

Engine Stopping
SMCS Code: 1000
Stop the engine according to the procedure in
the Operation and Maintenance Manual, Engine
Stopping (Operation Section) in order to avoid
overheating of the engine and accelerated wear of
the engine components.
Use the Emergency Stop Button (if equipped) ONLY
in an emergency situation. Do not use the Emergency
Stop Button for normal engine stopping. After an
emergency stop, DO NOT start the engine until the
problem that caused the emergency stop has been
corrected.
Stop the engine if an overspeed condition occurs
during the initial start-up of a new engine or an engine
that has been overhauled. This may be accomplished
by shutting off the fuel supply to the engine and/or
shutting off the air supply to the engine.
To stop an electronically controlled engine, cut the
power to the engine.
i02469632

Electrical System
SMCS Code: 1000; 1400
Never disconnect any charging unit circuit or battery
circuit cable from the battery when the charging unit
is operating. A spark can cause the combustible
gases that are produced by some batteries to ignite.
To help prevent sparks from igniting combustible
gases that are produced by some batteries, the
negative jump start cable should be connected
last from the external power source to the negative
terminal of the starting motor. If the starting motor
is not equipped with a negative terminal, connect
the jump start cable to the engine block.
Check the electrical wires daily for wires that are
loose or frayed. Tighten all loose electrical wires
before the engine is started. Repair all frayed
electrical wires before the engine is started. Refer to
the Engine Starting section of this Operation and
Maintenance Manual for specific starting instructions.

Illustration 13
Typical example
Grounding Stud To Battery Ground

g00771448

SEBU8570-01

17
Safety Section
Engine Electronics

i04021529

Engine Electronics
SMCS Code: 1000; 1400; 1900

Tampering with the electronic system installation

or the OEM wiring installation can be dangerous
and could result in personal injury or death and/or
engine damage.

Illustration 14

g00771487

Typical example
Alternate Grounding Stud To Battery Ground

Proper grounding for the engine electrical system

is necessary for optimum engine performance
and reliability. Improper grounding will result in
uncontrolled electrical circuit paths and in unreliable
electrical circuit paths.
Uncontrolled electrical circuit paths can result in
damage to main bearings, to crankshaft bearing
journal surfaces, and to aluminum components.
Engines that are installed without engine-to-frame
ground straps can be damaged by electrical
discharge.
To ensure that the engine and the engine electrical
systems function properly, an engine-to-frame ground
strap with a direct path to the battery must be used.
This path may be provided by way of a starting motor
ground, a starting motor ground to the frame, or a
direct engine ground to the frame.
All grounds should be tight and free of corrosion. The
engine alternator must be grounded to the negative
- battery terminal with a wire that is adequate to
handle the full charging current of the alternator.

The Electronic Control Module (ECM) provides a

comprehensive, programmable engine monitoring
system for this engine. The ECM monitors specific
engine operating parameters in order to detect
abnormal conditions that may develop. The ECM will
generate an event code if a specific engine parameter
exceeds an acceptable range that is defined by the
engine monitoring system. The ECM will react with
an action that is dependent on the severity of the
condition. For information on event codes, refer to
this Operation and Maintenance Manual, Event
Codes topic (Operation Section) The following
actions may be initiated by the ECM. These actions
are dependent on the severity of the condition:

Illumination of a warning lamp or warning alarm

Engine derate
Engine protection shutdown
The Engine Monitoring package can vary for different
engine models and different engine applications.
However, the monitoring system and the engine
monitoring control will be similar for all engines.
Note: Many of the engine control systems and display
modules that are available for Caterpillar Engines
will work in unison with the Engine Monitoring
System. Together, the two controls will provide the
engine monitoring function for the specific engine
application. Refer to the Troubleshooting Manual for
more information.

18
Product Information Section
Model Views

SEBU8570-01

Product Information
Section
Model Views
i04025350

Model View Illustrations

SMCS Code: 1000

SEBU8570-01

19
Product Information Section
Model Views

g02207594

Illustration 15
View of the left side of a typical C9.3 Industrial Engine
(1) Fuel pressure sensor pre-filter
(2) Fuel pressure sensor post-filter
(3) Oil filler
(4) Fuel rail pressure sensor
(5) Atmospheric pressure sensor
(6) Balance valve solenoid

(7) Open crankcase ventilation filter

(8) Engine crankcase breather
(9) NRS valve
(10) NRS temperature sensor
(11) Engine control module (ECM)
(12) Crankcase pressure sensor

(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)

Charge air cooler outlet sensor

Engine speed sensor
Fuel pump
Secondary fuel filter base
Fuel temperature sensor

20
Product Information Section
Model Views

SEBU8570-01

g02207513

Illustration 16
View of the right side of a typical C9.3 Industrial Engine
(18) NRS cooler

(19) Turbocharger

(20) Oil filter base

SEBU8570-01

21
Product Information Section
Model Views

i04021094

Engine Description

Electronic Engine Features

High pressure common rail fuel system

The Caterpillar C9.3 Engine is designed for electronic

controls. The integral on board computer controls
the operation of the engine. Current operating
conditions are monitored. The Electronic Control
Module (ECM) controls the response of the engine to
these conditions and to the demands of the operator.
These conditions and operator demands determine
the precise control of fuel injection by the ECM.
The electronic engine control system provides the
following features:

Turbocharged

Engine speed governor

Engine Specifications

Automatic air/fuel ratio control

Note: The front end of the engine is opposite the

flywheel end of the engine. The left and the right
sides of the engine are determined from the flywheel
end. The number 1 cylinder is the front cylinder.

Torque rise shaping

SMCS Code: 1000

The Caterpillar C9.3 Industrial Engine has the
following characteristics:

Four-stroke cycle

Injection timing control

System diagnostics
Aftertreatment regeneration control
NOX reduction system control
Additional Features
The following additional features provide increased
engine fuel economy and serviceability:

Cold starting capability

Tampering detection
g01387009

Illustration 17

Diagnostics

Cylinder and valve location

Common Rail Fuel Injection System

(A) Exhaust valve

(B) Inlet valve

The common rail fuel injection system performs the

following functions:

Table 1

C-9.3 Engine Specifications

Arrangement and
Cylinders

In-Line six cylinder

Bore

115.0 mm (4.53 inch)

Stroke

149.0 mm (5.87 inch)

Aspiration
Displacement
Firing Order
Rotation (flywheel end)
(1)
(2)

Air-to-air aftercooled
Separate circuit after cooling

ATAAC(1)
SCAC

(2)

9.3 L (568 in3)

1-5-3-6-2-4
Counterclockwise

Pump the fuel.

Meter the fuel.
Time the fuel injection.
The fuel pump pressurizes the fuel. The fuel pump
pumps the fuel to the common fuel rail. The common
rail fuel injectors inject the fuel into the cylinders at
a precise time. The fuel is injected into the cylinders
with the appropriate volume. Electronic sensors
on the engine determine time and volume of fuel
injection.

22
Product Information Section
Model Views

Engine Service Life

Engine efficiency and maximum utilization of engine
performance depend on the adherence to proper
operation and maintenance recommendations. In
addition, use recommended fuels, coolants, and
lubricants. Use the Operation and Maintenance
Manual as a guide for required engine maintenance.
Expected engine life is predicted by the average
power that is demanded. The average power that
is demanded is based on fuel consumption of the
engine over a time. Reduced hours of operation
at full throttle and/or operating at reduced throttle
settings result in a lower average power demand.
Reduced hours of operation will increase the length
of operating time before an engine overhaul is
required. For more information, refer to the Operation
and Maintenance Manual, Overhaul Considerations
topic (Maintenance Section).

Aftermarket Products and

Caterpillar Engines
NOTICE
In order to maximize fuel system life and prevent
premature wear out from abrasive particles in the fuel,
a four micron[c] absolute high efficiency fuel filter is
required for all Caterpillar common rail fuel systems.
Caterpillar High Efficiency Fuel Filters meet these
requirements. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for the
proper part numbers.
When auxiliary devices, accessories, or consumables
(filters, additives, catalysts, etc.) which are made
by other manufacturers are used on Caterpillar
products, the Caterpillar warranty is not affected
simply because of such use.
However, failures that result from the installation
or use of devices, accessories, or consumables
from other manufacturers are NOT Caterpillar
defects. Therefore, the defects are NOT covered
under the Caterpillar warranty.

SEBU8570-01

SEBU8570-01

23
Product Information Section
Product Identification Information

Product Identification
Information
i04021087

Plate Locations and Film

Locations
SMCS Code: 1000

Illustration 20

g02201394

View of the top of a C9.3 Industrial Engine

The engine information plate is located toward the rear of the
valve cover. The engine information plate may be read from the
right side of the engine.

Illustration 18

g02200773

View of the left side of a C9.3 Industrial Engine

The serial number plate is located on the left side of the cylinder
block. The engine control module will obstruct the view of the
serial number plate.

Illustration 21

g01347963

Engine information plate

The following information is on the information

plate: engine serial number, engine model, engine
arrangement number, maximum altitude of the
engine that is necessary to achieve the rated power,
horsepower, high idle, full load rpm, fuel settings, and
other information
Illustration 19

g00764267

Serial number plate

The following information is stamped on the serial

number plate: engine serial number, engine model,
and arrangement number.

24
Product Information Section
Product Identification Information

SEBU8570-01

Caterpillar dealers need these numbers in order to

determine the components that were included with
the engine. This permits accurate identification of
replacement part numbers.
i00610276

Reference Numbers
SMCS Code: 1000
Information for the following items may be needed to
order parts. Locate the information for your engine.
Record the information on the appropriate space.
Make a copy of this list for a record. Retain the
information for future reference.

Record for Reference

Engine Model _______________________________________________
Illustration 22

g02236893

View of the exhaust system of a C9.3 Industrial Engine

Engine Serial No. __________________________________________

Engine Arrangement No. _________________________________
Modification No. ____________________________________________
Engine Low Idle rpm ______________________________________
Engine Full Load rpm _____________________________________
Performance Specification No. _________________________
Primary Fuel Filter No. ____________________________________
Water Separator Element No. ___________________________

Illustration 23

g02236574

Secondary Fuel Filter Element No. ____________________

CEM plate

Lubrication Oil Filter Element No. ______________________

The Clean Emission Module (CEM) identification

plate contains the following information: part number,
serial number, change level, and configuration ID
code. This information may be needed by the Cat
dealer when inquiries are being made on the CEM.

Auxiliary Oil Filter Element No. _________________________

Supplemental Coolant Additive Maintenance Element
No. (Optional) _______________________________________________
Total Lubrication System Capacity _____________________

i01028428

Engine Identification
SMCS Code: 1000
Caterpillar engines are identified with serial numbers,
with performance specification numbers, and with
arrangement numbers. In some of the cases,
modification numbers are used. These numbers
are shown on the Serial Number Plate and the
Information Plate that are mounted on the engine.

Total Cooling System Capacity _________________________

Air Cleaner Element No. _________________________________
Fan Drive Belt No. _________________________________________
Alternator Belt No. _________________________________________

SEBU8570-01

25
Operation Section
Lifting and Storage

Operation Section

Engine Lifting with a Fuel Tank

Lifting and Storage

i04037083

Product Lifting

Lift eyes or tank can fail when lifting tank containing fluids resulting in possible personal injury.
Drain tank of all fluids before lifting.
Lifting the engine with a fuel tank that is mounted
to the engine requires special equipment and
procedures. Do not lift the unit with fuel in the fuel
tank. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for information
regarding fixtures for proper lifting of your complete
package.

SMCS Code: 1000; 1404; 7002

Clean Emission Module Lifting

Illustration 24

g00103219

NOTICE
Never bend the eyebolts and the brackets. Only load
the eyebolts and the brackets under tension. Remember that the capacity of an eyebolt is less as the angle
between the supporting members and the object becomes less than 90 degrees.
When it is necessary to remove a component at an
angle, only use a link bracket that is properly rated for
the weight.
Use a hoist to remove heavy components. Use
an adjustable lifting beam to lift the engine. All
supporting members (chains and cables) should be
parallel to each other. The chains and cables should
be perpendicular to the top of the object that is being
lifted.
Some removals require lifting the fixtures in order to
obtain proper balance and safety.
To remove the engine ONLY, use the lifting eyes that
are on the engine.
Lifting eyes are designed and installed for the specific
engine arrangement. Alterations to the lifting eyes
and/or the engine make the lifting eyes and the lifting
fixtures obsolete. If alterations are made, ensure
that proper lifting devices are provided. Consult your
Caterpillar dealer for information regarding fixtures
for proper engine lifting.

Illustration 25

g02240095

The Clean Emission Module (CEM) should only be

lifted by the designated lifting eyes (1). Lifting eye
locations will be different depending on the CEM
arrangement. Do not attempt to lift the CEM using
straps around the diesel particulate filter.

26
Operation Section
Lifting and Storage

SEBU8570-01

i02068367

Product Storage
SMCS Code: 1000; 1404; 7002
If the engine will not be started for several weeks, the
lubricating oil will drain from the cylinder walls and
from the piston rings. Rust can form on the cylinder
liner surface. Rust on the cylinder liner surface will
cause increased engine wear and a reduction in
engine service life.
To help prevent excessive engine wear, use the
following guidelines:

Complete all of the lubrication recommendations

that are listed in this Operation and Maintenance

Manual, Maintenance Interval Schedule
(Maintenance Section).

If freezing temperatures are expected, check the

cooling system for adequate protection against

freezing. See this Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Refill Capacities and Recommendations
(Maintenance Section).

If an engine is out of operation and if use of the engine

is not planned, special precautions should be made.
If the engine will be stored for more than one month,
a complete protection procedure is recommended.
For more detailed information on engine storage, see
Special Instruction, SEHS9031, Storage Procedure
For Caterpillar Products.
Your Caterpillar dealer can assist in preparing the
engine for extended storage periods.

SEBU8570-01

27
Operation Section
Features and Controls

Features and Controls

i04026921

Monitoring System
SMCS Code: 1900; 7400; 7402; 7450; 7451
The monitoring system is designed to alert the
operator to an immediate problem with any of the
engine systems that are monitored. The Monitoring
System is also designed to alert the operator to an
impending problem with any of the engine systems
that are monitored.
The monitoring system parameters can be accessed
via the Cat ET service tool. Many of the parameters
within the monitoring system can be tailored to suit
the operation of the engine.
An example of adjustments that may be made within
the monitoring system is changing the setpoint of the
engine overspeed indicator from the factory default
setting.

Indicators and Gauges

The instrument panel may look like the instrument
panel that is pictured in illustration 26 or the
instrument panel may look like the instrument panel
that is pictured in illustration 27. The instrument panel
may not include all of the instruments that are shown
in the illustration.

Illustration 27

g02215293

Circuit Breaker (1) Reset the circuit

breaker if a circuit breaker trips. Press the
button in order to reset the circuit breaker. If
the electrical system is working properly, the button
will remain pressed. If the button does not remain
pressed or if the circuit breaker trips soon after being
reset, check the appropriate electrical circuit. Repair
the electrical circuit, if necessary.

Resetting the circuit breakers in a flammable atmosphere or a combustible atmosphere may lead
to fire hazards or explosion hazards which may result in personal injury or death. DO NOT reset the
circuit breaker when a flammable atmosphere or a
combustible atmosphere is present and the power has not been removed from the equipment.

Illustration 26

g02212133

Diesel Particulate Filter Lamp (2)

The DPF lamp will illuminate when a
regeneration of the DPF is needed. Refer
to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, Diesel
Particulate Filter Regeneration for more information
on this lamp.
High Exhaust Temperature Lamp (3)
This lamp is illuminated when a DPF
regeneration is active.
Regeneration Disabled (4) This lamp
will be illuminated if the regeneration is
manually disabled through the regeneration
switch or through the Cat (ET) service tool.

28
Operation Section
Features and Controls

SEBU8570-01

Start Switch (5) The start switch has

three positions: OFF, RUN, and START.
When the start switch is turned clockwise to
the RUN position, the lamps will flash for 5 seconds
during the system test. The lamps will then shut off.
In the RUN position, the ECM and electronic systems
are powered up.
Diagnostic Lamp (6) The diagnostic
lamp will illuminate when an active fault
code is present.
Shutdown Lamp (7) The shutdown
lamp will illuminate when a critical engine
event occurs which requires that the engine
be shut down. The event should be addressed as
quickly as possible.
Shutdown Switch (8) Use the engine
shutdown switch in order to stop the engine.
Push the shutdown switch in order to put
the switch in the OFF position. Moving the switch to
the OFF position will stop the engine. After the engine
stops, turn the knob clockwise. Turning the knob will
reset the engine shutdown switch to the ON position.
Service Hour Meter (9) This gauge
indicates the total number of clock hours
of engine operation. Hours of operation
are logged in the ECM. A service tool is needed to
retrieve the hours from the ECM. A Service Hour
Meter may be installed on the engine.
Idle Speed Switch (10) When the switch
is in the up position, the engine speed
increases to HIGH IDLE. When the switch
is in the down position, the engine speed decreases
to LOW IDLE.
Regeneration Switch (11) Used
to activate a forced regeneration or
manually disable regeneration. Refer to
this Operation and Maintenance Manual, Diesel
Particulate Filter Regeneration for more information
on this switch.

Illustration 28

g02220493

High Speed Regeneration Enable Switch (12)

Used to allow for high speed regeneration. If switch
is pressed and locked, high speed regenerations
are active. If switch is disengaged, only low speed
automatic regenerations will be active. See this
Operation and Maintenance Manual, Diesel
Particulate Filter Regeneration for more information
Tachometer (13) This gauge indicates
engine speed (rpm). When the throttle
control lever is moved to the full throttle
position without load, the engine is running at high
idle. The engine is running at the full load rpm when
the throttle control lever is at the full throttle position
with maximum rated load.
Voltmeter (14) This gauge indicates the
voltage of the electrical system. The needle
in the red range indicates low voltage or
high voltage.
Fuel Pressure (15) This gauge indicates
fuel pressure to the fuel injection pump from
the fuel filter. A decrease in fuel pressure
usually indicates a dirty fuel filter or a plugged fuel
filter. As the fuel filter becomes plugged, there will
be a noticeable reduction in the performance of the
engine.
Engine Oil Pressure (16) The oil
pressure should be greatest after a
cold engine is started. The pressure will
decrease as the engine warms up. The pressure will
increase when the engine rpm is increased. The
pressure will stabilize when the engine rpm is stable.

SEBU8570-01

29
Operation Section
Features and Controls

A lower oil pressure is normal at low idle. If the load

is stable and the gauge reading changes, perform
the following procedure:
1. Remove the load.
2. Reduce engine speed to low idle.
3. Check and maintain the oil level.
NOTICE
To help prevent engine damage, never exceed the
high idle rpm. An overspeed can result in serious damage to the engine. The engine can be operated at high
idle without damage, but the engine should never be
allowed to exceed the high idle rpm.
Note: The high idle rpm and the full load rpm are
stamped on the Information Plate.
Jacket Water Coolant Temperature (17)
Typical temperature range is 87 to 98C
(189 to 208F). Higher temperatures
may occur under certain conditions. The water
temperature reading may vary according to load. The
reading should never exceed the boiling point for the
pressurized system that is being used.
Coolant Temperature (18) When the
coolant temperature is above the normal
operating value, the coolant temperature
gauge will be in the red zone. Refer to the Messenger
panel for any additional information that may be
available.
Warning Lamp (19) There is a general
fault in the engine. Refer to the Messenger
display for any additional information that
may be available.
Service Tool Connector (20) For more
information regarding the use of Cat ET and the PC
requirements for Cat ET, refer to the documentation
that accompanies your Cat ET software.

Mini Industrial Power Display

(MIPD)
The mini industrial power display provides for a
means to view various types of engine information.
The information that can be viewed is described
below.

Illustration 29

g02216234

OK/Select button (1) The OK/Selectbutton is

used to confirm the selections that were made with
the scroll left/right buttons.
Backlight button (2) This button is used to turn
the backlight of the display on or off.
Scroll left/right button (3) This button is used
to advance through the various screens of the MIPD.
The MIPD comes with three preset user interfaces.
The interfaces are labeled as Operator_1,
Operator_2, and Operator_3.
Operator_1 user interface is preset with various
engine, aftertreatment, and transmission information
over 14 screens. Diagnostic and system information
is also included. The information in Operator_1 is
displayed via ISO symbols and metric display units.
Operator_2 user interface is preset with various
engine, aftertreatment, and transmission information
over 12 screens. Diagnostic and system information
is also included. The information is displayed in
analog style gauges and English display units.
Operator_3 user interface is preset with various
engine, aftertreatment, and transmission information
over 12 screens. Diagnostic and system information
is also included. The information is displayed in
analog style gauges and English display units.
Note: Only use Operator_1 and Operator_2
interfaces on Tier 4 engines. The added
aftertreatment parameters in these interfaces are
necessary to ensure proper operation.

Parameters
Below are a list of all the parameters that are
viewable through the three user interfaces used
within the MIPD.
Engine Speed Displays the current engine speed
in RPM.

30
Operation Section
Features and Controls

Coolant Temperature Displays the current coolant

temperature of the engine.

SEBU8570-01

Battery Voltage Displays the battery voltage.

Engine Load Displays the amount of load on the

engine as a percentage.

Aftertreatment 1 Regeneration Status Displays

the status of the regeneration system as manual or
automatic.

Regen Disable Status Displays whether the

regeneration is manually disabled.

HEST Lamp Illuminates when a DPF regeneration

is active.

DPF Lamp Displays when a DPF regeneration is

needed.

DPF Intake Temperature Displays the

temperature of the exhaust gas entering the DPF.

Soot Loading Displays the amount of soot within

the DPF as a percentage.

DPF Outlet Temperature Displays the

temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the DPF.

Air Inlet Temperature Displays the temperature

of the air coming into the engine.

Transmission Selected Gear Displays the

transmission gear being requested.

Intake Manifold Air Temperature Displays the

temperature of the air coming into the engine.

Transmission Requested Gear Displays the

transmission gear being requested.

Boost Pressure Displays the amount of pressure

of the air entering the intake manifold of the engine.

Transmission Oil Pressure Displays the oil

pressure inside the transmission.

Crankcase Pressure Displays the amount of

pressure within the crankcase of the engine.

Transmission Oil Temperature Displays the oil

temperature of the transmission.

Atmospheric Pressure Displays the amount of

atmospheric pressure that the engine is operating in.

Transmission Torque Limit Displays the limit of

torque allowed by the transmission.

Fuel Temp Displays the temperature of the fuel

entering the engine.

System Information

Fuel Rate Displays the amount of fuel being used

by the engine.
Filtered Fuel Delta Pressure Displays the
pressure across the fuel filter.
Low Idle RPM Displays the low idle speed setpoint
in RPM.
Hi Idle Speed Displays the high idle speed
setpoint in RPM.

User Name Displays the preset user name that

is selected.
Software Version Displays the version of software
that is programmed in the MIPD.
Serial Number Displays the serial number of the
MIPD.
Display Units Displays the units of measurement
that is selected for the given user.

Desired Speed Displays the desired engine speed

in RPM.

Engine Location Displays which engine data is

being reported if more than one engine is connected
to the MIPD.

Primary Throttle Displays the primary throttle

position as a percentage.

Language Displays the selected language.

Secondary Throttle Displays the secondary

throttle position as a percentage.

Alarm Indicates whether audible alarm is set to

ON or OFF when an audible alarm is connected to
the MIPD.

Auxiliary Pressure Sensor 1 Displays the

pressure being measured by the #1 auxiliary sensor
if one is being used.
Auxiliary Temperature Sensor 1 Displays the
temperature being measured by the #1 auxiliary
sensor if one is being used.

SEBU8570-01

31
Operation Section
Features and Controls

i03646563

Battery Disconnect Switch

(If Equipped)
SMCS Code: 1411-B11; 1411
The battery disconnect switch and the engine start
switch perform different functions. Turn off the battery
disconnect switch in order to disable the entire
electrical system. The battery remains connected to
the electrical system when you turn off the engine
start switch.
Turn the battery disconnect switch to the OFF
position and remove the key when you service the
electrical system or any other components.
Also turn the battery disconnect switch to the OFF
position and remove the key when the engine will not
be used for an extended period of a month or more.
This will prevent drainage of the battery.
NOTICE
Never move the battery disconnect switch to the OFF
position while the engine is operating. Serious damage to the electrical system could result.
To ensure that no damage to the engine occurs,
verify that the engine is fully operational before
cranking the engine. Do not crank an engine that is
not fully operational.
Perform the following procedure in order to check the
battery disconnect switch for proper operation:
1. With the battery disconnect switch in the ON
position, verify that electrical components are
functioning. Verify that the hour meter is displaying
information. Verify that the engine will crank.
2. Turn the battery disconnect switch to the OFF
position.
3. Verify that the following items are not functioning:
electrical components, hour meter, and engine
cranking. If any of the items continue to function
with the battery disconnect switch in the OFF
position, consult your Caterpillar dealer.

32
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

SEBU8570-01

Engine Diagnostics

i04031761

i01563934

Self-Diagnostics
SMCS Code: 1000; 1900; 1901; 1902
Caterpillar Electronic Engines have the capability to
perform a self-diagnostics test. When the system
detects an active problem, the DIAGNOSTIC
lamp is activated. Diagnostic codes will be stored in
permanent memory in the Electronic Control Module
(ECM). The diagnostic codes can be retrieved by
using the following components:

Caterpillar electronic service tools

DIAGNOSTIC lamp
Note: The DIAGNOSTIC lamp must be installed by
the OEM or by the customer.
Some installations have electronic displays that
provide direct readouts of the engine diagnostic
codes. Refer to the manual that is provided by the
OEM for more information on retrieving engine
diagnostic codes.
Active codes represent problems that currently exist.
These problems should be investigated first. If a code
is active, the DIAGNOSTIC lamp will flash the flash
code at five second intervals.
Logged codes represent the following items:

Intermittent problems
Recorded events
Performance history
The problems may have been repaired since the
logging of the code. These codes do not indicate that
a repair is needed. The codes are guides or signals
when a situation exists. Codes may be helpful to
troubleshoot problems.
When the problems have been corrected, the
corresponding logged fault codes should be cleared.

Diagnostic Flash Code

Retrieval
SMCS Code: 1000; 1900; 1901; 1902
In order to read the diagnostic flash codes through
the diagnostic lamp, cycle the key switch from off to
on twice within 3 seconds.
The codes will be flashing in sequence. For example
if the flash code equals 133, the diagnostic lamp will
flash once, pause, flash three times, pause, and flash
three times.
After the complete code has flashed, a 3 second
pause will take place before the next code will begin
to flash (if another code is present).
Note: Always refer to the Troubleshooting guide
for the latest information related to engine
diagnostics and troubleshooting. Contact your
local Cat dealer for more information.

SEBU8570-01

33
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

Table 2

Cross Reference for Diagnostic Codes and Event Codes

Flash
Code
14
16

21

SPN(1)/FMI Code

Diagnostic Code
or
Event Code

Description of Code

1074-05

1248-05

Retarder Solenoid current below normal

1074-06

1248-06

Retarder Solenoid current above normal

626-05

2417-05

Ether Injection Control Solenoid current below normalo

626-06

2417-06

Ether Injection Control Solenoid current above normal

678-03

41-03

8 Volt DC Supply voltage above normal

678-04

41-04

8 Volt DC Supply voltage below normal

262-03

5 Volt Sensor DC Power Supply voltage above normal

262-04

5 Volt Sensor DC Power Supply voltage below normal

100-03

100-03

Engine Oil Pressure Sensor voltage above normal

100-04

100-04

Engine Oil Pressure Sensor voltage below normal

100-10

100-10

Engine Oil Pressure Sensor abnormal rate of change

102-03

1785-03

Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor voltage above normal

102-04

1785-04

Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor voltage below normal

102-10

1785-10

Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor abnormal rate of change

108-03

274-03

Atmospheric Pressure Sensor voltage above normal

108-04

274-04

Atmospheric Pressure Sensor voltage below normal

110-03

110-03

Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor voltage above normal

110-04

110-04

Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor voltage below normal

91-13

91-13

Throttle Position Sensor calibration required

620-03
1079-03
620-04
1079-04

24

10

26
27
28
32
34

35

37
38
42

91-08

91-08

Throttle Position Sensor abnormal frequency, pulse width, or period

190-08

190-08

Engine Speed Sensor abnormal frequency, pulse width, or period

723-08

342-08

Secondary Engine Speed Sensor abnormal frequency,

pulse width, or period

190-15

E362 (1)

Engine Overspeed Warning

190-00

E362 (3)

Engine Overspeed Shutdown

174-15

E363 (1)

High Fuel Supply Termperature Warning

174-16

E363 (2)

High Fuel Supply Termperature Derate

174-0

E363 (3)

High Fuel Supply Termperature Shutdown

614-15

E390 (1)

Fuel Filter Restriction Warning

614-16

E390 (2)

Fuel Filter Restriction Shutdown

157-15

E396 (1)

Low Fuel Rail Pressure

157-17

E398 (1)

High Fuel Rail Pressure

94-03

94-03

Fuel Delivery Pressure Sensor voltage above normal

94-04

94-04

Fuel Delivery Pressure Sensor voltage below normal

105-03

172-03

Intake Manifold Air Temperature Sensor voltage above normal

105-04

172-04

Intake Manifold Air Temperature Sensor voltage below normal

228-13

261-13

Engine Timing Calibration calibration required

(continued)

34
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

SEBU8570-01

(Table 2, contd)

Cross Reference for Diagnostic Codes and Event Codes

SPN(1)/FMI Code

Diagnostic Code
or
Event Code

Description of Code

164-02

164-02

Injector Actuation Pressure signal erratic

164-03

164-03

Injector Actuation Pressure Sensor voltage above normal

164-04

164-04

Injector Actuation Pressure Sensor voltage below normal

164-11

164-11

Injector Actuation Pressure system fault

100-17

E360 (1)

Low Engine Oil Pressure Warning

100-18

E360 (2)

Low Engine Oil Pressure Derate

100-01

E360 (3)

Low Engine Oil Pressure Shutdown

729-05

617-05

Inlet Air Heater Relay current below normal

729-06

617-06

Inlet Air Heater Relay current above normal

168-00

168-00

Electrical System Voltage high - most severe (3)

168-01

168-01

Electrical System Voltage low - most severe (3)

168-02

168-02

Electrical System Voltage erratic, intermittent, or incorrect

56

630-02

268-02

Programmed Parameter Fault erratic, intermittent, or incorrect

59

234-02

253-02

Personality Module erratic, intermittent, or incorrect

110-15

E361 (1)

High Engine Coolant Temperature Warning

110-16

E361 (2)

High Engine Coolant Temperature Derate

110-00

E361 (3)

High Engine Coolant Temperature Shutdown

111-17

E2143 (1)

Low Engine Coolant Level Warning

111-18

E2143 (2)

Low Engine Coolant Level Derate

111-01

E2143 (3)

Low Engine Coolant Level Shutdown

94-15

E096 (1)

High Fuel Pressure Warning

Flash
Code

43

46

49

51

61

62

63

94-17

E198 (1)

Low Fuel Pressure Warning

94-18

E198 (2)

Low Fuel Pressure Shutdown

(continued)

SEBU8570-01

35
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

(Table 2, contd)

Cross Reference for Diagnostic Codes and Event Codes

Flash
Code

64

SPN(1)/FMI Code

Diagnostic Code
or
Event Code

Description of Code

1636-15

E539 (1)

High Intake Manifold Air Temperature Warning

1636-00

E539 (2)

High Intake Manifold Air Temperature Derate

1636-00

E539 (3)

High Intake Manifold Air Temperature Shutdown

3711-31

E593 (2)

Aftertreatment Insufficient Temperature to Complete Regeneration

3715-31

E991 (3)

DPF Active Regeneration Inhibited Due to Permanent

System Lockout

3714-31

E992 (3)

DPF Active Regeneration Inhibited Due to Temporary

System Lockout

3703-13

E993 (3)

DPF Active Regeneration Inhibited Due to Inhibit Switch

3719-16

E995 (2)

High DPF #1 Soot Loading

3719-0

E995 (3)

High DPF #1 Soot Loading

3242-15

E1008 (1)

High DPF #1 Intake Temperature

3242-16

E1008 (2)

High DPF #1 Intake Temperature

3242-18

E1014 (2)

Low DPF #1 Intake Temperature

3473-31

E1025 (2)

Aftertreatment #1 Loss of Ignition

3474-31

E1026 (2)

Aftertreatment #1 Loss of Ignition

101-15

E1036 (1)

High Crankcase Pressure

101-16

E1036 (2)

High Crankcase Pressure

102-18

E1045 (2)

Low Intake Manifold Pressure

3480-15

E1050 (1)

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #1

3480-16

E1050 (2)

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #1

4077-15

E1051 (1)

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #2

(continued)

36
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

SEBU8570-01

(Table 2, contd)

Cross Reference for Diagnostic Codes and Event Codes

Flash
Code

64

67

68

71
72
73
74

SPN(1)/FMI Code

Diagnostic Code
or
Event Code

Description of Code

4077-16

E1051 (2)

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #2

3480-17

E1052 (1)

Low Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #1

3480-18

E1052 (2)

Low Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #1

4077-17

E1053 (1)

Low Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #2

4077-18

E1053 (2)

Low Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #2

3556-7

E1070 (1)

Aftertreatment Fuel Injector #1 not responding

3358-16

E1090 (2)

High Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Intake Pressure

412-16

E1092 (2)

High Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Temperature

411-18

E1093 (2)

Low Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Differential Pressure

411-16

E1094 (2)

High Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Differential Pressure

2659-18

E1095 (2)

Low Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Mass Flow Rate

2659-15

E1096 (1)

High Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Mass Flow Rate

2659-16

E1096 (2)

High Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Mass Flow Rate

3609-18

E1154 (2)

Low DPF #1 Intake Pressure

520211-7

E1187 (2)

Engine Exhaust Manifold Bank #1 Flow Balance

Valve Stuck Closed

520212-7

E1188 (2)

Engine Exhaust Manifold Bank #1 Flow Balance Valve Stuck Open

94-16

E1218 (2)

High Unfiltered Fuel Pressure

614-31

E1970 (1)

Operator did not provide regeneration opportunity

520200-16

E1971 (2)

Low cranking fuel pressure

615-2

E1972 (2)

RF calibration out of range

0441-15

E445 (1)

High Auxiliary Temperature Warning

0441-16

E445 (2)

High Auxiliary Temperature Derate

0441-00

E445 (3)

High Auxiliary Temperature Shutdown

1836-03

1836-03

Auxiliary Temperature Sensor open/short to +batt

1836-04

1836-04

Auxiliary Temperature Sensor short to ground

1387-15

E443 (1)

High Auxiliary Pressure Warning

1387-16

E443 (2)

High Auxiliary Pressure Derate

1387-00

E443 (3)

High Auxiliary Pressure Shutdown

1835-03

1835-03

Auxiliary Pressure Sensor open/short to +batt

1835-04

1835-04

Auxiliary Pressure Sensor short to ground

651-05

001-05

Cylinder #1 Injector open circuit

651-06

001-06

Cylinder #1 Injector short

652-05

002-05

Cylinder #2 Injector open circuit

652-06

002-06

Cylinder #2 Injector short

653-05

003-05

Cylinder #3 Injector open circuit

653-06

003-06

Cylinder #3 Injector short

654-05

004-05

Cylinder #4 Injector open circuit

654-06

004-06

Cylinder #4 Injector short

(continued)

SEBU8570-01

37
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

(Table 2, contd)

Cross Reference for Diagnostic Codes and Event Codes

Flash
Code
75
76

133

135
141

142
143

152

157
159

Diagnostic Code
or
Event Code

Description of Code

655-05

005-05

Cylinder #5 Injector open circuit

655-06

005-06

Cylinder #5 Injector short

656-05

006-05

Cylinder #6 Injector open circuit

656-06

006-06

Cylinder #6 Injector short

105-15

539 (1)

Engine Intake Manifold #1 Temperature : High - least severe (1)

105-16

539 (2)

Engine Intake Manifold #1 Temperature : High moderate severity (2)

110-3

110-3

Engine Coolant Temperature : Voltage Above Normal

110-4

110-4

Engine Coolant Temperature : Voltage Below Normal

157-3

1797-3

Engine Injector Metering Rail #1 Pressure : Voltage Above Normal

157-4

1797-4

Engine Injector Metering Rail #1 Pressure : Voltage Below Normal

172-3

2526-3

Engine Air Inlet Temperature : Voltage Above Normal

172-4

2526-4

Engine Air Inlet Temperature : Voltage Below Normal

102-18

1045 (2)

Engine Intake Manifold #1 Pressure : Low - moderate severity (2)

190-8

190-8

Engine Speed : Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period

SPN(1)/FMI Code

190-0

362 (3)

Engine Speed : High - most severe (3)

190-15

362 (1)

Engine Speed : High - least severe (1)

723-8

342-8

Engine Speed Sensor #2 : Abnormal Frequency,

Pulse Width, or Period

637-11

261-11

Engine Timing Sensor : Other Failure Mode

637-13

261-13

Engine Timing Sensor : Calibration Required

100-3

100-3

Engine Oil Pressure : Voltage Above Normal

100-4

100-4

Engine Oil Pressure : Voltage Below Normal

108-3

274-3

Barometric Pressure : Voltage Above Normal

108-4

274-4

Barometric Pressure : Voltage Below Normal

100-1

360 (3)

Engine Oil Pressure : Low - most severe (3)

100-17

360(1)

Engine Oil Pressure : Low - least severe (1)

100-18

360 (2)

Engine Oil Pressure : Low - moderate severity (2)

157-17

398 (1)

Engine Injector Metering Rail #1 Pressure : Low - least severe (1)

1347-5

1779-5

Engine Fuel Pump Pressurizing Assembly #1 :

Current Below Normal

1347-6

1779-6

Engine Fuel Pump Pressurizing Assembly #1 :

Current Above Normal

1348-5

1780-5

Engine Fuel Pump Pressurizing Assembly #2 :

Current Below Normal

1348-6

1780-6

Engine Fuel Pump Pressurizing Assembly #2 :

Current Above Normal

174-3

174-3

Engine Fuel Temperature 1 : Voltage Above Normal

174-4

174-4

Engine Fuel Temperature 1 : Voltage Below Normal

174-15

363 (1)

Engine Fuel Temperature 1 : High - least severe (1)

110-15

361 (1)

Engine Coolant Temperature : High - least severe (1)

110-16

361 (2)

Engine Coolant Temperature : High - moderate severity (2)

162

163

165

168

(continued)

38
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

SEBU8570-01

(Table 2, contd)

Cross Reference for Diagnostic Codes and Event Codes

Flash
Code
178
186

197

422
439

516

527

111/139

112/139

113/139

114/139

SPN(1)/FMI Code

Diagnostic Code
or
Event Code

Description of Code

729-5

617-5

Engine Inlet Air Heater Driver #1 : Current Below Normal

729-6

617-6

Engine Inlet Air Heater Driver #1 : Current Above Normal

3241-4

3485-4

Exhaust Gas Temperature 1 : Voltage Below Normal

3241-3

3485-3

Exhaust Gas Temperature 1 : Voltage Above Normal

100-13

100-13

Engine Oil Pressure : Calibration Required

108-13

274-13

Barometric Pressure : Calibration Required

3358-13

3385-13

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Inlet Pressure

: Calibration Required

3563-3

1785-3

Engine Intake Manifold #1 Absolute Pressure :

Voltage Above Normal

3563-4

1785-4

Engine Intake Manifold #1 Absolute Pressure :

Voltage Below Normal

3563-13

1785-13

Engine Intake Manifold #1 Absolute Pressure :

Calibration Required

168-2

168-2

Battery Potential / Power Input 1 : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect

168-3

168-3

Battery Potential / Power Input 1 : Voltage Above Normal

168-4

168-4

Battery Potential / Power Input 1 : Voltage Below Normal

158-2

1834-2

Keyswitch Battery Potential : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect

3509-3

262-3

Sensor Supply Voltage 1 : Voltage Above Normal

3509-4

262-4

Sensor Supply Voltage 1 : Voltage Below Normal

3510-3

2131-3

Sensor Supply Voltage 2 : Voltage Above Normal

3510-4

2131-4

Sensor Supply Voltage 2 : Voltage Below Normal

630-2

268-2

Calibration Memory : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect

651-5

1-5

Engine Injector Cylinder #01 : Current Below Normal

651-6

1-6

Engine Injector Cylinder #01 : Current Above Normal

651-7

1-7

Engine Injector Cylinder #01 : Not Responding Properly

651-2

1-2

Engine Injector Cylinder #01 : Erratic, Intermittent, Incorrect

652-5

2-5

Engine Injector Cylinder #02 : Current Below Normal

652-6

2-6

Engine Injector Cylinder #02 : Current Above Normal

652-7

2-7

Engine Injector Cylinder #02 : Not Responding Properly

652-2

2-2

Engine Injector Cylinder #02 : Erratic, Intermittent, Incorrect

653-5

3-5

Engine Injector Cylinder #03 : Current Below Normal

653-6

3-6

Engine Injector Cylinder #03 : Current Above Normal

653-7

3-7

Engine Injector Cylinder #03 : Not Responding Properly

653-2

3-2

Engine Injector Cylinder #03 : Erratic, Intermittent, Incorrect

654-5

4-5

Engine Injector Cylinder #04 : Current Below Normal

654-6

4-6

Engine Injector Cylinder #04 : Current Above Normal

654-7

4-7

Engine Injector Cylinder #04 : Not Responding Properly

654-2

4-2

Engine Injector Cylinder #04 : Erratic, Intermittent, Incorrect

(continued)

SEBU8570-01

39
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

(Table 2, contd)

Cross Reference for Diagnostic Codes and Event Codes

SPN(1)/FMI Code

Diagnostic Code
or
Event Code

Description of Code

655-5

5-5

Engine Injector Cylinder #05 : Current Below Normal

655-6

5-6

Engine Injector Cylinder #05 : Current Above Normal

655-7

5-7

Engine Injector Cylinder #05 : Not Responding Properly

655-2

5-2

Engine Injector Cylinder #05 : Erratic, Intermittent, Incorrect

656-5

6-5

Engine Injector Cylinder #06 : Current Below Normal

656-6

6-6

Engine Injector Cylinder #06 : Current Above Normal

656-7

6-7

Engine Injector Cylinder #06 : Not Responding Properly

656-2

6-2

Engine Injector Cylinder #06 : Erratic, Intermittent, Incorrect

NA

94-16

1218 (2)

Engine Fuel Delivery Pressure : High - moderate severity (2)

NA

101-3

101-3

Engine Crankcase Pressure : Voltage Above Normal

NA

101-4

101-4

Engine Crankcase Pressure : Voltage Below Normal

NA

101-13

101-13

Engine Crankcase Pressure : Calibration Required

NA

101-15

1036 (1)

Engine Crankcase Pressure : High - least severe (1)

NA

101-16

1036 (2)

Engine Crankcase Pressure : High - moderate severity (2)

NA

105-0

539 (3)

Engine Intake Manifold #1 Temperature : High - most severe (3)

NA

108-21

274-21

Barometric Pressure : Data Drifted Low

NA

110-0

361 (3)

Engine Coolant Temperature : High - most severe (3)

NA

152-0

254-0

Number Of ECU Resets : High - most severe (3)

NA

152-1

254-1

Number Of ECU Resets : Low - most severe (3)

NA

152-2

254-2

Number Of ECU Resets : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect

NA

152-3

254-3

Number Of ECU Resets : Voltage Above Normal

NA

152-4

254-4

Number Of ECU Resets : Voltage Below Normal

NA

152-5

254-5

Number Of ECU Resets : Current Below Normal

NA

152-6

254-6

Number Of ECU Resets : Current Above Normal

NA

152-7

254-7

Number Of ECU Resets : Not Responding Properly

NA

152-8

254-8

Number Of ECU Resets : Abnormal Frequency,

Pulse Width, or Period

Flash
Code

115/139

116/139

NA

152-9

254-9

Number Of ECU Resets : Abnormal Update Rate

NA

152-10

254-10

Number Of ECU Resets : Abnormal Rate of Change

NA

152-11

254-11

Number Of ECU Resets : Other Failure Mode

NA

152-12

254-12

Number Of ECU Resets : Failure

NA

152-13

152-13

Number Of ECU Resets : Calibration Required

NA

173-15

E194(2)

High Exhaust Temperature

NA

174-0

363 (3)

Engine Fuel Temperature 1 : High - most severe (3)

NA

174-16

363 (2)

Engine Fuel Temperature 1 : High - moderate severity (2)

NA

411-3

3387-3

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Differential Pressure

: Voltage Above Normal

NA

411-4

3387-4

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Differential Pressure

: Voltage Below Normal

NA

411-13

3387-13

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Differential Pressure

: Calibration Required
(continued)

40
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

SEBU8570-01

(Table 2, contd)

Cross Reference for Diagnostic Codes and Event Codes

Flash
Code

SPN(1)/FMI Code

Diagnostic Code
or
Event Code

Description of Code

NA

411-15

1094 (1)

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Differential Pressure

: High - least severe (1)

NA

411-17

1093 (1)

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Differential Pressure

: Low - least severe (1)

NA

412-3

3386-3

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Temperature :

Voltage Above Normal

NA

412-4

3386-4

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Temperature :

Voltage Below Normal

NA

412-15

1092 (1)

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Temperature :

High - least severe (1)

NA

412-16

1092 (2)

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Temperature : High

- moderate severity (2)

NA

626-5

2417-5

Engine Start Enable Device 1 : Current Below Normal

NA

626-6

2417-6

Engine Start Enable Device 1 : Current Above Normal

NA

678-3

41-3

ECU 8 Volts DC Supply : Voltage Above Normal

NA

678-4

41-4

ECU 8 Volts DC Supply : Voltage Below Normal

NA

1239-0

499 (3)

Engine Fuel Leakage 1 : High - most severe (3)

NA

2630-3

3372-3

Engine Charge Air Cooler Outlet Temperature :

Voltage Above Normal

NA

2630-4

3372-4

Engine Charge Air Cooler Outlet Temperature :

Voltage Below Normal

NA

2659-15

1096 (1)

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Mass Flow

Rate : High - least severe (1)

NA

2659-17

1095 (1)

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Mass Flow

Rate : Low - least severe (1)

NA

2791-5

3405-5

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve Control

: Current Below Normal

NA

2791-6

3405-6

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve Control

: Current Above Normal

NA

3242-3

2452-3

Particulate Trap Intake Gas Temperature : Voltage Above Normal

NA

3242-4

2452-4

Particulate Trap Intake Gas Temperature : Voltage Below Normal

NA

3242-15

1008 (1)

Particulate Trap Intake Gas Temperature : High - least severe (1)

NA

3242-16

1008 (2)

Particulate Trap Intake Gas Temperature : High

- moderate severity (2)

NA

3242-18

1014 (2)

Particulate Trap Intake Gas Temperature : Low

- moderate severity (2)

NA

3251-2

2458-2

Particulate Trap Differential Pressure : Erratic,

Intermittent, or Incorrect

NA

3251-3

2458-3

Particulate Trap Differential Pressure : Voltage Above Normal

NA

3251-4

2458-4

Particulate Trap Differential Pressure : Voltage Below Normal

NA

3251-13

2458-13

Particulate Trap Differential Pressure : Calibration Required

NA

3358-3

3385-3

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Inlet Pressure :

Voltage Above Normal

NA

3358-4

3385-4

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Inlet Pressure :

Voltage Below Normal

NA

3358-16

1090 (2)

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Inlet Pressure :

High - moderate severity (2)
(continued)

SEBU8570-01

41
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

(Table 2, contd)

Cross Reference for Diagnostic Codes and Event Codes

Flash
Code

SPN(1)/FMI Code

Diagnostic Code
or
Event Code

Description of Code

NA

3358-21

3385-21

Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Inlet Pressure : Data Drifted Low

NA

3473-31

1025 (2)

Aftertreatment #1 Failed to Ignite

NA

3474-14

1026 (1)

Aftertreatment #1 Loss of Combustion : Special Instruction

NA

3474-31

1026 (2)

Aftertreatment #1 Loss of Combustion

NA

3479-5

2461-5

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure Control : Current Below Normal

NA

3479-6

2461-6

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure Control : Current Above Normal

NA

3480-3

2460-3

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #1 : Voltage Above Normal

NA

3480-4

2460-4

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #1 : Voltage Below Normal

NA

3480-15

1050 (1)

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #1 : High - least severe (1)

NA

3480-16

1050 (2)

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #1 : High - moderate severity (2)

NA

3480-17

1052 (1)

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #1 : Low - least severe (1)

NA

3480-18

1052 (2)

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #1 : Low - moderate severity (2)

NA

3483-11

1305 (1)

Aftertreatment #1 Regeneration Status : Other Failure Mode

NA

3484-5

2465-5

Aftertreatment #1 Ignition : Current Below Normal

NA

3484-6

2465-6

Aftertreatment #1 Ignition : Current Above Normal

NA

3487-5

2489-5

Aftertreatment #1 Air Pressure Control : Current Below Normal

NA

3487-6

2489-6

Aftertreatment #1 Air Pressure Control : Current Above Normal

NA

3487-7

2489-7

Aftertreatment #1 Air Pressure Control : Not Responding Properly

NA

3487-8

2489-8

Aftertreatment #1 Air Pressure Control : Abnormal

Frequency, Pulse Width, or Period

NA

3488-3

2490-3

Aftertreatment #1 Air Pressure Actuator Position :

Voltage Above Normal

NA

3488-4

2490-4

Aftertreatment #1 Air Pressure Actuator Position :

Voltage Below Normal

NA

3511-3

3482-3

Sensor Supply Voltage 3 : Voltage Above Normal

NA

3511-4

3482-4

Sensor Supply Voltage 3 : Voltage Below Normal

NA

3556-7

1070 (1)

Aftertreatment Fuel Injector #1 : Not Responding Properly

NA

3563-21

1785-21

Engine Intake Manifold #1 Absolute Pressure : Data Drifted Low

NA

3609-3

3464-3

DPF #1 Intake Pressure : Voltage Above Normal

NA

3609-4

3464-4

DPF #1 Intake Pressure : Voltage Below Normal

NA

3609-13

3464-13

DPF #1 Intake Pressure : Calibration Required

NA

3609-15

1156 (1)

DPF #1 Intake Pressure : High - least severe (1)

NA

3609-17

1154 (1)

DPF #1 Intake Pressure : Low - least severe (1)

NA

3609-21

3464-21

DPF #1 Intake Pressure : Data Drifted Low

NA

3703-31

993 (20)

Particulate Trap Active Regeneration Inhibited Due to Inhibit Switch

NA

3711-31

593 (2)

Particulate Trap Active Regeneration Inhibited Due to

Low Exhaust Gas Temperature

NA

3714-31

992 (3)

Particulate Trap Active Regeneration Inhibited Due to

Temporary System Lockout

NA

3715-31

991 (3)

Particulate Trap Active Regeneration Inhibited Due to

Permanent System Lockout

NA

3719-0

995 (3)

Particulate Trap #1 Soot Load Percent : High - most severe (3)

(continued)

42
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

SEBU8570-01

(Table 2, contd)

Cross Reference for Diagnostic Codes and Event Codes

Flash
Code

SPN(1)/FMI Code

Diagnostic Code
or
Event Code

Description of Code

NA

3719-16

995 (2)

Particulate Trap #1 Soot Load Percent : High moderate severity (2)

NA

3720-15

997 (1)

Particulate Trap #1 Ash Load Percent : High - least severe (1)

NA

3720-16

997 (2)

Particulate Trap #1 Ash Load Percent : High - moderate severity (2)

NA

3750-31

1239 (1)

DPF #1 Conditions Not Met for Active Regeneration

NA

3837-3

3493-3

Aftertreatment 1 Secondary Air Pressure : Voltage Above Normal

NA

3837-4

3493-4

Aftertreatment 1 Secondary Air Pressure : Voltage Below Normal

NA

3837-13

3493-13

Aftertreatment 1 Secondary Air Pressure : Calibration Required

NA

3837-17

1170 (1)

Aftertreatment 1 Secondary Air Pressure : Low - least severe (1)

NA

3837-21

3493-21

Aftertreatment 1 Secondary Air Pressure : Data Drifted Low

NA

4077-3

2497-3

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #2 : Voltage Above Normal

NA

4077-4

2497-4

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #2 : Voltage Below Normal

NA

4077-15

1051 (1)

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #2 : High - least severe (1)

NA

4077-16

1051 (2)

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #2 : High - moderate severity (2)

NA

4077-17

1053 (1)

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #2 : Low - least severe (1)

NA

4077-18

1053 (2)

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #2 : Low - moderate severity (2)

NA

4265-5

3180-5

Aftertreatment #1 Transformer Secondary Output :

Current Below Normal

NA

4301-5

3182-5

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Injector #1 Heater Control :

Current Below Normal

NA

4301-6

3182-6

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Injector #1 Heater Control :

Current Above Normal

NA

4783-3

3397-3

DPF #1 Mean Soot Signal : Voltage Above Normal

NA

4783-4

3397-4

DPF #1 Mean Soot Signal : Voltage Below Normal

NA

4783-9

3397-9

DPF #1 Mean Soot Signal : Abnormal Update Rate

NA

4783-12

3397-12

DPF #1 Mean Soot Signal : Failure

NA

4783-13

3397-13

DPF #1 Mean Soot Signal : Calibration Required

NA

4783-19

3397-19

DPF #1 Mean Soot Signal : Data Error

NA

4783-21

3397-21

DPF #1 Mean Soot Signal : Data Drifted Low

NA

5276-5

3409-5

Engine Exhaust Manifold Bank #1 Flow Balance Valve

Actuator Control : Current Below Normal

NA

5276-6

3409-6

Engine Exhaust Manifold Bank #1 Flow Balance Valve

Actuator Control : Current Above Normal

NA

5276-7

1123 (1)

Engine Exhaust Manifold Bank #1 Flow Balance Valve

Actuator Control : Not Responding Properly

NA

5423-5

3427-5

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pump Relay Control : Current Below Normal

NA

5423-6

3427-6

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pump Relay Control : Current

Above Normal

NA

5424-5

3413-5

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Flow Diverter Valve Control

: Current Below Normal

NA

5424-6

3413-6

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Flow Diverter Valve Control

: Current Above Normal

NA

5425-5

3391-5

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #2 Actuator Control

: Current Below Normal
(continued)

SEBU8570-01

43
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

(Table 2, contd)

Cross Reference for Diagnostic Codes and Event Codes

(1)

Flash
Code

SPN(1)/FMI Code

Diagnostic Code
or
Event Code

Description of Code

NA

5425-6

3391-6

Aftertreatment #1 Fuel Pressure #2 Actuator Control

: Current Above Normal

NA

5495-14

3397-14

Aftertreatment #1 DPF Soot Mean Calibration Offset

: Special Instruction

NA

5576-2

3468-2

Aftertreatment #1 Identification : Erratic, Intermittent, or Incorrect

NA

5576-8

3468-8

Aftertreatment #1 Identification : Abnormal Frequency,

Pulse Width, or Period

NA

5576-14

3468-14

Aftertreatment #1 Identification : Special Instruction

NA

5578-3

289-3

Engine Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure : Voltage Above Normal

NA

5578-4

289-4

Engine Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure : Voltage Below Normal

NA

5578-13

289-13

Engine Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure : Calibration Required

NA

5578-21

289-21

Engine Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure : Data Drifted Low

NA

5580-3

460-3

Engine Filtered Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure :

Voltage Above Normal

NA

5580-4

460-4

Engine Filtered Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure :

Voltage Below Normal

NA

5580-13

460-13

Engine Filtered Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure

: Calibration Required

NA

5580-17

198 (1)

Engine Filtered Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure :

Low - least severe (1)

NA

5580-18

198 (2)

Engine Filtered Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure :

Low - moderate severity (2)

NA

5580-21

460-21

Engine Filtered Fuel Delivery Absolute Pressure : Data Drifted Low

NA

5584-0

390 (3)

Fuel Filter Restriction : High - most severe (3)

NA

5584-15

390 (1)

Fuel Filter Restriciton : Low - least severe (1)

NA

5584-16

390 (2)

Fuel Filter Restriction : Low - moderate severity (2)

NA

5585-15

1220 (1)

Engine Injector Metering Rail #1 Cranking Pressure

: High - least severe (1)

NA

5591-3

3472-3

Aftertreatment #1 DPF Air Control Module : Voltage Above Normal

NA

5591-4

3472-4

Aftertreatment #1 DPF Air Control Module : Voltage Below Normal

NA

5591-5

3471-5

Aftertreatment #1 DPF Air Control Module : Current Below Normal

NA

5591-6

3471-6

Aftertreatment #1 DPF Air Control Module : Current Above Normal

NA

5591-9

3472-9

Aftertreatment #1 DPF Air Control Module : Abnormal Update Rate

NA

5591-14

3472-14

Aftertreatment #1 DPF Air Control Module : Special Instruction

Suspect Parameter Number

Flash Code A code that will be flashed through

the diagnostic lamp in a sequence.
SPN/FMI Code This type of code is used on
products equipped with the J1939 communication
protocol. The code will be displayed in this format
on Cat ET and the mini industrial display panel (if
equipped).

Diagnostic Code or Event Code These types

of codes are used when the proprietary Cat CDL
communication protocol is used. The codes will be
displayed in this format on Cat Electronic Technician
(ET) or the mini industrial display panel (if equipped).
Code Description Provides a description of the
system or component on the engine that has the
fault. Code description will be displayed on Cat ET or
the mini industrial display panel (if equipped).

44
Operation Section
Engine Diagnostics

Note: Code descriptions may vary slightly between

J1939 and CDL communication protocols.

SEBU8570-01

SEBU8570-01

45
Operation Section
Engine Starting

Engine Starting

Ensure that the areas around the rotating parts are

clear.

i02354640

Before Starting Engine

SMCS Code: 1000; 1400; 1450
Perform the required daily maintenance and other
periodic maintenance before the engine is started.
Inspect the engine compartment. This inspection can
help prevent major repairs at a later date.

For the maximum service life of the engine, make

a thorough inspection before starting the engine.

Look for the following items: oil leaks, coolant
leaks, loose bolts, and trash buildup. Remove trash
buildup and arrange for repairs, as needed.

Inspect the cooling system hoses for cracks and

for loose clamps.

Inspect the alternator and accessory drive belts for

cracks, breaks, and other damage.

Inspect the wiring for loose connections and for

worn wires or frayed wires.

Check the fuel supply. Drain water from the water

separator (if equipped). Open the fuel supply valve.

All of the guards must be put in place. Check for

damaged guards or for missing guards. Repair
any damaged guards. Replace damaged guards
and/or missing guards.

Disconnect any battery chargers that are not

protected against the high current drain that

is created when the electric starting motor (if
equipped) is engaged. Check electrical cables
and check the battery for poor connections and
for corrosion.

Reset any of the shutoff components or alarm

components.

Check the engine lubrication oil level. Maintain the

oil level between the ADD mark and the FULL
mark on the oil level gauge.

Check the coolant level. Maintain the coolant level

within 13 mm (0.5 inch) of the bottom of the filler
pipe. If the engine is equipped with a sight glass,
maintain the coolant level in the sight glass.

Observe the air cleaner service indicator. Service

the air cleaner when the red target locks in the
visible position.

Disengage any driven equipment. Remove any

NOTICE
All valves in the fuel return line must be open before
and during engine operation to help prevent high fuel
pressure. High fuel pressure may cause filter housing
failure or other damage.
If the engine has not been run for several weeks,
fuel may have drained from the fuel system. Air
may have entered the filter housing. Also, when fuel
filters have been changed, some air space will be
left in the housing. In these instances, prime the fuel
system. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Fuel System - Prime for more information
on priming the fuel system.

Engine exhaust contains products of combustion

which may be harmful to your health. Always start
and operate the engine in a well ventilated area
and, if in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the
outside.

Do not start the engine or move any of the controls

if there is a DO NOT OPERATE warning tag or
similar warning tag attached to the start switch or
to the controls.

electrical loads.

i04032033

Starting the Engine

SMCS Code: 1000; 1450

Engine exhaust contains products of combustion

which may be harmful to your health. Always start
and operate the engine in a well ventilated area
and, if in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the
outside.

Starting the Engine

Refer to the Owner's Manual of the OEM for your
type of controls. Use the following procedure to start
the engine.
1. Place the transmission in NEUTRAL. Disengage
the flywheel clutch in order to allow the engine
to start faster, and to reduce the draining of the
battery.
2. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.

46
Operation Section
Engine Starting

During the key on, the diagnostic lamp, warning

lamp, regeneration lamps, and DPF disabled lamp
will be checked for proper bulb operation. If any of
the lamps do not illuminate, replace the bulb.
NOTICE
Do not engage the starting motor when flywheel is
turning. Do not start the engine under load.
If the engine fails to start within 30 seconds, release
the starter switch or button and wait two minutes to
allow the starting motor to cool before attempting to
start the engine again.
3. Push the start button or turn the ignition switch to
the START position in order to crank the engine.
Do not push down or hold the throttle down
while the engine is cranked. The system will
automatically provide the correct amount of fuel
that is needed to start the engine.
4. If the engine fails to start within 30 seconds,
release the start button, or the ignition switch. Wait
for 2 minutes in order to allow the starting motor to
cool before attempting to start the engine again.
NOTICE
Oil pressure should rise within 15 seconds after the
engine starts. Do not increase engine rpm until the oil
pressure gauge indicates normal. If oil pressure is not
indicated on the gauge within 15 seconds, DO NOT
operate the engine. STOP the engine, investigate and
correct the cause.

SEBU8570-01

If the engine is operated with a low load, the engine

will reach normal operating temperature sooner than
idling the engine with no load. When the engine is
idled in cold weather, increase the engine rpm to
approximately 1000 to 1200 rpm in order to warm
up the engine more quickly. Do not exceed the
recommended rpm in order to increase the speed
of the warm-up. Limit unnecessary idle time to 10
minutes.

Starting Problems
An occasional starting problem may be caused by
one of the following items:

Low battery charge

Lack of fuel
Problem with the wiring harness
If the engine fuel system has been run dry, fill the
fuel tank and prime the fuel system. Refer to the
Operation and Maintenance Manual, Fuel System Prime topic (Maintenance Section).
If the other problems are suspected, perform the
appropriate procedure in order to start the engine.

Problems with the Wiring Harness

5. Allow the engine to idle for approximately

3 minutes. Idle the engine until the water
temperature gauge has begun to rise. Check all
gauges during the warm-up period.
Note: Oil pressures and fuel pressures should be in
the normal range on the instrument panel. Engines
that are equipped with WARNING lamps do not
have an operating range. The WARNING and
DIAGNOSTIC lamp (if equipped) will flash while
the engine is cranking. The lamp should turn off
after proper engine oil pressure or fuel pressure
is achieved. Do not apply a load to the engine or
increase engine rpm until the oil pressure gauge
indicates at least normal pressure. Inspect the engine
for leaks and/or unusual noises.

Illustration 30

g01248812

ECM Connector J2/P2

Locate the ECM. Check the connector in order to

ensure that the connector is secure. Lightly pull each
of the wires in the chassis harness.
1. Pull each wire with approximately 4.5 kg (10 lb) of
force. The wire should remain in the connector.

SEBU8570-01

47
Operation Section
Engine Starting

2. If a wire is loose, push the wire back into the

connector. Pull the wire again in order to ensure
that the wire is secure.
3. Start the engine. If the engine does not start,
consult the nearest Caterpillar dealer for
assistance.
i03713360

Cold Weather Starting

i02049673

Starting with Jump Start

Cables
(Do Not Use This Procedure in
Hazardous Locations that have
Explosive Atmospheres)
SMCS Code: 1000; 1401; 1402; 1900

SMCS Code: 1000; 1250; 1450; 1453; 1456; 1900

Startability will be improved at temperatures below
10C (50F) from the use of a cylinder block coolant
heater or from other means that are used to heat
the crankcase oil. Some engine applications use a
jacket water heater to improve startability. This will
help reduce white smoke and misfire during start-up
in cold weather.
Note: If the engine has not been run for several
weeks, fuel may have drained. Air may have moved
into the filter housing. Also, when fuel filters have
been changed, some air will be left in the filter
housing. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Fuel System - Prime (Maintenance Section)
for more information on priming the fuel system.

Ether Injection System

The ether injection system is controlled by the ECM.
The ECM monitors the coolant temperature, intake
air temperature and ambient air temperature as well
as barometric pressure in order to decide when
ether injection is needed. At sea level, ether will be
used if any of the temperatures fails to exceed 0 C
(32 F). This temperature is subject to an increase as
barometric pressure increases.

Personal injury or property damage can result

from alcohol or starting fluids.
Alcohol or starting fluids are highly flammable and
toxic and if improperly stored could result in injury
or property damage.
Follow the procedure in this Operation and
Maintenance Manual, Starting the Engine.

The connection of battery cables to a battery and

the disconnection of battery cables from a battery
may cause an explosion which may result in injury
or death. The connection and the disconnection
of other electrical equipment may also cause an
explosion which may result in injury or death. The
procedures for the connection and the disconnection of battery cables and other electrical equipment should only be performed in a nonexplosive
atmosphere.

Improper jump start cable connections can cause

an explosion resulting in personal injury.
Prevent sparks near the batteries. Sparks could
cause vapors to explode. Do not allow jump start
cable ends to contact each other or the engine.
If the installation is not equipped with a backup
battery system, it may be necessary to start the
engine from an external electrical source.
First, determine the reason that it is necessary to
start with power from an external source. Refer to
Special Instruction, SEHS7768, Use of the 6V-2150
Starting/Charging Analyzer.
Many batteries which are considered unusable are
still rechargeable. After jump starting, the alternator
may not be able to fully recharge batteries that
are severely discharged. The batteries must be
charged to the proper voltage with a battery charger.
For information on testing and charging, refer to
the Special Instruction, SEHS7633, Battery Test
Procedure.

48
Operation Section
Engine Starting

SEBU8570-01

i04032035

NOTICE
Using a battery source with the same voltage as the
electric starting motor. Use ONLY equal voltage for
jump starting. The use of higher voltage will damage
the electrical system.
Do not reverse the battery cables. The alternator can
be damaged. Attach ground cable last and remove
first.
When using an external electrical source to start the
engine, turn the generator set control switch to the
OFF position. Turn all electrical accessories OFF before attaching the jump start cables.
Ensure that the main power switch is in the OFF position before attaching the jump start cables to the engine being started.
1. Turn the start switch on the stalled engine to the
OFF position. Turn off all accessories.
2. Connect one positive end of the jump start cable
to the positive cable terminal of the discharged
battery. Connect the other positive end of the jump
start cable to the positive cable terminal of the
electrical source.
3. Connect one negative end of the jump start cable
to the negative cable terminal of the electrical
source. Connect the other negative end of the
jump start cable to the engine block or to the
chassis ground. This procedure helps to prevent
potential sparks from igniting combustible gases
that are produced by some batteries.
4. Charge the batteries. The engine will not continue
to run after starting if the batteries have not been
charged.
5. Start the engine.
6. Immediately after the stalled engine is started,
disconnect the jump start cables in reverse order.
Refer to the Electrical Schematic for your engine.
Consult your Caterpillar dealer for more information.

After Starting Engine

SMCS Code: 1000
Note: In temperatures from 0 to 60C (32 to 140F),
the warm-up time is approximately 3 minutes. In
temperatures below 0C (32F), additional warm-up
time may be required.
When the engine idles during warm-up, observe the
following conditions:

Check for any fluid or for any air leaks at idle rpm

and at one-half full rpm (no load on the engine)

before operating the engine under load. Operating
the engine at idle and at one-half full rpm with no
load is not possible in some applications.

Operate the engine at low idle until all systems

achieve operating temperatures. Check all gauges

during the warm-up period.

Note: Gauge readings should be observed and

the data should be recorded frequently while the
engine is operating. Comparing the data over time
will help to determine normal readings for each
gauge. Comparing data over time will also help
detect abnormal operating developments. Significant
changes in the readings should be investigated.

SEBU8570-01

49
Operation Section
Engine Operation

Engine Operation
i00718869

Engine Operation

Active Regeneration The engine does not create

enough heat in order to regenerate the DPF. The
ARD must be used to create the heat necessary to
regenerate the DPF.

Regeneration Indicators

SMCS Code: 1000

Proper operation and maintenance are key factors
in obtaining the maximum life and economy of
the engine. If the directions in the Operation and
Maintenance Manual are followed, costs can be
minimized and engine service life can be maximized.
The time that is needed for the engine to reach
normal operating temperature can be less than the
time needed for a walk-around inspection of the
engine.
After the engine is started and after the engine
reaches normal operating temperature, the engine
can be operated at the rated rpm. The engine will
reach normal operating temperature faster when
the engine is at rated speed. The engine will reach
normal operating temperature faster when the engine
is at low power demand. This procedure is more
effective than idling the engine at no load. The engine
should reach operating temperature in a few minutes.
Gauge readings should be observed and the data
should be recorded frequently while the engine
is operating. Comparing the data over time will
help to determine normal readings for each gauge.
Comparing data over time will also help detect
abnormal operating developments. Significant
changes in the readings should be investigated.
i03922495

Diesel Particulate Filter

Regeneration
SMCS Code: 108F

Regeneration
Regeneration is the removal of soot from the
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). The Aftertreatment
Regeneration Device (ARD) is used to regenerate
the DPF. The DPF traps both soot and ash. The
ash is removed through a manual cleaning process.
Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, Diesel
Particulate Filter - Clean for more information on the
service of the DPF.

Types of Regeneration
Passive Regeneration The engine will create
enough heat in order to regenerate the DPF.

High Exhaust System Temperature

This indicator will illuminate in order to show
that the ARD is active.
Note: This lamp will remain on for time after
regeneration has completed. The lamp will turn off
once DPF temperature is below 400 C.
DPF Lamp This indicator will illuminate
in order to show that a regeneration is
needed. This indicator will illuminate when
the soot level reaches 80%.
Regeneration Disabled This indicator
will illuminate in order to show that a
regeneration has been disabled.

Regeneration Switch
Note: The MIDDLE position of the regeneration
switch is the default position for low and high speed
regenerations.
Note: Some OEMs may use other means of
activating a forced regeneration such as touch screen
interfaces.
Force Regeneration Press in the top of
the switch for 2 seconds in order to begin
regeneration. An indicator light on the switch
will become active showing that the regeneration
is active. The high exhaust temperature indicator
will become active showing that the regeneration
is active. The high exhaust temperature indicator
will deactivate after regeneration is completed or the
regeneration has been disabled.
Disable Regeneration Press in the
bottom of the switch for 2 seconds in
order to disable regeneration. An indicator
light on the switch will become active showing that
the regeneration is being disabled. The indicator
will deactivate after the disable regeneration is
completed.
Note: To re-enable the regeneration, cycle the engine
start switch key or press and hold down the force
regeneration switch for 2 seconds.

50
Operation Section
Engine Operation

SEBU8570-01

Note: If the engine start switch key is cycled while

the regeneration system is disabled via the disable
regeneration switch, press and hold the disable
regeneration switch for 2 seconds to re-initiate the
disable regeneration.
High Speed Regen Enable Switch This switch is
used to enable high speed regens. If pressed and in
the locked position, the engine control module will
attempt high speed regens if the engine is operating
as described above. If the switch is not pressed and
locked, only the low speed automatic and forced
regenerations will be allowed.

Illustration 32

g02237313

(A) Engine Load Factor

(B) Engine RPM
(1) Low speed automatic regeneration
(2) High speed automatic regeneration (60-80% soot load)
(3) High speed regeneration (80-100% soot load)

Low Speed Automatic Regeneration (1)

Engine must be at low idle. If low idle speed is less
than 1000 rpm, engine speed will automatically
increase to between 1000 and 1400 rpm to activate
a regeneration.
Illustration 31

g02220493

High Speed Regen Enable Switch

Note: This switch will only be on engines with CAT

instrument panels.

Modes of Regeneration
Automatic: An automatic regeneration is allowed

between approximately 30% and 100% on the soot

level monitor. An automatic regeneration is initiated
when the engine control module determines
conditions are acceptable for regeneration to occur.

Forced: A forced regeneration is initiated by

pressing the force regeneration switch. A forced

regeneration is allowed when the soot level is
equal to or greater than 15%. The machine must
be brought to a low idle speed in order to perform
a forced regeneration.

Disabled: When the regeneration system is in

disabled mode, automatic regenerations will not

be performed.

Load on engine should be minimal. Soot percentage

must be between 30% and 100% on the soot monitor.

High Speed Automatic Regeneration

(60%-80% Soot Load) (2)
Engine can be operating between approximately
1300 rpm and 1800 rpm
Engine load factor can be anywhere between 15%
and 100%
Soot load percentage will be between 60 and 80%
when this type of regeneration is available.
Note: If high speed automatic regenerations are
not being performed, take the engine to low speed
regeneration window before investigating system
for issues. There are other factors not outlined
above which need to be met in order for high speed
automatic regenerations to occur.

SEBU8570-01

51
Operation Section
Engine Operation

High Speed Automatic Regeneration

(80%-100% Soot Load) (3)

Lamp will illuminate when DPF soot load is greater

than 80%

Engine can be operating between approximately

1000 rpm and 2200 rpm

Regeneration should be performed as soon as

possible. If high speed automatic regenerations
are not activating, take engine to low speed
automatic window or perform a forced
regeneration.

Engine load factor can be anywhere between 15%

and 100%
Soot load percentage will be between 80 and 100%
when this type of regeneration is available.

Lamp will turn off once DPF regeneration has started.

Note: If high speed automatic regenerations are

not being performed, take the engine to low speed
regeneration window before investigating system
for issues. There are other factors not outlined
above which need to be met in order for high speed
automatic regenerations to occur.
Illustration 35

Soot Level Monitoring

g02117261

Action lamp will accompany DPF lamp when soot

load is greater than 100%. Audible horn will also
sound. Not all application will have audible horn.
Engine power will be derated 50%. Derate will
increase in severity the longer engine is operated
with the soot gauge at 100%.

Illustration 33

g02031516

The soot level monitor indicates the level of soot that

has accumulated within the DPF. The three marks on
the monitor represent a percentage of soot within the
DPF. The marks on the gauge represent a percentage
of soot. The first mark 50%, the second mark 75%,
and the last mark 100%. The soot level monitor can
be used to optimize DPF regenerations based upon
the work cycle of your machine. If machine conditions
do not allow for an automatic regeneration, a forced
regeneration should be performed before the soot
level gauge indicates 100%.
Note: The soot level monitor may not be applied to
all engines. Some OEM's may also use a different
method of displaying soot load of the DPF. Refer to
OEM operation manual for explanation.

Regeneration System Warning

Indicators

Illustration 34

g02117258

High speed regen is disabled. Engine must be

brought to conditions that will allow low speed
regeneration. Forced regeneration is also allowed.
After a certain amount of time, engine will
automatically shut down. Engine can be restarted
but will only run for 30 seconds before shutting down
again. Once engine enters shutdown strategy, a
CAT dealer must be called to perform a service level
regeneration.
Finally, if engine is still allowed to operate without
performing a regeneration, regeneration will be
locked out completely and the DPF must be replaced.

52
Operation Section
Engine Operation

SEBU8570-01

i04038637

i01136207

Engaging the Driven

Equipment

Fuel Conservation Practices

SMCS Code: 1000

The efficiency of the engine can affect the fuel

economy. Caterpillar's design and technology in
manufacturing provides maximum fuel efficiency in
all applications. Follow the recommended procedures
in order to attain optimum performance for the life
of the engine.

1. Operate the engine at one-half of the rated rpm,

when possible.
2. Engage the driven equipment without a load on
the equipment, when possible.
Interrupted starts put excessive stress on the drive
train. Interrupted starts also waste fuel. To get the
driven equipment in motion, engage the clutch
smoothly with no load on the equipment. This
method should produce a start that is smooth and
easy. The engine rpm should not increase and the
clutch should not slip.

SMCS Code: 1000; 1250

Avoid spilling fuel.

Fuel expands when the fuel is warmed up. The fuel
may overflow from the fuel tank. Inspect fuel lines for
leaks. Repair the fuel lines, as needed.

Be aware of the properties of the different fuels.

Use only the recommended fuels.

3. Ensure that the ranges of the gauges are normal

when the engine is operating at one-half of
the rated rpm. Ensure that all gauges operate
properly.

Avoid unnecessary idling.

4. Increase the engine rpm to the rated rpm. Always

increase the engine rpm to the rated rpm before
the load is applied.

Observe the service indicator frequently. Keep the

5. Apply the load. Begin operating the engine at low

load. Check the gauges and equipment for proper
operation. After normal oil pressure is reached
and the temperature gauge begins to move,
the engine may be operated at full load. Check
the gauges and equipment frequently when the
engine is operated under load.
Extended operation at low idle or at reduced load
may cause increased oil consumption and carbon
buildup in the cylinders. This carbon buildup
results in a loss of power and/or poor performance.

Shut off the engine rather than idle for long periods of
time.
air cleaner elements clean.

Ensure that the turbochargers are operating

correctly so that the proper air/fuel ratio is
maintained. Clean exhaust indicates proper
functioning.

Maintain a good electrical system.

One faulty battery cell will overwork the alternator.
This will consume excess power and excess fuel.

Ensure that the belts are properly adjusted. The

belts should be in good condition.

Ensure that all of the connections of the hoses are

tight. The connections should not leak.

Ensure that the driven equipment is in good

working order.

Cold engines consume excess fuel. Utilize heat

from the jacket water system and the exhaust
system, when possible. Keep cooling system
components clean and keep cooling system
components in good repair. Never operate the
engine without water temperature regulators.
All of these items will help maintain operating
temperatures.

SEBU8570-01

53
Operation Section
Engine Stopping

Engine Stopping

i01465494

After Stopping Engine

i03565680

Manual Stop Procedure

SMCS Code: 1000
NOTICE
Stopping the engine immediately after it has been
working under load can result in overheating and accelerated wear of the engine components.
If the engine has been operating at high rpm and/or
high loads, run at low idle for at least three minutes
to reduce and stabilize internal engine temperature
before stopping the engine.
Avoiding hot engine shutdowns will maximize turbocharger shaft and bearing life.
Note: Individual applications will have different
control systems. Ensure that the shutoff procedures
are understood. Use the following general guidelines
in order to stop the engine.
1. Remove the load, when possible. Reduce the
engine speed (rpm) to low idle.
2. Increase the engine speed (rpm) to no more than
one-half of the rated rpm. Perform this procedure
for three to five minutes in order to cool the engine.
Reduce the engine speed (rpm) to low idle.
3. After the cool down period, turn the start switch to
the OFF position.

SMCS Code: 1000

Note: Before you check the engine oil, do not operate
the engine for at least 10 minutes in order to allow
the engine oil to return to the oil pan.

Check the crankcase oil level. Maintain the oil level

between the ADD mark and the FULL mark on
the oil level gauge.

If necessary, perform minor adjustments. Repair

any leaks and tighten any loose bolts.

Note the service hour meter reading. Perform

the maintenance that is in the Operation and
Maintenance Manual, Maintenance Interval
Schedule.

Fill the fuel tank in order to help prevent

accumulation of moisture in the fuel. Do not overfill

the fuel tank.

NOTICE
Only use antifreeze/coolant mixtures recommended in
the Coolant Specifications that are in the Operation
and Maintenance Manual. Failure to do so can cause
engine damage.

Allow the engine to cool. Check the coolant level.

If freezing temperatures are expected, check

the coolant for proper antifreeze protection. The

cooling system must be protected against freezing
to the lowest expected outside temperature. Add
the proper coolant/water mixture, if necessary.

Perform all required periodic maintenance on all

driven equipment. This maintenance is outlined in

the instructions from the OEM.

54
Operation Section
Cold Weather Operation

SEBU8570-01

Cold Weather Operation

i03729720

Radiator Restrictions
SMCS Code: 1353; 1396
Caterpillar discourages the use of airflow restriction
devices that are mounted in front of radiators. Airflow
restriction can cause the following conditions:

Quantities of No. 1 diesel fuel are limited. No. 1 diesel

fuels are usually available during the months of the
winter in the colder climates. During cold weather
operation, if No. 1 diesel fuel is not available, use No.
2 diesel fuel, if necessary.
There are three major differences between No. 1 and
No. 2 diesel fuel. No. 1 diesel fuel has the following
properties:

Lower cloud point

Lower pour point

High exhaust temperatures

Lower rating of kJ (BTU) per unit volume of fuel

Power loss

When No. 1 diesel fuel is used, a decrease in power

and in fuel efficiency may be noticed. Other operating
effects should not be experienced.

Excessive fan usage

Reduction in fuel economy
If an airflow restriction device must be used, the
device should have a permanent opening directly
in line with the fan hub. The device must have a
minimum opening dimension of at least 770 cm2
(120 in2).
A centered opening that is directly in line with the fan
hub is specified in order to prevent an interrupted
airflow on the fan blades. Interrupted airflow on the
fan blades could cause a fan failure.
Caterpillar recommends a warning device for the
inlet manifold temperature and/or the installation of
an inlet air temperature gauge. The warning device
for the inlet manifold temperature should be set at
90 C (194 F). The inlet manifold air temperature
should not exceed 75 C (167 F). Temperatures that
exceed this limit can cause power loss and potential
engine damage.
i02237624

Fuel and the Effect from Cold

Weather
SMCS Code: 1000; 1250
The following fuels are the grades that are available
for Caterpillar engines:

No. 1
No. 2
Blend of No. 1 and No. 2
No. 2 diesel fuel is the most commonly used fuel.
Either No. 1 diesel fuel or a blend of No. 1 and No. 2
is best suited for cold weather operation.

The cloud point is the temperature when a cloud of

wax crystals begins to form in the fuel. These crystals
can cause the fuel filters to plug. The pour point is
the temperature when diesel fuel will thicken. The
diesel fuel becomes more resistant to flow through
fuel pumps and through fuel lines.
Be aware of these values when diesel fuel is
purchased. Anticipate the average ambient
temperature of the area. Engines that are fueled in
one climate may not operate well if the engines are
moved to another climate. Problems can result due
to changes in temperature.
Before troubleshooting for low power or for poor
performance in the winter, check the type of fuel that
is being used.
When No. 2 diesel fuel is used the following
components provide a means of minimizing problems
in cold weather:

Starting aids
Engine oil pan heaters
Engine coolant heaters
Fuel heaters
Fuel line insulation
For more information on cold weather operation,
see Special Publication, SEBU5898, Cold Weather
Recommendations.

SEBU8570-01

55
Operation Section
Cold Weather Operation

i03728501

Fuel Related Components in

Cold Weather
SMCS Code: 1000; 1250

Fuel Tanks
Condensation can form in partially filled fuel tanks.
Top off the fuel tanks after operating the engine.
Fuel tanks should contain some provision for draining
water and sediment from the bottom of the tanks.
Some fuel tanks use supply pipes that allow water
and sediment to settle below the end of the fuel
supply pipe.
Some fuel tanks use supply lines that take fuel
directly from the bottom of the tank. If the engine is
equipped with this system, regular maintenance of
the fuel system filter is important.
Drain the water and sediment from any fuel storage
tank at the following intervals:

Weekly
Oil changes
Refueling of the fuel tank
This will help prevent water and/or sediment from
being pumped from the fuel storage tank and into
the engine fuel tank.

Fuel Heaters
Fuel heaters help to prevent fuel filters from plugging
in cold weather due to waxing. A fuel heater should
be installed in order for the fuel to be heated before
the fuel enters the primary fuel filter.
Select a fuel heater that is mechanically simple, yet
adequate for the application. The fuel heater should
also help to prevent overheating of the fuel. High fuel
temperatures reduce engine performance and the
availability of engine power. Choose a fuel heater
with a large heating surface. The fuel heater should
be practical in size. Small heaters can be too hot due
to the limited surface area.
Disconnect the fuel heater in warm weather.

Note: Fuel heaters that are controlled by the water

temperature regulator or self-regulating fuel heaters
should be used with this engine. Fuel heaters that
are not controlled by the water temperature regulator
can heat the fuel in excess of 65 C (149 F). A
loss of engine power can occur if the fuel supply
temperature exceeds 37 C (100 F).
Note: Heat exchanger type fuel heaters should have
a bypass provision in order to prevent overheating of
the fuel in warm weather operation.
For further information on fuel heaters, consult your
Caterpillar dealer.

56
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities

SEBU8570-01

Maintenance Section

Engine Oil

Refill Capacities

Cat oils have been developed and tested in order to

provide the full performance and life that has been
designed and built into Cat engines.
i04023166

Refill Capacities and

Recommendations
SMCS Code: 1348; 1395; 7560
NOTICE
Every attempt is made to provide accurate, up-to-date
information. By the use of this document, you agree
that Caterpillar Inc. is not responsible for errors or
omissions.
NOTICE
These recommendations are subject to change without prior notice. Contact your Caterpillar dealer for the
most up to date recommendations.
Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251, Caterpillar
Commercial Engine Fluids Recommendations for
additional information.
Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Severe Service Application Check for information
about operating an engine in a severe service
application.
Note: Instructions for the installation of the filter are
printed on the side of each Caterpillar spin-on filter.
For filters that are not Caterpillar filters, refer to the
installation instructions that are provided by the
supplier of the filter.

Diesel Engine Oil

Cat DEO (Diesel Engine Oil)
Due to significant variations in the quality and in
the performance of commercially available oils,
Caterpillar makes the following recommendations:

Cat DEO-ULS (Diesel Engine Oil Ultra Low

Sulfur) (SAE 5W-40)

Cat DEO-ULS (Diesel Engine Oil Ultra Low

Sulfur) (SAE 10W-30)

Cat DEO-ULS (Diesel Engine Oil Ultra Low

Sulfur) (SAE 15W-40)

Cat DEO-ULS or oils that meet the Cat ECF-3

specification and the API CJ-4 are required for use in
the applications listed below. Cat DEO-ULS and oils
meeting Cat ECF-3 specification and the API CJ-4
and ACEA E9 oil categories have been developed
with limited sulfated ash, phosphorus, and sulfur.
These chemical limits are designed to maintain the
expected aftertreatment devices life, performance,
and service interval. If oils meeting the Cat ECF-3
specification and the API CJ-4 specifications are not
available, oils meeting ACEA E9 may be used. ACEA
E9 oils meet the chemical limits designed to maintain
aftertreatment device life. ACEA E9 oils are validated
using some but not all ECF-3 and API CJ-4 standard
engine performance tests. Consult your oil supplier
when considering use of an oil that is not Cat ECF-3
or API CJ-4 qualified.
Failure to meet the listed requirements will damage
aftertreatment-equipped engines and can negatively
impact the performance of the aftertreatment devices.
The Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) will plug sooner
and require more frequent DPF ash service intervals.
Typical aftertreatment systems include the following:

Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF)

Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC)
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
Lean NOx Traps (LNT)
Other systems may apply.

SEBU8570-01

57
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities

Table 3

Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures

Compartment or System

Oil Type and Performance

Requirements

Oil Viscosities

Cat DEO-ULS Cold Weather

Engine Crankcase

Min

Max

Min

Max

SAE 0W-40

40

40

40

104

Cat DEO-ULS SYN

SAE 5W-40

30

50

22

122

Cat DEO-ULS

SAE 10W-30

18

40

104

Cat DEO-ULS

SAE 15W-40

9.5

50

15

122

NOTICE
Oil Renewal systems should not be used in engines
equipped with aftertreatment systems. Reduced life or
damage to the aftertreatment may occur.

SOS Services Oil Analysis

NOTICE
These recommendations are subject to change without prior notice. Contact your Caterpillar dealer for the
most up to date recommendations.
Caterpillar has developed a maintenance tool
that evaluates oil degradation. the maintenance
management also detects the early signs of wear
on internal components. The Caterpillar tool for oil
analysis is called SOS Oil Analysis and the tool
is part of the SOS Services program. SOS Oil
Analysis divides oil analysis into four categories:

Component wear rate

Oil condition
Oil contamination

NOTICE
Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and
use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling.
Using the same pump for both types of samples may
contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This
contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incorrect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both
dealers and customers.
Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251, Caterpillar
Commercial Engine Fluids Recommendations in
order to obtain additional information about SOS
Services oil analysis. You can also contact your
local Caterpillar dealer in order to obtain additional
information about the SOS Services Oil Analysis
program.

Refill Capacities (Engine Oil)

The refill capacities for the engine crankcase reflect
the approximate capacity of the crankcase or sump
plus standard oil filters. Auxiliary oil filter systems will
require additional oil. Refer to the OEM specifications
for the capacity of the auxiliary oil filter.
Table 4

C9.3 Industrial Engine

Approximate Refill Capacities

Identification of oil
These four types of analysis are used to monitor
the condition of your equipment. The four types of
analysis will also help you identify potential problems.
A properly administered SOS Oil Analysis program
will reduce repair costs and the program will lessen
the impact of downtime.
The SOS Oil Analysis program uses a wide range
of tests to determine the condition of the oil and the
condition of the lubricated compartment. Guidelines
that are based on experience and a correlation
to failures have been established for these tests.
Exceeding one or more of these guidelines could
indicate serious fluid degradation or a pending
component failure. A trained person at your
Caterpillar dealership should make the final analysis.

System
Oil Sump(1)
(1)

Liters

Quarts

32

33.8

These values are approximate capacities for the crankcase oil

sump which include the standard oil filters that are installed
at the factory. Engines with auxiliary oil filters will require
additional oil. Refer to the OEM specifications for the capacity
of the auxiliary oil filter.

58
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities

SEBU8570-01

Diesel Fuel Recommendations

Shorten the time interval between

aftertreatment device service intervals

(cause the need for more frequent service
intervals)

Adversely impact the performance and life

of aftertreatment devices (cause loss of
performance)

Reduce regeneration intervals of aftertreatment

devices

Reduce engine efficiency and durability.

Increase the wear.
Illustration 36

g02157153

NACD Film

Increase the corrosion.

Increase the deposits.
Lower fuel economy
Shorten the time period between oil drain intervals
(more frequent oil drain intervals).

Increase overall operating costs.

Failures that result from the use of improper fuels are
not Cat factory defects. Therefore the cost of repairs
would not be covered by a Cat warranty.

Illustration 37

g02052934

EAME Film

Diesel fuel must meet Cat Specification for Distillate

Fuel and the latest versions of ASTM D975 or EN
590 in order to ensure optimum engine performance.
Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6250, Caterpillar
Machine Fluids Recommendations for the latest
fuel information and for Cat fuel specification. This
manual may be found on the Web at Safety.Cat.com.
NOTICE
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel 0.0015 percent
(15 ppm (mg/kg)) sulfur is required by regulation for
use in engines certified to nonroad Tier 4 standards
(U.S. EPA Tier 4 certified) and that are equipped with
exhaust aftertreatment systems.
European ULSD 0.0010 percent (10ppm (mg/kg))
sulfur fuel is required by regulation for use in engines
certified to European nonroad Stage IIIB and newer
standards and are equipped with exhaust aftertreatment systems.
Misfueling with fuels of higher sulfur level can
have the following negative effects:

Caterpillar does not require the use of ULSD in off

road and machine applications that are not Tier
4/Stage IIIB certified engines. ULSD is not required
in engines that are not equipped with after treatment
devices. For Tier 4/Stage IIIB/Stage IV certified
engines always follow operating instructions. Fuel
tank inlet labels are installed in order to ensure that
the correct fuels are used.
Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6250, Caterpillar
Machine Fluids Recommendations for more details
about fuels, lubricants, and Tier 4 requirements. This
manual may be found on the Web at Safety.Cat.com.

Refill Capacities (Fuel System)

Refer to the manual that is provided by the OEM for
capacities of the fuel system.

Lubricating Grease
NOTICE
These recommendations are subject to change without prior notice. Contact your Caterpillar dealer for the
most up to date recommendations.

SEBU8570-01

Caterpillar provides various greases that vary in

performance from a moderate performance to an
high performance. These greases service the entire
line of Caterpillar products in the wide variety of
climates throughout the world. From this variety of
Caterpillar grease products, you can find a Caterpillar
grease that will meet or exceed the performance
requirements of most engines.
The performance requirements of your engine must
be determined before you select any Caterpillar
grease. Consult the recommendations for greases
that are made by the OEM for the equipment. Then,
consult with your Caterpillar dealer for a list of
greases that have the performance specifications
and the available sizes of containers.

59
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities

NOTICE
Frequently check the specific gravity of the coolant for
proper freeze protection or for anti-boil protection.
NOTICE
Never operate an engine without water temperature
regulators in the cooling system. Water temperature
regulators help to maintain the engine coolant at the
proper operating temperature. Cooling system problems can develop without water temperature regulators.
The following two coolants are used in Caterpillar
Diesel Engines:

Note: Always choose grease that meets or exceeds

the recommendations that are specified by the
equipment manufacturer for the application.

Preferred Cat ELC (Extended Life Coolant) or

a commercial extended life coolant that meets the
Caterpillar Engine Coolant -1 (EC-1) specification.

If it is necessary to choose a single grease to use

for all of the equipment at one site, always choose
a grease that meets or exceeds the requirements
of the most demanding application. Remember
that the products which barely meet the minimum
performance requirements can be expected to
produce the minimum lives of your parts. False
economy is being used if a grease is purchased with
the lowest cost as the only consideration. Instead,
use the grease that yields the lowest total operating
cost. This cost should be based on an analysis that
includes the costs of parts, labor, downtime, and the
cost of the amount of grease that is required.

Acceptable Cat DEAC (Diesel Engine

Antifreeze/Coolant) or a commercial heavy-duty
coolant that meets ASTM D4985, or ASTM D6210
specifications

Note: Purge all of the old grease from a joint before

you change from one type of grease to another
type of grease. Some greases are not chemically
compatible with other greases. Consult your supplier
in order to determine if the greases are compatible.
If you are not certain that the old grease is compatible
with the new grease, purge the old grease from the
system before applying the new grease.

Note: Cat DEAC does not require a treatment with a

Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA) at the initial fill.
However, a commercial heavy-duty coolant that only
meets the ASTM D4985 specification will require a
treatment with an SCA at the initial fill. A commercial
heavy-duty coolant that meets the ASTM D6210
specification will not require a treatment with an SCA
at the initial fill. Read the label or the instructions that
are provided by the manufacturer of the commercial
heavy-duty coolant.
Note: These coolants will require a treatment with
a supplemental coolant additive on a maintenance
basis.
Table 5

Service Life Before Flushing and Before Refilling

Note: All Caterpillar greases are compatible with

each other.

Coolant
NOTICE
These recommendations are subject to change without prior notice. Contact your Caterpillar dealer for the
most up to date recommendations.
NOTICE
Never add coolant to an overheated engine. Engine
damage could result. Allow the engine to cool first.

(1)

Coolant

Service Life(1)

Cat ELC

12,000 hours, or 6
years

Commercial coolant that

meets the Caterpillar EC-1
specification

6000 hours, or 6 years

Cat DEAC

3000 hours, or 3 years

Commercial Heavy-Duty
Coolant that meets ASTM
D4985 or ASTM D6210

3000 hours, or 1 year

Use the interval that occurs first.

Note: Add the Cat ELC Extender at the halfway point

of the coolant change interval.

60
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities

SEBU8570-01

Note: These coolant change intervals are only

possible with annual SOS Services Level 2 coolant
sampling and analysis.

SOS Services Coolant Analysis

Table 7

Approximate Capacity of the Cooling System

Compartment
or System

Liters

Quarts

Total Cooling
System(1)

Table 6

Recommended Interval

(1)

Type of Coolant

Level 1

Level 2

DEAC

Every 250
Hours(1)
(2)

Every 2000
Hours or
Yearly(1)(3)

Optional(3)

Yearly(3)

ELC
(1)

This interval is recommended for the sampling of all

conventional heavy-duty coolant.
(2) This interval is also recommended the for the sampling of
a commercial coolant that meets the Cat (Engine Coolant
specification - 1) requirement.
(3) The Level 2 coolant analysis should be performed sooner if a
problem is suspected or identified.

Testing the engine coolant is important to ensure that

the engine is protected from internal cavitation and
from corrosion. The analysis also tests the ability
of the coolant to protect the engine from boiling
and from freezing. The SOS Coolant Analysis can
be performed at your Caterpillar dealer. Caterpillar
SOS Coolant Analysis is the best way to monitor the
condition of your coolant and your cooling system.
SOS Coolant Analysis is a program that is based
on periodic samples.
NOTICE
Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and
use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling.
Using the same pump for both types of samples may
contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This
contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incorrect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both
dealers and customers.

Refill Capacity (Coolant System)

To maintain the cooling system, the total cooling
system capacity must be known. The capacity of
the total cooling system will vary. The capacity
will depend on the size of the radiator (capacity).
Table 7should be completed by the customer for the
maintenance of the cooling system.

The total cooling system capacity includes the following

components:the engine block, the radiator, and all coolant
hoses and lines.

Note: Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251,

Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids
Recommendations for additional information that
relates to coolant for your engine.

SEBU8570-01

61
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Recommendations

Maintenance
Recommendations

1. Stop the engine.

2. Wait for ten minutes.
i02909163

System Pressure Release

SMCS Code: 1250; 1300; 1350; 5050

Coolant System

Do not loosen the high pressure fuel lines in order to

remove air pressure from the fuel system.

Engine Oil
To relieve pressure from the lubricating system, turn
off the engine.
i03642798

Pressurized system: Hot coolant can cause serious burn. To open cap, stop engine, wait until radiator is cool. Then loosen cap slowly to relieve
the pressure.
To relieve the pressure from the coolant system, turn
off the engine. Allow the cooling system pressure cap
to cool. Remove the cooling system pressure cap
slowly in order to relieve pressure.

Fuel System
To relieve the pressure from the fuel system, turn off
the engine.

High Pressure Fuel Lines (If Equipped)

Contact with high pressure fuel may cause fluid

penetration and burn hazards. High pressure fuel spray may cause a fire hazard. Failure to follow these inspection, maintenance and service instructions may cause personal injury or death.
The high pressure fuel lines are the fuel lines that
are between the high pressure fuel pump and the
high pressure fuel manifold and the fuel lines that are
between the fuel manifold and cylinder head. These
fuel lines are different from fuel lines on other fuel
systems.
This is because of the following differences:

The high pressure fuel lines are constantly charged

Welding on Engines with

Electronic Controls
SMCS Code: 1000
NOTICE
Because the strength of the frame may decrease,
some manufacturers do not recommend welding onto
a chassis frame or rail. Consult the OEM of the equipment or your Caterpillar dealer regarding welding on
a chassis frame or rail.
Proper welding procedures are necessary in order
to avoid damage to the engine's ECM, sensors,
and associated components. When possible,
remove the component from the unit and then
weld the component. If removal of the component
is not possible, the following procedure must be
followed when you weld on a unit that is equipped
with a Caterpillar Electronic Engine. The following
procedure is considered to be the safest procedure to
weld on a component. This procedure should provide
a minimum risk of damage to electronic components.
NOTICE
Do not ground the welder to electrical components
such as the ECM or sensors. Improper grounding can
cause damage to the drive train, the bearings, hydraulic components, electrical components, and other
components.
Do not ground the welder across the centerline of the
package. Improper grounding could cause damage to
the bearings, the crankshaft, the rotor shaft, and other
components.

The internal pressures of the high pressure fuel

Clamp the ground cable from the welder to the component that will be welded. Place the clamp as close
as possible to the weld. This will help reduce the possibility of damage.

Before any service or repair is performed on the

engine fuel lines, perform the following tasks:

Note: Perform the welding in areas that are free from

explosive hazards.

with high pressure.

lines are higher than other types of fuel system.

62
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Recommendations

SEBU8570-01

1. Stop the engine. Turn the switched power to the

OFF position.
2. Disconnect the negative battery cable from the
battery. If a battery disconnect switch is provided,
open the switch.
3. Disconnect the J1/P1 and J2/P2 connectors from
the ECM. Move the harness to a position that will
not allow the harness to accidentally move back
and make contact with any of the ECM pins.

Illustration 38

g01075639

Use the example above. The current flow from the welder to
the ground clamp of the welder will not cause damage to any
associated components.
(1) Engine
(2) Welding electrode
(3) Keyswitch in the OFF position
(4) Battery disconnect switch in the open position
(5) Disconnected battery cables
(6) Battery
(7) Electrical/Electronic component
(8) Minimum distance between the component that is being welded
and any electrical/electronic component
(9) The component that is being welded
(10) Current path of the welder
(11) Ground clamp for the welder

4. Connect the welding ground cable directly to the

part that will be welded. Place the ground cable as
close as possible to the weld in order to reduce the
possibility of welding current damage to bearings,
hydraulic components, electrical components, and
ground straps.

Note: If electrical/electronic components are used

as a ground for the welder, or electrical/electronic
components are located between the welder ground
and the weld, current flow from the welder could
severely damage the component.
5. Protect the wiring harness from welding debris
and spatter.
6. Use standard welding practices to weld the
materials.

SEBU8570-01

63
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Interval Schedule

i03918751

Maintenance Interval Schedule

SMCS Code: 1000; 7500
Ensure that all safety information, warnings, and
instructions are read and understood before any
operation or any maintenance procedures are
performed.

Every 250 Service Hours

Cylinder Head Grounding Stud - Inspect/Clean/
Tighten ................................................................ 76
Engine Oil Sample - Obtain .................................. 83

Every 500 Service Hours or 3 Months

The user is responsible for the performance of

maintenance. Maintenance includes all adjustments,
the use of proper lubricants, fluids, filters, and the
replacement of components due to normal wear
and aging. Failure to adhere to proper maintenance
intervals and procedures may result in diminished
performance of the product and/or accelerated wear
of components.
Use fuel consumption, service hours, or calendar
time, WHICH EVER OCCURS FIRST, in order to
determine the maintenance intervals. Products that
operate in severe operating conditions may require
more frequent maintenance.

Air Shutoff - Test ...................................................

Battery Electrolyte Level - Check ..........................
Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace ..............................
Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 1) Obtain .................................................................
Cooling System Supplemental Coolant Additive
(SCA) - Test/Add .................................................
Engine Oil and Filter - Change .............................
Fuel System Primary Filter (Water Separator)
Element - Replace ..............................................
Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace ..............
Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace ..................

Note: Before each consecutive interval is performed,

all maintenance from the previous interval must be
performed.

When Required

Every 3000 Service Hours or 3 Years

66
67
77
77
78
79
85
86
88
96
96

Daily
Air Tank Moisture and Sediment - Drain ...............
Cooling System Coolant Level - Check ................
Driven Equipment - Check ....................................
Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator - Inspect .....
Engine Oil Level - Check ......................................
Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Separator Drain ...................................................................
Power Take-Off Clutch - Check/Adjust/Lubricate ..
Walk-Around Inspection ........................................

66
73
77
81
82
87
95
98

74
75
83
86
88
90

Every 2000 Service Hours or 1 Year

Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 2) Obtain .................................................................
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) Clean/Replace ....................................................
Engine Valve Lash - Inspect/Adjust ......................
Fumes Disposal Filter Element - Replace ............

Battery - Replace ..................................................

Battery or Battery Cable - Disconnect ..................
Engine - Clean ......................................................
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) Clean/Replace ....................................................
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) Clean/Replace ....................................................
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single Element) Clean/Replace ....................................................
Engine Storage Procedure - Check ......................
Fuel System - Prime .............................................
Fuel Tank Water and Sediment - Drain .................
Radiator - Clean ....................................................
Severe Service Application - Check .....................

65
67
67

75
78
85
89

Cooling System Coolant (DEAC) - Change .......... 69

Every 4000 Service Hours or 2 Years

Air Compressor - Inspect ...................................... 65
Engine Mounts - Inspect ....................................... 82
Starting Motor - Inspect ........................................ 97

Every 4500 Service Hours

ARD Spark Plug - Replace ................................... 64

Every 5000 Service Hours

Diesel Particulate Filter - Clean ............................ 77
Fuel Priming Pump - Replace ............................... 86

Every 6000 Service Hours or 3 Years

Cooling System Coolant Extender (ELC) - Add .... 72

Every 12 000 Service Hours or 6 Years

Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change ............. 71

Every 340 000 L (90 000 US gal) of Fuel or

10 000 Service Hours
Overhaul Considerations ...................................... 92

64
Maintenance Section
ARD Spark Plug - Replace

SEBU8570-01

i04024244

ARD Spark Plug - Replace

SMCS Code: 1555-510

Removing the Spark Plug

NOTICE
If the engine is running or the key is in the ON position
the ARD plug will continue to fire. Turn the key to the
OFF position before servicing the ARD plug.

3. Use a deep well socket and a breaker bar to

loosen the spark plug. If necessary, see your
Caterpillar dealer for the part number of the
socket. After the spark plug has been loosened,
use the socket to remove the spark plug by hand
in order to detect problems with the threads. After
the spark plug has been removed, inspect the
used spark plug and the gasket.
If the spark plug could not be removed by hand,
clean the threads with a 305-2389 brush. This tool
scrapes debris from the seat and from the threads.
NOTICE
Do not use a thread tap. A thread tap will remove metal
unnecessarily. The threads could be stripped and the
combustion group could be damaged.

Installing the Spark Plug

Note: Do not use anti-seize compound on the spark
plug. Most of the heat is transferred through the
threads and the seat area of the spark plug. Contact
of the metal surfaces must be maintained in order to
provide the heat transfer that is required.
1. Ensure that the spark plug is clean and free of dirt
and oil.

Illustration 39

g02139990

(1) Wiring harness

(2) Spark plug

1. Remove wire harness (1) from spark plug (2).

NOTICE
Do not overtighten the spark plug. The shell can be
cracked and the gasket can be deformed. The metal can deform and the gasket can be damaged. The
shell can be stretched. This will loosen the seal that is
between the shell and the insulator, allowing combustion pressure to blow past the seal. Serious damage
to the engine can occur.
Use the proper torque.

Personal injury can result from air pressure.

Personal injury can result without following proper procedure. When using pressure air, wear a protective face shield and protective clothing.
The maximum air pressure for cleaning purposes
must be reduced to 205 kPa (30 psi) when the air
nozzle is deadheaded.
2. Debris may have collected in the spark plug well.
Thoroughly remove any debris. Use compressed
air. The maximum air pressure for cleaning
purposes must be below 205 kPa (30 psi). Ensure
that the area around the spark plug is clean and
free of dirt and debris.

2. Install the spark plug by hand until the spark

plug contacts the ARD. Torque the spark plug to
the proper specification. Refer to Specifications,
Spark Plug for the proper torque specification.
3. Connect the wiring harness.

SEBU8570-01

65
Maintenance Section
Air Compressor - Inspect

i03729880

Air Compressor - Inspect

(If Equipped)
SMCS Code: 1803-040

Do not disconnect the air line from the air compressor governor without purging the air brake
and the auxiliary air systems. Failure to purge the
air brake and the auxiliary air systems before removing the air compressor and/or the air lines
could cause personal injury.

The pressure relief valve for the air compressor

releases air at 1723 kPa (250 psi). If the pressure
relief valve for the air compressor exhausts, all
personnel should be at a safe distance away from the
air compressor. All personnel should also stay clear
of the air compressor when the engine is operating
and the air compressor is exposed.
Refer to the Service Manual or refer to the OEM
specifications in order to find information concerning
the air compressor. Consult your Caterpillar dealer
for assistance.
i03154013

Air Shutoff - Test

(If Equipped)
SMCS Code: 1078-081

Caterpillar Provided Controls

Illustration 40

g01212654

Typical example
(1) Pressure relief valve

If the air compressor pressure relief valve that is

mounted in the air compressor cylinder head is
bypassing compressed air, there is a malfunction
in the air system, possibly ice blockage. Under
these conditions, your engine may have insufficient air for normal brake operation.
Do not operate the engine until the reason for the
air bypass is identified and corrected. Failure to
heed this warning could lead to property damage,
personal injury, or death to the operator or bystanders.
The function of the pressure relief valve is to bypass
air when there is a malfunction in the system for the
air compressor.

Illustration 41

g01402506

Air shutoff with the valve mechanism in the OPEN position

Note: Do not start the engine. Ensure that the engine

control is in the OFF position.
1. Ensure that the valve mechanism is latched in the
OPEN position. Turn on the power to the engine
control panel. The valve mechanism should
remain open. If the valve mechanism does not
remain open, check the wiring for the air shutoff
switches.
2. With the power for the engine control panel in the
ON position, activate the EMERGENCY STOP
switch. If the valve mechanism closes, proceed to
step 3. If the valve mechanism does not close,
check the wiring for the air shutoff switch and
check the wiring for the solenoids. Activate the
EMERGENCY STOP switch again. When the
valve mechanism closes, proceed to step 3.

66
Maintenance Section
Air Tank Moisture and Sediment - Drain

SEBU8570-01

3. Reset the valve mechanism to the CLOSED

position. Operate the engine normally. Ensure that
the valve mechanism continues to be latched.
Refer to the Troubleshooting Guide, Air Shutoff
System information in your Service Manual for
further information about the electrical system for the
air shutoff system.

OEM Controls
If the controls for the air shutoffs are provided by
an original equipment manufacturer (OEM), use the
guidelines that are provided by the OEM factory in
order to test the air shutoffs.
i00847451

Air Tank Moisture and

Sediment - Drain
(If Equipped)
SMCS Code: 1466-543-M&S
Moisture and sediment in the air starting system can
cause the following conditions:

Freezing
Corrosion of internal parts
Malfunction of the air starting system

i02153996

Battery - Replace
SMCS Code: 1401-510

Batteries give off combustible gases which can

explode. A spark can cause the combustible gases to ignite. This can result in severe personal injury or death.
Ensure proper ventilation for batteries that are in
an enclosure. Follow the proper procedures in order to help prevent electrical arcs and/or sparks
near batteries. Do not smoke when batteries are
serviced.

The battery cables or the batteries should not be

removed with the battery cover in place. The battery cover should be removed before any servicing is attempted.
Removing the battery cables or the batteries with
the cover in place may cause a battery explosion
resulting in personal injury.
1. Turn the key start switch to the OFF position.
Remove the key and all electrical loads.
2. Turn OFF the battery charger. Disconnect the
charger.

When opening the drain valve, wear protective

gloves, a protective face shield, protective clothing, and protective shoes. Pressurized air could
cause debris to be blown and result in personal
injury.
1. Open the drain valve that is on the bottom of the
air tank. Allow the moisture and sediment to drain.
2. Close the drain valve.
3. Check the air supply pressure. The air starting
motor requires a minimum of 620 kPa (90 psi) of
air pressure to operate properly. The maximum
air pressure must not exceed 1550 kPa (225 psi).
The normal air pressure will be 758 to 965 kPa
(110 to 140 psi).

3. The NEGATIVE - cable connects the NEGATIVE

- battery terminal to the ground plane. Disconnect
the cable from the NEGATIVE - battery terminal.
4. The POSITIVE + cable connects the POSITIVE
+ battery terminal to the starting motor.
Disconnect the cable from the POSITIVE +
battery terminal.
Note: Always recycle a battery. Never discard a
battery. Return used batteries to an appropriate
recycling facility.
5. Remove the used battery.
6. Install the new battery.
Note: Before the cables are connected, ensure that
the key start switch is OFF.
7. Connect the cable from the starting motor to the
POSITIVE + battery terminal.

SEBU8570-01

67
Maintenance Section
Battery Electrolyte Level - Check

8. Connect the cable from the ground plane to the

NEGATIVE - battery terminal.
i02601752

Battery Electrolyte Level Check

SMCS Code: 1401-535
When the engine is not run for long periods of time or
when the engine is run for short periods, the batteries
may not fully recharge. Ensure a full charge in order
to help prevent the battery from freezing.

All lead-acid batteries contain sulfuric acid which

can burn the skin and clothing. Always wear a face
shield and protective clothing when working on or
near batteries.
1. Remove the filler caps. Maintain the electrolyte
level to the FULL mark on the battery.
If the addition of water is necessary, use distilled
water. If distilled water is not available use clean
water that is low in minerals. Do not use artificially
softened water.
2. Check the condition of the electrolyte with the
245-5829 Coolant Battery Tester Refractometer.
3. Keep the batteries clean.
Clean the battery case with one of the following
cleaning solutions:

A mixture of 0.1 kg (0.2 lb) of baking soda and

1 L (1 qt) of clean water

i02039603

Battery or Battery Cable Disconnect

SMCS Code: 1402-029

The connection of battery cables to a battery and

the disconnection of battery cables from a battery
may cause an explosion which may result in injury
or death. The connection and the disconnection
of other electrical equipment may also cause an
explosion which may result in injury or death. The
procedures for the connection and the disconnection of battery cables and other electrical equipment should only be performed in a nonexplosive
atmosphere.

The battery cables or the batteries should not be

removed with the battery cover in place. The battery cover should be removed before any servicing is attempted.
Removing the battery cables or the batteries with
the cover in place may cause a battery explosion
resulting in personal injury.
1. Turn the start switch to the OFF position. Turn the
ignition switch (if equipped) to the OFF position
and remove the key and all electrical loads.
2. Disconnect the negative battery terminal at the
battery that goes to the start switch. Ensure that
the cable cannot contact the terminal. When four
12 volt batteries are involved, the negative side of
two batteries must be disconnected.

A mixture of 0.1 L (0.11 qt) of ammonia and 1 L

3. Tape the leads in order to help prevent accidental

starting.

Thoroughly rinse the battery case with clean water.

4. Proceed with necessary system repairs. Reverse

the steps in order to reconnect all of the cables.

(1 qt) of clean water

Use a fine grade of sandpaper to clean the

terminals and the cable clamps. Clean the items
until the surfaces are bright or shiny. DO NOT
remove material excessively. Excessive removal
of material can cause the clamps to not fit properly.
Coat the clamps and the terminals with 5N-5561
Silicone Lubricant, petroleum jelly or MPGM.

i04024237

Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace
SMCS Code: 1357-025; 1357-040; 1357-510

Inspection
To maximize the engine performance, inspect the
belts for wear and for cracking. Replace belts that are
worn or damaged.

68
Maintenance Section
Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace

SEBU8570-01

For applications that require multiple drive belts,

replace the belts in matched sets. Replacing only
one belt of a matched set will cause the new belt to
carry more load because the older belt is stretched.
The additional load on the new belt could cause the
new belt to break.

Drive Belt for the Air Compressor

(If Equipped)

If the belts are too loose, vibration causes

unnecessary wear on the belts and pulleys. Loose
belts may slip enough to cause overheating.
If the belts are too tight, unnecessary stresses are
placed on the pulley bearings and on the belts.
Unnecessary stress may shorten the service life of
the components.
Inspect the condition and adjustment of the alternator
belts and accessory drive belts (if equipped).
To check the belt tension, apply 110 N (25 lb ft)
of force midway between the pulleys. A correctly
adjusted belt will deflect 9 mm (0.35 inch) to 15 mm
(0.59 inch).

Illustration 43

g01389673

(4) Drive belt for the air compressor

(5) Mounting bolts

Loosen the four mounting bolts from the bracket that

holds the air compressor.

Alternator Belt

Illustration 42

g01154344

Typical alternator mounting

(1) Adjusting nuts
(2) Mounting bolt
(3) Mounting bolts

1. Slightly loosen mounting bolt (2) and mounting

bolt (3). Slightly loosen adjusting nut (1).
2. Move the pulley in order to adjust the belt tension.
3. Tighten the following: adjusting nuts (1), mounting
bolt (2), and mounting bolt (3). Refer to the
Specifications, SENR3130 for the proper torques.
4. Install the belt guard. Refer to the Specifications,
SENR3130 for the proper torques.
If new belts are installed, check the belt tension again
after 30 minutes of engine operation at the rated rpm.

Illustration 44

g01389675

Side view of the air compressor and pulley

(6) Bolt
(7) Adjusting bolt

Loosen bolt 6. Loosen bolt 7. Slide the air compressor

closer to the pulley. Remove the old belt. Install a
new belt.
Slide the air compressor into position. Tighten
bolt 7. Refer to Specification, SENR3130, Torque
Specifications for the correct torque.
Tension the belt.

SEBU8570-01

69
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant (DEAC) - Change

Tighten the four mounting bolts (5). Refer to

Specification, SENR3130, Torque Specifications for
the correct torque.
i02139869

Cooling System Coolant

(DEAC) - Change
SMCS Code: 1350-070; 1395-044
Clean the cooling system and flush the cooling
system before the recommended maintenance
interval if the following conditions exist:

The engine overheats frequently.

Foaming is observed.
The oil has entered the cooling system and the

Note: If equipped, be sure to drain the heater and

any related supply and return lines.
Allow the coolant to drain.
NOTICE
Dispose of used engine coolant properly or recycle.
Various methods have been proposed to reclaim used
coolant for reuse in engine cooling systems. The full
distillation procedure is the only method acceptable by
Caterpillar to reclaim the used coolant.
For information regarding the disposal and the
recycling of used coolant, consult your Caterpillar
dealer or consult Caterpillar Dealer Service Tool
Group:
Outside Illinois: 1-800-542-TOOL
Inside Illinois: 1-800-541-TOOL
Canada: 1-800-523-TOOL

coolant is contaminated.

The fuel has entered the cooling system and the

coolant is contaminated.

NOTICE
Use of commercially available cooling system cleaners may cause damage to cooling system components. Use only cooling system cleaners that are approved for Caterpillar engines.
Note: Inspect the water pump and the water
temperature regulator after the cooling system has
been drained. This is a good opportunity to replace
the water pump, the water temperature regulator and
the hoses, if necessary.

Drain

Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause serious burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pressure.
1. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in
order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling
system filler cap.
2. Open the cooling system drain valve (if equipped).
If the cooling system is not equipped with a drain
valve, remove one of the drain plugs.

Flush
1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order
to remove any debris.
2. Close the drain valve (if equipped). Clean the
drain plugs. Install the drain plugs. Refer to
the Specifications Manual, SENR3130, Torque
Specifications for more information on the proper
torques.
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
3. Fill the cooling system with a mixture of clean
water and Caterpillar Fast Acting Cooling System
Cleaner. Add 0.5 L (1 pint) of cleaner per 15 L
(4 US gal) of the cooling system capacity. Install
the cooling system filler cap.
4. Start and run the engine at low idle for a minimum
of 30 minutes. The coolant temperature should be
at least 82 C (180 F).
NOTICE
Improper or incomplete rinsing of the cooling system
can result in damage to copper and other metal components.
To avoid damage to the cooling system, make sure
to completely flush the cooling system with clear water. Continue to flush the system until all signs of the
cleaning agent are gone.

70
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant (DEAC) - Change

5. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.

Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly
in order to relieve any pressure. Remove the
cooling system filler cap. Open the drain valve
(if equipped) or remove the cooling system drain
plugs. Allow the water to drain. Flush the cooling
system with clean water. If equipped, be sure to
flush the heater and any related supply and return
lines. Close the drain valve (if equipped). Clean
the drain plugs. Install the drain plugs. Refer to
the Specifications Manual, SENR3130, Torque
Specifications for more information on the proper
torques.

Cooling Systems with Heavy

Deposits or Plugging
Note: For the following procedure to be effective,
there must be some active flow through the cooling
system components.
1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order
to remove any debris.
Note: If equipped, be sure to flush the heater and
any related supply and return lines.
2. Close the drain valve (if equipped). Clean the
drain plugs. Install the drain plugs. Refer to
the Specifications Manual, SENR3130, Torque
Specifications for more information on the proper
torques.
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
3. Fill the cooling system with a mixture of clean
water and Caterpillar Fast Acting Cooling System
Cleaner. Add 0.5 L (1 pint) of cleaner per
3.8 to 7.6 L (1 to 2 US gal) of the cooling system
capacity. Install the cooling system filler cap.
4. Start and run the engine at low idle for a minimum
of 90 minutes. The coolant temperature should be
at least 82 C (180 F).
NOTICE
Improper or incomplete rinsing of the cooling system
can result in damage to copper and other metal components.
To avoid damage to the cooling system, make sure
to completely flush the cooling system with clear water. Continue to flush the system until all signs of the
cleaning agent are gone.

SEBU8570-01

5. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.

Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly
in order to relieve any pressure. Remove the
cooling system filler cap. Open the drain valve
(if equipped) or remove the cooling system drain
plugs. Allow the water to drain. Flush the cooling
system with clean water. Close the drain valve
(if equipped). Clean the drain plugs. Install the
drain plugs. Refer to the Specifications Manual,
SENR3130, Torque Specifications for more
information on the proper torques.

Fill
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
1. Fill the cooling system with coolant/antifreeze.
Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Refill Capacitites and Recommendations topic
(Maintenance Section) for more information on
cooling system specifications. Do not install the
cooling system filler cap.
2. Start and run the engine at low idle. Increase the
engine rpm to 1500 rpm. Run the engine at high
idle for one minute in order to purge the air from
the cavities of the engine block. Stop the engine.
3. Check the coolant level. Maintain the coolant level
within 13 mm (0.5 inch) below the bottom of the
pipe for filling. Maintain the coolant level within
13 mm (0.5 inch) to the proper level on the sight
glass (if equipped).
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the
gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap. If
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap
is damaged, discard the old cooling system filler
cap and install a new cooling system filler cap.
If the gasket that is on the cooling system filler
cap is not damaged, perform a pressure test. A
9S-8140 Pressurizing Pump is used to perform
the pressure test. The correct pressure for the
cooling system filler cap is stamped on the face of
the cooling system filler cap. If the cooling system
filler cap does not retain the correct pressure,
install a new cooling system filler cap.
5. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for
leaks and for proper operating temperature.

SEBU8570-01

71
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change

i02784805

Cooling System Coolant (ELC)

- Change
SMCS Code: 1350-070; 1395-044
Clean the cooling system and flush the cooling
system before the recommended maintenance
interval if the following conditions exist:

The engine overheats frequently.

Foaming of the coolant
The oil has entered the cooling system and the
coolant is contaminated.

The fuel has entered the cooling system and the

coolant is contaminated.

Note: When the cooling system is cleaned, only

clean water is needed when the ELC is drained and
replaced.
Note: Inspect the water pump and the water
temperature regulator after the cooling system has
been drained. This is a good opportunity to replace
the water pump, the water temperature regulator and
the hoses, if necessary.

Drain

Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause serious burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pressure.
1. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in
order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling
system filler cap.
2. Open the cooling system drain valve (if equipped).
If the cooling system is not equipped with a drain
valve, remove the cooling system drain plugs.
Allow the coolant to drain.
NOTICE
Dispose of used engine coolant properly or recycle.
Various methods have been proposed to reclaim used
coolant for reuse in engine cooling systems. The full
distillation procedure is the only method acceptable by
Caterpillar to reclaim the used coolant.

For information regarding the disposal and the

recycling of used coolant, consult your Caterpillar
dealer or consult Caterpillar Dealer Service Tools
Group:
Outside U.S.A.: (309) 675-6277
Inside U.S.A.: 1-800-542-TOOL
Inside Illinois: 1-800-541-TOOL
Canada: 1-800-523-TOOL
CSTG COSA Geneva, Switzerland:
41-22-849 40 56

Flush
1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order
to remove any debris.
2. Close the drain valve (if equipped). Clean the
drain plugs. Install the drain plugs. Refer to the
Specifications Manual for your particular engine for
more specific information on the proper torques.
Refer to the Specifications, SENR3130, Torque
Specifications for more general information on
the proper torques.
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
3. Fill the cooling system with clean water. Install the
cooling system filler cap.
4. Start the engine and run the engine at low
idle until the temperature reaches 49 to 66 C
(120 to 150 F).
5. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly
in order to relieve any pressure. Remove the
cooling system filler cap. Open the drain valve
(if equipped) or remove the cooling system drain
plugs. Allow the water to drain. Flush the cooling
system with clean water. Close the drain valve (if
equipped). Clean the drain plugs. Install the drain
plugs. Refer to the Specifications Manual for your
particular engine for more specific information on
the proper torques. Refer to the Specifications,
SENR3130, Torque Specifications for more
general information on the proper torques.

Fill
Engines that are Equipped with a Coolant
Recovery Tank
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.

72
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant Extender (ELC) - Add

1. Fill the cooling system with Extended Life Coolant

(ELC). Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Refill Capacities and Recommendations
topic (Maintenance Section) for more information
on cooling system specifications. Do not install the
cooling system filler cap.
2. Start the engine and operate the engine at
low idle. Increase the engine rpm to 1500 rpm.
Operate the engine at 1500 rpm for one minute in
order to purge air from the cavities of the engine
block. Stop the engine.
3. Pour more ELC into the cooling system until the
cooling system is full.
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the
gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap. If
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap
is damaged, discard the old cooling system filler
cap and install a new cooling system filler cap. If
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap is
not damaged, use a 9S-8140 Pressurizing Pump
in order to pressure test the cooling system filler
cap. The correct pressure for the cooling system
filler cap is stamped on the face of the cooling
system filler cap. If the cooling system filler cap
does not retain the correct pressure, install a new
cooling system filler cap.

SEBU8570-01

8. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for

leaks and for proper operating temperature.

Engines that are NOT Equipped with a

Coolant Recovery Tank
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
1. Fill the cooling system with Extended Life Coolant
(ELC). Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Refill Capacities and Recommendations
topic (Maintenance Section) for more information
on cooling system specifications. Do not install the
cooling system filler cap.
2. Start the engine and operate the engine at
low idle. Increase the engine rpm to 1500 rpm.
Operate the engine at 1500 rpm for one minute in
order to purge air from the cavities of the engine
block. Stop the engine.
3. Check the coolant level. Maintain the coolant level
within 13 mm (0.5 inch) below the bottom of the
pipe for filling. Maintain the coolant level within
13 mm (0.5 inch) to the proper level on the sight
glass (if equipped).
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the
gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap. If
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap
is damaged, discard the old cooling system filler
cap and install a new cooling system filler cap. If
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap is
not damaged, use a 9S-8140 Pressurizing Pump
in order to pressure test the cooling system filler
cap. The correct pressure for the cooling system
filler cap is stamped on the face of the cooling
system filler cap. If the cooling system filler cap
does not retain the correct pressure, install a new
cooling system filler cap.

Illustration 45

g01268104

(1) Recovery tank filler cap

(2) COLD FULL mark
(3) LOW ADD mark

5. Loosen the cap for the coolant recovery tank

slowly in order to relieve any pressure. Remove
the cap for the coolant recovery tank.
6. Pour Extended Life Coolant (ELC) into the coolant
recovery tank until the coolant reaches the COLD
FULL mark. DO NOT fill the coolant recovery tank
above the COLD FULL mark.
7. Clean the cap for the coolant recovery tank. Install
the cap for the coolant recovery tank.

5. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for

leaks and for proper operating temperature.
i02482066

Cooling System Coolant

Extender (ELC) - Add
SMCS Code: 1352-045; 1395-081
Cat ELC (Extended Life Coolant) does not require
the frequent additions of any supplemental cooling
additives which are associated with the present
conventional coolants. The Cat ELC Extender only
needs to be added once.

SEBU8570-01

NOTICE
Use only Cat Extended Life Coolant (ELC) Extender
with Cat ELC.
Do NOT use conventional supplemental coolant additive (SCA) with Cat ELC. Mixing Cat ELC with conventional coolants and/or conventional SCA reduces the
Cat ELC service life.

73
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant Level - Check

3. Add Cat ELC Extender according to the

requirements for your engine's cooling system
capacity. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Refill Capacities and Recommendations
article for more information.
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the
gaskets on the cooling system filler cap. Replace
the cooling system filler cap if the gaskets are
damaged. Install the cooling system filler cap.

Check the cooling system only when the engine is

stopped and cool.

i01197583

Cooling System Coolant Level

- Check
Personal injury can result from hot coolant, steam
and alkali.
At operating temperature, engine coolant is hot
and under pressure. The radiator and all lines
to heaters or the engine contain hot coolant or
steam. Any contact can cause severe burns.

SMCS Code: 1395-082

Check the coolant level when the engine is stopped
and cool.

Remove cooling system pressure cap slowly to

relieve pressure only when engine is stopped and
cooling system pressure cap is cool enough to
touch with your bare hand.
Do not attempt to tighten hose connections when
the coolant is hot, the hose can come off causing
burns.
Cooling System Coolant Additive contains alkali.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Illustration 46

NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to
collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar
Dealer Service Tool Catalog for tools and supplies
suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpillar
products.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.
1. Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in
order to relieve pressure. Remove the cooling
system filler cap.
2. It may be necessary to drain enough coolant from
the cooling system in order to add the Cat ELC
Extender.

g00285520

Cooling system filler cap

Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause serious burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pressure.
1. Remove the cooling system filler cap slowly in
order to relieve pressure.
2. Maintain the coolant level within 13 mm (0.5 inch)
of the bottom of the filler pipe. If the engine is
equipped with a sight glass, maintain the coolant
level to the proper level in the sight glass.

74
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 1) - Obtain

SEBU8570-01

Table 8

Recommended Interval
Type of Coolant

Level 1

Level 2

Cat DEAC or
conventional
heavy-duty
coolant

Every 250 Hours

2000 Hours or
Every year (1)(2)

Cat ELC or
conventional
EC-1 coolant

Optional(2)

2000 Hours or
Every year (2)

(2)

Illustration 47

g00103639

Typical filler cap gaskets

3. Clean the cooling system filler cap and check the

condition of the filler cap gaskets. Replace the
cooling system filler cap if the filler cap gaskets are
damaged. Reinstall the cooling system filler cap.
4. Inspect the cooling system for leaks.
i04024252

Cooling System Coolant

Sample (Level 1) - Obtain
SMCS Code: 1350-008; 1395-008; 1395-554; 7542
Note: Obtaining a Coolant Sample (Level 1) is
optional if the cooling system is filled with Cat
ELC (Extended Life Coolant). Cooling systems filled
with Cat ELC should have a Coolant Sample (Level
2) that is obtained at the recommended interval as
stated in the maintenance interval schedule.
Note: Obtain a Coolant Sample (Level 1) if the
cooling system is filled with any other coolant
instead of Cat ELC including the following
coolants:

Commercial long life coolants that meet the

Caterpillar Engine Coolant Specification -1
(Caterpillar EC-1)

Cat DEAC (Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant)

Commercial heavy-duty coolant/antifreeze

The Level 2 Coolant Analysis should be performed sooner if a

problem is suspected or identified.

NOTICE
Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and
use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling.
Using the same pump for both types of samples may
contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This
contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incorrect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both
dealers and customers.
Note: Level 1 results may indicate a need for
Level 2 Analysis.
Obtain the sample of the coolant as close as possible
to the recommended sampling interval. In order to
receive the full effect of SOS analysis, establish
a consistent trend of data. In order to establish
a pertinent history of data, perform consistent
samplings that are evenly spaced. Supplies for
collecting samples can be obtained from your
Caterpillar dealer.
Use the following guidelines for proper sampling of
the coolant:

Complete the information on the label for the

sampling bottle before you begin to take the
samples.

Keep the unused sampling bottles stored in plastic

bags.

Obtain coolant samples directly from the coolant

sample port. You should not obtain the samples
from any other location.

Keep the lids on empty sampling bottles until you

are ready to collect the sample.

Place the sample in the mailing tube immediately

after obtaining the sample in order to avoid
contamination.

Never collect samples from expansion bottles.

Never collect samples from the drain for a system.

SEBU8570-01

75
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 2) - Obtain

Submit the sample for Level 1 analysis.

For additional information about coolant analysis,
see this Operation and Maintenance Manual, Refill
Capacities and Recommendations or consult your
Caterpillar dealer.
i01987714

Cooling System Coolant

Sample (Level 2) - Obtain
SMCS Code: 1350-008; 1395-008; 1395-554; 7542
NOTICE
Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and
use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling.
Using the same pump for both types of samples may
contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This
contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incorrect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both
dealers and customers.
Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 1) - Obtain
for the guidelines for proper sampling of the coolant.
Submit the sample for Level 2 analysis.
For additional information about coolant
analysis, see Special Publication, SEBU6251,
Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engines Fluids
Recommendations or consult your Caterpillar dealer.
i02839449

Cooling System Supplemental

Coolant Additive (SCA) Test/Add
SMCS Code: 1352-045; 1395-081

Cooling system coolant additive contains alkali.

To help prevent personal injury, avoid contact with
the skin and eyes. Do not drink cooling system
coolant additive.

NOTICE
Excessive supplemental coolant additive concentration can form deposits on the higher temperature surfaces of the cooling system, reducing the engine's
heat transfer characteristics. Reduced heat transfer
could cause cracking of the cylinder head and other
high temperature components.
Excessive supplemental coolant additive concentration could also result in blockage of the heat exchanger, overheating, and/or accelerated wear of the water
pump seal.
Do not exceed the recommended amount of supplemental coolant additive concentration.
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to
collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar
Dealer Service Tool Catalog and to Special Publication, GECJ0003, Cat Shop Supplies and Tools for
tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpillar products.
Dispose of all fluids according to applicable regulations and mandates.
Note: Caterpillar recommends an SOS coolant
analysis (Level 1).

Cooling Systems that Use

Conventional Coolant
This maintenance procedure is required for
conventional coolants such as DEAC.This
maintenance is NOT required for cooling systems
that are filled with Extended Life Coolant.

Test the Concentration of the SCA

NOTICE
Do not exceed the recommended six percent supplemental coolant additive concentration.
Test the concentration of the SCA with the 8T-5296
Coolant Conditioner Test Kit.

76
Maintenance Section
Cylinder Head Grounding Stud - Inspect/Clean/Tighten

SEBU8570-01

Add the SCA, If Necessary

Add the SCA, If Necessary

Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause serious burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pressure.

Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause serious burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pressure.

1. Remove the cooling system filler cap slowly.

1. Remove the cooling system filler cap slowly.

2. If necessary, drain some coolant in order to allow

space for the addition of the SCA.

2. If necessary, drain some coolant in order to allow

space for the addition of the SCA.

3. Add the proper amount of SCA. For the

proper amount of SCA, refer to this Operation
and Maintenance Manual, Refill Capacities
and Recommendations topic. The proper
concentration of SCA depends on the type of
coolant that is used. For the proper concentration
of SCA, refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251,
Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids
Recommendations.

3. Add the proper amount of SCA. For the proper

amount of SCA, refer to this Operation and
Maintenance Manual, Refill Capacities and
Recommendations topic. For the proper
concentration of SCA, refer to Special Publication,
SEBU6251, Caterpillar Commercial Diesel
Engine Fluids Recommendations.

4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Install the

cooling system filler cap.

4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Install the

cooling system filler cap.
i02785128

Cooling Systems that Use Water

and SCA

Cylinder Head Grounding Stud

- Inspect/Clean/Tighten

Test the Concentration of the SCA

SMCS Code: 7423-040; 7423-070; 7423-079

Test the concentration of the SCA with a 298-5311

Coolant Nitrite Test Kit for SCA or perform an SOS
Coolant Analysis. The test kit includes the following
items: a tool for the testing, 30 ampoules for testing
nitrite, instructions, and a case. 294-7420 Test
Kit contains the refill ampoules for the 298-5311
Coolant Nitrite Test Kit. Use the instructions that are
included with the test kit in order to properly conduct
the testing.
Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Maintenance Interval Schedule for the times at
which the procedures should be conducted. Test the
concentration of the SCA more frequently if more
frequent testing is indicated by the results of the
SOS Coolant Analysis.
NOTICE
Do not exceed the recommended eight percent supplemental coolant additive concentration.

Illustration 48

g01376112

The grounding stud is located on the upper left corner of the

engine control module.

Inspect the OEM harness for good connections.

Inspect the condition of the OEM harness.
The grounding stud must have a wire ground to
the battery. Tighten the grounding stud at every
oil change. Ground wires and straps should be
combined at engine grounds. All grounds should be
tight and free of corrosion.

SEBU8570-01

77
Maintenance Section
Diesel Particulate Filter - Clean

Clean the grounding stud and the terminals for the

ground strap with a clean cloth.

If the connections are corroded, clean the

connections with a solution of baking soda and

water.

Keep the grounding stud and the strap clean and

coated with MPGM grease or petroleum jelly.

i04024262

Diesel Particulate Filter - Clean

NOTICE
Accumulated grease and oil on an engine is a fire hazard. Keep the engine clean. Remove debris and fluid
spills whenever a significant quantity accumulates on
the engine.
Periodic cleaning of the engine is recommended.
Steam cleaning the engine will remove accumulated
oil and grease. A clean engine provides the following
benefits:

Easy detection of fluid leaks

SMCS Code: 108F-070; 1091-070

Maximum heat transfer characteristics

Note: Consult your local Cat dealer for information

on cleaning the diesel particulate filer.

Ease of maintenance

i00174798

Driven Equipment - Check

SMCS Code: 3279-535
Refer to the OEM specifications for more information
on the following maintenance recommendations for
the driven equipment:

Note: Caution must be used in order to prevent

electrical components from being damaged by
excessive water when you clean the engine. Avoid
electrical components such as the alternator, the
starter, and the ECM.
i04038259

Inspection

Engine Air Cleaner Element

(Dual Element) - Clean/Replace
((Canister Style) If Equipped)

Adjustment

SMCS Code: 1054-037; 1054-510

Lubrication

See this Operation and Maintenance Manual,

Engine Air Cleaner Element - Clean/Replace for
information on servicing the primary air filter.

Other maintenance recommendations

Perform any maintenance for the driven equipment
which is recommended by the OEM.
i01646701

Engine - Clean
SMCS Code: 1000-070

Personal injury or death can result from high voltage.

Moisture can create paths of electrical conductivity.
Make sure that the electrical system is OFF. Lock
out the starting controls and tag the controls DO
NOT OPERATE.

Inspecting and Replacing the

Secondary Air Cleaner Element (If
Equipped)
NOTICE
Never run the engine without an air cleaner element
installed. Never run the engine with a damaged air
cleaner element. Do not use air cleaner elements with
damaged pleats, gaskets or seals. Dirt entering the
engine causes premature wear and damage to engine
components. Air cleaner elements help to prevent airborne debris from entering the air inlet.
NOTICE
Never service the air cleaner element with the engine
running since this will allow dirt to enter the engine.

78
Maintenance Section
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) - Clean/Replace

Operating conditions (dust, dirt, and debris) may

require more frequent service of the air cleaner
element. If the air cleaner element becomes plugged,
the air can split the material of the air cleaner
element. Unfiltered air will drastically accelerate
internal engine wear. Your Caterpillar dealer has
the proper air cleaner elements for your application.
Consult your Caterpillar dealer for the correct air
cleaner element.

SEBU8570-01

i04038285

Engine Air Cleaner Element

(Dual Element) - Clean/Replace
((Box Style) If Equipped)
SMCS Code: 1054-037; 1054-510

The secondary air cleaner element is not serviceable

or washable. The secondary air cleaner element
should be removed and discarded for every three
cleanings of the primary air cleaner element.

Illustration 49
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

g00736431

Cover
Primary air cleaner element
Secondary air cleaner element
Air inlet for the turbocharger

1. Remove the cover. Remove the primary air

cleaner element.
2. Cover the air inlet for the turbocharger with
adhesive material in order to keep dirt out of the
turbocharger.
3. Clean the inside of the air cleaner cover and body
with a clean, dry cloth.
4. Remove the adhesive covering that covers the air
inlet for the turbocharger. Install the secondary
air cleaner element. Install a primary air cleaner
element that is new or clean.
5. Install the air cleaner cover.
6. Reset the air cleaner service indicator.

Illustration 50

g02240714

The box style air cleaner that may be used on some

commercial engines contains uniquely designed
primary and secondary air filter elements. The design
of the air filters is such that the filters cannot be
cleaned. When the filters are plugged, the filters
should be replaced. The filters should be changed
when one of the following occurs:

An engine air filter restriction indicator is used, and

the indicator suggests the filter is plugged

An electronic sensor is used and a warning is

displayed that suggests the filter is plugged

If no mechanical or electronic device is used to

measure air filter restriction, the filters should
be replaced yearly, or every 2000 service hours,
whichever occurs first. Severe service conditions
may require more frequent change intervals.

SEBU8570-01

79
Maintenance Section
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single Element) - Clean/Replace

i04038251

Engine Air Cleaner

Element (Single Element) Clean/Replace
(Canister Style)
SMCS Code: 1051; 1054-037
NOTICE
Never run the engine without an air cleaner element
installed. Never run the engine with a damaged air
cleaner element. Do not use air cleaner elements with
damaged pleats, gaskets or seals. Dirt entering the
engine causes premature wear and damage to engine
components. Air cleaner elements help to prevent airborne debris from entering the air inlet.
NOTICE
Never service the air cleaner element with the engine
running since this will allow dirt to enter the engine.

Servicing the Air Cleaner Elements

If the air cleaner element becomes plugged, the air
can split the material of the air cleaner element.
Unfiltered air will drastically accelerate internal engine
wear. Your Caterpillar dealer has the proper air
cleaner elements for your application. Consult your
Caterpillar dealer for the correct air cleaner element.

Check the precleaner (if equipped) daily for

accumulation of dirt and debris. Remove any dirt

and debris, as needed.

Operating conditions (dust, dirt, and debris) may

require more frequent service of the air cleaner
element.

The air cleaner element may be cleaned up to six

times if the air cleaner element is properly cleaned

and inspected.

The air cleaner element should be replaced at least

one time per year. This replacement should be
performed regardless of the number of cleanings.

Replace the dirty paper air cleaner elements with

clean air cleaner elements. Before installation,
thoroughly check the air cleaner elements for tears
and/or holes in the filter material. Inspect the gasket
or the seal of the air cleaner element for damage.
Maintain a supply of suitable air cleaner elements
for replacement purposes.

Illustration 51

g00735127

(1) Cover
(2) Air cleaner element
(3) Turbocharger inlet

1. Remove the air cleaner cover. Remove the air

cleaner element.
Note: Refer to Cleaning the Air Cleaner Elements.
2. Cover the air inlet with tape in order to keep out
dirt.
3. Clean the inside of the air cleaner cover and body
with a clean, dry cloth.
4. Remove the tape for the air inlet. Install an air
cleaner element that is new or cleaned.
5. Install the air cleaner cover.
6. Reset the air cleaner service indicator.

80
Maintenance Section
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single Element) - Clean/Replace

Cleaning the Air Cleaner Elements

NOTICE
Caterpillar recommends certified air filter cleaning services that are available at Caterpillar dealers. The
Caterpillar cleaning process uses proven procedures
to assure consistent quality and sufficient filter life.

SEBU8570-01

Pressurized Air
Pressurized air can be used to clean air cleaner
elements that have not been cleaned more than two
times. Pressurized air will not remove deposits of
carbon and oil. Use filtered, dry air with a maximum
pressure of 207 kPa (30 psi).

Observe the following guidelines if you attempt to

clean the filter element:
Do not tap or strike the filter element in order to remove dust.
Do not wash the filter element.
Use low pressure compressed air in order to remove
the dust from the filter element. Air pressure must not
exceed 207 kPa (30 psi). Direct the air flow up the
pleats and down the pleats from the inside of the filter
element. Take extreme care in order to avoid damage
to the pleats.

Illustration 52

g00281692

Do not use air filters with damaged pleats, gaskets, or

seals. Dirt entering the engine will cause damage to
engine components.

Note: When the air cleaner elements are cleaned,

always begin with the clean side (inside) in order to
force dirt particles toward the dirty side (outside).

The air cleaner element can be used up to six times if

the element is properly cleaned and inspected. When
the air cleaner element is cleaned, check for rips or
tears in the filter material. The air cleaner element
should be replaced at least one time per year. This
replacement should be performed regardless of the
number of cleanings.

Aim the hose so that the air flows inside the element
along the length of the filter in order to help prevent
damage to the paper pleats. Do not aim the stream
of air directly at the air cleaner element. Dirt could be
forced further into the pleats.

Use clean air cleaner elements while dirty elements

are being cleaned.

Vacuum Cleaning

NOTICE
Do not clean the air cleaner elements by bumping or
tapping. This could damage the seals. Do not use elements with damaged pleats, gaskets or seals. Damaged elements will allow dirt to pass through. Engine
damage could result.
Visually inspect the air cleaner elements before
cleaning. Inspect the air cleaner elements for damage
to the seal, the gaskets, and the outer cover. Discard
any damaged air cleaner elements.
There are two common methods that are used to
clean air cleaner elements:

Pressurized air
Vacuum cleaning

Note: Refer to Inspecting the Air Cleaner Elements.

Vacuum cleaning is a good method for cleaning

air cleaner elements which require daily cleaning
because of a dry, dusty environment. Cleaning with
pressurized air is recommended prior to vacuum
cleaning. Vacuum cleaning will not remove deposits
of carbon and oil.
Note: Refer to Inspecting the Air Cleaner Elements.

SEBU8570-01

81
Maintenance Section
Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator - Inspect

Inspecting the Air Cleaner Elements

Place the air cleaner element into a box for storage.

For identification, mark the outside of the box and
mark the air cleaner element. Include the following
information:

Date of cleaning
Number of cleanings
Store the box in a dry location.
i01900118

Illustration 53

g00281693

Inspect the clean, dry air cleaner element. Use a 60

W blue light in a dark room or in a similar facility.
Place the blue light in the air cleaner element. Rotate
the air cleaner element. Inspect the air cleaner
element for tears and/or holes. Inspect the air cleaner
element for light that may show through the filter
material. If it is necessary in order to confirm the
result, compare the air cleaner element to a new air
cleaner element that has the same part number.
Do not use an air cleaner element that has any tears
and/or holes in the filter material. Do not use an air
cleaner element with damaged pleats, gaskets, or
seals. Discard damaged air cleaner elements.

Storing Air Cleaner Elements

If an air cleaner element that passes inspection will
not be used, the air cleaner element can be stored
for future use.

Engine Air Cleaner Service

Indicator - Inspect
(If Equipped)
SMCS Code: 7452-040
Some engines may be equipped with a different
service indicator.
Some engines are equipped with a differential gauge
for inlet air pressure. The differential gauge for inlet
air pressure displays the difference in the pressure
that is measured before the air cleaner element and
the pressure that is measured after the air cleaner
element. As the air cleaner element becomes dirty,
the pressure differential rises. If your engine is
equipped with a different type of service indicator,
follow the OEM recommendations in order to service
the air cleaner service indicator.
The service indicator may be mounted on the air
cleaner housing or in a remote location.

Illustration 55
Illustration 54

g00281694

Do not use paint, a waterproof cover, or plastic as a

protective covering for storage. An air flow restriction
may result. To protect against dirt and damage,
wrap the air cleaner elements in Volatile Corrosion
Inhibited (VCI) paper.

g00103777

Typical service indicator

Observe the service indicator. The air cleaner

element should be cleaned or the air cleaner element
should be replaced when one of the following
conditions occur:

The yellow diaphragm enters the red zone.

82
Maintenance Section
Engine Mounts - Inspect

SEBU8570-01

The red piston locks in the visible position.

i02108396

Engine Oil Level - Check

Test the Service Indicator

SMCS Code: 1348-535-FLV

Service indicators are important instruments.

Check for ease of resetting. The service indicator

should reset in less than three pushes.

Check the movement of the yellow core when the

engine is accelerated to the engine rated speed.

The yellow core should latch approximately at the
greatest vacuum that is attained.

Hot oil and hot components can cause personal

injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to
contact the skin.

If the service indicator does not reset easily, or if the

yellow core does not latch at the greatest vacuum,
the service indicator should be replaced. If the new
service indicator will not reset, the hole for the service
indicator may be plugged.
The service indicator may need to be replaced
frequently in environments that are severely dusty, if
necessary. Replace the service indicator annually
regardless of the operating conditions. Replace the
service indicator when the engine is overhauled, and
whenever major engine components are replaced.
Note: When a new service indicator is installed,
excessive force may crack the top of the service
indicator. Tighten the service indicator to a torque
of 2 Nm (18 lb in).
i02436689

Engine Mounts - Inspect

SMCS Code: 1152-040
Inspect the engine mounts for deterioration and for
proper bolt torque. Engine vibration can be caused
by the following conditions:

Improper mounting of the engine

Deterioration of the engine mounts
Loose mounting bolts
Any engine mount that shows deterioration should
be replaced. Refer to the Specifications Manual,
SENR3130, Torque Specifications. Refer to your
Caterpillar dealer for more information.

Illustration 56

g00110310

(Y) ADD mark

(X) FULL mark

NOTICE
Perform this maintenance with the engine stopped.
1. Maintain the oil level between ADD mark (Y) and
FULL mark (X) on the oil level gauge. Do not fill
the crankcase above FULL mark (X).
NOTICE
Engine damage can occur if the crankcase is filled
above the FULL mark on the oil level gauge (dipstick).
An overfull crankcase can enable the crankshaft to
dip into the oil. This will reduce the power that is developed and also force air bubbles into the oil. These
bubbles (foam) can cause the following problems: reduction of the oil's ability to lubricate, reduction of oil
pressure, inadequate cooling of the pistons, oil blowing out of the crankcase breathers, and excessive oil
consumption.
Excessive oil consumption will enable deposits to form
on the pistons and in the combustion chamber. Deposits in the combustion chamber lead to the following
problems: guttering of the valves, packing of carbon
under the piston rings, and wear of the cylinder liner.
If the oil level is above the FULL mark on the oil level
gauge, drain some of the oil immediately.

SEBU8570-01

83
Maintenance Section
Engine Oil Sample - Obtain

2. Remove the oil filler cap and add oil, if necessary.

For the correct oil to use, see this Operation
and Maintenance Manual, Refill Capacities and
Recommendations topic (Maintenance Section).
Do not fill the crankcase above FULL mark (X)
on the oil level gauge. Clean the oil filler cap.
Install the oil filler cap.
3. Record the amount of oil that is added. For the
next oil sample and analysis, include the total
amount of oil that has been added since the
previous sample. This will help to provide the most
accurate oil analysis.
i03542996

Engine Oil Sample - Obtain

SMCS Code: 1000-008; 1348-554-SM;
7542-554-OC, SM
In addition to a good preventive maintenance
program, Caterpillar recommends using SOS oil
analysis at regularly scheduled intervals in order
to monitor the condition of the engine and the
maintenance requirements of the engine. SOS oil
analysis provides infrared analysis, which is required
for determining nitration and oxidation levels.

Obtain the Sample and the Analysis

Hot oil and hot components can cause personal

injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to
contact the skin.

Caterpillar recommends using the sampling valve

in order to obtain oil samples. The quality and the
consistency of the samples are better when the
sampling valve is used. The location of the sampling
valve allows oil that is flowing under pressure to be
obtained during normal engine operation.
The 169-8373 Fluid Sampling Bottle is
recommended for use with the sampling valve. The
fluid sampling bottle includes the parts that are
needed for obtaining oil samples. Instructions are
also provided.
NOTICE
Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and
use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling.
Using the same pump for both types of samples may
contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This
contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incorrect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both
dealers and customers.
If the engine is not equipped with a sampling valve,
use the 1U-5718 Vacuum Pump. The pump is
designed to accept sampling bottles. Disposable
tubing must be attached to the pump for insertion
into the sump.
For instructions, see Special Publication, PEgj0047,
How To Take A Good SOS Oil Sample. Consult
your Caterpillar dealer for complete information and
assistance in establishing an SOS program for your
engine.
i04024367

Engine Oil and Filter - Change

Before you take the oil sample, complete the Label,

PEEP5031 for identification of the sample. In order
to help obtain the most accurate analysis, provide
the following information:

SMCS Code: 1318-510; 1348-044

Engine model

Hot oil and hot components can cause personal

injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to
contact the skin.

Service hours on the engine

The number of hours that have accumulated since

Selection of Oil Change Interval

The amount of oil that has been added since the

Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual,

Refill Capacities and Recommendations for further
information about oils that may be used in Caterpillar
engines.

the last oil change

last oil change

To ensure that the sample is representative of the

oil in the crankcase, obtain a warm, well mixed oil
sample.
To avoid contamination of the oil samples, the tools
and the supplies that are used for obtaining oil
samples must be clean.

84
Maintenance Section
Engine Oil and Filter - Change

SEBU8570-01

Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual,

Severe Service Application - Check to determine
if oil change interval should be reduced from the
normal change interval. If operating in any of the
conditions or environments outlined in the Severe
Service Application, use SOS Services oil analysis
to determine the best oil change interval. If SOS
Services oil analysis S is not being used, oil change
interval should be reduced to 250 hrs.
Table 9

Oil Change Interval for C9.3 Industrial Engine

Multigrade Oil Type

(1)

(1)

Operating Conditions
Normal

Severe Service Application

Cat DEO
or Cat DEO-ULS
Preferred

500 hr

250 hr

Oil meeting the requirements of

the Cat ECF-3 Specification or the
API CJ-4 classification
8 minimum TBN
Preferred

500 hr

250 hr

Oil meeting the requirements of the

ACEA C9/E6 Specification
TBN below 10.4

500 hr

250 hr

The standard oil change interval in this engine is 500 hours, if the operating conditions and recommended oil types that are listed in this
table are met. If the type of oil, the quality of the oil and the operating conditions fail to meet certain standards, the oil change intervals
must be decreased to 250 hours. Refer to Special Publication, PEHJ0192, Optimizing Oil Change Intervals in order to determine
whether the oil change interval should be reduced to 250 hours.

Drain the Engine Oil

After the engine has been run at the normal operating
temperature, stop the engine. Attach a DO NOT
OPERATE or a similar warning tag to the ignition
keyswitch before the engine is serviced.
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to
collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar
Dealer Service Tool Catalog or refer to Special Publication, PECJ0003, Caterpillar Shop Supplies and
Tools Catalog for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpillar products.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.
1. Remove the oil drain plug in order to allow the oil
to drain.

2. After the oil has drained, the oil drain plug should
be cleaned and installed.

Replace the Oil Filter

NOTICE
Caterpillar oil filters are built to Caterpillar specifications. Use of an oil filter not recommended by
Caterpillar could result in severe engine damage to
the engine bearings, crankshaft, etc., as a result of
the larger waste particles from unfiltered oil entering
the engine lubricating system. Only use oil filters
recommended by Caterpillar.

SEBU8570-01

85
Maintenance Section
Engine Storage Procedure - Check

2. Start the engine and run the engine at LOW

IDLE for 2 minutes. Perform this procedure in
order to ensure that the lubrication system has
oil and that the oil filters are filled. Inspect the oil
filter for oil leaks.
3. Stop the engine and allow the oil to drain back to
the sump for a minimum of 10 minutes.
4. Remove the oil level gauge in order to check the
oil level. Maintain the oil level between the ADD
and FULL marks on the ENGINE STOPPED
side of the oil level gauge.
Illustration 57

g00103713

Typical filter mounting base and filter gasket

1. Remove the oil filter with a 185-3630 Strap

Wrench.
2. Clean the sealing surface of the filter mounting
base. Ensure that all of the old oil filter gasket is
removed.
3. Apply clean engine oil to the new oil filter gasket.
NOTICE
Do not fill the oil filters with oil before installing them.
This oil would not be filtered and could be contaminated. Contaminated oil can cause accelerated wear to
engine components.
4. Install the oil filter. Tighten the oil filter until the
oil filter gasket contacts the base. Tighten the oil
filter by hand according to the instructions that are
shown on the oil filter. Do not overtighten the oil
filter.

Fill the Engine Crankcase

1. Remove the oil filler cap. Fill the crankcase with
the proper amount of oil. Refer to the Operation
and Maintenance Manual, Refill Capacities and
Recommendations topic (Maintenance Section)
for more information.
NOTICE
If equipped with an auxiliary oil filter or system, extra
oil must be added when filling the crankcase. Follow
the OEM or filter manufacturer's recommendations. If
the extra oil is not added, the engine may starve for
oil.
NOTICE
To help prevent crankshaft or bearing damage, crank
engine to fill all filters before starting. Do not crank
engine for more than 30 seconds.

i02703023

Engine Storage Procedure Check

SMCS Code: 1000-535
Caterpillar recommends storage procedures and
start-up procedures for all engines that are stored
for more than 1 month. These procedures provide
maximum protection to internal engine components.
Refer to Special Instruction, SEHS9031, Storage
Procedure For Caterpillar Products for information
on these procedures.
An extension of the oil change interval to 12 months
is permitted if you follow the required procedures for
storage and start-up. This extension is permitted if the
following intervals in the Operation and Maintenance
Manual, Maintenance Interval Schedule have not
been reached:

Operating hours
Fuel consumption
i04024569

Engine Valve Lash Inspect/Adjust

SMCS Code: 1102-025
Procedures for adjusting the valve lash can be found
in Systems Operation/Testing and Adjusting, Valve
Lash adjustment. Consult your Caterpillar dealer for
assistance.

86
Maintenance Section
Fuel Priming Pump - Replace

SEBU8570-01

i03927830

Fuel Priming Pump - Replace

SMCS Code: 1258-510
A replacement kit is available for the electronic fuel
priming pump. Contact your Cat dealer for the correct
part number and details for your application.
i04036726

Fuel System - Prime

SMCS Code: 1258-548
NOTICE
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly
clean the area around a fuel system component that
will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over disconnected fuel system component.

Key-on Priming (if equipped)

1. Turn the engine start switch to the ON position.
Leave the engine start switch in the ON position
for 2 minutes.
2. Verify that the water separator is full of fuel.
3. If the water separator is not full of fuel, turn the
engine start switch OFF and then turn the engine
start switch ON. Turning the switch OFF, then ON
will cycle the fuel priming pump again.

i04024571

Fuel System Primary Filter

(Water Separator) Element Replace
SMCS Code: 1260-510-FQ; 1263-510-FQ
Water in the fuel can cause the engine to run rough.
Water in the fuel may cause an electronic unit injector
to fail. If the fuel has been contaminated with water,
the element should be changed before the regularly
scheduled interval.

Replace the Element

Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electrical components can cause a fire. To help prevent possible injury, turn the start switch off when
changing fuel filters or water separator elements.
Clean up fuel spills immediately.
Note: Always use genuine Cat fuel filters to ensure
proper filtration. Cat filters are designed with Cat fuel
systems to provide the best filtration for advanced
electronic fuel injection systems.
1. Close the main fuel supply valve.

4. When the water separator is full of fuel, attempt

to start the engine. If the engine starts and the
engine runs rough or the engine misfires, operate
at low idle until the engine is running smoothly.
If the engine cannot be started, or if the engine
continues to misfire or smoke, repeat Step 1.

Manual Switch Priming (if

equipped)
g00104012

The manual switch is located on the primary filter

base/electric priming pump assembly.

Illustration 58

1. Hold the manual switch in the up position until fuel

has filled the water separator.

2. Remove element (1) from the element mounting

base while bowl (2) is attached.

2. Continue to hold the switch for 30 seconds after

the water separator is full.
3. Attempt to start the engine. If engine starts and
runs rough or misfires, operate at low idle until the
engine is running smoothly. If the engine cannot
be started, continue to prime the fuel system for
30 more seconds.

(1) Element. (2) Bowl. (3) Drain.

NOTICE
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly
clean the area around a fuel system component that
will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over any disconnected fuel system components.

SEBU8570-01

87
Maintenance Section
Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Separator - Drain

i00259781

NOTICE
Use a suitable container to catch any fuel that might
spill. Clean up any spilled fuel immediately.
3. Dispose of the fuel in the fuel filter element.
Remove bowl (2) from element (1). The bowl is
reusable. Do not discard the bowl. Dispose of the
used element.
4. Remove the O-ring from the gland of the bowl.
Clean the following components:

Bowl

Fuel System Primary

Filter/Water Separator - Drain
SMCS Code: 1260-543; 1263-543

Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electrical components can cause a fire. To help prevent possible injury, turn the start switch off when
changing fuel filters or water separator elements.
Clean up fuel spills immediately.

O-ring
Mounting base
Inspect the O-ring for damage and for
deterioration. Replace the O-ring, if necessary.
5. Lubricate the O-ring with clean diesel fuel.
6. Install bowl (2) on a new element. Tighten the
bowl by hand. Do not use tools in order to tighten
the bowl.
7. Lubricate the top seal of element (1) with clean
diesel fuel. The element may be filled with fuel at
this time. Install the new element on the mounting
base. Tighten the element by hand.
NOTICE
The water separator is under suction during normal
engine operation. Ensure that the vent plug is tightened securely to help prevent air from entering the fuel system.
8. Open the main fuel supply valve.
9. Start the engine and check for leaks. Run the
engine for 1 minute. Stop the engine and check
for leaks again.
Detection of leaks is difficult while the engine
is running. The primary filter/water separator is
under suction. A leak will allow air to enter the fuel.
The air in the fuel can cause low power due to
aeration of the fuel. If air enters the fuel, check the
components for overtightening or under tightening.

Illustration 59

g00104007

(1) Element. (2) Bowl. (3) Drain.

Bowl (2) should be monitored daily for signs of water.

If water is present, drain the water from the bowl.
1. Open drain (3). The drain is a self-ventilated drain.
Catch the draining water in a suitable container.
Dispose of the water properly.
2. Close drain (3).
NOTICE
The water separator is under suction during normal
engine operation. Ensure that the drain valve is tightened securely to help prevent air from entering the fuel
system.

88
Maintenance Section
Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace

SEBU8570-01

i04036723

Fuel System Secondary Filter Replace

SMCS Code: 1261-510-SE

Fuel leaked or spilled onto hot surfaces or electrical components can cause a fire. To help prevent possible injury, turn the start switch off when
changing fuel filters or water separator elements.
Clean up fuel spills immediately.

4. Apply clean diesel fuel to the new fuel filter gasket.

NOTICE
Do not fill the secondary fuel filter with fuel before installing. The fuel would not be filtered and could be
contaminated. Contaminated fuel will cause accelerated wear to fuel system parts.
5. Install the new fuel filter. Spin the fuel filter onto
the fuel filter base until the gasket contacts the
base. Use the rotation index marks on the filters
as a guide for proper tightening. Tighten the
filter for an additional 3/4 turn by hand. Do not
overtighten the filter.
i03645042

Fuel Tank Water and Sediment

- Drain
SMCS Code: 1273-543-M&S

Illustration 60

g02145531

(1) Fuel supply connections

(2) Fuel filters

NOTICE
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly
clean the area around a fuel system component that
will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over any disconnected fuel system components.
NOTICE
Use a suitable container to catch any fuel that might
spill. Clean up any spilled fuel immediately.
1. It may be necessary to relieve residual fuel
pressure from the fuel system before removing
the fuel filter.
Loosen one of the fuel supply connections (1) in
order to purge any residual pressure.

NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to
collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar
Dealer Service Tool Catalog or refer to Special Publication, PECJ0003, Caterpillar Shop Supplies and
Tools Catalog for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpillar products.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.

Fuel Tank
Fuel quality is critical to the performance and to the
service life of the engine. Water in the fuel can cause
excessive wear to the fuel system. Condensation
occurs during the heating and cooling of fuel. The
condensation occurs as the fuel passes through the
fuel system and the fuel returns to the fuel tank. This
causes water to accumulate in fuel tanks. Draining
the fuel tank regularly and obtaining fuel from reliable
sources can help to eliminate water in the fuel.

NOTICE
Do not loosen fuel lines or fittings at the fuel manifold
or ECM. The engine components may be damaged.

Drain the Water and the Sediment

2. Remove the used fuel filter.

Fuel tanks should contain some provision for draining

water and draining sediment from the bottom of the
fuel tanks.

3. Clean the gasket sealing surface of the fuel filter

base. Ensure that all of the old gasket is removed.

SEBU8570-01

Open the drain valve on the bottom of the fuel tank

in order to drain the water and the sediment. Close
the drain valve.
Note: Failure to properly close the drain can allow air
into the system, which could have detrimental results
to performance.
Check the fuel daily. Drain the water and sediment
from the fuel tank after operating the engine or drain
the water and sediment from the fuel tank after the
fuel tank has been filled. Allow five to ten minutes
before performing this procedure.
Fill the fuel tank after operating the engine in
order to drive out moist air. This will help prevent
condensation. Do not fill the tank to the top. The
fuel expands as the fuel gets warm. The tank may
overflow.
Some fuel tanks use supply pipes that allow water
and sediment to settle below the end of the fuel
supply pipe. Some fuel tanks use supply lines that
take fuel directly from the bottom of the tank. If
the engine is equipped with this system, regular
maintenance of the fuel system filter is important.

Fuel Storage Tanks

Drain the water and the sediment from the fuel
storage tank during the following conditions:

89
Maintenance Section
Fumes Disposal Filter Element - Replace

i04014070

Fumes Disposal Filter Element

- Replace
(Open Crankcase Ventilation
(OCV) Filter)
SMCS Code: 1074
The filter for the open crankcase ventilation system
may be located toward the front or toward the rear of
the left side of the engine. A filter that has been used
may contain a small amount of engine oil.
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the machine. Be prepared
to collect the fluid with suitable containers before
opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar
Tools and Shop Products Guide, for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain fluids in Caterpillar
machines.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.

Weekly
Oil change
Refill of the tank
This will help prevent water or sediment from being
pumped from the storage tank into the engine fuel
tank. A four micron(c) absolute filter for the breather
vent on the fuel tank is also recommended. Refer
to Special Publication, SENR9620, Improving Fuel
System Durablity.
If a bulk storage tank has been refilled or moved
recently, allow adequate time for the sediment to
settle before filling the engine fuel tank. Internal
baffles in the bulk storage tank will also help trap
sediment. Filtering fuel that is pumped from the
storage tank helps to ensure the quality of the fuel.
When possible, water separators should be used.
Illustration 61
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Cap
Housing for the filter element
Filter element
Cup

g02021434

90
Maintenance Section
Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace

SEBU8570-01

Remove either the cap or the cup from the housing

for the OCV filter. Remove the OCV filter. The filter
may not be used again. Dispose of the filter. Place a
new OCV filter inside the filter housing. If the cap was
removed, replace the cap. If the cup was removed,
replace the cup. Tighten hand tight.
Note: Caterpillar will not be held liable for an engine
that does not comply with EPA emissions standards
due to modification of the OCV filter or due to the use
of a filter that is not approved by Caterpillar.
i03847809

Hoses and Clamps Inspect/Replace

Inspect all clamps for the following conditions.

Replace any clamp which exhibits signs of any of the
following conditions.

Cracking
Looseness
Damage
Inspect all couplings for leaks. Replace any coupling
which exhibits signs of leaks.
Each installation application can be different. The
differences depend on the following factors:

Type of hose

SMCS Code: 7554-040; 7554-510

Type of fitting material

Hoses and clamps must be inspected periodically

in order to ensure safe operation and continuous
operation of the engine. Take proper safety
precautions before inspecting or replacing hoses and
clamps.

Anticipated expansion and contraction of the hose

Note: Always use a board or cardboard when the

engine components are checked for leaks. Leaking
fluid that is under pressure can cause serious
injury or possible death. This includes leaks that
are the size of a pin hole. Refer to Operation and
Maintenance Manual, General Hazard Information
for more information.

Inspect the Hoses and the Clamps

Inspect all hoses for leaks that are caused by the
following conditions. Replace any hose which exhibits
any of the following conditions. Failure to replace a
hose which exhibits any of the following conditions
may result in a hazardous situation.

Hoses which are cracked

Hoses which are soft
Outer covering that is chafed or cut
Exposed wire that is used for reinforcement
Outer covering that is ballooning locally
Flexible part of the hose that is kinked or crushed
Armoring that is embedded in the outer covering
Hoses which exhibit signs of leakage which are not
the result of loose couplings or clamps

Anticipated expansion and contraction of the

fittings

Due to extreme temperature changes, the hose will

heat set. Heat setting causes hose clamps to loosen.
This can result in leaks. A constant torque hose
clamp will help to prevent loose hose clamps.
Replace hoses that are cracked or soft. Replace
hoses that show signs of leakage. Replace hoses
that show signs of damage. Replace hose clamps
that are cracked or damaged. Tighten or replace
hose clamps which are loose.

Replace the Hoses and the Clamps

NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to
collect the fluid with suitable containers before opening any compartment or disassembling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, Caterpillar
Dealer Service Tool Catalog or refer to Special Publication, PECJ0003, Caterpillar Shop Supplies and
Tools Catalog for tools and supplies suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpillar products.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.

SEBU8570-01

91
Maintenance Section
Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace

Cooling System

Fuel System

Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause serious burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pressure.

Personal injury can result from removing hoses or

fittings in a pressure system.

Personal injury can result from removing hoses or

fittings in a pressure system.
Failure to relieve pressure can cause personal injury.
Do not disconnect or remove hoses or fittings until all pressure in the system has been relieved.
1. Stop the engine.
2. Allow the engine to cool.
3. Before servicing a coolant hose, slowly loosen the
filler cap for the cooling system in order to relieve
any pressure.
4. Remove the filler cap for the cooling system.
5. Drain the coolant from the cooling system to a
level that is below the hose that is being replaced.
Drain the coolant into a suitable clean container.
The coolant can be reused.
6. Remove the hose clamps.
7. Disconnect the old hose.
8. Replace the old hose with a new hose.
9. Install hose clamps which have been inspected or
install new hose clamps. Refer to Specifications,
SENR3130, Torque Specifications, Hose
Clamps for information about selecting and
installing the proper hose clamps.
10. Refill the cooling system.
11. Clean the filler cap for the cooling system. Inspect
the gaskets on the filler cap. Replace the filler cap
if the gaskets are damaged. Install the filler cap.
12. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for
leaks.

Failure to relieve pressure can cause personal injury.

Do not disconnect or remove hoses or fittings until all pressure in the system has been relieved.

Contact with high pressure fuel may cause fluid

penetration and burn hazards. High pressure fuel spray may cause a fire hazard. Failure to follow these inspection, maintenance and service instructions may cause personal injury or death.
NOTICE
Do not bend or strike high pressure lines. Do not install bent or damaged lines, tubes or hoses. Repair
any loose or damaged fuel and oil lines, tubes and
hoses. Leaks can cause fires. Inspect all lines, tubes
and hoses carefully. Tighten all connections to the recommended torque.
NOTICE
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly
clean the area around a fuel system component that
will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over any disconnected fuel system components.
Note: High pressure fuel lines may be installed
between the high pressure fuel pump and the fuel
injectors. High pressure fuel lines are constantly
charged with high pressure. Do not check the high
pressure fuel lines with the engine or the starting
motor in operation. Wait for 10 minutes after the
engine stops before you perform any service or repair
on high pressure fuel lines in order to allow pressure
to be purged.
1. Drain the fuel from the fuel system to a level that
is below the hose that is being replaced.
2. Remove the hose clamps.
3. Disconnect the old hose.
4. Replace the old hose with a new hose.

92
Maintenance Section
Overhaul Considerations

SEBU8570-01

5. Install hose clamps which have been inspected or

install new hose clamps. Refer to Specifications,
SENR3130, Torque Specifications, Hose
Clamps for information about selecting and
installing the proper hose clamps.

4. Install hose clamps which have been inspected or

install new hose clamps. Refer to Specifications,
SENR3130, Torque Specifications, Hose
Clamps for information about selecting and
installing the proper hose clamps.

6. Carefully inspect the engine for any spilled fuel.

Make sure that no fuel remains on or close to the
engine.

5. Start the engine. Inspect the air lines for leaks.

Note: Fuel must be added to the fuel system ahead

of the fuel filter.

Overhaul Considerations

7. Refill the fuel system. Refer to this Operation and

Maintenance Manual, Fuel System - Prime for
information about priming the engine with fuel.
8. Start the engine. Inspect the fuel system for leaks.

Lubrication System

Hot oil and hot components can cause personal

injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to
contact the skin.

i04036715

SMCS Code: 7595-043

Reduced hours of operation at full load will result in
a lower average power demand and reduced fuel
consumption. A decreased average power demand
should increase both the engine service life and the
overhaul interval.
The need for an overhaul is indicated by increased
fuel consumption, increased oil consumption,
excessive engine blowby, and reduced power. Arctic
temperatures, extreme high temperatures, corrosive
environments, or extreme dusty conditions contribute
to premature wear and the need for an overhaul.

1. Drain the oil from the lubrication system to a level

that is below the hose that is being replaced.

The following factors are important when a decision

is being made on the proper time for an engine
overhaul:

2. Remove the hose clamps.

The need for preventive maintenance

3. Disconnect the old hose.

The quality of the fuel that is being used

4. Replace the old hose with a new hose.

The operating conditions

5. Install hose clamps which have been inspected or

install new hose clamps. Refer to Specifications,
SENR3130, Torque Specifications, Hose
Clamps for information about selecting and
installing the proper hose clamps.

The results of the SOS analysis

6. Refill the lubrication system. Refer to this

Operation and Maintenance Manual, Engine
Oil Level - Check in order to ensure that the
lubrication system is filled with the proper amount
of engine oil.
7. Start the engine. Inspect the lubrication system
for leaks.

Air System
1. Remove the hose clamps.
2. Disconnect the old hose.
3. Replace the old hose with a new hose.

Note: The aftertreatment system can be expected

to function properly for the useful life of the
engine (emissions durability period), as defined
by regulation, subject to prescribed maintenance
requirements being followed.

Oil Consumption as an Overhaul

Indicator
Oil consumption, fuel consumption, and maintenance
information can be used to estimate the total
operating cost for your Caterpillar engine. Oil
consumption can also be used to estimate the
required capacity of a makeup oil tank that is suitable
for the maintenance intervals.
Oil consumption is in proportion to the percentage
of the rated engine load. As the percentage of the
engine load is increased, the amount of oil that is
consumed per hour also increases.

SEBU8570-01

93
Maintenance Section
Overhaul Considerations

The oil consumption rate (brake-specific oil

consumption) is measured in grams per kW/h (lb per
bhp). The brake-specific oil consumption (BSOC)
depends on the engine load. Consult your Caterpillar
dealer for assistance in determining the typical oil
consumption rate for your engine.

Note: Overhaul programs vary according to the

engine application and according to the dealer that
performs the overhaul. Consult your Caterpillar
dealer for specific information about the available
overhaul programs and about overhaul services for
extending the engine life.

When the oil consumption of an engine has risen

to three times the original oil consumption rate
due to normal wear, an engine overhaul should be
scheduled. There may be a corresponding increase
in blowby and a slight increase in fuel consumption.

If an overhaul is performed without overhaul service

from your Caterpillar dealer, be aware of the following
maintenance recommendations.

Overhaul Options
Before Failure Overhaul
A planned overhaul before failure may be the best
value for the following reasons:

Costly unplanned downtime can be avoided.

Many original parts can be reused according to the
standards for reusable parts.

The service life of the engine can be extended

without the risk of a major catastrophe due to
engine failure.

The best cost/value relationship per hour of

extended life can be attained.

Rebuild or Exchange
Cylinder Head Assembly, Cylinder Packs, Oil
Pump, and Fuel Transfer Pump
These components should be inspected according to
the instructions that are found in various Caterpillar
reusability publications. The Special Publication,
SEBF8029 lists the reusability publications that are
needed for inspecting the engine parts.
If the parts comply with the established inspection
specifications that are expressed in the reusable
parts guideline, the parts should be reused.
Parts that are not within the established inspection
specifications should be dealt with in one of the
following manners:

Salvaging

After Failure Overhaul

Repairing

If a major engine failure occurs and the engine

must be removed, many options are available. An
overhaul should be performed if the engine block or
the crankshaft needs to be repaired.

Replacing

If the engine block is repairable and/or the crankshaft

is repairable, the overhaul cost should be between 40
percent and 50 percent of the cost of a new engine
with a similar exchange core.

Unscheduled downtime

This lower cost can be attributed to three aspects:

Specially designed Caterpillar engine features

Caterpillar dealer exchange components
Caterpillar Inc. remanufactured exchange
components

Overhaul Recommendation
To minimize downtime, Caterpillar Inc. recommends a
scheduled engine overhaul by your Caterpillar dealer
before the engine fails. A scheduled engine overhaul
will provide you with the best cost/value relationship.

Using out-of-spec parts can result in the following

problems:

Costly repairs
Damage to other engine parts
Reduced engine efficiency
Increased fuel consumption
Reduced engine efficiency and increased fuel
consumption translates into higher operating costs.
Therefore, Caterpillar Inc. recommends repairing
out-of-spec parts or replacing out-of-spec parts.

Inspection and/or Replacement

Crankshaft Bearings, Valve Rotators, and
Crankshaft Seals
The following components may not last until the
second overhaul.

94
Maintenance Section
Overhaul Considerations

SEBU8570-01

Thrust bearings
Main bearings
Rod bearings
Valve rotators

NOTICE
Do not use caustic cleaners to clean the core.
Caustic cleaners can attack the internal metals of the
core and cause leakage.

Crankshaft seals

Note: Use this cleaning procedure to clean the oil

cooler core.

Caterpillar Inc. recommends the installation of new

parts at each overhaul period.

1. Remove the oil cooler core.

Inspect these parts while the engine is disassembled

for an overhaul.

2. Remove any debris from the oil cooler core. To

remove debris from the oil cooler core, turn the oil
cooler core onto one end.

Inspect the crankshaft for any of the following

conditions:

Deflection
Damage to the journals
Bearing material that has seized to the journals
Check the journal taper and the profile of the
crankshaft journals. Check these components by
interpreting the wear patterns on the following
components:

3. Flush the oil cooler core internally with cleaner in

order to loosen foreign substances. Flushing the
oil cooler will also help to remove oil from the oil
cooler core.
Note: Caterpillar Inc. recommends the use of
Hydrosolv Liquid Cleaners. Table 10 lists the
Hydrosolv Liquid Cleaners that are available from
your Caterpillar dealer.
Table 10

HydrosolvLiquid Cleaners

Rod bearing

Part
Number

Main bearings

1U-8812

Inspect the camshaft for damage to the journals and

to the lobes.
Note: If the camshaft is removed for any reason, use
the magnetic particle inspection process to check for
cracks in the camshaft.
Inspect the following components for signs of wear or
for signs of scuffing:

Camshaft bearings
Camshaft followers
Caterpillar Inc. recommends replacing the crankshaft
vibration damper.
Oil Cooler Core
During an overhaul, Caterpillar Inc. recommends the
removal of the oil cooler core. Clean the oil cooler
core. Then, pressure test the oil cooler core.

1U-5490

Description

Size
4 L (1 US gallon)

Hydrosolv4165

19 L (5 US gallon)

8T-7570

208 L (55 US gallon)

1U-8804

4 L (1 US gallon)

1U-5492
8T-5571

Hydrosolv100

19 L (5 US gallon)
208 L (55 US gallon)

4. Use steam to clean the oil cooler core.

Steam-cleaning the oil cooler core removes any
remaining residue from the cleaner. Flush the fins
of the oil cooler core. Remove any other trapped
debris.
5. Wash the oil cooler core with hot, soapy water.
Rinse the oil cooler core thoroughly with clean
water.

SEBU8570-01

95
Maintenance Section
Power Take-Off Clutch - Check/Adjust/Lubricate

Identification of contaminants
Personal injury can result from air pressure.
Personal injury can result without following proper procedure. When using pressure air, wear a protective face shield and protective clothing.
Maximum air pressure at the nozzle must be less
than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes.
6. Dry the oil cooler core with compressed air. Direct
the air in the reverse direction of the normal flow.
7. Inspect the components in order to ensure
cleanliness. The oil cooler core should be
pressure tested. Repair the oil cooler core, if
necessary. Install the oil cooler core.
For more information about cleaning the cores,
consult your Caterpillar dealer.

Obtain Coolant Analysis

The concentration of supplemental coolant additive
(SCA) should be checked regularly with test kits
or with SOS Coolant Analysis (Level 1). Further
coolant analysis is recommended when the engine
is overhauled.

Identification of built up impurities (corrosion and

scale)

SOS Coolant Analysis (Level 2) provides a report of

the results of both the analysis and the maintenance
recommendations.
For more information about coolant analysis, see
your Caterpillar dealer.
i01506009

Power Take-Off Clutch Check/Adjust/Lubricate

SMCS Code: 3055-036; 3055-086
NOTICE
New power take-offs should have the clutch adjustment checked before being placed into service. The
clutch adjustment should be checked again after the
first ten hours of operation. New clutch plates have a
wear in period, and the clutch may require several
adjustments until the new plates are worn in.

For example, considerable deposits are found in the

water jacket areas on the external cooling system, but
the concentrations of coolant additives were carefully
maintained. The coolant water probably contained
minerals that were deposited on the engine over time.
A coolant analysis can be conducted in order to verify
the condition of the water that is being used in the
cooling system. A full water analysis can be obtained
by consulting your local water utility company or
an agricultural agent. Private laboratories are also
available for water analysis.
Caterpillar Inc. recommends an SOS Coolant
Analysis (Level 2).
SOS Coolant Analysis (Level 2)
An SOS Coolant Analysis (Level 2) is a
comprehensive coolant analysis which completely
analyzes the coolant and the effects on the cooling
system. An SOS Coolant Analysis (Level 2) provides
the following information:

Complete SOS Coolant Analysis (Level 1)

Visual inspection of properties
Identification of metal corrosion

Illustration 62

g00781502

(1) Instruction plate

(2) Serial number plate

Check the clutch adjustment regularly after wear in.

Heavy-duty applications which have engagements
that are frequent and relatively long periods of
clutch slippage require more frequent adjustment
than light-duty applications. The operating torque
should be measured in order to determine if a clutch
adjustment is required.
Refer to the OEM information and instruction plate
(1) for instructions on lubrication, adjustment, and
other recommendations for service. Perform the
maintenance that is specified on the instruction plate.

96
Maintenance Section
Radiator - Clean

SEBU8570-01

Do not operate the engine with the Instruction

Plate cover removed from the clutch. Personal
injury may result.
If the clutch is damaged to the point of burst failure, expelled pieces can cause personal injury to
anyone in the immediate area. Proper safeguards
must be followed to help prevent accidents.

i02372787

Radiator - Clean
SMCS Code: 1353-070
Note: Adjust the frequency of cleaning according to
the effects of the operating environment.
Inspect the radiator for these items: damaged fins,
corrosion, dirt, grease, insects, leaves, oil, and other
debris. Clean the radiator, if necessary.

Inspect the fins for damage. Bent fins may be opened

with a comb. Inspect these items for good condition:
welds, mounting brackets, air lines, connections,
clamps, and seals. Make repairs, if necessary.
For more detailed information on cleaning and
inspection, refer to Special Publication, SEBD0518,
Know Your Cooling System.
i03937573

Severe Service Application Check

SMCS Code: 1000-535
An engine which operates outside of normal
conditions is operating in a severe service
application.
An engine that operates in a severe service
application may need more frequent maintenance
intervals in order to maximize the following conditions:

Reliability
Personal injury can result from air pressure.
Personal injury can result without following proper procedure. When using pressure air, wear a protective face shield and protective clothing.
Maximum air pressure at the nozzle must be less
than 205 kPa (30 psi) for cleaning purposes.
Pressurized air is the preferred method for removing
loose debris. Direct the air in the opposite direction
of the fan's air flow. Hold the nozzle approximately
6 mm (0.25 inch) away from the fins. Slowly move the
air nozzle in a direction that is parallel with the tubes.
This will remove debris that is between the tubes.
Pressurized water may also be used for cleaning.
The maximum water pressure for cleaning purposes
must be less than 275 kPa (40 psi). Use pressurized
water in order to soften mud. Clean the core from
both sides.
Use a degreaser and steam for removal of oil and
grease. Clean both sides of the core. Wash the core
with detergent and hot water. Thoroughly rinse the
core with clean water.
After cleaning, start the engine. This will help in the
removal of debris and drying of the core. Stop the
engine. Use a light bulb behind the core in order to
inspect the core for cleanliness. Repeat the cleaning,
if necessary.

Service life
The number of individual applications cause the
impossibility of identifying all of the factors which may
contribute to severe service operation. Consult your
Caterpillar dealer for the unique maintenance that
may be necessary for your engine.
An application is a severe service application if any
of the following conditions apply:

Severe Environmental Factors

Frequent operation in dirty air
Frequent operation at an altitude which is above
1525 m (5000 ft)

Frequent operation in ambient temperatures which

are above 32 C (90 F)

Frequent operation in ambient temperatures which

are below 0 C (32 F)

Severe Operating Conditions

Frequent operation with inlet air which has a
corrosive content

Operation with inlet air which has a combustible

content

Operation which is outside of the intended

application

SEBU8570-01

Operation with a plugged fuel filter

Extended operation at low idle (more than 20% of
hours)

Frequent cold starts at temperatures below 0 C

(32 F)

Frequent dry starts (starting after more than 72

hours of shutdown)

Frequent hot shutdowns (shutting down the engine

without the minimum of 2 minutes to 5 minutes of
cool down time)

Operation above the engine rated speed

Operation below the peak torque speed
Operating with fuel which does not meet

the standards for distillate diesel fuel as

stated in Special Publication, SEBU6251,
Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids
Recommendations, Distillate Diesel Fuel

97
Maintenance Section
Starting Motor - Inspect

Storing the engine for more than 3 months but less

than 1 yr (For information about engine storage,
refer to Special Publication, SEHS9031, Storage
Procedure for Caterpillar Products)

Storing the engine for 1 yr to 2 years (For

information about engine storage, refer to Special

Instruction, SEHS5001, The Long Term Storage
and Recovery of Certain Commercial Engines)
i02740889

Starting Motor - Inspect

(If Equipped)
SMCS Code: 1451-040; 1453-040
Note: The OEM may be responsible for the starting
motor for this engine application. Air starting motors
are recommended if an explosive atmosphere may
be present. If the starting motor is supplied by an
OEM, refer to the Service Manual for the starter in
order to locate additional information on the checking
procedure and for specifications.

Operating with fuel which contains greater than

1000 ppm (0.1%) sulfur

Operating with a blend of distillate fuel which

Inadequate maintenance of fuel storage tanks from

The connection of battery cables to a battery and

the disconnection of battery cables from a battery
may cause an explosion which may result in injury
or death. The connection and the disconnection
of other electrical equipment may also cause an
explosion which may result in injury or death. The
procedures for the connection and the disconnection of battery cables and other electrical equipment should only be performed in a nonexplosive
atmosphere.

Extending maintenance intervals beyond the

If the starting motor fails, the engine may not start in

an emergency situation. A scheduled inspection of
the starting motor is recommended.

contains more than 5 percent biodiesel

Improper Maintenance Procedures

(Maintenance Procedures Which
May Contribute to a Severe Service
Application)
causes such as excessive water, sediment, and
microorganism growth.
recommended intervals

Using fluids which are not recommended in Special

Publication, SEBU6251, Caterpillar Commercial
Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations

Extending maintenance intervals for changing

the engine oil and engine coolant without SOS

validation

Extending maintenance intervals for changing air

filters, oil filters, and fuel filters

Failure to use a water separator

Using filters which are not recommended by

Special Publication, PEWJ0074, 2008 Cat Filter

and Fluid Application Guide

The starting motor pinion and the flywheel ring gear

must be in good condition in order for the engine
to start properly. The engine will not start if the
starting motor pinion does not engage the flywheel
ring gear. The teeth of the starting motor pinion and
the flywheel ring gear can be damaged because of
irregular engagement.
Inspect the starting motor for proper operation. Listen
for grinding when the engine is started. Inspect the
teeth of the starting motor pinion and the flywheel
ring gear. Look for patterns of wear on the teeth. Look
for teeth that are broken or chipped. If damaged teeth
are found, the starting motor pinion and the flywheel
ring gear must be replaced.

98
Maintenance Section
Walk-Around Inspection

SEBU8570-01

Electric Starting Motor

Note: Problems with the electric starting motor can
be caused by the following conditions: malfunction of
the solenoid and malfunction of the electric starting
system.
Inspect the electrical system for the following
conditions:

NOTICE
For any type of leak (coolant, lube, or fuel) clean up the
fluid. If leaking is observed, find the source and correct
the leak. If leaking is suspected, check the fluid levels
more often than recommended until the leak is found
or fixed, or until the suspicion of a leak is proved to be
unwarranted.
NOTICE
Accumulated grease and/or oil on an engine or deck is
a fire hazard. Remove this debris with steam cleaning
or high pressure water.

Loose connections
Corrosion
Wires that are worn or frayed

Ensure that the cooling lines are properly clamped

Cleanliness

and that the cooling lines are tight. Check for leaks.
Check the condition of all pipes.

Make repairs, if necessary.

Removal and Installation of the

Starting Motor
Refer to the Service Manual, Disassembly and
Assembly module for information on removing the
starting motor and installing the starting motor.
Consult your Caterpillar dealer for assistance.
i01185304

Walk-Around Inspection
SMCS Code: 1000-040

Inspect the Engine for Leaks and

for Loose Connections
A walk-around inspection should only take a few
minutes. When the time is taken to perform these
checks, costly repairs and accidents can be avoided.
For maximum engine service life, make a thorough
inspection of the engine compartment before starting
the engine. Look for items such as oil leaks or coolant
leaks, loose bolts, worn belts, loose connections and
trash buildup. Make repairs, as needed:

The guards must be in the proper place. Repair

damaged guards or replace missing guards.

Wipe all caps and plugs before the engine is

serviced in order to reduce the chance of system

contamination.

Inspect the water pumps for coolant leaks.

Note: The water pump seal is lubricated by coolant
in the cooling system. It is normal for a small amount
of leakage to occur as the engine cools down and
the parts contract.
Excessive coolant leakage may indicate the need
to replace the water pump seal. For the removal of
water pumps and the installation of water pumps
and/or seals, refer to the Service Manual for the
engine or consult your Caterpillar dealer.

Inspect the lubrication system for leaks at the front

crankshaft seal, the rear crankshaft seal, the oil
pan, the oil filters and the valve cover.

Inspect the fuel system for leaks. Look for loose

fuel line clamps or for loose fuel line tie-wraps.

Inspect the piping for the air inlet system and the
elbows for cracks and for loose clamps. Ensure
that hoses and tubes are not contacting other
hoses, tubes, wiring harnesses, etc.

Inspect the alternator belt and the accessory drive

belts for cracks, breaks or other damage.

Belts for multiple groove pulleys must be replaced as

matched sets. If only one belt is replaced, the belt will
carry more load than the belts that are not replaced.
The older belts are stretched. The additional load on
the new belt could cause the belt to break.

Drain the water and the sediment from fuel tanks

on a daily basis in order to ensure that only clean

fuel enters the fuel system.

Inspect the wiring and the wiring harnesses for

loose connections and for worn wires or frayed

wires.

SEBU8570-01

Inspect the ground strap for a good connection and

for good condition.

Inspect the ECM to the cylinder head ground strap

for a good connection and for good condition.

Disconnect any battery chargers that are not

protected against the current drain of the starting

motor. Check the condition and the electrolyte level
of the batteries, unless the engine is equipped with
a maintenance free battery.

Check the condition of the gauges. Replace any

gauges that are cracked. Replace any gauge that

can not be calibrated.

99
Maintenance Section
Walk-Around Inspection

100
Warranty Section
Warranty Information

SEBU8570-01

Warranty Section
Warranty Information
i04011911

Emissions Warranty
Information
SMCS Code: 1000
Caterpillar Inc. (Caterpillar) warrants to the ultimate
purchaser and each subsequent purchaser that:
1. New non-road diesel engines and stationary diesel
engines less than 10 liters per cylinder operated
and serviced in the United States and Canada,
including all parts of their emission control systems
(emission related components), are:
a. Designed, built, and equipped so as to conform,
at the time of sale, with applicable emission
standards prescribed by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by
way of regulation.
b. Free from defects in materials and workmanship
in emission-related components that can cause
the engine to fail to conform to applicable
emission standards for the warranty period.
2. New non-road diesel engines operated and
serviced in the state of California, including all
parts of their emission control systems (emission
related components), are:
a. Designed, built, and equipped so as to conform,
at the time of sale, to all applicable regulations
adopted by the California Air Resources Board
(ARB).
b. Free from defects in materials and workmanship
which cause the failure of an emission-related
component to be identical in all material
respects to the component as described in the
Caterpillar application for certification for the
warranty period.
A detailed explanation of the Emission Control
Warranty that is applicable to new non-road and
stationary diesel engines, including the components
covered and the warranty period, is found in
supplement Special Publication, SELF9001, Federal
Emission Control Warranty and Emission Control
Warranty for California. Consult your authorized Cat
dealer to determine if your engine is subject to an
Emission Control Warranty.

SEBU8570-01

101
Reference Information Section
Engine Ratings

Reference Information
Section
Engine Ratings
i01097462

Engine Rating Conditions

SMCS Code: 1000
All engine ratings are based onSAE J1349.
Ratings relate to the standard conditions of AS1501,
of ISO3046/1, of DIN6271, and of BS5514.
The engine ratings are gross output ratings.
Gross Output Ratings The total output capability
of the engine that is equipped with standard
accessories.
Standard accessories include the following
components:

Oil pumps
Fuel pumps
Water pumps
Subtract the power that is required to drive auxiliary
components from the gross output. This will produce
the net power that is available for the external load
(flywheel).
i03880100

Engine Rating Definitions

SMCS Code: 1000
In selecting a rating for a specific application, the
most important consideration is the time that is spent
at full throttle. These rating definitions identify the
percent of time at full throttle. The definitions also
identify the corresponding times below rated rpm.
Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual,
Configuration Parameters for information about the
rating for this engine.
Note: The examples of the applications are only
for reference. For an exact determination of the
appropriate rating, follow the OEM specifications or
consult your Caterpillar dealer.

102
Reference Information Section
Engine Ratings

SEBU8570-01

Table 11

Engine Rating Information

Time at Rated Load(1)

Performance
Rating

Load
Factor

Overall

100%

100%

(1)

85%

70%

75%

Any One
Instance

Examples of
Applications

n/a

Pipe line pumping

Ventilation

n/a

Irrigation pumps
Drilling applications
Plant air
compressors

50%

Less than1 hour

Fire pumps
Chippers
Rock crushers
Portable air
compressors
Snowgroomer
Snowblowers
Cranes
Water well drills
Standby centrifugal
pumps
Oil well servicing

50%

10%

Less than 30
minutes

35%

5%

Less than 15
minutes

Both the overall time at rated load and the time the engine is operated in any one
instance must be considered.

NOTICE
Operating engines above the rating definitions can result in shorter service life before overhaul.

SEBU8570-01

103
Reference Information Section
Customer Service

Customer Service
i03910306

Customer Assistance
SMCS Code: 1000

USA and Canada

When a problem arises concerning the operation or
the service of an engine, the problem will normally be
managed by the dealer in your area.
Your satisfaction is a primary concern to Caterpillar
and to Caterpillar dealers. If you have a problem that
has not been handled to your complete satisfaction,
follow these steps:
1. Discuss your problem with a manager from the
dealership.
2. If your problem cannot be resolved at the dealer
level, use the phone number that is listed below to
talk with a Field Service Coordinator:
1-800-447-4986
The normal hours are from 8:00 to 4:30 Monday
through Friday Central Standard Time.
3. If your needs have not been met still, submit the
matter in writing to the following address:
Caterpillar Inc.
Manager, Customer Service, Engine Division
Mossville Bldg AC
P.O. Box 610
Mossville, Illinois 61552-0610
Please keep in mind: probably, your problem will
ultimately be solved at the dealership, using the
dealership facilities, equipment, and personnel.
Therefore, follow the steps in sequence when a
problem is experienced.

Outside of the USA and of Canada

If a problem arises outside the USA and outside
Canada, and if the problem cannot be resolved at the
dealer level, consult the appropriate Caterpillar office.
Latin America, Mexico, Carribean
Caterpillar Americas Co.
701 Waterford Way, Suite 200
Miami, FL 33126-4670
USA
Phone: 305-476-6800
Fax: 305-476-6801

Europe, Africa, and Middle East

Caterpillar Overseas S.A.
76 Route de Frontenex
P.O. Box 6000
CH-1211 Geneva 6
Switzerland
Phone: 22-849-4444
Fax: 22-849-4544
Far East
Caterpillar Asia Pte. Ltd.
7 Tractor Road
Jurong, Singapore 627968
Republic of Singapore
Phone: 65-662-8333
Fax: 65-662-8302
China
Caterpillar China Ltd.
37/F., The Lee Gardens
33 Hysan Avenue
Causeway Bay
G.P.O. Box 3069
Hong Kong
Phone: 852-2848-0333
Fax: 852-2848-0440
Japan
Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd.
SBS Tower
10-1, Yoga 4-Chome
Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-8530
Japan
Phone: 81-3-5717-1150
Fax: 81-3-5717-1177
Japan
Caterpillar Power Systems, Inc.
SBS Tower (14th floor)
4-10-1, Yoga
Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 158-0097
Phone: 81-3-5797-4300
Fax: 81-3-5797-4359
Australia and New Zealand
Caterpillar of Australia Ltd.
1 Caterpillar Drive
Private Mail Bag 4
Tullamarine, Victoria 3043
Australia
Phone: 03-9953-9333
Fax: 03-9335-3366

104
Reference Information Section
Customer Service

SEBU8570-01

i01028392

Ordering Replacement Parts

SMCS Code: 7567

When replacement parts are required for this

product Caterpillar recommends using Caterpillar
replacement parts or parts with equivalent specifications including, but not limited to, physical
dimensions, type, strength and material.
Failure to heed this warning can lead to premature failures, product damage, personal injury or
death.
Quality Caterpillar replacement parts are available
from Caterpillar dealers throughout the world.
Caterpillar dealers' parts inventories are up-to-date.
The parts stocks include all of the parts that are
normally needed to protect your Caterpillar engine
investment.
When you order parts, please specify the following
information:

Part number
Part name
Quantity
If there is a question concerning the part number,
please provide your dealer with a complete
description of the needed item.
When a Caterpillar engine requires maintenance
and/or repair, provide the dealer with all the
information that is stamped on the Information Plate.
This information is described in this Operation and
Maintenance Manual (Product Information Section).
Discuss the problem with the dealer. Inform the
dealer about the conditions of the problem and the
nature of the problem. Inform the dealer about when
the problem occurs. This will help the dealer in
troubleshooting the problem and solving the problem
faster.

SEBU8570-01

105
Reference Information Section
Reference Materials

Reference Materials

Data Sheet, PEHJ0088, Cat Multipurpose Grease

i02783348

Reference Material
SMCS Code: 1000

Lubricants
Special Publication, PEDP7035, Optimizing Oil
Change Intervals

Data Sheet, PEHJ0008, Cat Arctic DEO SYN

The following publications can be obtained from any

Caterpillar dealer.

Data Sheet, PEHJ0021, Cat DEO (Diesel Engine

Coolants

Data Sheet, PEHJ0059, Cat DEO (for North

Special Publication, PMEP5027, Label - ELC

Radiator Label

Data Sheet, PEHJ0067, Cat ELC (Extended Life

Coolant)

Data Sheet, PEHP7057, Coolant Analysis

Data Sheet, PEHP9554, Cat DEAC (Diesel
Engine Antifreeze/Coolant)

Special Publication, PELJ0176, Cat ELC

(Extended Life Coolant) 223-9116 Dilution Test Kit

Oil) APD, EAME, LACD Only

America Only)

Special Publication, PEHP6001, How To Take A

Good Oil Sample

Special Instruction, PEHP7062, Full SYnthetic

Diesel Engine Oil Data Sheet

Special Publication, PPHJ0072, Cat DEO (Brasil)

Special Publication, SEBD0640, Oil and Your
Engine

SOS Services

Special Publication, SEBD0518, Know Your

Cooling System

Special Publication, NEHP6013, SOS Fluids

Special Publication, SEBD0970, Coolant and Your

Engine

Special Publication, PEDP7035, Optimizing Oil

Fuels

Special Publication, PEDP7036, SOS Fluids

Engine Data Sheet, LEKQ4219, Fuel

Recommendations for Caterpillar Diesel Engines

Special Publication, SEBD0717, Diesel Fuels and

Your Engine

Greases
Data Sheet, NEHP6010, Cat Ultra 5Moly Grease
Special Instruction, NEHP6011, Arctic Platinum
Grease Spec Sheet

Data Sheet, NEHP6012, Cat Desert Gold Grease

Data Sheet, NEHP6015, Caterpillar Special
Purpose Grease

Special Publication, PEGJ0035, Grease Selection

Guide

Data Sheet, PEHP0002, Molybdenum Grease

Data Sheet

Analysis Products
Change Intervals

Analysis Cornerstone

Special Publication, PEHP7057, SOS Coolant

Analysis

Special Instruction, PEHP7058, SOS Trend

Analysis Module Data Sheet

Special Instruction, PEHP7076, Understanding

SOS Services Tests

Miscellaneous
Service Manual, SENR9910, C9 Acert Petrol
Engine

Special Publication, NEHS0526, Service

Technician Application Guide

Special Instruction, NENG2500, Caterpillar Dealer

Service Tool Catalog

Special Publication, PECP9067, One Safe

Source

106
Reference Information Section
Reference Materials

Special Publication, SEBF8029, Index of

Publications on Reusability or Salvage of Used

Parts

Special Publication, SEBF8062, Procedure to

Inspect and Clean Air Filters

Special Publication, SEBU5898, Cold Weather

Recommendations

Special Publication, SEBU6251, Caterpillar

Commercial Diesel Engine Fluids
Recommendations

Special Instruction, SEHS7332, Warning Tag - Do

Not Operate

Special Instruction, SEHS7633, Battery Test

Procedure

Special Instruction, SEHS9031, Storage

Procedure for Caterpillar Products

Specifications, SENR3130, Torque Specifications

Special Instruction, SMHS7001, Assembly of Fan
Drive Pulley Assemblies

Additional Reference Material

The Engine Fluids Data Book can be obtained from
the following locations: local technological society,
local library, and local college. If necessary, consult
EMA at the following address:
Engine Manufacturers Associaton
Two North LaSalle Street, Suite 2200
Chicago, IL, USA 60602
E-mail: [email protected]
Telephone: (312) 827-8700
Facsimile: (312) 827-8737
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
Specifications can be found in your SAE handbook.
This publication can also be obtained from the
following locations: local technological society, local
library, and local college. If necessary, consult SAE
at the following address:
SAE International
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale, PA, USA 15096-0001
Telephone: (724) 776-4841
The American Petroleum Institute Publication No.
1509 can be obtained from the following locations:
local technological society, local library, and local
college. If necessary, consult API at the following
address:

SEBU8570-01

American Petroleum Institute

1220 L St. N.W.
Washington, DC, USA 20005
Telephone: (202) 682-8000
The International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) offers information and customer service
regarding international standards and standardizing
activities. ISO can also supply information on the
following subjects that are not controlled by ISO:
national standards, local standards, regulations,
certification, and related activities. Consult the
member of ISO in your country.
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO)
1, rue de Varemb
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Genve 20
Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 749 01 11
Facsimile: +41 22 733 34 30
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: http://www.iso.ch
European classifications are established by the
Counseil International Des Machines a Combustion
(CIMAC) (International Council on Combustion
Engines).
CIMAC Central Secretariat
Lyoner Strasse 18
60528 Frankfurt
Germany
Telephone: +49 69 6603 1567
Facsimile: +49 69 6603 1566
i02797420

Warranty Information
SMCS Code: 1000
Engines are covered by a standard one year
warranty. The coverage of individual warranties may
be different due to the engine application and the
geographic location.
The warranty is shipped with other loose parts, or
with the Parts Manual, when the engine is shipped.

Engine Protection Plans

Extended Warranties and Service
Contracts
A wide variety of protection plans are available for
Caterpillar Engines. Consult your Caterpillar dealer
for detailed information on the specific programs and
coverages that are available.

SEBU8570-01

107
Reference Information Section
Reference Materials

Consult your Caterpillar dealer for information on a

plan that is tailored in order to fit your requirements.
i00912149

Maintenance Records
SMCS Code: 1000
Caterpillar Inc. recommends the retention of accurate
maintenance records. Accurate maintenance records
can be used for the following purposes:

Determine operating costs.

Establish maintenance schedules for other engines
that are operated in the same environment.

Show compliance with the required maintenance

practices and maintenance intervals.

Maintenance records can be used for a variety of

other business decisions that are related to engine
maintenance.
Maintenance records are a key element of a
maintenance program that is well managed. Accurate
maintenance records can help your Caterpillar dealer
to fine tune the recommended maintenance intervals
in order to meet the specific operating situation. This
should result in a lower engine operating cost.
Records should be kept for the following items:
Fuel Consumption A record of fuel consumption
is essential in order to determine when the load
sensitive components should be inspected or
repaired. Fuel consumption also determines overhaul
intervals.
Service Hours A record of service hours is
essential to determine when the speed sensitive
components should be inspected or repaired.
Documents These items should be easy to
obtain, and these items should be kept in the engine
history file. All of the documents should show this
information: date, service hours, fuel consumption,
unit number, and engine serial number. The following
types of documents should be kept as proof of
maintenance or repair for warranty:
Keep the following types of documents as proof of
maintenance for warranty. Also, keep these types of
documents as proof of repair for warranty:

Dealer work orders and itemized bills

Owner's repair costs
Owner's receipts

Maintenance log

108
Index Section

SEBU8570-01

Index
A
After Starting Engine .............................................
After Stopping Engine............................................
Air Compressor - Inspect (If Equipped) .................
Air Shutoff - Test (If Equipped) ..............................
Caterpillar Provided Controls .............................
OEM Controls ....................................................
Air Tank Moisture and Sediment - Drain (If
Equipped) ............................................................
ARD Spark Plug - Replace ....................................
Installing the Spark Plug ....................................
Removing the Spark Plug ..................................

48
53
65
65
65
66
66
64
64
64

B
Battery - Replace................................................... 66
Battery Disconnect Switch (If Equipped) ............... 31
Battery Electrolyte Level - Check .......................... 67
Battery or Battery Cable - Disconnect ................... 67
Before Starting Engine .................................... 15, 45
Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace............................... 67
Alternator Belt .................................................... 68
Drive Belt for the Air Compressor (If Equipped).. 68
Inspection........................................................... 67
Burn Prevention..................................................... 12
Batteries............................................................. 12
Coolant............................................................... 12
Oils..................................................................... 12
C
Cold Weather Operation........................................
Cold Weather Starting ...........................................
Ether Injection System .......................................
Cooling System Coolant (DEAC) - Change...........
Cooling Systems with Heavy Deposits or
Plugging ...........................................................
Drain ..................................................................
Fill ......................................................................
Flush ..................................................................
Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change..............
Drain ..................................................................
Fill ......................................................................
Flush ..................................................................
Cooling System Coolant Extender (ELC) - Add.....
Cooling System Coolant Level - Check .................
Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 1) Obtain ..................................................................
Cooling System Coolant Sample (Level 2) Obtain ..................................................................
Cooling System Supplemental Coolant Additive
(SCA) - Test/Add..................................................
Cooling Systems that Use Conventional
Coolant.............................................................
Cooling Systems that Use Water and SCA........

54
47
47
69
70
69
70
69
71
71
71
71
72
73
74
75
75
75
76

Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention ........ 14

Customer Assistance........................................... 103
Outside of the USA and of Canada.................. 103
USA and Canada ............................................. 103
Customer Service ................................................ 103
Cylinder Head Grounding Stud - Inspect/Clean/
Tighten................................................................. 76
D
Diagnostic Flash Code Retrieval ...........................
Diesel Particulate Filter - Clean .............................
Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration ...................
Modes of Regeneration......................................
Regeneration .....................................................
Regeneration Indicators.....................................
Regeneration Switch..........................................
Regeneration System Warning Indicators .........
Soot Level Monitoring ........................................
Types of Regeneration.......................................
Driven Equipment - Check.....................................

32
77
49
50
49
49
49
51
51
49
77

E
Electrical System ................................................... 16
Grounding Practices .......................................... 16
Emissions Warranty Information.......................... 100
Engaging the Driven Equipment............................ 52
Engine - Clean....................................................... 77
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) Clean/Replace ((Box Style) If Equipped) ............. 78
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Dual Element) Clean/Replace ((Canister Style) If Equipped)...... 77
Inspecting and Replacing the Secondary Air
Cleaner Element (If Equipped)......................... 77
Engine Air Cleaner Element (Single Element) Clean/Replace (Canister Style) ........................... 79
Cleaning the Air Cleaner Elements.................... 80
Servicing the Air Cleaner Elements ................... 79
Engine Air Cleaner Service Indicator - Inspect (If
Equipped) ............................................................ 81
Test the Service Indicator................................... 82
Engine Description ................................................ 21
Aftermarket Products and Caterpillar Engines... 22
Electronic Engine Features................................ 21
Engine Service Life ............................................ 22
Engine Specifications......................................... 21
Engine Diagnostics................................................ 32
Engine Electronics................................................. 17
Engine Identification .............................................. 24
Engine Mounts - Inspect........................................ 82
Engine Oil and Filter - Change .............................. 83
Drain the Engine Oil........................................... 84
Fill the Engine Crankcase .................................. 85
Replace the Oil Filter ......................................... 84
Selection of Oil Change Interval ........................ 83

SEBU8570-01

Engine Oil Level - Check ....................................... 82

Engine Oil Sample - Obtain ................................... 83
Obtain the Sample and the Analysis.................. 83
Engine Operation................................................... 49
Engine Rating Conditions .................................... 101
Engine Rating Definitions .................................... 101
Engine Ratings .................................................... 101
Engine Starting ................................................ 15, 45
Engine Stopping .............................................. 16, 53
Engine Storage Procedure - Check....................... 85
Engine Valve Lash - Inspect/Adjust ....................... 85
F
Features and Controls ........................................... 27
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention ............ 12
Ether .................................................................. 14
Fire Extinguisher ................................................ 14
Lines, Tubes and Hoses .................................... 14
Foreword ................................................................. 5
California Proposition 65 Warning ....................... 5
Literature Information........................................... 4
Maintenance ........................................................ 4
Maintenance Intervals.......................................... 4
Operation ............................................................. 4
Overhaul .............................................................. 4
Safety................................................................... 4
Fuel and the Effect from Cold Weather ................. 54
Fuel Conservation Practices.................................. 52
Fuel Priming Pump - Replace................................ 86
Fuel Related Components in Cold Weather .......... 55
Fuel Heaters ...................................................... 55
Fuel Tanks.......................................................... 55
Fuel System - Prime .............................................. 86
Key-on Priming (if equipped) ............................. 86
Manual Switch Priming (if equipped) ................. 86
Fuel System Primary Filter (Water Separator)
Element - Replace ............................................... 86
Replace the Element.......................................... 86
Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Separator Drain .................................................................... 87
Fuel System Secondary Filter - Replace ............... 88
Fuel Tank Water and Sediment - Drain ................. 88
Drain the Water and the Sediment..................... 88
Fuel Storage Tanks ............................................ 89
Fuel Tank ........................................................... 88
Fumes Disposal Filter Element - Replace (Open
Crankcase Ventilation (OCV) Filter)..................... 89
G
General Hazard Information .................................... 9
Asbestos Information .......................................... 11
Containing Fluid Spillage ................................... 10
Dispose of Waste Properly ................................ 12
Fluid Penetration................................................ 10
Lines, Tubes, and Hoses .................................... 11
Pressurized Air and Water ................................. 10

109
Index Section

H
Hoses and Clamps - Inspect/Replace ................... 90
Inspect the Hoses and the Clamps .................... 90
Replace the Hoses and the Clamps .................. 90
I
Important Safety Information ................................... 2
L
Lifting and Storage ................................................ 25
M
Maintenance Interval Schedule ............................. 63
Maintenance Recommendations ........................... 61
Maintenance Records.......................................... 107
Maintenance Section ............................................. 56
Manual Stop Procedure......................................... 53
Model View Illustrations......................................... 18
Model Views .......................................................... 18
Monitoring System................................................. 27
Indicators and Gauges....................................... 27
Mini Industrial Power Display (MIPD) ................ 29
Mounting and Dismounting.................................... 15
O
Operation Section.................................................. 25
Ordering Replacement Parts ............................... 104
Overhaul Considerations ....................................... 92
Oil Consumption as an Overhaul Indicator ........ 92
Overhaul Recommendation ............................... 93
P
Plate Locations and Film Locations.......................
Power Take-Off Clutch - Check/Adjust/Lubricate ..
Product Identification Information ..........................
Product Information Section ..................................
Product Lifting........................................................
Clean Emission Module Lifting...........................
Engine Lifting with a Fuel Tank ..........................
Product Storage.....................................................

23
95
23
18
25
25
25
26

R
Radiator - Clean .................................................... 96
Radiator Restrictions ............................................. 54
Reference Information Section ............................ 101

110
Index Section

Reference Material .............................................. 105

Additional Reference Material.......................... 106
Coolants........................................................... 105
Fuels ................................................................ 105
Greases ........................................................... 105
Lubricants ........................................................ 105
Miscellaneous .................................................. 105
SOS Services................................................. 105
Reference Materials ............................................ 105
Reference Numbers .............................................. 24
Record for Reference......................................... 24
Refill Capacities..................................................... 56
Refill Capacities and Recommendations............... 56
Coolant............................................................... 59
Diesel Engine Oil ............................................... 56
Diesel Fuel Recommendations .......................... 58
Lubricating Grease............................................. 58
S
Safety Messages ..................................................... 6
Safety Section ......................................................... 6
Self-Diagnostics..................................................... 32
Severe Service Application - Check ...................... 96
Improper Maintenance Procedures (Maintenance
Procedures Which May Contribute to a Severe
Service Application) ......................................... 97
Severe Environmental Factors........................... 96
Severe Operating Conditions............................. 96
Starting Motor - Inspect (If Equipped).................... 97
Electric Starting Motor........................................ 98
Removal and Installation of the Starting Motor .. 98
Starting the Engine ................................................ 45
Problems with the Wiring Harness..................... 46
Starting Problems .............................................. 46
Starting the Engine ............................................ 45
Starting with Jump Start Cables (Do Not Use This
Procedure in Hazardous Locations that have
Explosive Atmospheres) ...................................... 47
System Pressure Release ..................................... 61
Coolant System.................................................. 61
Engine Oil .......................................................... 61
Fuel System ....................................................... 61
T
Table of Contents..................................................... 3
W
Walk-Around Inspection ........................................ 98
Inspect the Engine for Leaks and for Loose
Connections ..................................................... 98
Warranty Information ................................... 100, 106
Engine Protection Plans................................... 106
Warranty Section ................................................. 100
Welding on Engines with Electronic Controls ........ 61

SEBU8570-01

Product and Dealer Information

Note: For product identification plate locations, see the section Product Identification Information in the Operation
and Maintenance Manual.
Delivery Date:

Product Information
Model:
Product Identification Number:
Engine Serial Number:
Transmission Serial Number:
Generator Serial Number:
Attachment Serial Numbers:
Attachment Information:
Customer Equipment Number:
Dealer Equipment Number:

Dealer Information
Name:

Branch:

Address:

Dealer Contact
Sales:
Parts:
Service:

Phone Number

Hours

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