Scribd
Upload
352 views

Managing Data in Different Time Zones

Uploaded by

Claudian Paduraru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
352 views

Managing Data in Different Time Zones

Uploaded by

Claudian Paduraru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

Managing Data in Different Time Zones

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to


use the following datetime functions:
CURRENT_DATE
TZ_OFFSET
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
FROM_TZ
LOCALTIMESTAMP
TO_TIMESTAMP
DBTIMEZONE
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
SESSIONTIMEZONE
TO_YMINTERVAL
EXTRACT

5-2

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Time Zones

+07:00

-08:00

+02:00

+10:00

-05:00

The image represents the time for


each time zone when Greenwich
time is 12:00.
5-3

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

TIME_ZONE Session Parameter

TIME_ZONE may be set to:

An absolute offset
Database time zone
OS local time zone
A named region

ALTER
ALTER
ALTER
ALTER

5-4

SESSION
SESSION
SESSION
SESSION

SET
SET
SET
SET

TIME_ZONE
TIME_ZONE
TIME_ZONE
TIME_ZONE

=
=
=
=

'-05:00';
dbtimezone;
local;
'America/New_York';

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
and LOCALTIMESTAMP

CURRENT_DATE
Returns the current date from the system
Has a data type of DATE

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
Returns the current timestamp from the system
Has a data type of TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE

LOCALTIMESTAMP
Returns the current timestamp from user session
Has a data type of TIMESTAMP

5-5

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

CURRENT_DATE
Display the current date and time in the sessions time
zone.
ALTER SESSION
SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-5:0';
SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE, CURRENT_DATE FROM DUAL;

ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-8:0';


SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE, CURRENT_DATE FROM DUAL;

5-6

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

Display the current date and fractional time in the


sessions time zone.
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-5:0';
SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
FROM DUAL;

ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-8:0';


SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
FROM DUAL;

5-7

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

LOCALTIMESTAMP

Display the current date and time in the sessions


time zone in a value of TIMESTAMP data type.
ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-5:0';
SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, LOCALTIMESTAMP
FROM DUAL;

ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = '-8:0';


SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, LOCALTIMESTAMP
FROM DUAL;

5-8

LOCALTIMESTAMP returns a TIMESTAMP value,


whereas CURRENT_TIMESTAMP returns a
TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE value.
Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

DBTIMEZONE and SESSIONTIMEZONE

Display the value of the database time zone.


SELECT DBTIMEZONE FROM DUAL;

Display the value of the sessions time zone.


SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE FROM DUAL;

5-9

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

TIMESTAMP Data Type

The TIMESTAMP data type is an extension of the


DATE data type.
It stores the year, month, and day of the DATE data
type, plus hour, minute, and second values,
as well as the fractional second value.
Variations in TIMESTAMP are:
TIMESTAMP

[(fractional_seconds_precision)]_

TIMESTAMP

[(fractional_seconds_precision)]_

WITH TIME ZONE


TIMESTAMP

[(fractional_seconds_precision)]_
WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE

5-10

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

TIMESTAMP Data Types

Data Type

5-11

Fields

TIMESTAMP

Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute,


Second with fractional seconds

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME


ZONE

Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute,


Second with fractional seconds,
TimeZone_Hour, and
TimeZone_Minute or
TimeZone_Region

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL


TIME ZONE

Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute,


Second with fractional seconds

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

TIMESTAMP Fields

5-12

Datetime Field

Valid Values

YEAR

4712 to 9999 (excluding year 0)

MONTH

01 to 12

DAY

01 to 31

HOUR

00 to 23

MINUTE

00 to 59

SECOND

00 to 59.9(N) where 9(N) is precision

TIMEZONE_HOUR

12 to 14

TIMEZONE_MINUTE

00 to 59

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Difference between DATE and TIMESTAMP


A

-- when hire_date is
of type DATE

ALTER TABLE emp5


MODIFY hire_date TIMESTAMP;

SELECT hire_date
FROM emp5;

SELECT hire_date
FROM emp5;

5-13

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE Data Type

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE is a variant of


TIMESTAMP that includes a time zone
displacement in its value.
The time zone displacement is the difference,
in hours and minutes, between local time and
UTC.
It is specified as:

TIMESTAMP[(fractional_seconds_precision)]
WITH TIME ZONE

5-14

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE: Example

CREATE TABLE web_orders


(ord_id number primary key,
order_date TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE);
INSERT INTO web_orders values
(ord_seq.nextval, current_date);
SELECT * FROM web_orders;

5-15

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIMEZONE

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE is another


variant of TIMESTAMP that includes a time zone
displacement in its value.
Data stored in the database is normalized to the
database time zone.
The time zone displacement is not stored as part
of the column data.
The Oracle database returns the data in the users
local session time zone.
The TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE data
type is specified as follows:

TIMESTAMP[(fractional_seconds_precision)]
WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE

5-16

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIMEZONE:


Example
CREATE TABLE shipping (delivery_time TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL
TIME ZONE);

INSERT INTO shipping VALUES(current_timestamp + 2);


SELECT * FROM shipping;

ALTER SESSION SET TIME_ZONE = 'EUROPE/LONDON';


SELECT * FROM shipping;

5-17

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

INTERVAL Data Types

INTERVAL data types are used to store the


difference between two datetime values.
There are two classes of intervals:
Year-month
Day-time

The precision of the interval is:


The actual subset of fields that constitutes an
interval
Specified in the interval qualifier

5-18

Data Type

Fields

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH

Year, Month

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND

Days, Hour, Minute, Second with


fractional seconds

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

INTERVAL Fields

5-20

INTERVAL Field

Valid Values for Interval

YEAR

Any positive or negative integer

MONTH

00 to 11

DAY

Any positive or negative integer

HOUR

00 to 23

MINUTE

00 to 59

SECOND

00 to 59.9(N) where 9(N) is precision

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH Data Type

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH stores a period of time


using the YEAR and MONTH datetime fields.
INTERVAL YEAR [(year_precision)] TO MONTH

For example:

'312-2' assigned to INTERVAL YEAR(3) TO MONTH


Indicates an interval of 312 years and 2 months
'312-0' assigned to INTERVAL YEAR(3) TO MONTH
Indicates 312 years and 0 months
'0-3' assigned to INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH

Indicates an interval of 3 months

5-21

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH: Example

CREATE TABLE warranty


(prod_id number, warranty_time INTERVAL YEAR(3) TO
MONTH);
INSERT INTO warranty VALUES (123, INTERVAL '8'
MONTH);

INSERT INTO warranty VALUES (155, INTERVAL '200'


YEAR(3));
INSERT INTO warranty VALUES (678, '200-11');
SELECT * FROM warranty;

5-22

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND Data Type


INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND
(fractional_seconds_precision)stores a period
of time in days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
INTERVAL DAY[(day_precision)] TO Second

For example:
INTERVAL '6 03:30:16' DAY TO SECOND
Indicates an interval of 6 days 3 hours 30 minutes
and 16 seconds
INTERVAL '6 00:00:00' DAY TO SECOND
Indicates an interval of 6 days and 0 hours,
minutes and 0 seconds

5-23

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND


Data Type: Example
CREATE TABLE lab
( exp_id number, test_time INTERVAL DAY(2) TO
SECOND);
INSERT INTO lab VALUES (100012, '90 00:00:00');

INSERT INTO lab VALUES (56098,


INTERVAL '6 03:30:16' DAY

TO SECOND);

SELECT * FROM lab;

5-24

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

EXTRACT

Display the YEAR component from the SYSDATE.


SELECT EXTRACT (YEAR FROM SYSDATE) FROM DUAL;

Display the MONTH component from the HIRE_DATE


for those employees whose MANAGER_ID is 100.
SELECT last_name, hire_date,
EXTRACT (MONTH FROM HIRE_DATE)
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id = 100;

5-25

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

TZ_OFFSET

Display the time zone offset for the time zone


'US/Eastern'.
SELECT TZ_OFFSET('US/Eastern') FROM DUAL;

Display the time zone offset for the time zone


'Canada/Yukon'.
SELECT TZ_OFFSET('Canada/Yukon') FROM DUAL;

Display the time zone offset for the time zone


'Europe/London'.
SELECT TZ_OFFSET('Europe/London') FROM DUAL;

5-26

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

TIMESTAMP Conversion Using FROM_TZ

Display the TIMESTAMP value '2000-03-28 08:00:00'


as a TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE value.
SELECT FROM_TZ(TIMESTAMP
'2000-03-28 08:00:00','3:00')
FROM DUAL;

Display the TIMESTAMP value '2000-03-28 08:00:00'


as a TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE value for the
time zone region 'Australia/North'.
SELECT FROM_TZ(TIMESTAMP
'2000-03-28 08:00:00', 'Australia/North')
FROM DUAL;

5-28

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Converting to TIMESTAMP Using


TO_TIMESTAMP and TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ

Display the character string '2000-12-01 11:00:00'


as a TIMESTAMP value.
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP ('2000-12-01 11:00:00',
'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS')
FROM DUAL;

Display the character string '1999-12-01 11:00:00 8:00' as a TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE value.
SELECT
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ('1999-12-01 11:00:00 -8:00',
'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TZH:TZM')
FROM DUAL;

5-29

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Time Interval Conversion with


TO_YMINTERVAL
Display a date that is one year, two months after the
hire date for the employees working in the department
with the DEPARTMENT_ID 20.
SELECT hire_date,
hire_date + TO_YMINTERVAL('01-02') AS
HIRE_DATE_YMININTERVAL
FROM
employees
WHERE department_id = 20;

5-30

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Using TO_DSINTERVAL: Example


TO_DSINTERVAL: Converts a character string to an
INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type
SELECT last_name,
TO_CHAR(hire_date, 'mm-dd-yy:hh:mi:ss') hire_date,
TO_CHAR(hire_date +
TO_DSINTERVAL('100 10:00:00'),
'mm-dd-yy:hh:mi:ss') hiredate2
FROM employees;

5-31

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Daylight Saving Time

First Sunday in April


Time jumps from 01:59:59 a.m. to 03:00:00 a.m.
Values from 02:00:00 a.m. to 02:59:59 a.m. are not
valid.

Last Sunday in October


Time jumps from 02:00:00 a.m. to 01:00:01 a.m.
Values from 01:00:01 a.m. to 02:00:00 a.m. are
ambiguous because they are visited twice.

5-32

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to use the


following functions:
CURRENT_DATE
TZ_OFFSET
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
FROM_TZ
LOCALTIMESTAMP
TO_TIMESTAMP
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ DBTIMEZONE
SESSIONTIMEZONE
TO_YMINTERVAL
EXTRACT

5-34

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Practice 5: Overview

This practice covers using the datetime functions.

5-35

Copyright 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

You might also like