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Apartheid Notes

Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination enforced through legislation by the South African government between 1948 and 1994. It divided the population into racial groups and granted rights and privileges based on skin color. Whites, who made up only 17% of the population, controlled the government and owned most of the land and wealth. Non-whites were denied political rights and access to opportunities in education, jobs, and housing. The system led to poverty and family separation for black South Africans, and growing resistance movements protested the injustices and inequalities of apartheid.

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2K views13 pages

Apartheid Notes

Apartheid was a system of racial segregation and discrimination enforced through legislation by the South African government between 1948 and 1994. It divided the population into racial groups and granted rights and privileges based on skin color. Whites, who made up only 17% of the population, controlled the government and owned most of the land and wealth. Non-whites were denied political rights and access to opportunities in education, jobs, and housing. The system led to poverty and family separation for black South Africans, and growing resistance movements protested the injustices and inequalities of apartheid.

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Apartheid Notes

Ethnic Groups in South Africa


Whites/Afrikaners (British and Dutch)
17% of population

Blacks (various African descent)


70% of population

Asian (mainly from India)


Mixed race groups

What is Apartheid?
Means apartness
Policy of all-white South African government
Separate, exploit and dominate various
nonwhite ethnic groups

Nationalist Party
Pro-apartheid
Won 1984 election
Made apartheid official policy

Apartheid Separation in South Africa


White Society
Wealth, luxury, highest standard of living,
attempted to recreate European society in S.
African cities and towns

Black Society
Poverty, daily struggle to feed family, denied
facilities and opportunities (education, housing,
and high-paying jobs)

Rights & Roles of Racial Categories


Whites
Controlled government, industry, agriculture,
education, the military and the press
Only 17% of population but owned 87% of land

Rights & Roles of Racial Categories


Asians and Mixed Race Groups
13% of population
Generally treated better than blacks but worse
than whites
Held skilled jobs and completed secondary
education
Eventually got right to vote for representatives in
their own assemblies
But could not live in white areas or use white
facilities

Rights & Roles of Racial Categories


Blacks
Could not vote, received little education
Held menial jobs in mining, agriculture, industry
or domestic service
Could not move around the country without pass
books
Identification documents given by government
declaring where each specific nonwhite could live

Discrimination & Segregation


Apartheid made marriage between races illegal
until 1980s
Blacks forced to live on reserves called
homelands
Poor land limited farming
Government built few facilities, such as factories,
modern roads, schools and hospitals

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Impact on Black Families


Most men left homelands to work in white areas
Forced to live apart from families for as long as 11
months of the year

Women who worked outside reserves worked as


domestic servants in white homes

Townships
Some black men illegally squatted in poor towns
outside of white cities instead of living in
reserves
These towns became centers for resistance
movements
African National Congress, Pan-African Congress,
Black Consciousness movement
Recruited blacks who were frustrated by racism of
apartheid

Protests
Apartheid government often reacted violently to
protests
Black South Africans resisted apartheid in mass
numbers and through many ways
Civil disobedience, strikes, boycotts and
nonviolent demonstrations

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