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Example 2 Finding A Limit: Solution Because F (X) 1 For All X Other Than X 2, You

1. This document discusses limits and various methods for evaluating limits, including: 2. Graphically and numerically finding limits by choosing x-values closer to c. Common behaviors that result in non-existent limits include the left and right limits not matching, and functions becoming unbounded or oscillating. 3. Techniques for evaluating indeterminate forms include dividing out common factors to find an equivalent function with a determinate limit, or rationalizing the numerator to put the limit in a form that can be directly evaluated.

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77 views

Example 2 Finding A Limit: Solution Because F (X) 1 For All X Other Than X 2, You

1. This document discusses limits and various methods for evaluating limits, including: 2. Graphically and numerically finding limits by choosing x-values closer to c. Common behaviors that result in non-existent limits include the left and right limits not matching, and functions becoming unbounded or oscillating. 3. Techniques for evaluating indeterminate forms include dividing out common factors to find an equivalent function with a determinate limit, or rationalizing the numerator to put the limit in a form that can be directly evaluated.

Uploaded by

peternguyen1762
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.2 - 1.

3 Limits
Informal Definition of a Limit: If f(x) becomes arbitrarily close to a single number L as x
approaches c from either side, the limit of f(x) as x approaches c is written as
( )
1.2 Finding Limits Graphically and Numerically
Example 2 Finding A Limit
Find the limit of f(x) as x approaches 2, where f is defined
as
( )

Solution Because f(x) = 1 for all x other than x=2, you


can conclude that the limit is 1, as shown in Figure 1.7.
So, you can write
( )
The fact that f(2) = 0 has no bearing on the existence or value of the limit as x approaches
2. For instance, if the function were defined as
( )

the limit would be the same.


***Emphasize that a limit is an approach and not an actual value.***

Limits that Fail to Exist


COMMON TYPES OF BEHAVIOR ASSOCIATED WITH NONEXISTENCE OF A
LIMIT
1. F(X) APPROACHES A DIFFERENT NUMBER FROM THE RIGHT SIDE OF C
THAN IT APPROACHES FROM THE LEFT SIDE.
2. f(x) increases or decreases without bound as x approaches c.
3. f(x) oscillates between two fixed values.

Example 3 Behavior That Differs from


the right and from the Left
Show that

| |

does not exist.

Example 4 Unbounded Behavior


Discuss the existence of the limit

Example 5 Oscillating Behavior


Discuss the existence of the limit

Solving Limits Numerically


Choose x values that approach c from the right and the left, getting arbitrarily closer to
approximate the limit.
Ex)
Complete the table:
x
3.9
f(x)

3.99

3.999

4.001

4.01

4.1

1.
2.
3.

Ex 1) Evaluate:

Theorem 1.5 The Limit of a Composite Function


( )
If f and g are functions such that
and
( ( ))
Ex 2) ( )

Solve:
=
=

( ))

( ) then

( )

( )
( ( ))
(
(

)
)

A Strategy for Finding Limits


1. Recognize which limits can be evaluated through direct substation (Theorems 1.1
through 1.5)
2. If direct substitution of the limit leads to indeterminate form (0/0), there are two
ways to rewrite the fraction so the new denominator is not a 0.
3. One way is to try to find a function g that agrees with f for all x other than x = c
(Choose g suck that the limit of g can be evaluated through direct substitution).
The g is achieved by dividing out like factors.
4. The other way is to rationalize the numerator and then solve for the limit.

Theorem 1.7 Functions That Agree At All But One Points


Let c be a real number and let f(x) = g(x) for all x c in an open interval containing c. If
the limit of g(x) as x approaches c exists, then the limit of f(x) also exists and
( )
( )
Ex 3) Dividing Out Technique

=?

Ex 4) Rationalizing Technique

*Rationalize Numerator by multiplying by its conjugate*

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