arizing Microsco ECLIPSE E400 POL Instructions‘Thank you for purchasing the Nikon products. ‘This instruction manual is written for the users of the Nikon Polarizing Microscope ECLIPSE E400 POL To ensure correct usage, read this manual carefully before operating the instrument «It is prohibited to reproduce or transmit this manual in part or whole without Nikon's expressed permission + The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice. + Some of the products described in this manual may not be included in the set you hhave purchased, ‘© Alihough every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this manual, if you note any points that are unclear or incorrect, contact your nearest Nikon representative. Warning/Caution Symbols Used in This Manual ———————— Although Nikon products are designed to provide you with the utmost safety during. use, incorrect usage or disregard of the instructions can cause personal injury or property damage, For your safety, read the instruction manual carefully and thoroughly before using the instrument. Do not discard this manual but keep it near the product for sy reference. In this manual, safety instructions are indicated with the symbols shown below. Be sure to follow the instructions indicated with these symbols to ensure correct and safe operation, Symbol Meaning A warnine — Dieeiding Insrutons ‘marked with this symbol may lead Caution Disteearding instructions marked with this symbol may lead to injury or property damage. Meaning of Symbols Used on the Equipment Symbol Meaning Caution frat Ths marking on the lamp cover calls your tention on the flowing # Lam cover becomes very hot during and immediately after the illumination. ‘© Risk of burns. Do not touch the lamp cover during and immediately after the illumination. * Make sure that the lamp cover is sufficiently cool before the lamp replacement,LD Xwarninc 1. Intended product use This microscope should only he used for microscopic observation. Do not use it for any other purpose. . Do not disassemble Disassembling may cause malfunction and/or electrical shock. Do not disassemble any parts other than those mentioned in this manual. If you notice any malfunction, notify your nearest Nikon representative, Input voltage ‘Make sure that the input voltage indicated on the back panel of the microscope is the same as your regional voltage. If not the same. do nol use the microscope; instead, notify your nearest Nikon representative immediately. If the microscope is used with the wrong input voltage, a short circuit or fire may result, causing the damage of the microscope. Power cord ‘To prevent electrical shock, always turn off the power switch (flip it to the "O” side) before connecting or disconnecting the power cord, Use only the following power supply cord set. Using the wrong power cord could result in damage or fire '* For 100-120V area UL Listed, detachable cord set, 3 conductor ‘grounding type SVT, No. 18 AWG rated at 125V. 7A minimum, the In ease of usin earth) wire For 220-240V area 3 pole power supply cord set, which must be approved according to EU/EN standards, Class I equipment should be connected to PE (protective earth) terminal In case of using the extension cord, use only the power supply cord with the PE (protective earth) wire, Heat from the light source ‘The lamp and the lamp cover become extremely hot. To avoid burns, do not touch the lamp cover while the lamp is lit or for thirty minutes after it has been turned off. Furthermore, in order to avoid the risk of fire, do not place fabric, paper or highly flammable materials such as gasoline, petroleum benzine, paint thinner or alcohol near the lamp cover while i is lit or for about thirty minutes after it has been turned off. ‘The back of the microscope also becomes hot during use. Although this is not a ‘malfunction, be careful not to touch the back of the microscope when it is hot -xtension cord, use only the power supply cord with the PE (protectiveLdorvrion 1, Only use the specified halogen lamp ‘The power supply unit in the microscope provides the power for the halogen lamp that serves as the microscope light source. This unit can supply power for a halogen lamp of up 10 6V-30W. The specified lamp must be used, otherwise, the microscope could be damaged. Specified lamp: 6V-30W halogen lamp (PHILIPS 5761) 2. Precautions for replacing the lamp To prevent burns, allow the lamp to cool for at least thirty minutes after turning off the power switch before replacing it. Furthermore, to prevent electrical shock and damage to the microscope. always turn off the power switch ({lip it to the “O" side) and unplug the power cord before replacing the lamp. ‘Afier replacing the lamp, be sure to attach the lamp cover securely, Never light the lamp without its cover. Do not wet the microscope Ifthe microscope gets wet, a short circuit may result that could damage it or make it extremely hot. If you accidentally spill a liquid on the microscope, immediately turn off the power switch (flip it to the “O” side) and unplug the power cord. Then use a dry cloth to wipe away the moisture. If any liquid gets inside the microscope, do not use it; instead, notify your nearest Nikon representative. Weak electromagnetic waves This microscope emits weak electromagnetic waves, The accuracy of any precision electronic equipment may be adversely affected if positioned 100 close. IF the microscope affects TV or radio reception, move the radio or TV further away from the microscope. Precautions for installation Be careful not to pinch your hands or fingers when installing the microscope ‘This microscope is a precision optical instrument, and using oF storing it under unsuitable conditions may damage it or may have an adverse effect on its accuracy. See “Installation location” on p.28 and always use the microscope in a suitable environment. Precautions for moving the microscope Securely hold the microscope by the base of the arm from the back Do not grasp the focus knobs, eyepiece tube, stage, ete. when carrying the microscope. This could cause the part to come off, resulting in damage to the microscope. Be careful not to hit the lamp cover against the other objects when lifting up or placing the microscope ‘This microscope is a precision optical instrument, so handle it carefully and do not subject itt a strong physical shock. (The accuracy of the objective in particular may be adversely affected by even a weak physical shock.)CONTENTS Warning/Caution Symbols Used in This Manual AS WARNING sevsssrssenniensennrnsin Q CAUTION .. TI Names of Component Parts and Operational Parts... EA microscopic Procedure..... El operation of Each Part a coil i ne Ee 14 . Rotation of the coarse and fine focus knobs and vertical movement of the stage ci 2. Adjusting the torque of the coarse focus knob. . 14 3. Coarse focus stopper : . Is Hd Trinocular eyepiece tube si accals 1. Optical path SelectiOM ..nsesemn 16 2. Vertieal tube adapter =a 16 3. Optical path selection lever clicking 16 1 Diopter aajustment. = 0 BB imerpupitary distance adjustment - 7 Bh Condenser somininnnsnnininininnnn 7 sen 18 1. Focusing and centering 18 2. Condenser aperture diaphragm 0m ——-- a) 3. Swing-out the top lens ofthe condenser a sens 20 B Field diaphragm BFitcrs.. EF Auio-photo switch (for photomicrograph) El Oil-immersion operation (using an oil-immersion type of objective) 21 BB Orientation of polarizing plates (Polarizer and Analyzer) ss 2 Hi Focusing and centering the Bertrand lens 23 BE PCL 190 & tint plate neenereeernieen zi ° re) BB Centering the objectives 24 Bl Circular graduated stage for polarizing microscope. zs 24 BB Use of optional accessories (Sold Separat 1. P-CS Sénarmont Compensator 2. P-CQ Quartz wedge 3. Attachable Mechanical Stage LB assembiy...... ‘Troubleshooting Tables .. TF care and maintenance Specifications and Standards...Names of Component Parts and Operational Parts Iv the microscope has not yet been assembled, see chapter “4. Assembly” first Binocular eyepiece tube Eyopicce Polarizing Dioptor intermediate tube adjustment ring Bertrand lens ccontering serew Analyzer slider P-CL 1/42 & tint plate Revolving nosepiece Specimen ofp Objective contering screws Substage Objective Condenser ons eri Condenser clamp screw _ | “ees Coarse torque adust ment ring (TORQUE) Cireular L graduated stage Brightness adjuster ‘Stage clamp screw (Lamp) 7 Polarizer (Beto of Bw conden ‘Auto-photo switch Orientation plate ‘Auto-photo voltage selection switch1, Names of Component Parts and Operational Parts Eyepiece tube Bertrand lens turret clamp screw Bertrand lens focus so Intermediate tube a = damp sorew ‘Condenser top lens sswing-out knob Condenser aperture scale Coarse focus stopper ———_— ting (GLAM) Condenser aperture {CLAMP) diaphragm ring . ‘Swing-out condenser Condenser centering screws Field lens Field diaphragm ring Tool holder Rating label (Note a hexane acewser ae we crteng eres) __Lamp cover AC input connector Power cordMicroscopic Procedure I procedure for microscopy is described below For details on each step, refer to the corresponding item in chapter “3. Operation of Each Part.” Ifthe microscope has not yet been assembled, See chapter “4. Assembly” first Turn on the power. (Flip the switch to the “| side.) Il Flip the switch to the "| side. AAs soon as the power comes on, the switch lights, Insert filters NCBI into the ‘optical path NCBI improves color reproduction. (p.20) Bi Adjust the brightness, ‘Auto-photo switch can be pressed. analyzer from the optical path, Bi Push in the | analyzer slider. Put the Bertrand lens turret in the ‘O” position to remove the | Berrand lens from the optical path i Tum the turret to the "O" position.2. Microscopic Procedure Move the 10x objective into the optical path. Rotate the revolving nosepiece “until the 10% objective clicks imo place. Set the specimen in plac with the EA oer tas facing up. Raise the condenser as high as it will go, Fully open the field diaphragm and condenser aperture diaphragm. ee ee ake objective. Di Raise the condenser. 1 Fully open the fad diaphragm, +Loosen the coarse focus stopper ring. Rotate it in the direction opposite the arrow on the base as far a it will go. (p-15) Set the optical path to 100% of the binocular eyepiece when using the trinocular eyepiece tube. (p.16) ‘Turn the diopter adjustment ring of eyepiece (contai — BM Loosen the coarse focus stopper.Adjust the diopter of the left piece. (p.17) Adjust the imerpupilary distance LE 3.17) 16 Center the objective. (p24) bs) Focus and center the condenser. (p.18) 2. Microscopic Procedure DD Aciust the BB Adjust the interpupilary distance. i Focus the condenser. Center the condenser.” +f | Fi Switch to any desired objective BEE) ndtv an sacuae Rojate the revolving nosepiece to its click-stop position. ‘In the case of using an oil- immersion objective, apply oil while being careful that air bubbles do not form between the end of the objective and the specimen, Manipulate the coarse focus knob (or fine focus knob to re-focus on the specimen, BI Readjust the focus. (Close the field diaphragm so that it just outside the field of view. Adjust the condenser $20) aperture diaphragm. Close the condenser aperture diaphragm to about 70 ~ 80% of the numerical aperture of the © objective. (p.19) BB Adjust the field diaphragm, ‘This completes the procedure for microscopy for normal observation. Refer to the following for details regarding the microscopy procedures for “Orthoscopic Observation” and “Conoscopic Observation 122. Microscopic Procedure “1 Orthoscopic Observation/Conoscopic Observation ua i ‘The settings of each part in orthoscopic microscopy and conoscopic microscopy are summarized below. 's along with the microscopy procedure, If Orthoscopic Observation ‘+ In this method, the specimen is observed with the polarizer and analyzer placed in the ‘optical path ‘© Operation Pull out the analyzer slider and move the analyzer into the optical path ‘+ In this case. the shape of the specimen is visible (direction of optical axis) and the optical properties relative to the direction of the thi observed. sss of the specimen can be The following provides an explanation of the characteristic observation method of polarizing micros refer to the previous section and complete normal mi mal microscopy has not yet been completed ascopy. Conoscopic Observation ‘+ In this method. in addition to the polarizer and analyzer, the Bertrand lens is also moved into the optical path when observing a specimen ‘+ Operation Move the analy er into the optical path, and place the Bertrand lens turret of the termediate tbe in position “B™ to move the Bertrand lens into the optical path. (Refer to 1.23 for details regarding the focusing procedure.) Place the P-CL 1/42. & tin plate in the hollow position. Use an obj Analyzer and Bertrand lens in the optical path having a Jarge numerical aperture (high ‘magnification: normally 40 or higher). Specimens can be observed from various angles with diascopic light in the form of a single image. Differing from orthoscopic observation, however, the shape of the specimen itself is not visible with this observation, ‘Orhescopie Observation I Conessopie Observation Ge | Toavestante the vibration direction and bueirngence | To Ustingish between uniaxial and basal Purpose of | of observation ight by observing the extinction and” | properties and observe the o fnterference color duc to the specimen find oplical characteristics Toplens of | 10x or higher iN the condenser [ax or lower OUT y Bertrand lens ‘OUT (Turret position: O) 1 IN (Turret position: B) pene | 10s ornigter | 7, 80% of mame aT sid he ican the Siaphragm | Saal comoscopi Field of view (or fully opened) Field 1 Oe nee 9% | circumscribed the circumference ofthe diaphragm a tthossopi Held of view” aorlower ally opened 13LB Coarse and fine focus knobs Operation of Each Part 1. Rotation of the coarse and fine focus knobs and vertical movement of the stage Rotating the fine focus knob one step moves the stage 1 um. Rotating the fine focus knob one complete tum moves: the stage 0.1 mm, Rotating the coarse focus knob one complete turn moves the staze 12 mm, ‘The coarse/fine focus stroke (range of vertical motion) for the stage is 2 mm up and 28 mm down from the reference (focused) position Never attempt either of the following actions. These actions will damage the microscope. ‘* Rotating the left and right knobs in opposite directions at the same time. * Continuing to rotate the coarse focus knob after the stage has reached the limit of its motion. Adjusting the torque of the coarse focus knob Iis possible to adjust the torque of the coarse focus. knob, ‘To increase the torque, tur the torque adjustment ring (TORQUE) located behind the coarse focus knob inthe | direction of the arrow on the microscope base (i... the counter-clockwise direction). To reduce the torque, turn the ring in the direction opposite to the arrow (i.e. the clockwise direction). To increase the torque 143. Operation of Each Part HE 3. Coarse focus stopper Clamp the coarse focus stopper Purpose of the coarse focus stopper The coarse focus stopper marks the stage position at which the specimen is in focus by restricting the movement of the coarse focus knob. (Movement of the stage by the fine focus knob is not restricted.) Once the coarse focus stopper has been clamped in position, the coarse focus knob cannot be used 10 move the stage any higher. In effect. once the coarse focus knob has been clamped in place at the focus position, a rough focus can be attained the next time simply by turning the coarse focus knob as far as it will go. This feature is convenient when viewing similar specimens one after another: Using the coarse focus stopper With the specimen in focus, turn the coarse focus stopper ring as far as it will go in the direction ‘of the arrow on the base of the microscope (about 3/4 revolution), ‘The coarse focus stopper is now clamped in position When changing the specimen, lower the stage by turning only the course focus knob, After changing the specimen, gently raise the stage by turning only the coarse focus knob as far as it will go, ‘The specimen should be roughly in focus when the stage has been raised as far as it will go: use the fine focus knob to bring the specimen into perfect focus. Ifthe coarse focus stopper is not being used, be sure to (urn the course focus stopper ring in the jon opposite to the arrow on the microscope base as far as it will go. 15V4 Trinocular eyepiece tube 1. Optical path selection ‘The optical path selection lever ean be used to select the way to divide the amount of light between the binocular part and the vertical tube. Light proportion Lever binocular "vertical position part tube 100: 0 20: 80 ° 100 § 2. Vertical tube adapter A photomicrographic vertical tube adapter is provided as standard equipment that allows a photomicrographic equipment to be installed. To install the adapter, insert it into the vertical tube and clamp three screws with the provided screwdriver. Replace this adapter with the optional TV vertical tuhe adapter when using a TV camera, 3. Optical path selection lever clicking ‘There isa switch identified by “NO CLICK” on the bottom surface of the eyepiece tube. Turn the switeh in — the direction of the arrow with the hexagonal screwdriver provided to disengage the clicking action of the optical path selection lever. Disengaging the clicking action minimizes small vibrations produced by ‘operating the lever.3. Operation of Each Part Diopter adjustment ‘The diopter difference between both eyes is adjusted by adjusting the diopter. In the case of a polarizing microscope, since an eyepiece containing crosshairs is used! for the right eye, the procedure for adjusting the diopter differs from that of an ordinary microscope. To begin with, turn the diopter adjustment ring on the right eyepiece to bring the crosshairs in the eyepiece into focus ‘TI. Next, focus on a specimen on the stage whi viewing with the right eye, and then turn the diopter adjustment ring on the left eyepiece [2] and bring the specimen into focus a Interpupillary distance adjustment Before adjusting the interpupillary distance, perform steps Hl to HJ in chapter “2 Microscopic Procedure” so that the specimen is in focus with the 10x objective. Adjust the interpupillary distance so that the view field for each eye is at the same position on the specimen. Doing so will make observation through the binocular eyepiece with both eyes easier. 7EW Condenser Image of field diaphragm Eyepiece view field “Eyepiece view field Focus and center the condenser so that te light passing through the condenser forms the image the correct position on the specimen (i.¢., at the center of the optical path). Before focusing and centering the condenser, perform steps to Bin chapter “2 Microscopic Procedure” so thatthe specimen isin focus with the 10 objective ‘Close the field diaphragm to its minimum setting. Tur the condenser focus knob so that the image of the field diaphragm is formed on the specimen, ‘3 Make rough adjustments with the condenser centering serews so that the image of the fc diaphragm appears atthe center of the eyepiece view field, 4 Move the 40x objective into the optical path. Turn the fine focus knob to focus on the specimen 5 Turn the condenser focus knob so that the image of the field diaphragm is formed on the specimen 6 Adjust the condenser centering screws so that the image of the field diaphragm appears at the center of the eyepiece view field, ‘This adjustment is easier to make if you adjust the size of the field diaphragm to be slightly smaller than the eyepiece view ficld. wo 183. Operation of Each Part (9M 2. Condenser aperture diaphragm Numerical Aperture —— 40x65) “3 cons woes sn 0.65 x 0.7 ~ 0.8 = 0.455 ~ 0.52 Orthoscopic Microscopy The aperture diaphragm is important because itis related to the resolution, contrast, depth of focus : and brightness of the optical image. ‘Turning the condenser aperture diaphragm ring changes the size of the aperture diaphragm, As the aperture diaphragm is stopped down, resolution and brightness are reduced while contrast and depth of focus are increased. Conversely. as the aperture diaphragm is opened. resolution and. brighiness are increased while contrast and depth of focus are reduced. It is not possible 1 ‘one pair of characteristics without affecting the other. Generally. a satisfactory image with appropriate contrast can be obtained with an aperture setting that is 70% to 80% of the numerical aperture of the objective. The numerical aperture is indicated on the barrel of each objective. An indication of 40+/0.65 means that the magnification is 40 and the numerical aperture is, ou If the aperture diaphragm is stopped down too far, the resolution is reduced: therefore, except when viewing a nearly transparent specimen, we do not recommend stopping down the aperture to less than 60% of the numerical aperture of the objective, ‘Adjusting the size of the aperture diaphragm according to the condenser scale Since the condenser scale indicates the numerical aperture, adjust the aperture diaphragm ring according to the scale, (Normally, the index on the aperture diaphragm ring should be aligned with the scale line corresponding to 70% to 80% of the numerical aperture of the objective.) Adjusting the size of the aperture diaphragm using the Bertrand lens Insert the Bertrand lens into the optical path (by placing in position “B"). Turn the diaphragm control ring to stop down the aperture diaphragm to its minimum setting. Turn the Bertrand lens focus ring to focus on the aperture diaphragm. Turn the diaphragm control ring to adjust the aperture diaphragm. (This is normally adjusted to 70-80% of the field of view.) Conoscopic Microscopy In the case of conoscopic microscopy. the condenser aperture diaphragm functions asa field diaphragm on the conoscopic image surface. Stop down the diaphragm until it circumscribes the circumference of te field of view ofthe conoscopic image (pupil of the objective). 19. Swing-out the top lens of the condenser ‘The top lens of the swing-out condenser can be moved ‘outside the optical path with the swing-out knob. During normal orthoscopic microscopy oF conoscopic microscopy, the top lens is used while positioned in the optical path. During orthoscopie microscopy using a low-power objective of 4x of lower, swing out the top lens. During measurement of retardation or evaluation by, interference color, swing out the top Jens (the condenser aperture diaphragm may be stopped down) and illuminate with light that is as parallel to the optical axis as possible. Field diaphragm “The field diaphragm restricts illumination to the area on the specimen being viewed. ‘Turing| field diaphragm ring changes the size of the field diaphragm, For normal observation. the size. the diaphragm should be slightly larger than the boundary of the view field, If broader area necessary is illuminated, stray light will enter the view field, creating flaring and reducing the ‘contrast of the optical image. ‘The correct setting of the field diaphragm is especially important photomicrography; generally, good results are obtained by stopping down the field diaphragm just slightly larger than the area that will be reproduced on the film, jc. the size of the photo frame, iters ‘Two filters are available as accessories for this microscope. Place the filter on the field lens to improve color reproduction or to adjust the brightness. NCBI (edlor balancing filter) | For color balance adjustment and color photomicrograph ND16 (transmission rate: 6%) _ | For brightness adjustment or retardation measurement and contrast adjustment GENOptenel, (Place on the field lens.) 203. Operation of Each Part 8 | Auto-photo switch (for photomicrography) a ‘The color temperature of the lamp varies according to the voltage. Ifthe voltage is high, the eolor temperature of the lamp inereases and the light becomes bluer. If the voltage is low, the color temperature of the lamp decreases and the light becomes redder. ‘Therefore, to obtain the best color reproduction in color photomicrography, itis necessary for the lamp voltage to be kept constant. When using daylight-type color film, the usual setup is to use the color balancing filter (NCBI) and set to the standard lamp voltage ‘The auto-photo switch is used to automatically set th color film shot with the auto-photo switch on are red the auto-photo voltage selection switch. ‘The standard position for the auto-photo voltage selection switch with four levels is the second index dot from the innermost. Sliding the switch forward increases the bluish tint of the Tight, while sliding the switel towards the back increases, the reddish tint of the light, Use commercially available color compensation filters (CC filters) if this adjustment does not resolve the problem. standard lamp volage. Ifthe images on or bluish, finely adjust the voltage with (using an oil-immersion type of objective) An objective marked “Oit” isan oil-immersion type. ‘Theve objectives are used with the immersion ol applied between the specimen and the tip ofthe objective. The immersion oil is provided for the microscope. Bubbles in the oil will adversely affect the viewing of the image, so be careful to prevent the formation of air bubbles. ‘To check tor air bubbles. remove the eyepieces, fully open the field and aperture diaphragms, and look at the exit pupil of the objective within the eyepiece tube, (The exit pupil will appear as a bright circle.) When itis difficult to see if there are any bubbles, mount a centering telescope (sold separately) on the eyepiece sleeve with an adapter (sold separately). Then, while turning the eyepiece on the centering telescope to change the focus, Jook through the centering telescope for air bubbles. If there are bubbles in the oil, remove them by one of the following method ‘ Turn the revolving nosepiece slightly. moving the oil-immersed objective back and forth once or twiee. # Add more oil ‘* Remove the oil and replace it with new oil Use as litte oil as possible Gust enough to fill the space between the tip of the objective and the specimen). If too much oil is applied, the excess will flow onto the staze. 24‘Any oil remaining on an oil-immersion type of objective or staining on the tip of a dry type of objective has a negative effect on viewing. After using oil, wipe all of it away and make sure there is no oil on the tips of the other objectives. Use petroleum benzine to wipe away immersion oil, Removing the oil and wiping with absolu aleohol (ethyl alcohol or methyl aleohol) will complete cleaning. If you cannot obtain petroleum benzine, use methyl alcohol. Note that methyl alcohol does not ‘clean as well as petroleum benzine and it will be necessary to repeatedly wipe the surfaces (t four times is usually sufficient to clean the lenses.) WARNING When using petroleum benzine or absolute alcohol, instructions provided by the manufacturer. Keep these flammable liquids away from fire or sparks. ‘ing plates (Polarizer and Analyzer) Push in the analyzer knob and move the analyzer out of the optical path. Focus on the specimen. Pull out the analyzer knob and move the analyzer into the optical path. ‘Turn the analyzer rotation ring and align at the "0" position on the analyzer scale, Insert the polarizer beneath the condenser. Move the specimen out of the optical path. Move the Bertrand lens into the optical path. ‘The pupil of the objective will then be through the eyepiece. Turn the polarizer and adjust so that the dark cross image appears the pupil as shown in the figure in the conoscopic observation. This is so-called crossed directions of the polarizer and analyzer coincide with those of the microscope base (the polarizer is in the X direction: P Nousens Nicols position, whe! ‘orientation plate on the top o the analyzer is in the Y direction: A) IU should be noted that the X direction is explained as that of the analyzer and Y direction that of the polarizer in some commercially available technical manuals and reference books. LS canton pate — Polarizer3. Operation of Each Part ‘The analyzer can be rotated by first loosening the analyzer clamp screw [1] and then turning the rotation dial 2). The angle of rotation can be read to 0.1 degrees over a range of 0-360 degrees with the “The analyzer ean be moved out of the optical path by pushing in the analyzer ctidet [3]. Alhtiough the analyzer is designed, as a standard, to be inserted from the right relative to the intermediate tube, it can also be inserted from the left. In this case, it may be somewhat difficult to read the angle of rotation since the readings on the scale, etc. are backward Since the intermediate tube contains a built-in depolarizer, itis not necessary to be concerned about the relationship between the orientation of the polarizing plate and photomicrographic devices Focusing and centering the Bertrand lens ‘When changing the objectives, turn the Bertrand lens. Bertrand lens focus ring under the Bertrand lens turret of the centering screws intermediate tube and focus the Bertrand lens. ‘Centering the Bertrand lens is performed with two centering serews. ‘The centering procedus same as that for the condenser except that the condenser aperture diaphragm image is used instead of the field diaphragm imag P-CL 1/4). & tint plate ‘The P-CL 1/42. & tint plate has a hole in the center. By pushing it into the slot, the sensitive tint plate (330 nm) is brought into the optical path. Pulling it out brings the 1/4) plate into the opti path. This plate is used for recognition of very weak birefringence and the determination of X’ and Y° of the specimen, 233 Centering the objectives Before centering the objectives, focus on a specimen using the 10x objective. Tools Used: Centering tools x 2 (provided) (when not in use, place them in the tool hold the back of the microscope stand). Bring an appropriate target such as granules that can be easily used as a marker in the specimen to the center of the crosshairs of the eyepiece. Insert the centering tools into the ng screws on the nosepiece Rotate the stage about 180°. Move the objective using the centering tools so that the ce of the crosshairs moves by one-half the amount of movement of the target nen and bring the target to the center of the crosshairs. procedure several times. Carry out this centering procedure for each object Stage rotation 16s Loosening the stage rotation clamp screw can rotate Ceo the stage. The angle of rotation can be read to 0.1 degrees from the two vernier scales, 243. Operation of Each Part B Use of optional accessories (Sold Separately) 1 1. P-CS Sénarmont Compensator |The P-CS Sénarmont compensator is used by inserting — into the stot ofthe intermediate tube in place ofthe DORA eu P-CL 1/4A & tint plate. Ry % Trean be used to measure retardation up to 12. according to the following procedure, Iis normal to bring the top lens of the condenser into the optical path when observing at a magnification of 10 or greater, Measuring the retardation or evaluating by interference color, however, stop down the condenser aperture diaphragm or swing out the top lens even for a magnification of 10x or higher (with the aperture diaphragm fully opened), and illuminate with light that is as parallel to the optical axis as possible 1 Determination of Extinction Position Rotate the stage with the specimen under the crossed Nicols to find the direction where the «1 of the specimen to be measured appears darkest. Rotate the stage 45° from the extinction position to the diagonal position. Insert the P-CL 1/42, & tint plate into the optical path and confirm that the interference color of the section ference of the specimen to be measured changes toward the lower order side. If thei rotate the stage another 90° higher order side color changes toward U 3. Measurement Place the GIF filter on the field leas and replace the P-CL 1/42. & tint plate with the P-CS. Sénarmont compensator. Rotate the analyzer so that the section of the specimen to be measured becomes darkest, When the rotation angle of the analyzer at that time is taken to be theta (0) degrees, then retardation (R) (nm) is determined with the following formula: =—© i. @: wavelength used Rafa length used) The value of 7. when using the GIF filter is 546 nm, | 2. Determination of Subtraction Position 25WH 2. P-CO Quartz wedge The P-CQ quartz wedge is used by inserting it into the 26 slot of tint plate. The quartz wedge is engraved with and can be used for rough 1 the range of 12-63. mediate tube in place of the P-CL 1/42. & In is normal to bring the top lens of the condenser into the optical path when observing at a ‘magnification of 10x or greater. Measuring the retardati ing by interference color, however. swing out the top lens even for a magnification of 10x stop down the condenser aperture diaphragm or higher (with the aperture diaphragm fully opened), and illuminate with light that is as parallel to the optical axis as possible. ination of Extinction Position Rotate the st part of the spe. with the specimen under the crossed Nicols to find the direction where imen to be measured appears darkest 2. Determination of Subtraction Position Rotate the stage 45° from the extinetion position to the diagonal position (direction whe the specimen appears brightest). Insert the P-CQ quartz wedge into the slot of the 1d confirm that the interference color of the section of the specimen measured changes toward the lower order side. If the interference color changes toward higher order side, rotate the stage another 90° 3 Measurement Move the section of the specimen to be measured to the center of the crosshairs of the eyepiece. Next, slide the P-CQ quartz wed; and observe shat the interference color jwentially changes. Stop sliding the quartz wedge where the dark stripe covers the section of the specimen to be measured. Reading the value from the quartz wedge scale at that time can make a rough measurement of retardation, Retardation can be measured even more the P-CS Sénarmont compensator in combination with the P-CQ quartz3. Operation of Each Part Oe Clamp screw Attachable Mechani The attachable mechanical stage is installed by inserting the two pins on the bottom into the two pinholes on the ace. Tighten the clamp serew using the sonal wrench, Positioning pins, stage su supplied hexa arTo prevent electrical shock or fire, urn off the power switeh (flip itt the “O side) during assembly. rm Assembly aX WARNING CAUTION | « Be careful not to pinch your hands or fingers when setting up the microscope. \ ‘© Viewing will be adversely affected if any of the lenses is scratched or has Fingerprints on it, Handle the lenses carefully during assembly ‘* This microscope is a precision optical instrument. Handle it carefully and do ‘not subject it to a strong physical shock. (The accuracy of the objectives in particular may be adversely affected by even a weak physical shock.) Assemble each part in sequence as numbered in the diagram, (For details refer to pages 29 t0 33.) Tools needed ‘* A hexagonal screwdriver (provided with the microscope) 1.3mm When not using, place it in the tool holder in the back of the microscope. Installation location This product is precision optical instrument, and using or stort ie conditions may damage it or may have an adverse effect on its accuracy, ‘The following Conditions should be kept in mind when selecting the installation location + Avoid installing the microscope ina brightly lit location such asa room that receives direct sunlight or directly under room lights. The quality of the view through the microscope a nbient light «Install the microscope in a location that is free from dust or dirt «Install the microscope on a flat surface with litle vibration, «Install the microscope on a sturdy desk oF table that is able o bear the weight of the instrument eriorates if there is excessive * Do not install the microscope in & warm, humid location (environmental temperature: 40°C or higher and relative humidity: 60% or more). 284. Assembly |1. Confirming the input volt2e WARNING Make sure that the input voltage indicated on the back panel of the microscope is the same as the voltage provided in your area. If the indicated voltage is different, do not use the microscope and notify your nearest Nikon f representative immediately. If the microscope is used with the wrong input voltage, a short circuit, electrical shock or fire may result, causing damage 10 the microscope. 2. Lamp replace CAUTION ‘To prevent elecirical shock power switeh (flip it to the attaching or removing the lamp. «= To prevent burns, allow the lamp and lamp cover to cool before replacing it for at least 30 minutes after using, + Use a 6V-30W halogen lamp (PHILIPS 5761). ‘+ Do not touch the glass surface of the lamp with your bare hands, Doing so will cause fingerprints, grease, etc.,.0 burn onto the lamp surface, reducing the illumination provided by the lamp. If you do get any fingerprints or dirt ‘on the lamp, wipe it clean + After replacing the lamp, make sure that the lamp cover is attached securely. Never light the lamp while its cover is off J damage to the microscope, always mn off the ide) and unplug the power cord when - 41 Check that the power switeh is off (ie. that itis Aipped to the “O” side), 2 Remove the lamp cover while pressing the buttons ‘on both sides of the lamp cover 3 Push the lamp into the socket pin holes as far as it : ‘will go, (Do not touch the glass portion of the lamp with your bare hands.) 4 Attach the cover securely.ms. » 4, Assembly Beye 8800 ee eT 1 Stage Loosen the stage clamp serew. Place the stage on top of the substage and fit it in position so that itis le |. Tighten the clamp screw with the stage clamp screw facing to the front l 2 Specimen clip Insert the specimen clips into the holes on the stage surface P ip 2 3. Condenser Turn the condenser focus knob 10 lower the condenser holder as far as it will zo. rt the condenser in the condenser holder. Tighten the clamp serew on the left side with erture scale on the co ‘Turn the condenser focus knob to raise the condenser as far as it will go. Insert the polarize into the bottom of the condenser. Oe: a Lower the stage completely. Screw the objective into the revolving nosepiece so that the ‘magnification increases when the nosepiece is rotated in the clockwise direetion when looking ‘on the nosepiece from above. dow Note on removing objectives If there is « specimen on the stage, remove it first. Lower the stage completely, and hold each objective in both hands so that they do not fall when you remove them. Intermediate tLe Completely loosen the intermediate tube clamp screw on the mi 0. Fit the circular roscope dovetail of the intermediate tube into the circular dovetail groove of the microscope arm by tilting it atan angle. When fitting, insert the positioning pin on the intermediate tube in the ree soove on the arm, Lock it in position by tightening the clamp screw E Remove any looseness between the positioning pin and groove by pushing in the imvermediate tube while rotating inthe clockwise direction 31(IM 6. Eyepiece tube 2sserb ly 1 Eyepiece Tube oe Completely loosen the eyepiece tube clamp screw on the i hexagonal screwdriver. Fit the circular dovetail of the eyepiece tube into the cireular dovetail groove of the intermediate tube by tilt When fitting. insert the ‘whe in the receiving groove on the intermediate tube. Lock Jiate tube with the at an a : positioning pin on the eyepi i itn position by tightening > | Remove any loose: i octet 2 Eyepieces Attach eyepieces of the same magnification, Attach the eyepiece containing crosshairs on the right side so as to be viewed with the right eye. ‘The sleeve has a positioning pins. Insert the eyepieces by aligning the grooves of the eyepiece with the position eyepiece tube sleeve. Insert the rubber eyegard (sold separately) so that they Erooves around the outside of the eyepieces sss between the positioning pin and groove by pushing in the eyepiece n the clockwise direction. 7. Power cord WARNING Use only the following power supply cord set © For 100-120V area UL Listed, detachable cord set, 3 conductor grok type SVT, AWG rated at 125V, 7A minimum. In case of using the extension cord, use only the power supply cord with the PE (protective earth) wire. For 220-240V area 3 pole power supply cord set, which must be approved according to EU/EN standards, Class I equipment should be connected to PE (protective earth) terminal In case of using the extension cord, use only the power supply cord with the PE (protective earth) wire. Make sure to turn off the microscope power switeh (flip it to the power cord. Plug the cord into the socket of the AC input connector on the back oft he other end of the cord into an AC outlet. side) before connecting the rroseope. Securely Il Covering the tapped holes with protective stickers The four tapped holes on the upper surface of the microscope arm are for mounting accessories, such as Epi-fluorescence attachment, etc. When not used, cover the tapped holes with the provided protective stickers 324. Assembly ‘YH installing separately sold accessories es Install photomicr iphic equipment and other separately sold accessories by referring to the instruction manual for each accessoryTroubleshooting Tables Improper use of the microscope may adversely affect the performance even if itis not damaged. If any of the problems listed in the table below occur, follow the Viewing and control systems Problem Cause Countermeasure Vignetting or uneven brightness in the view field the entire view field cannot be seen, “The optical path selection lever on the twinocular eyepieve tube isin an intermediate position Set the optical path selection ever to 100% othe binocular eyepiece. “The optical path selection ever on the trinocular eyepiece tube is not set to 100% ‘of the binocular eyepiece. ‘The revolving nosepiece has not been rotated until i has clicked into place (The objective is notin the optical path.) (P16) “Turn the revolving nosepicce until it clicks into place. (Place the objective in the optical path.) (p12) ‘The condenser is too low. Position the condenser so that the image of the field diaphragm forms properly on the specimen, (pls) “The condenser is not centered. (Center the condenser. (pls) ‘The condenser is not installed properly. | Install the condenser correctly. (p31) ‘The filter isnot in the right place. hace the filter correctly on the field lens. (p20) ‘The field diaphragm is stopped down too far. (Open the diaphragm to a suitable size (p20) The lamp is aot installed properly Install the lamp correctly (p30) “The Beriand lens i im the optical path Move out of the optical path “The top lens ofthe swing-out condenser {snot positioned properly Correctly push in all the way ‘The P-CL. P-CS or P.CQ plate is nat inserted correctly Position correctly Dirt or dust in the view field. “The condenser is too low. “The aperture diaphragm is stopped down too far. Position the condenser so that the im of the field diaphragm forms properly ‘om the specimen. (p18) (Open the diaphragm to a suitable size (p19) There is dirt or dust on the lens, condenser. eyepiece. filter or specimen, Clean the components (p38)5. Troubleshooting Tables Cause Viewing is poor (too much (too litle contrast, poor resolution) ‘The aperture diaphragm is stopped dawn to far. ‘The condenser is 100 low, Countermeasure ‘Open the diaphragm to a suitable size (19) Position the condenser so that the image ‘of the field diaphragm forms properly on the specimen, (7.18) The cover slass is too thick. The no cover ghass, Use the specified type of cover glass (thickness: 0.17 mm, ‘There is no oil on the tip of an oil= immersion type of objective ype of objective. Apply Nikon immersion oil. (p21) ‘The specified immersion ol is not bel used. ‘There are bubbles inthe immersion oil. | Remove the bubbles, (p21) Thee is immersion om be tp of | 0s componeas ‘aeari ‘The compensation ring on an objective fitted with « compensation ring has not been adjusted, Adjust the compensation ring according tw the cover glass, ‘There is dirt or dust on the lens. condenser, objective or specimen Clean the components, (p38) A specimen with a cover glass is being jobscrved with an objective For observing specimens without a cover glass. Use an objective that allows observation ‘of specimens with a cover glass, A specimen without a cover glass is heing ‘observed with an objective for observing specimens covered with a cover glass, Use an objective for observing specimiens without a cover glass. Maron the objective ‘W017; For observing a specimen wi cover plas <0: Forobserving a specimen without a cover lass _Forobuering either specimen with or without acover glass ‘The revolving nosepieee has not been rotated until it clicks into place. ‘Tum the revolving nosepiece until it Clicks into place, (p.12) Uneven focus. ‘The specimen is not secured in place on | Install the specimen properly in the the stage specimen clips on the stage ‘The stage has been installed slanted. Install the stage correctly (al) The revolving nosepiece has not been | Turn the revolving nosepiece until it licks into place. (.12) The specimen isnot secured in place on | Install the specimen properly in the Image flows. the stage. specimen clips on the stage, ‘The condenser isnot centered Center the condenser. (p.l8) ‘The stage has been installed slanted, Install the stage correctly, 3d) 35Problem Cause ‘Countermeasure The image is yellowish. ‘An NCBI filter is not being used. Te lamp voltage is 100 low. “The image is too bright ‘The lamp voltage is t00 high. Inadequate illumination (also check the electrical system problems and countermeasures), The lamp voltage is too low. Use the NCBI filter. Push avto-photo switch and then adjust, the brighiness through the ND filter combination. (p.20 and 21) The aperture diaphragm is stopped down, | too far ‘Open the diaphragm to a suitable size (p19) The condenser is too low Position the condenser so thatthe image of the feld diaphragm forms properly on the specimen, (pis) Focusing is not possibie vith high-power objectives. The specimen is placed upside-down, ‘Set the specimen on the stage with the cover glass facing up. The cover glass is too thick. Use the specified type of cover glass thickness: 0.17 mm) The objective strikes the specimen when changing from a low-power objective to 2 high-power objective. The specimen is placed upside-down, Set the specimen on the stage with the ‘cover glass facing up. “The cover glass is too thick {Use the specified ype of cover glass Aihickness: 0.17 mm. “The diopter setting has not been adjusted. | Adjust the diopter setting. (pl) The aiference in focus is large whon the objective is | Te dioper sting has not been adjusted. | Adjust he dioper sting 7) changed. When viewing tvough | Tete distance ast been | aia ye negli distance. (p.17) the binocular eyepiece, —_|_itsted e " the mage does nat resolve into a singl image. “The diopterseing has not been adjusted. | Adjust he oper setting (1D Eye strain develops while viewing. “The interpupilary distance has not been adjusted, Adjust the interpupillary distance. (p-17) The diopter setting has not been adjusted. Adjust the diopter seting (p17) The brightness level isnot suitable. ‘Agust the brightness through the ND fiker combination (920)5, Troubleshooting Tables Electrical system Problem Cause Countermeasure The lamp does not light when the power switch is tumed on The power is not being supplied | Plug the power cord into an outlet. (p.32) ‘The power cord is not connected 10 the | Connect the power cord (p32) microscope Pe P. ‘The lamp has not been installed Install the lamp, (930) Replace the lamp, (30) ‘The lamp is burned out ‘The specified lamp is not being used. Use the specified lamp (refer vo the electrical specifications on p.39). (9.30) The lamp tickers: the brightness is unstable. ‘The lamp is near the end ofits life Replace the lamp. (7.30) ‘The power cord is not connected securel ‘The lamp isnot plugged into its socket securely Secure the connection. 32) ert the imp securely into its socket. (7.20) 37Care and Maintenance Lens cleaning Do not let dust, fingerprin Beet view f te ret on the lenses. Dirt on the lenses, filters, ete. will adversely c. Ifany of the lenses gets dirty, clean it ay described below «Either brush away dust with a soft brush, or gently wipe away with gauze. © To remove fingerprints or grease, use a piece of soft, clean cotton cloth, lens tissue, oF gauze ‘moistened with absolute alcohol (ethyl alcohol or methyl alcohol) ‘= Use petroleum benzine to clean off immersion oil (p. 24). = Do not wipe the entrance lens on the eyepiece tube with petrolet ‘© Absolute alcohol and petroleum benzine are both highly flammable, Be careful when hhandling them, when around open flames, or when turning the power switch on and off. ‘* Follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer when using absolute alcohol and petroleum benzine. benzine, B Cleaning painted components Do not use organie solvents such as alcohol, ether or paint thinner on painted components, plast components or printed components. Doing so could result in discoloration or in peeling of th printed characters, For persistent dirt, dampen a piece of gauze with neutral detergent and wipe lightly Storage Store the microscope in a dry place where mold is not Til Store the objectives and eyepieces in a desiceator or similar container with a drying agent Pur the vinyl cover over the microscope after use to protect it from dust. Before putting on the vinyl cover, turn off the microscope power (Mlip the switeh to thy position), and wait until the lamphouse has cooled, Regular inspection of this microscope is recommended to maintain peak performance. Contact your nearest Nikon representative for details about regular inspection, 38Specifications and Standards Model Name: I 2. Focusing Mechanism: . Stage: |. Revolving Nosepiece: 5. Illumination: . Input Power Supply Voltage: Protection Class: |. Operating Environmental Conditions: ECLIPSE £400 POL (microscope main body) 1 Focus knob sale 1 step equals 1 jim Amount of movement of fine focus knots ‘One turn moves the stage up or down by 0.1 mm Amount of movement of coarse focus knob: ‘One turn moves the stage up or down by about 12.mm Range of stage vertical motion: 2 mm up and 28 mm down from the reference (focused) position Circular graduated stage with a vernier « Provided with a rotation mechanism with a clamp Provided with two specimen clips ced on the microscope arm © Quinuple # Provided with an object fe centering mechanism Internal Koehler-type diascopic illumination optics. Provided with a PHOTO switch (5-level fine adjustment selector) Lamp rating: 6V DC, 30W halogen lamp (PHILIPS 5761) AC 100-120V # 10% SO/60H: Current consumption: 0.8 or less Internal fuse rat 250V, T2A AC 230V + 10% SO/60HZ Current consumption: 0.44 or less Internal fuse rating» 250V. T2A Class 1 Temperature: O10 +40°C Homidi 856 RH max. 2000 m max. Degree 2 condensing lation: Category II Indoor use only 397. Specifications and Standards (ll ©. Conforming Standards: # Product with AC 100-120V ‘= Product with AC 230V # UL Listed product = FCC 15B Class A satisfied This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protections against harmful interference when the equipment is ‘operated in a commercial environment. This equipment ‘generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications, Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely 10 cause harmful interference in which the user will be required 10 correct the interference at this own exper This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations. Cet appareil numérique de la Classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Reglement sur le matériel brouilleur du C: ada, © GS approved product ‘* EU Low Voltage Directive satisfied © EUEMC Directive satisfied 40NIKON CORPORATION “#24 => 2.3, Marunouchi 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8331, Japan HORST OLATHE 9-2-3 CECE) NIKON INSTECH CO., LTD. “astatt [I> TYUAZTF ID Parole isui Bldg, 8, Higashica-cho, Kawasaki ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0006 Japan TEL <81~48-200-2161 wit 210-0005 MATT SLIRAT 8 HH “LEH ELT «7 ISR EE (044) 723-2160 ‘AokatSReT ——‘OOT-O01T SLPRAREERAL 11 RB 41-40 (FIESEVL) ‘is (011) 146-9981 wWesmeaeh 980-014 LAST ARAN 2-9-1 PIR EDL) BIS 022) 227-1098, SEER 660-0002 BAMIEPRADH-20-17 (PMR) BIS (052) 954-0165, LEAL 460-000 SAEMHPRRDMI-A0-17 (PHM) EIB (052) 954-0105, exzicie BRIA (AMR ORL). RM OE, 2) at Sole mematN 3-8-2 RES (06) 6893-3191 FREE 605-8221 RAITTAEMCRICP ERA CBr 80 ‘HES (075) 781-1170 ASIAN UHR CRD. RAN, ABA, MMR, AU, Res, RIG, HG MIRE. Be] ORE 813-03 SRT Bae 1-8-1 “RE (002) 622-1111 NIKON INSTRUMENTS INC, 1300 Wat Whitman Road, Melle, NY 11747-3084, U.S.A. ‘et +1-691-547-8500 Fax: +1-631-547-0308 NIKON EUROPE B.V. Schigholweg 321, RO. Box 222, 1170 AE Badhoowedorp, The Netherends Tei $31-20-84-56-222 Fax +31-20-44-95:298 FAY -81-at-223-2162 FAX (oss) 225-2180 FAX (O11) 746-9308 FAX (022) 227-0831, FAX (052) 958-0165 FAX (G52) 854-0188 This instruction manual is printed on the recycled paper. M216 E msyrsqiy