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Individual Learning and Behaviour

This document provides an overview of individual learning and behavior as presented by Rashmi, Girish, Sajid, and Ajinkya. It discusses key topics such as the definition of learning, how learning occurs, characteristics of learning, determinants of learning like motivation and reinforcement, and major learning theories including classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning. Classical conditioning is attributed to Ivan Pavlov and involves relating stimuli, while operant conditioning developed by B.F. Skinner is based on consequences modifying behavior. Social learning also influences behavior through observing admired models like parents and peers.

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Rashmi Vaishya
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31 views

Individual Learning and Behaviour

This document provides an overview of individual learning and behavior as presented by Rashmi, Girish, Sajid, and Ajinkya. It discusses key topics such as the definition of learning, how learning occurs, characteristics of learning, determinants of learning like motivation and reinforcement, and major learning theories including classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning. Classical conditioning is attributed to Ivan Pavlov and involves relating stimuli, while operant conditioning developed by B.F. Skinner is based on consequences modifying behavior. Social learning also influences behavior through observing admired models like parents and peers.

Uploaded by

Rashmi Vaishya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDIVIDUAL LEARNING AND

BEHAVIOUR
PRESENTED BYRASHMI 14
GIRISH 18
SAJID 01
AJINKYA 12

FORGET THE MIND

LEARNING
Any relatively permanent change in behavior

that occurs as a result of experience


Learning which is temporary is not
considered as actual.
We connect event that occurs in sequence
HOW DO WE LEARN

ASSOCIATION

CHARACTERISTICS
Involves change
Is relatively permanent
Some form of experience is required for

learning
It is life long process

DETERMINANTS

MOTIVE

Generaliza
tion

Retention

Reinenforcement

THEORIES
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social learning

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Given by Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov
Process of relating two stimuli
It was experimented on dog by a him

Lightening
Thunder

Unconditioned Response
Unconditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus

Ivan Pavlov

OPERANT CONDITIONING
Given by Harvard Psychologist B.F. Skinner
Based on notion that behavior is function of its
consequences, which may be POSITIVE OR
NEGATIVE
It is the process of modifying behavior through

the use of POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE


consequences following specific behaviors
Pulling candy machine lever

Delivery of candy bar

Skinner elaborated on Thorndikes


Law of Effect
Rewarded behavior is likely
to reoccur

B. F. Skinner
(1904-1990)
External influences,
not internal thoughts
& feelings, govern
behavior.

E. L. Thorndike

Using Operant
Conditioning,
individuals are more likely
to repeat
rewarded behaviors

PUNISHMENT
Punishment is a term used in operant

conditioning
It refers to any change that occurs after a
behavior that reduces the likelihood that,
that behavior will occur again in future
While positive & negative rein-enforcement
are used to increase behaviors, punishment is
focused on reducing or eliminating unwanted
behavior

Problems With Punishment


Behavior is not forgotten - merely suppressed
(may reappear in other situations)
P does not guide toward acceptable behavior
(doesnt tell you what you should do)

SOCIAL LEARNING
It is acquired by observing the model whom

we admire
Parents
Teachers
Peers

Superiors

4 PROCESSES OF INFLUENCE
Attention
process

Retention
process

Motor
reproduction
process

Reinenforcement
process

Thank
You

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