Understanding

the Results of your

VAP Cholesterol Test

A Better Cholesterol Test

What is the VAP cholesterol test?

The VAP Cholesterol Test is a direct measured
lipid panel. It provides you with the most
accurate, comprehensive and helpful cholesterol
measurements available today. The VAP test
directly measures LDL (Bad Cholesterol) and
provides measurements for 15 lipid components.
The routine cholesterol test calculates LDL and
only reports 4 lipid components.

Routine
Test

The additional information provided by the

VAP Cholesterol Test aids you and your health
practitioner in identifying your risk for Heart
Disease.

What are the benefits of a better cholesterol test?

Early detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease and diabetes are essential to your health. The VAP test
improves detection of risk factors by more accurately and thoroughly measuring lipid risk factors.
The VAP Test is the first cholesterol test to identify the cholesterol markers for Metabolic Syndrome, a precursor
for diabetes. By detecting your risk for Metabolic Syndrome,
The VAP Test tells the whole story.
your health practitioner can make a more informed
therapeutic decision to reduce your risk.

... LDL is four bad risk factors when

independently measured by the VAP Test

The routine test only tells part of the story.

LDL is not just one bad risk factor ...

IDL
36 mg/dL
Lp(a)
24 mg/dL
dL
80 mg/

Low to moderate risk when using a

calculated LDL.

Some patients with significantly higher risk

when measured by the VAP Test.

The following definitions will help you read your VAP Cholesterol Test
and understand your lipids and their measurements.
LDL-Cholesterol-Direct
Total HDL-Cholesterol-Direct

a direct measure of your Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol. LDL is considered to be

your bad or heart disease cholesterol.
a direct measure of your High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol. HDL is considered to be
the good or protective type of cholesterol.

Total VLDL-Cholesterol-Direct

a direct measure of your Very Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol, a major carrier of
energy rich molecules called triglycerides; excess VLDL increases risk for heart disease and
diabetes.

SUM Total Cholesterol

the sum of your HDL + LDL + VLDL. As a sum total of three dierent cholesterol
measurements, SUM Total Cholesterol alone should not be used to predict the risk of heart
disease or stroke.

Triglycerides-Direct

a direct measure of energy rich Triglyceride molecules used by the body. Elevated
triglycerides are a risk factor which can lead to the formation of heart disease lipoproteins.

Total Non-HDL Cholesterol

the sum of your LDL + VLDL; the higher the number, the greater the risk of heart disease.

Total apoB100

a measurement of apolipoprotein B100, which helps form, carry and deliver bad
cholesterol particles to cells. Knowing your apoB100 value greatly increases the VAPs risk
predictive value.

Lp(a) Cholesterol

a measurement of lipoprotein a cholesterol in your body. A highly inherited risk factor for
heart disease, Lp(a) does not respond to traditional LDL-lowering drugs.

IDL Cholesterol

a measurement of your Intermediate Density Lipoprotein cholesterol. A strongly inherited

risk factor for heart disease, it is elevated in patients with a family history of diabetes.

LDL-R (Real)-C

the Real cholesterol circulating in your body; it is a component of Total LDL Cholesterol.

Sum Total LDL-C

a the sum of Lp(a) + IDL + Real LDL.

Real-LDL Size Pattern

refers to LDL cholesterols density. A description of type rather than amount of cholesterol,
Real-LDL Size Pattern can be A, A/B or B. Pattern A is the safest density, as the human
body can rid itself more easily of excess Pattern A LDL. Pattern B LDL carries the highest
threat; it is much more susceptible to oxidation (a primary cause of atherosclerosis) and
remains in the bloodstream longer than Pattern A LDL. The longer you are exposed to bad
cholesterol groups, the greater your risk for disease. Treatments for Pattern B LDL and
elevated LDL cholesterol are dierent, so both measurements must be known for eective
treatment. Pattern A/B patients have a mix of both patterns and should work toward a
Pattern A LDL value.

Metabolic Syndrome

Consider Insulin Resistance/Metabolic Syndrome: If this value is marked as being a risk

factor, it is because your profile indicates the combined presence of Pattern B LDL, low
HDL/HDL2 and elevated triglycerides, creating an elevated risk for diabetes due to insulin
resistance.

HDL-2

the protective portion of HDL. Low HDL2 is a risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease
(CAD), even in patients with normal cholesterol.

HDL-3

important but does not play as great a protective role in protecting against CAD as does
HDL-2.

VLDL-3

a triglyceride-rich lipid which can represent an independent risk factor for heart disease.

Interpreting the VAP Cholesterol Test and Treatment Considerations

TOTAL CHOLESTEROL
HDL

LDL

VLDL

HDL2

Lp(a)

VLDL1,2

HDL3

IDL

VLDL3

LDL-R
Pattern A
Pattern A/B
Pattern B
Diagnosis

Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes

Prescription Drugs

Elevated LDL-R

Low Fat Diet, Exercise

Statin Drugs

Elevated Lp(a)

No Effect

Niacin, Niaspan Rx

Elevated IDL

Low Carbohydrate Diet, Exercise

Statin + Niacin, Fibrate

Small Dense LDL

Pattern B, A/B

Low Carbohydrate Diet, Reduce Sugar

Intake, Exercise

Omega 3-FA, Niacin, Fibrate Rx, Statin Rx

Remnant Lipoproteins Reduce Carbohydrates

Statin + Niacin, Statin + Fibrate, Omega 3-FA

Low HDL2

Aerobic Exercise

Omega 3-FA, Niacin, Fibrate

VLDL and Elevated

Triglycerides

Low Carbohydrate Diet, Reduce Sugar

Intake, Exercise

Omega 3-FA, Some Statin Rx

Metabolic Syndrome

No Sugar, 35% Calories as Fat, Exercise Omega 3-FA, Niacin

Other Treatment Options

Smoking Cessation , Weight Loss, Exercise

Non Drug Treatment Options

Omega 3-Fatty Acids (Fish Oil with EPA/DHA), Red Yeast Rice, Niacin,
Flaxseed Oil, Dietary Fiber, Plant Sterols

Atherotech does not attempt to mandate or advise treatment for individual patients. This document
is intended to illustrate the array of treatment options available as a result of examining the detailed
lipid analysis provided by the VAP test.

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