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Under Ground Construction

The document discusses tunnels, which are underground openings constructed for transportation of people or materials. Tunnels can be built under cities, mountains, lakes, rivers, and seas when surface transportation is not practical. They vary in diameter from less than a meter to over 15 meters, and in length from a few meters to several kilometers. Tunnels are constructed using various methods like cut-and-cover, immersed tubes, bored shield tunnels in soil, and drilling and blasting in rock. Modern highway tunnels require facilities for ventilation, lighting, fire safety, and traffic control. Tunnel design considers layout, location, ground conditions, and how the tunnel is supported during and after construction.

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78 views1 page

Under Ground Construction

The document discusses tunnels, which are underground openings constructed for transportation of people or materials. Tunnels can be built under cities, mountains, lakes, rivers, and seas when surface transportation is not practical. They vary in diameter from less than a meter to over 15 meters, and in length from a few meters to several kilometers. Tunnels are constructed using various methods like cut-and-cover, immersed tubes, bored shield tunnels in soil, and drilling and blasting in rock. Modern highway tunnels require facilities for ventilation, lighting, fire safety, and traffic control. Tunnel design considers layout, location, ground conditions, and how the tunnel is supported during and after construction.

Uploaded by

Umang sharma
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Institute of Technology, Nirma University

Department of Civil Engineering


B. Tech. Sem VII (Civil Engg.)
Advance Construction Technology
Lecture 28-30

Underground Construction
Date:
Tunnel

Tunnel: underground opening for the movement of people or material,

Needed when no other means is practical or adequate or needed to accomplish the required
movement more directly, more quickly or less obstructively.

For Highways, railroad, pedestrian passageway, fresh water conveyance, cooling water
supply, waste water collector or transport, hydropower generator, or utility corridor.

Constructed under cities, mountains, lakes, rivers and seas.

Dia. ranging from less than a meter to more than 15 m, length few meters to several
kilometers.

Cross-section, a tunnel may be circular, horse shoe, rectangular or of other shapes.

Constructed by:

Cut and cover methods,

Using long, prefabricated sections sunk in place as immersed tubes,

Using short prefabricated sections pushed into place from jacking pits,

Bored shield tunnels in soils

Tunnels in rocks
-By drilling and blasting,
-By mechanized means, such as tunnel boring machines (TBM) or
continuous miners (roadheaders).

Facilities needed: Ventilation, lighting, fire safety, elaborate traffic surveillance and control
system for modern highway tunnels.

Design include : layout, location, ground conditions, theoretical and practical consideration
of how the tunnel hole is kept open, temporarily during construction and permanently during
operation & use.

Cut and Cover tunnels

Bored, Shield tunnels:Types of shielding machines:


o Open-face, hand-dug shields
o Semi-mechanized shields
o Fully mechanized shields
o Slurry Face machines
o Earth pressure balance (EPB) machines
o EPB High-density slurry machines
o Blind Shields

Immersed Tube Tunnels

Think about :
Try to find out details of channel tunnel and study the construction aspects of it.

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