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Switchgear and Protection: Seminar Adaptive Relaying

The document discusses adaptive relaying in power systems. Adaptive relaying allows relay parameters to change online to accommodate changing power system conditions. It aims to provide the highest levels of dependability and security for fault detection. Methods discussed include adaptive digital distance protection, protection of power transformers using Kalman filtering, and adaptive reclosing using phase voltages.

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rajumohandas
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
66 views

Switchgear and Protection: Seminar Adaptive Relaying

The document discusses adaptive relaying in power systems. Adaptive relaying allows relay parameters to change online to accommodate changing power system conditions. It aims to provide the highest levels of dependability and security for fault detection. Methods discussed include adaptive digital distance protection, protection of power transformers using Kalman filtering, and adaptive reclosing using phase voltages.

Uploaded by

rajumohandas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION

SEMINAR
ADAPTIVE RELAYING

CURRENT PROTECTION SYSTEM

RELAYS MONITOR THE SYSTEM

DETECT FAULTS, ABMORMALITIES IN ASSIGNED ZONE

RELAY PARAMETERS ARE ALREADY FIXED

CONTROL ACTIONS INCLUDE BREAKER OPENING,ETC

RELIABILITY OF RELAY
HAS TWO MAIN FACTORS

DEPENDABILITY

SHOULD PERFORM PROPERLY IN CASE OF FAULTS

SECURITY

SHOULD NOT INITIATE AN INCORRECT TRIP ACTION

RELIABILITY OF RELAY

COMPROMISE BETWEEN SECURITY AND DEPENDABILITY

BIASED TOWARD THE DEPENDABILITY OR THE SECURITY

HIGHEST LEVELS OF DEPENDABILITY AND SECURITY


CANNOT BE ACHIEVED SIMULTANEOUSLY

ADAPTIVE CONTROL

CONTROLLER ADAPT TO THE SYSTEM

SYSTEM PARAMETERS VARY

FOUNDATION IS PARAMETER ESTIMATION

ADAPTIVE RELAYING

POWER SYSTEM CONDITIONS ARE CONSTANTLY


CHANGING

LEADS TO CHANGE IN FAULT CURRENT LEVELS AND


ITS DISTRIBUTION

RELAYS CHANGE ONLINE TO ACCOMODATE CHANGES

BASIC REQUIREMENTS

MICROPROCESSOR BASED RELAYS

PROGRAMMING CAPABILITIES

SYSTEM-WIDE COMMUNICATION CAPABILITY

ADAPTIVE DIGITAL
DISTANCE PROTECTION

MEASURE SYSTEM CONDITIONS AND UPDATE THE


IDEAL TRIP BOUNDARIES

THE PROTECTION ALGORITHM WILL MEASURE THE


VOLTAGE AND CURRENT SAMPLES AT THE RELAY
LOCATION

THE APPARENT IMPEDANCE IS CALCULATED AND


NOW RELAY REFERS TO THE MOST RECENT TRIP
BOUNDARY

TO AVOID ABNORMAL CONDITIONS USE REAL TIME


DATA
COMPONENTS ARE ADDED TO THE CONTROL LAW
AIMED AT UNPREDICTABLE FACTORS
TO INCLUDE THE FREQUENCY CHANGES ADAPTIVE
REVISING OF SAMPLING PERIOD AND LINE REACTANCE
CALCULATION ON THE BASIS OF FREQUENCY
MEASUREMENT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED

TO INCLUDE PROBLEMS DUE TO POWER SWINGS


ADAPTIVE TECHNIQUE - INCREMENTAL RATE
DISCRIMINATION OF INSTANTANEOUS CURRENT VALUES IS
UESD
RATE-OF-CHANGE OF CURRENT FEATURE CAN CLASSIFY
THE STATUS OF THE POWER SYSTEM TO NORMAL
OPERATION, SWING CONDITION, AND FAULTED
CONDITION
INVOLVES MEASURING AND MEMORISING THE AMPLITUDE
OF THE LOAD CURRENT PER CYCLE, AND ADAPTIVELY
RESETTING THE PROTECTION DEVICES

PROTECTING POWER
TRANSFORMERS

PRESENT DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS ARE AFFECTED


INRUSH CURRENT, OVER EXCITATION, TRANSFORMER
TAPS,ETC

DIGITAL SYSTEM WHICH IS FASTER, CAN MAKE


DECISIONS THAT AIRE MUCH MORE SECURE

USE KALMAN FILTERING

ADAPTIVE RECLOSING

CONVENTIONAL METHODS UNABLE TO ADJUST THEIR


ACTIONS TO REAL-TIME CHANGES IN THE SYSTEM

BY APPLYING ADAPTIVE TECHNIQUES, THE VOLTAGE


OF A FAULTED SYSTEM IS UTILIZED TO DETERMINE
THE SEVERITY, THE LOCATION OF THE FAULT,
WHETHER OR NOT THE SYSTEM SHOULD BE
BROUGHT BACK ONLINE

ADAPTIVE RECLOSING INVOLVES DETECTING THE NATURE


AND LOCATION OF A FAULT BY RE-ENERGIZING AN
UNFAULTED PHASE AND OBSERVING THE PHASE VOLTAGES
ON THE OTHER UNENERGIZED LINES

ADAPTIVE RECLOSING ALSO HELPS PROTECT THE


BREAKERS UPON OPENING BY OPENING AT CURRENT ZERO

CHALLENGES

CHANGING THE RELAY SETTING TO SUIT THE LOAD ,


GENERATIION LEVEL AND TOPOLOGY CHANGES

COORDINATION OF RELAYS

FLOW DIAGRAM OF ADAPTIVE RELAYING SCHEME

REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_control

Adaptive Relaying-A new direction in power system protection


0278-6648/96/$5.00 0 1996 IEEE

Modelling and simulation of anAdaptiveRelayingScheme for a


Microgrid
978-1-4673-2729-9/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE

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