Scribd
Upload
27 views

Atomic Structure: Erg Per Atom

The document discusses several topics related to atomic structure: 1) It provides expressions for the radius, energy, and velocity of electrons in different orbits of hydrogen atoms and hydrogen-like species. 2) It discusses Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom and its spectrum, as well as concepts like quantum numbers and electronic configuration. 3) It summarizes Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, de Broglie's equation relating wavelength and momentum, and the photoelectric effect.

Uploaded by

Sandeep Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
27 views

Atomic Structure: Erg Per Atom

The document discusses several topics related to atomic structure: 1) It provides expressions for the radius, energy, and velocity of electrons in different orbits of hydrogen atoms and hydrogen-like species. 2) It discusses Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom and its spectrum, as well as concepts like quantum numbers and electronic configuration. 3) It summarizes Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, de Broglie's equation relating wavelength and momentum, and the photoelectric effect.

Uploaded by

Sandeep Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Atomic Structure

 Questions were not asked regularly from this chapter. In the last four years of objective
pattern matching type questions asked in 2006 & 2008.
 Areas to be focused are Bohrs model & hydrogen spectrum, quantum numbers and electronic
configuration
 Mostly formula based problems come from this chapter.
 Committing mistakes can be over come by use of appropriate formula in the right format and use
of all physical quantities in same units(SI units)
Expressions for radius, energy and velocity of electron moving in nth orbit of hydrogen atom (or hydrogen
like species)

h2
n2
r = n2 2
=
0.529

2
Z
4 m(Ze / 40 )
2
1 22m(Ze 2 / 40 )
Z2
12
E= 2
= 21.8 10 2 erg per atom
2
n
h
n

2
2
Z
Z
= 13.6 2 eV per atom = 313.6 2 Kcal per mol
n
n
Z
2(Ze2 / 40 )
=
= 2.18 108 cm/sec.
nh
n

The expression of spectral transitions is


1 1
2
2
n1 n2

E = Z2 Rhhc

where RH, known as Rydberg constant,

22m(e 2 / 40 )
= 1.09678 10 7 m1
h3 c
2

RH =

Hydrogen Spectra
The lines in the series were related to one another and could be represented in a single formula
1
1
1
= RH 2 2
m

is the corresponding wavelength, RH is a constant (Rydberg constant), n and m are whole numbers related
to the series as follows:
Lyman series
n=1
m = 2, 3, 4
Balmer series
n=2
m = 3, 4, 5
Paschen series
n=3
m = 4, 5, 6
Brackett series
n=4
m = 5, 6, 7
Pfund series
n=5
m = 6, 7, 8
Heisenbergs Uncertainity Principle:
According to this principle it is not possible to determine precisely both the position and the momentum (or
velocity) of a microscopic moving particle.
Mathematical expression is x p

h
4

De Broglies Equation:
According to de Broglies theory electron has a dual character, both as a material particle and as a wave.
Wavelength () of a particle of mass m, moving with velocity V is expressed as
h
h
h
(h = Plancks constant) (or) =
(or ) =
Ek=Kinetic energy, V=Potential
=
mV
2mEk
2meV
difference


Orbital Angular Momentum of Electron:

L=

( + 1)

h
2

 = azimuthal Q.N. = 0,1,2,3 ---------,

For s, p, d, f ------------ sub shells of orbitals, respectively


Z - Component of orbital angular momentum of an electron in an orbital is given by

h
L = m
2

Where m =  to + including zero (only integral value)


If be the angle between Z axis and angular momentum vector then L2 = L cos
h
=
2

Or m

Or m =

( + 1)

h
Cos
2

( + 1) cos

Since m

( + 1) , so, 0

Spin angular momentum of electron, Ls =

s(s + 1)

h
2

Number of possible spectral lines that may be emitted by a sample of one electron system (atom or ion)
containing all or some speeds excited to nth energy level =

n(n 1)
2

Number of revolutions per second made by an electron in nth orbit =

Vn
=n
2rn

Photoelectric Effect:

Electrons come out as soon as a beam of light falls on the surface of the metal if the frequency of incident
light is greater than threshold frequency.
h = ho + K.E
Schrodinger Wave Equation:

The behaviour of an electron inside an atom can be expressed through Schrodinger Wave Equation.
2 2 2 8 2 m
+
+
+ 2 [E V] = 0
x 2 y 2 z 2
h

= wave function,

m = mass of electron,

E = total energy of electron,


2 +

8 2 m
(E V) = 0 :
h2

h2
2 + E V = 0 ;
8 2 m

h = Plancks constant

V = potential energy of electron.


2 is Laplacian Operator

h2
V

2 = E.

2
8 m

Nodes: Number of radial / spherical nodes = n l 1.

More is the number of nodes more is the energy of orbital.


Nodal plane: Number of nodal plane for a sub shell = l


Model Questions
1.
The wave number of radiation emitted during the transition of electron in between two levels of Li2+
ion whose principal quantum numbers sum is 4 and difference is 2 is:
(B) 4 RH
(A) 3.5 RH

(C) 8 RH
2.

3.

(D)

8
9

RH

The difference between nth and (n + 1)th Bohrs radius of H-atom is equal to its (n 1)th Bohrs
radius. The value of n is
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
Uncertainty in position and momentum are equal. Then uncertainty in velocity is
(A)

1
h/
m

(B)

1
h/
m

(C)

1 h
2m

(D)

1 h
m 2

4.

The uncertainty in the position of electron moving with a velocity of 3.0 x 104 cm s1 accurate up to
0.011% will be
(A) 1.92 cm
(B) 7.68 cm
(C) 0.175 cm
(D) 3.84 cm

5.

For an electron in a hydrogen atom the wave function, is proportional to e a , where ao is the
Bohrs radius. What is the ratio of probability of finding the electron at the nucleus to the probability
of finding it at ao.

(B) e2

(A) e
6.

(C)

1
e2

(D) zero

If Z-component of orbital angular momentum is , then the magnitude of orbital angular


2
momentum can be
(A) 2 h / 2
(B) 3 h / 2
(C) 6 h / 2
(D) Both A and C
h

You might also like