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Exercise 1.4 (Solutions) : Question # 1

1) The document contains 6 questions regarding limits and continuity of functions. 2) Question 1 involves calculating limits of functions as x approaches values and determining if the functions are continuous. 3) Subsequent questions involve determining limits, continuity, and values of parameters for piecewise defined functions. 4) The questions test concepts of one-sided limits, limits at points of discontinuity, and using limits to determine continuity.

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Fakhar Abbas
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51 views

Exercise 1.4 (Solutions) : Question # 1

1) The document contains 6 questions regarding limits and continuity of functions. 2) Question 1 involves calculating limits of functions as x approaches values and determining if the functions are continuous. 3) Subsequent questions involve determining limits, continuity, and values of parameters for piecewise defined functions. 4) The questions test concepts of one-sided limits, limits at points of discontinuity, and using limits to determine continuity.

Uploaded by

Fakhar Abbas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise 1.

4 (Solutions)

MathCity.org

Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12

Merging man and maths

Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.0.0

Question # 1:
f ( x ) = 2x2 + x 5
(i )

c =1

lim f ( x ) = lim ( 2 x 2 + x 5 ) = 2 (1) + 1 5 = 2 + 1 5 = 2


2

x 1

x 1

lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ ( 2 x 2 + x 5 ) = 2 (1) + 1 5 = 2 + 1 5 = 2


2

x 1

( ii )

x 1

lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = 2

x 11

x 1

f ( x) =

x 9
x 3
2

lim f ( x ) = 2
x 1

C = 3

( x 2 9) ( 3)2 9 9 9 0
x 2 9 xlim
3
lim f ( x ) = lim
=
=
=
=
=0
x 3
x 3 x 3
lim ( x 3)
3 3
6
6
x 3

Now

( iii )

x 2 9 ) ( 3 ) 2 9 9 9 0
(
x 2 9 xlim
+
lim f ( x ) = lim+
= 3
=
=
=
=0
x 3+
x 3 x 3
lim+ ( x 3)
3 3
6
6
lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = 0

x 3

x 3

x 3

f ( x) = x 5

lim f ( x ) = 0

x 3

C =5

lim f ( x ) = lim x 5

x 5

x 5 = ( x 5)

x 5

( x 5)

+ ( x 5)
+

= lim ( x 5 ) = lim ( x 5 ) = ( 5 5 ) = 0
x 5
x 5

lim f ( x ) = lim+ x 5 = lim+ ( x 5 ) = 5 5 = 0

x 5+

x 5

x 5

lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = 0

x 5

x 5

lim f ( x ) = 0
x 5

Question # 2:
Discuss the continuity of

f ( x ) at x = c

if
2 x + 5

f ( x ) = 4 x + 1
if
(i )

We haveto discuss the continuity of

(a)
(b )

f ( 2 ) = 2 ( 2) + 5 = 4 + 5 = 9

x2
x>2
c=2
f ( x)

lim f ( x ) = ?
x2

at x = 2
.................... (1)

f ( x) = 2x + 5

f ( x) = 4x +1
2

lim f ( x ) = lim ( 2 x + 5 ) = 2 ( 2 ) + 5 = 4 + 5 = 9

x 2

and

x2

lim f ( x ) = lim ( 4 x + 1) = 4 ( 2 ) + 1 = 8 + 1 = 9

x 2 +

x2

lim f ( x ) = 9 ............... ( 2 )
x2

FSc-II/Ex 1.4-2

(c)

from

(1) and ( 2 )
lim f ( x ) = f ( 2 )
x2

f ( x ) is continous at x = 2
( ii )

3 x 1

f ( x ) = 4
2 x

if

c=2

we get

if x < 1
x =1 c = 2
x >1
f (c) = f ( 2)

is not defined so given function is discontinous

( ii )

Correction
3 x 1

f ( x ) = 4
2 x

c =1

if x < 1
if x = 1
if x > 1

( correction )

f (1) = 4
1

(a)
(b )

f ( x ) = 3x 1

f (1) = 4

f ( x) = 2x

( given )

lim f ( x ) = ?

x 1

lim f ( x ) = lim ( 3 x 1) = 3 (1) 1 = 2


x 1

x 1

and

lim+ f ( x ) = lim ( 2 x ) = 2 (1) = 2

lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = 2

lim f ( x ) = 2 ............................. ( 2 )

(c)

(1) and ( 2 )
lim f ( x ) f (1)
x 1
f ( x ) is discontinous at

x 1

x 1

x 1

x 1

x 1

From

( iii )

(a)

f (1)

we get
x =1

3 x 1

f ( x) =
2 x

if x < 1
c =1
if x > 1

is not defined

f ( x ) is discontinous at x = 1

Question # 3:
Given that
if
3 x
2
f ( x ) = x 1 if
3
if

f ( x ) = 3x

(i )
(a)

x 2
2 < x < 2
x2
f ( x) = x 1
2

+
f ( x) = 3

We check continuity at x = 2
f ( 2) = 3

................................ (1)

( given )

Available online at http://www.MathCity.org

FSc-II/Ex 1.4-3

(b )

lim f ( x ) = ?
x2

lim f ( x ) = lim ( x 2 1) = ( 2 ) 1 = 4 1 = 3
2

x 2

x2

x 2 +

x2

lim f ( x ) = lim ( 3) = 3
lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = 3

x 2

x2

lim f ( x ) = 3 ....................... ( 2 )

(c)

From (1) and ( 2 ) ,

x2

we get

lim f ( x ) = f ( 2 )
x2

f ( x ) is continuous at

( ii )
(a)
(b )

x=2

x = 2

At

f ( 2 ) = 3 ( 2 ) = 6 ............................ (1)

lim f ( x ) = ?

x 2

lim f ( x ) = lim ( 3 x ) = 3 ( 2 ) = 6

x 2

x 2

lim f ( x ) = lim ( x 2 1) = ( 2 ) 1 = 4 1 = 3
2

and

x 2+

x 2

x 2

x 2

lim f ( x ) lim+ f ( x )

lim f ( x )
x 2

f ( x ) is discontinuous at
Question # 4:
Given that
x + 2
f ( x) =
c + 2
c=?

x = 2

x 1
x > 1

f ( x) = x + 2

lim f ( x )

does not exist

+
f ( x) = c + 2

exists

x 1

lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x )

x 1

x 1

lim ( x + 2 ) = lim ( c + 2 )

x 1

x 1

1 + 2 = c + 2
1 = c+2
c = 1 2

c = 1

Question # 5:
(i )
if
mx

f ( x ) = n
if
2 x + 9 if

f ( 3) = n

here
Q

x<3
x=3
x>3

( given )

f ( x ) is continuous at

x =3

lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f ( 3)

x 3

x 3

lim ( mx ) = lim ( 2 x + 9 ) = n
x 3

x 3

Available online at http://www.MathCity.org

FSc-II/Ex 1.4-4

( m )( 3) = 2 ( 3) + 9 = n

3m = 6 + 9 = n
3m = 3 = n
3m = 3
,
m =1
,
if
mx
f ( x) = 2
if
x

( ii )

n=3
n=3
x<4
x4

f ( 4 ) = ( 4 ) = 16
2

here

f ( x ) is continuous at

x=4

lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f ( 4 )

x 4

x4

lim ( mx ) = lim ( x 2 ) = 16

4m = ( 4 ) = 16

4m = 16 = 16
m=4

x4

x4

4m = 16

Question # 6:
Given that
2x + 5 x + 7

f ( x) =
x2

K =?
here f ( 2 ) = K
given
Q
Q
lim
x2

x2

2x + 5 x + 7
=K
x2
lim
x2

2x + 5

( x 2) (

) (
2

lim
x2

lim
x2

x+7

2x + 5 + x + 7

1
=K
2x + 5 + x + 7
1

2 ( 2) + 5 + 2 + 7

=K

2x + 5 x + 7
x2

2x + 5 + x + 7

2x + 5 x 7

x=2

lim f ( x ) = f ( 2 )

( x 2) (

x=2

f ( x ) is continuous at

x2

=K

=K

2x + 5 + x + 7
=K
2x + 5 + x + 7

( 2 x + 5) ( x + 7 )
=K
( x 2) ( 2x + 5 + x + 7 )
( x 2)
=K
( x 2) ( 2x + 5 + x + 7 )
1

lim 2 x + 5 + x + 7

=K

x 2

1
=K
9+ 9

1
=K
3+3
1
K=
6

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