Electricity Notes
Electricity Notes
What
is
Electricity?
Electricity
is
generated
through
the
movement
of
electron
neutron
proton
Electricity
Timeline
1752
Lightning
Rod
Ben
Franklin
1800
Electric
BaMery
1805
Refrigerator
Oliver
Evans
1876
Telephone
Philo
T.
Farnsworth
1879
Light
Bulb
Thomas
Edison
1988-
AC
Power
Nikola
Tesla
1910
Flashlight
Conrad
Hubert
1945 Computer
Philo
T.
Farnsworth
Mauchley
and
Eckert
1954
Microwave
Percy
Spencer
1955
TV
Remote
Eugene
Polley
1973
Internet
Vinton
Cerf
1991- WWW
Tim Berners-Lee
Sources
of
Electricity
Thermal
Geothermal
Nuclear
Hydroelectric
Solar
Wind
Insulator
Conductor
Electrical
Force
Electrical
forces
must
be
strong
because
they
can
electrical charges.
Charging
by
conduc%on
Why
doesnt
the
electroscope
have
a
plas%c
rod?
Coulombs
Law
Charges
exert
force
on
other
charges
over
a
distance
The
closer
together
the
charges
the
stronger
the
force
between
them
Charles
Coulomb
measured
the
force
between
two
charged
K=9.0x109 Nm2/C2
Electric
Fields
Michael
Faraday
developed
the
concept
of
the
electric
eld,
A
charge
creates
an
electric
eld
in
all
direc%ons.
If
a
second
charge
is
introduced
into
the
eld,
the
charges
interact.
The
electric
eld
is
a
vector
quan%ty
that
relates
the
force
exerted
on
a
test
charge
to
the
size
of
the
test
charge
Electric
Current
The
ow
of
charged
par%cles
is
called
an
electric
current
(I)
Measured
in
amperes,
or
amps
(A)
1
ampere
is
equal
to
1
C/s
(coulomb
of
charge
per
second)
charge)
Electric Current
Electric
Power
Electrical
power
is
the
rate
at
which
electricity
(electrical
120-V outlet?
Electric
Current
Resistance
is
the
opposi%on
to
the
ow
of
e-
Changes
electrical
energy
into
thermal
energy
and/or
light
Measured
in
ohms
()
Wire
is
resistance
greater
for:
Longer
wires
Thinner
wires
Higher
temperatures
Conductors
have
less
resistance
than
insulators
(Why?)
Ohms
Law
Resistance
is
dened
as
the
ra%o
of
the
poten%al
dierence,
V,
to the current, I
Thermal
Energy
Space
heaters,
hot
plates,
hair
straighteners
convert
electrical
temperature is 11 .
A. If 220 V are applied across it, what is the current through the
stove
element?
How
much
energy
does
the
element
convert
to
thermal
energy
in
30.0
s?
Electric
Circuits
An
electric
circuit
is
a
conduc%ng
closed
loop
path
BaMeries
are
e
pumps
They
provide
a
voltage
dierence
to
a
circuit
Series
Circuits
Series
circuits
One
path
Any
break
in
the
circuit
&
all
devices
go
out
Current
is
the
same
throughout
the
circuit
Parallel
Circuits
Parallel
Circuit
Mul%ple
paths
If
a
break
occurs
in
one
branch,
the
other
branches
stay
on
Voltage
is
the
same
in
each
branch,
but
current
and
resistance
may be dierent
or-
and Rtotal
Combined
Circuits
Circuits
u%lizing
resistors
in
series
and
parallel
arrangements