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Electrolytes and Minerals/Acid Base Common Serum Enzymes: Table 8-1

This document provides reference ranges for common electrolytes, minerals, acid-base measurements, and serum enzymes. It lists the typical adult range for substances like sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase. It also comments on what medical conditions each substance could indicate if abnormal and which tissues are commonly associated with the listed enzymes.

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97 views

Electrolytes and Minerals/Acid Base Common Serum Enzymes: Table 8-1

This document provides reference ranges for common electrolytes, minerals, acid-base measurements, and serum enzymes. It lists the typical adult range for substances like sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase. It also comments on what medical conditions each substance could indicate if abnormal and which tissues are commonly associated with the listed enzymes.

Uploaded by

JUSASB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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80

SECTION I

Table 8-1

PHARMACEUTICAL PRACTICE

Electrolytes and Minerals/Acid Base; Common Serum Enzymes

Substance

Reference Range
(Typical Adult Range)

Sodium

135146 mEq/L

Potassium

3.55.3 mEq/L

Chloride

98110 mEq/L

Bicarbonate (venous)
Magnesium

2233 mEq/L
1.62.6 mg/dL

Calcium

8.610.2 mg/dL

Phosphorous

2.44.4 mg/dL

Uric acid

2.66 mg/dL

Low-density
lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol
High-density
lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol
Total cholesterol

<130 mg/dL

Alkaline phosphatase
(ALP)

33115 units/L

Produced by liver and bones

Creatinine kinase
(CK)

20200 units/L

Lactate
dehydrogenase
(LDH)

100200 units/L

Isoenzymes of CK found
primarily in heart, brain, and
skeletal muscle; elevations
indicate tissue damage
Isoenzymes found primarily in
heart, lungs, liver, and skeletal
muscle

Comments

Commonly Used to Detect

<100 is better for many adults to


reduce heart disease risk

Hypo- or hypernatremia, aid in


determining osmolality
Hypo- or hyperkalemia; monitoring
renal function; effects of
medications
Acid-base balance (e.g., from
vomiting, diarrhea)
Acid-base balance
Hypo- or hypermagnesemia;
hypomagnesemia is more
common
Hypo- or hypercalcemia; renal
osteodystrophy; metastatic
malignancy; parathyroid
hormone (PTH) abnormalities
Hypo- or hyperphosphatemia;
renal insufficiency
Gout or hyperuricemia due to
medications (e.g., cytolytic
chemotherapies)
Hypercholesterolemia and heart
disease risk

46 mg/dL

Hypercholesterolemia and heart


disease risk

<200 mg/dL

Hypercholesterolemia and heart


disease risk
Increase in osteoblastic activity
(e.g., Paget disease); biliary
obstruction
Acute myocardial infarction

Pattern of elevations to help in


diagnosis of myocardial
infarction, liver or lung disease

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