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Chem 16 Unknown Analysis Cheat Sheet

This document outlines procedures for testing cations and anions in solutions. For cations, sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide are used to produce precipitates to identify Cu2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Zn2+, and NH4+. Confirmation tests are also described. For anions, barium nitrate is used to produce precipitates to identify CO32-, PO43-, and SO42-. Confirmation tests involve dissolving the precipitates in acetic acid. Additional tests using nitric acid, iron nitrate, potassium manganate, and toluene identify I-, SCN-, Br-, and NO3- without precipitation.

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Jana Quismundo
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4K views

Chem 16 Unknown Analysis Cheat Sheet

This document outlines procedures for testing cations and anions in solutions. For cations, sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide are used to produce precipitates to identify Cu2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Zn2+, and NH4+. Confirmation tests are also described. For anions, barium nitrate is used to produce precipitates to identify CO32-, PO43-, and SO42-. Confirmation tests involve dissolving the precipitates in acetic acid. Additional tests using nitric acid, iron nitrate, potassium manganate, and toluene identify I-, SCN-, Br-, and NO3- without precipitation.

Uploaded by

Jana Quismundo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEST FOR CATIONS

Test Solution + 1M
NaOH
with
precipitate
Cu2+: blue
Fe3+: brown
Ca2+: white

no
precipitate
NH4+

Excess NaOH

dissolved ppt
Zn2+

Test Solution + 1 M
NH3
with
precipitate
Cu2+: blue
Fe3+: brown
Zn2+: white

no
precipitate
NH4+
Ca2+

Excess NH3

undissolved
ppt
Cu2+
Fe3+

dissolved ppt
Cu2+
Zn2+

undissolved
ppt
Fe3+

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR CATIONS


1. Cu2+: test solution + excess NH3 = deep blue complex
2. Fe3+: test solution + 0.1M KSCN = blood red complex
test solution + K4Fe(CN)6 = dark blue precipitate
3. Ca2+: test solution + 0.1M (NH4)2C2O4 = white precipitate
4. NH4+: test solution in evap dish + 1M NaOH --> cover with watch glass w LP-> red-->blue
5. Zn2+: test solution + K3Fe(CN)6 = yellow precipitate
test solution + K4Fe(CN)6 = white precipitate
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TEST FOR ANIONS
Test Solution + 1M
Ba(NO3)2

with
precipitate
CO32PO43SO42-

no
precipitate
ISCNBr-

CONFIRMATORY
ANIONS

TEST

FOR

1. CO32-: ppt + 1M CH3COOH =


ppt dissolves with
effervescence
2. PO43-: ppt + 1M CH3COOH =

ppt dissolves without


effervescence
test solution + 0.1M
MgCl2 =
TEST FOR CATIONS WITHOUT PRECIPITATE

white precipitate
3. SO42-: ppt + 1M CH3COOH =
ppt remains undissolved

Test Solution + 1M HNO3 + x +


toluene
0.1M
Fe(NO3)3

ISCN
Br

NO3

0.1M
KMnO4

Aqueou
s
Yellow

Toluene

Blood
Red
Yellow

Colorle
ss
Colorle
ss
Colorle

Yellow

Pink

ISCNBrNO3-

Aqueou
s
Yellow
Brown
Peach
Yellow
Brown
Yellow

Toluene
Pink
Colorle
ss
Yellow
Colorle

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ANIONS


1. I-: test solution + 1M HNO3 + 0.1M Fe(NO3)3 + toluene = pink toluene layer
2. SCN-: test solution + 1M HNO3 + 0.1M Fe(NO3)3 + toluene = blood red
aqueous layer
3. Br-: test solution + 1M HNO3 + 0.1M KMnO4 + toluene = yellow/orange
toluene layer
4. NO3-: test solution + 6M H2SO4, FeSO4 --> tilt to 60 --> 18M H2SO4 = brown
ring

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