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07-Skin Factor and Wellbore Storage

This document discusses skin factor and wellbore storage concepts. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating skin factor due to various causes of damage like drilling fluid invasion or production. It also discusses concepts like minimum skin factor, geometric skin from partial penetration or deviated wellbores. Formulas are provided for calculating wellbore storage coefficients for different conditions like a fluid-filled wellbore, rising liquid level, or single phase gas-filled wellbore. Exercises are included to calculate pressure drop, flow efficiency, skin factor, and wellbore storage coefficients.

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Shaho Abdulqader Mohamedali
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234 views

07-Skin Factor and Wellbore Storage

This document discusses skin factor and wellbore storage concepts. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating skin factor due to various causes of damage like drilling fluid invasion or production. It also discusses concepts like minimum skin factor, geometric skin from partial penetration or deviated wellbores. Formulas are provided for calculating wellbore storage coefficients for different conditions like a fluid-filled wellbore, rising liquid level, or single phase gas-filled wellbore. Exercises are included to calculate pressure drop, flow efficiency, skin factor, and wellbore storage coefficients.

Uploaded by

Shaho Abdulqader Mohamedali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Skin Factor and

Wellbore Storage

Characterizing Damage and


Stimulation

Characterizing Damage and Stimulation


Instructional Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

List causes of damage skin


List causes of geometric skin
Calculate skin from pressure drop
Calculate flow efficiency from skin
Calculate skin factor and wellbore
radius
6. Convert skin to fracture half-length

Damage Caused by Drilling Fluid

Mud filtrate
invasion

Damage Caused by Production

p < pb

p > pb

Damage Caused by Injection

dirty
water

incompatible
water

Reservoir Model of Skin Effect

Altered
zone

Bulk
formation

ka
h
rw
ra

Reservoir Pressure Profile

Pressure, psi

2000

1500

1000

ps

500
1

10

100

1000

Distance from center of wellbore, ft

10000

Skin and Pressure Drop


0.00708 k h
s
p s
qB

Skin and Pressure Drop


141.2qB
p s
s
kh

Skin Factor and Properties


of the Altered Zone

k
ra

s
1 ln
ka
rw

Skin Factor and Properties


of the Altered Zone

ka

k
1

ln ra rw

Effective Wellbore Radius

rwa

s ln
rw

rwa rw e

Minimum Skin Factor

smin

re
ln

rw

Minimum Skin Factor Example


smin

re
745
ln
ln
7.3
0.5
rw

Geometric Skin - Converging


Flow to Perforations

Geometric Skin - Partial


Penetration
hp
h

Partial Penetration

h1
hp

ht

ht
s
sd s p
hp

Partial Penetration
Apparent Skin Factor
h1D h1 ht

h pD h p ht
rw kv

rD
ht kh

sp

h1D

1
h pD 4

h1D

1
3h pD 4

h pD A 1
1

1 ln

ln

h pD
2rD h pD 2 h pD B 1

Geometric Skin - Deviated


Wellbore

s sd s

h sec

Deviated Wellbore
Apparent Skin Factor
w'

tan

kv
tan w

kh

w'

hD

41

2.06

w'

56

1.865

h
rw

kh
kv

hD
log

100

Geometric Skin - Well With


Hydraulic Fracture

Lf

Skin Factor and Fractured Wells

rwa

Lf

L f 2rwa

Completion Skin
rw

s s p sd sdp
rp

kdp

rdp
kR

Lp
kd
rd
After McLeod, JPT (Jan. 1983) p. 32.

sdp

h
L p n

rdp k R k R
ln

k dp k d
r
p

Gravel Pack Skin


Cement

s gp

Lg

k R hLg
2
2nk gp rp

Productivity Index

q
J
p p wf

Flow Efficiency
Jactual p p wf p s
Ef

Jideal
p p wf

Flow Efficiency and Rate


Efnew
qnew qold
Efold

Exercise 1
Damage and Stimulation
Calculations
Calculate
1. Pressure drop
2. Flow efficiency
3. Apparent wellbore radius
4. New skin factor

Wellbore Storage

Wellbore Storage
Instructional Objectives
Define wellbore unloading
Define afterflow
Calculate wellbore storage (WBS)
Coefficient for wellbore filled with A
single-phase fluid
Calculate WBS coefficient for rising
liquid level

Fluid-Filled Wellbore Unloading

Rate

Surface Rate

Bottomhole
Rate
Time

q qsf B
dpw

dt
24Vwb cwb

Rate

Fluid-Filled Wellbore - Afterflow

Surface Rate

Bottomhole
Rate

t=0

Time

q qsf B
dpw

dt
24Vwb cwb

Rising Liquid Level


Rate

Surface Rate

t=0

Bottomhole
Rate

Time

q qsf B 5.615 wb
dpw

dt
24
144
A
wb

g
c

Wellbore Storage

Fluid-filled
wellbore

q qsf B
dpw

dt
24Vwb cwb

Rising
liquid level

q qsf B 5.615 wb
dpw

144 A
dt
24
wb

General

q qsf B
dpw

dt
24C

g
c

Wellbore Storage Definition

q qsf B
C
dpw
24
dt

Fluid-filled
wellbore

Rising
liquid level

C Vwb cwb

144 Awb g c
C
5.615 wb g
Awb
25.65
wb

Exercise 2
Calculate WBS coefficient for a
wellbore filled with a single phase
liquid

Exercise 3
Calculate WBS coefficient for a rising
liquid level

Exercise 4
Calculate WBS coefficient for a
wellbore filled with a single phase gas

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