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Carrier Current Protection

The differential pilot-wire protection is based on the principle that under normal conditions, the current entering one end of a line is equal to that leaving the other end. As soon as a fault occurs between the two ends this condition no longer holds and the difference of incoming and outgoing currents is arranged to flow through a relay which operates the circuit breaker to isolate the faulty line.

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Manendra Singh
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4K views

Carrier Current Protection

The differential pilot-wire protection is based on the principle that under normal conditions, the current entering one end of a line is equal to that leaving the other end. As soon as a fault occurs between the two ends this condition no longer holds and the difference of incoming and outgoing currents is arranged to flow through a relay which operates the circuit breaker to isolate the faulty line.

Uploaded by

Manendra Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PILOT WIRE & CARRIER

CURRENT
PROTECTION

PILOT WIRE PROTECTION


INRODUCTION

Pilot relaying scheme consist of three type protection


scheme.
A) pilot wire protection
B) carrier current protection
C) microwave
In pilot wire protection scheme two wire are used to
carry information signal from one end to the protection
line to other.
A wire pilot may be buried cable or a pair of overhead
auxiliary wire other than the power line conductor.

BASIC PRINCIPAL

The differential pilot-wire protection is based on the


principle that under normal conditions, the current
entering one end of a line is equal to that leaving the
other end. As soon as a fault occurs between the two
ends this condition no longer holds and the
difference of incoming and outgoing currents is
arranged to flow through a relay which operates the
circuit breaker to isolate the faulty line.

WORKING

The scheme is unit type protection and operates or


work on the principal of differential protection .
The comparison is made between the C.T secondary
at the two end of line,as the pilot channel is very
expensive a single phase current is derived from
three phase current at each end of the line.

There are several differential protection schemes for


the lines. They areci
A) circulating current
B) balance voltage (or oppose voltage scheme)
C) Translay scheme

Circulating Current Scheme

In this scheme two C.T are connected in each


protected one at each end under healthy or external
fault condition the secondary current are equal and
circulate in pilot wires the relay is connected
between equipotential point of pilot wire and the
differential current of two C.T is zero .

Balance Voltage Scheme

In this scheme current does not normally circulate


through the pilot wire
The operating coil of relay is placed in series with
the pilot wire
Current does not flow through the pilot wire under
normal condition
In case internal fault the polarity of the remote end
C.T is reversed and hence current flow through the
pilot wire and operating coil of relay.

Transley Scheme

In this scheme the induction disc type relay is used


at each end of the protected line section and
secondary windings of relay is interconnected in
opposition as a balance voltage system .
In normal condition no operating torque is produced
In case internal fault the relay torque is produced
from the interaction of the two flux one of which
produced directly through the upper magnet of the
relay the second flux is produced by the current
flowing through the lower magnet.

TRANSLEY SCHEME

APPLICTION

Pilot-wire relays are used for protection of short to


medium length cable
The standard relay can be applied to circuits with
more than two line ends. Therefore three or more
terminal applications are possible
The most sensitive earth-fault detection of the relay
is 25% of rated current. This may be fed

ADVANTAGE

They are simple because of their simplicity


They are more reliable
They have maximum stability od the system
Minimum damage to the line

DISADVANTAGE

Additional expenditure of pilot wire


They are economical only up to length 16 km
They require continuous supervision .

CARRIER CURRENT
PROTECTION
INTRODUCTION
In carrier current scheme a low voltage, high
frequency signal is used to transmitt information
from one end of the line to the other.
In this scheme, the pilot signal is coupled
directly to the same high voltage line which is to
be protected .
This type of pilot is also called a power line
carrier.

Operating Principle

There are two operating techniques for carrier


current protection :-

Phase Comparison Technique

Directional Comparison Technique

Phase Comparison Protection

In this , phase angle the current entering one end is


compared with the phase angle of the current
leaving the other end of line.
If currents at both ends are in phase , there is no
fault(or external fault).
In case of internal fault two currents will be 180
degree out of phase.
In this scheme carrier signal is employed as a
blocking pilot.

Directional Comparison Technique

In this scheme the direction of power flow at the


two ends of the protected line section is compared.
During normal condition or external fault the power
must flow into the protected line section at one end
and out of it at other end.
In case of internal fault power flows inwards from
both ends

ADVANTAGE

Fast, simultaneous operating of circuit-breakers at


both ends.
Fast clearing prevents shocks to systems
For simultaneous faults, carrier current protection
provides easy discrimination
carrier current relaying is best suited for fast
relaying in conjunction with modern fast circuit
breaker.

APPLICATION

Station to station communication. In power station,


receiving stations and sub-stations telephones are
provided. These are connected to carrier current
equipment and conversion can be carried out by
means of "Current Carrier Communication".
Remote control of power station equipment by
carrier signals
Telemetering.

THANK YOU

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