LUFTWAFFE SECRET PROJECTS © J & special. PURPOSE AIRCRAFT. ooLUFTWAFFE SECRET PROJECTS GROUND ATTACK & SPECIAL PURPOSE AIRCRAFTLuftwaffe Seeret Projects — Ground Attack & Special Purpose Aircraft ISBN 1.85780 1504 ‘© Dieter Herwig and Heinz Rode 2002, 2008, Fst published 2002 in Germany by Motorbuch Verlag, Stiga. Translation from original German text by Ted Olver Eglish language edition published 2008 by Midland Publishing ‘4 Waiing Driv, Hinckley, LELO3EY, England Tel: 01455 254.490 Fax: 01455 254495 ‘Wondwide distribution (except North America} Midland Counties Publications 44 Watling Drive, Hinckley, LELO EY, England Tel: O1455.258 747, Fax: 01456 283 727 Ermali: [email protected] \werucmidlandeauntiessuperstore.com [North America wade distribution by: Specially Press Publishers & Wholesaler ine 130966 Grand Avenue Noth Branch, MN 5S056, USA el: 651 277 1400 Fax: 651277 1208 Tol (ee telephone: 800 885 4585 we spectalypress.com A rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, transmitted in ay form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photo-copied, recorded or otherwise, without the writen permission of the copyright owners. Design concept and editorial layout © Midland Publishing and Stephen Thompson Associates Printeain Hong Kong ia World Prt Limited,LUFIWAFFE SECRET PROJECTS GROUND ATTACK & SPECIAL PURPOSE AIRCRAFT Dieter Herwig and Heinz RodeContents Foreword, Acknowledgements Publisher's Note Glossary & Notes Chapter One Ground Attack Aireraft ~ Development ‘of a New Weapon 1917-1941 Junkers 34 Junkers 110 dlunkers K 47 Henschel Hs123 ~ From the Dive Bomber to the Ground Attack Aleraft Fieseler Fig, Hamburger Flagzeugbau Ha137 Henschel Hs129, Focke-Wulf F189 VIb, Henschel Hs P87 Hatter Ha36. Junkers BF 82 Junkers Ju 187 Junkers Nameless Ground Attack Project Lippiseh P 09 (TL) Lippisch P-a10 (TL) Messerschmitt Me 328, Chapter Two Ground Attack Aireraft 1942-1943, Junkers Ju 870-3 and D5 Nachtschlachtlugzeug. Blohim & Voss P 163.01 and P 163.02. Blohim & Voss P170.01, Focke-Wulf PVIT Henschel PI 600/67 Junkers EFI2 Chapter Three Ground Attack Aiveraft 144-1945, Blohm & Voss P192.01, Blohm & Voss P193.01, Blohm & Voss PL94.01, Blohm & Voss PL96.01, Blohm & Voss P 204.01 Blohm & Voss BV237 18 15 fra 19 2 23 24 27 29 34 6 40 4 43 46 49 St 33 54 35, 58 Cy 61 63 Heinkel ‘Lerche Henschel Hs132 Hotter Low-level & Ground Attack Project Junkers EF126 Arguslunkers Ground lack Project Chapter Four 66 68 63 1 ‘The Development of the Twin-Engined Heavy Fighter 1935-1939 Dornier Do 29 Focke-Wulf Fw 5? Henschel Hs124V3 Messerschmitt 1110. Focke-Wulf Fw18? Arado AGO FP-30 (A025) Gotha Zerstorer Projects, Arado E561 Lippisch- Messerschmitt P 04-106 Chapter Five Fast Bomber Projects 1941-1943, Arado Ar 240 ‘Arado 240 TL. ‘Arado E530, ‘Arado E556. ‘Arado E560, Arado E651, Dornier Do 217N ~ Interim Solution for ‘a Heavy Night Fighter Dornier P232/2 Heinkel P1085,01-16 ~ From Record Aircraft to Kamnpfzerstorer Heinkel P1065, Holler Fernzerstorer Lippiseh P 09 A Rocket powered Schnellbornber. Lippiseh P 10-108, Lippisch P1192. Lippisch P11-105 Lippisch P13, Messerschmitt Me 265 Messerschmitt Me 329, Messerschmitt Me 609. Messerschmitt P1079/18 ‘Schwalbe Messerschentt Zerstérer Project 3 m 6 a 0 2 35 86 3 31 298 101 oz 104 106 108 110 12 116 47 ug ng 121 123 124 126 128 130 131Chapter Six Fast Bomber Projects 1944-1945, 134 Arado £ 395.01 2134 Arado E 395.02 136 ‘Arado E 583.05 Project 138 Arado E 583.06 ‘Project Il 40 Blonm & Voss P 203.01, 141 Domier P2381 3 Dornier P247/1 ia Domier P252/1 45; Domier P2541 7 Domier P2561 148, Focke-Wulf 0310239-01 and -10 150 Focke-Wulf 0310251 ~A Night and Bad-weather Fighter/Zerstorer 152 Gotha P 60C --A Night and Bad-wweather Fighter 154 Heinkel P1068 01-83 156 Heinkel P1079 157 Henschel P12 159 Hiiter Hi 211 16 Junkers Ju 88C-6 ~ From Dive-Bomber {o Fast NightFighter. 163 Lppisch P11-121 ~ The World's First Turbojet-pawered Zerstérer.. 165 Messerschmitt P1099, 167 Messerschmitt P1100, 169 Messerschmitt P1101-92. m Messerschmitt P1101-98. ie Messerschmitt P1101-104, 74 Messerschmitt P1101-28 5 Messerschmitt P1112, 176 Chapter Seven. Special Purpose Aireraft 1941-1945. . 179 ‘Turbojet Attachments to Orthodox ‘Alreran 119 Pulsejet Development by Diphing, Paul Schmidt 182 Pulsejet Development by the Argus Motoren GmbH 182 Messerschmitt P1079/1 and P1079/10c .. 184 ‘The Combined Pulsejet-ramjet~A Further Argus-Schmit Development 187 The Walter 108-509 Liquid-Propellant Rocket Motor 187 Arado Ar 234R Hohenaullirer 189 Arado Ar 2348-1 Batly-Warning Project .. 191 Bachem Ba 349 'Natler’ 193 Heinkel P1077 ‘Ilia 197 Junkers EF127 ‘Wall’ ~ A Target defence Interceptor 200 Messerschmitt Me 1638 in Luftwaffe Senice 201 Messerschmitt Me 1638 with BT 700 Bomb-Torpedo. 208 Messerschmitt Me 263. 208 Chapter Eight Ai-Launched Fighters: and Attack Gliders. 206 Arado E281 206 Blohim & Voss BV'40, 209 DPS Bombenjager (Gomb-carrying Glider) 212 DFS ‘Eber ais Messerschmitt P1104 A Rocket-powered Target-Defence Interceptor 216 ‘Zeppelin Pliegende Panzerfaust” 28 Zeppelin ‘Rammer 220 Chapter Nine ‘Mistel? Composites 221 ‘The Ar E977 Explosives Carrier 221 ‘The BV P24 Pulkzerstorer? (Bomber formation Destroyer) 203 ‘The Fi108 as a Tactical Weapon 2s ‘The Henschel Hs 293 as an Antibomnber Weapon......- 208 The Ju 268 Explosives Carrier 230 “The Ju 287 Explosives Camier 232 Messerschmitt Me 262 Twin Composite . 233 Sombold So 344 ‘Ranmmaschussjiger’.... 234 ‘Stéckel ‘Rammschussjger’ 237 Chapter Ten Airborne Weapons ‘and Special Equipment 239 Automatic Upward-fring Twin MG FF/M 239 ‘The 3.7em BK3.7 Bordkanone 2a) The Sem BK 5 Bordkanone ‘The Sem Mauser MK 214A Bordkanone ‘The 7 Sem BK7.5 Bordkanone, ‘The RAM ‘Orkan’ Bordiakele ‘The R265 Poh’ Bordrakete ‘The RZ100 Bordrakete The X7 ‘Rotkippchen’ Bordrakete ‘The 2lem "Wurfgranate 42’ Bordrakete ‘The Wre.Gr. {2 asa Special Air Combat Weapon, The 28/32em ‘Wurlkérper’ as a Bordwalle ‘The Gerat 104 ‘Minchhausen’ Bordwalle Dusenkanone Dika 88 Bordwafte Dsenkanone Dika 280 Bordwatfe GERO FmiV:51 Flame-thrower \V-I Mobile Launching Ramp for Aircraft and Missiles \V-2 Transport Trailer and Launch, Platform, Junkers Aircraft Steam Turbine Project The ‘Tonne-Seedorf TV Guidance System ‘The Briish H2S Panoramic Radar. Index Index of Personalities 2 244 206 219 250 252 254 255 258 259 260 262 263, 264 265 266 268 269 mm‘As a continuation of the technological ans bstaricat series of Lufwalte Secret Projects, {his volume presents the developments, pro- totypes and projects in the realm of ground tack, mull and special purpose aircraft cov ering the period 1935-1945 as well as earlier antecedents. Whilst some of these atained ‘operational status, most did not progress fur. ther than the drawing board, At the time they ‘were conceived, the projects had no equiva, lent counterparts abroad, and alter 1945, Dbecame largely the basis for modem devel- ‘opments, chiefly in the USA an ISSR, ‘Kneed hardly be mentioned that alreadyin the 1930s, the Luftwaffe possessed Schlacht Augzeuge (Knerally ‘battle aircraft ~ a term, later superseded to mean ‘close-suppott or ‘ground attack’ aircraft) and Zeestorer (ler. ally ‘destroyer’ a generic term applied (the ‘win engined heavier and more powerfully ‘armed bomber escortfighter intended 10 clear the skies of enemy aircraft ahead, as \wellas acing asa home-defence interceptor) The Schlachiflugzeuge were aspecia class ‘ofaircraft that had been developed from 1917 onwards from ighter andl attlery-supportalr craft. They were specifically employed in the s70und attack oF close-support role 0 attack enemy supply columns, field positions and tank concentrations. This, however, formed only a portion of the tasks which frorn $335 iedto the development of the new generation fof ground attack aircral Ina similar manner, development of the other combat type also took place ~ the Foreword Karpfzerstorer (literally battle destroyer’), term adopted from the Navy and which, with its combat capabilities, epitomised the strategic fighter concept ‘Operational use of both of these weapons ‘eamiers took place on al fonts during the Second World War and especially for the defence of Reich tertitory A few months before the end of the war, the RLM or Reich shuftfahutministeriumn (German Air Ministry) termed these aircraft as Arbeits- (literally ‘work') or Heeresiugzeuge (so(dier or arty aircraft) which, commensurate with their ‘multipurpose "capabiliy, were tobe employed as tactical bomber, jetisonable weapons carvers, reconnalssance and ground attack aircraft Although this volume documents their evelopment, the main emphasis ies on pro- jects that either did not or had not yet attained flight status. Additionally, a whole series of cther highlyinteresting developments are ‘covered about which - wit the exception of the Bachem Natier (Viper) ~ very litle has been reported to date, These involve the piloted Sprengstoftrager (explosive-laden aircraft), Bombensegler (bomb.canying gli ers), Schleppiager (lowed fighters), manned FlakRaketen (antiaireraft rocket intercep- tors), Sonderfhugreuge (speciataircraf) and Bord- and Sonderwaffen (airborne and spe- «ial weapons} that were under development. Individual types of aircraft are described largely in chronological order of evolution. The colour illustrations depict how they ‘mmight have looked! in flight and in service use, and are based exclusively on manufac turers! drawings, mock-ups or other original documentation. In order to provide the reader with sense ofeatism and to empha sise their documentary character, the illustra ‘ons are depicted in the colour schemes and ‘markings in effect at that time. Reasons have also been discussed as 10 ‘why the REM and Jeading personalities had forbidden, teicated or halted further design and constriction of specific aireratt developments. Wasit stupidity, lack of appre ‘or sabotage? In the RLMoffices of the Generalluftzeugmeister (Chief of Air Procure: ‘ment and Supply) alone, there were over 4,000 buresucrats who were responsible for everything yet not answerable for anything at all ‘On the other hand, not every drawing board study and project turned out to be suit- fable for practical implementation. Firms fen deliberately engaged valuable stall members and highly-qualified designers with ‘unusual projects in order to retain ther indi pensabiliy and thus preserve ther from call ‘up for military service, These, however, were exceplions. The constantly-deteriorating war situation for Germany towards the end resulted in a wealth of ideas and an enor- mous impulse to development that has not ‘been matched anywhere else in history Dieter Herwig & Heinz Rode Seplember 2602As already mentioned in Lufwotle Secret Projects: Strategic Bombers 1935-1945, the photographs, outline drawings and data in this volume originate exclusively from the archives of the Deutsche Studienbiro fir Luffahnt (German Aviation Study Centre) in Frankdurv Main ‘The professional suppott received by the author fram friends and colleagues of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Luffahridokumen: lation (German Society for Aviation Documen- tation) enables an overview tobe presented of During the course of the Wanslation of the German original ofthis book into this English vetsion, our translator Ted Oliver carefully sludied the material as supplied and pub- lished in the German, and with our approval, has made some significant changes in sequence and content which we believe ‘enhance the readability, accuracy and com- Pleleness ofthe finished English article. In the original German edition, the Schlachiflugzeuge were all listed in a single chapter, but in largely no chronological order of manufacturer or date of etigin, To reflect the inteim design periods, these have been rearranged into two chapters (2 and 3) cover: ingthe periods 1942-1913 and 1944-194 ‘The later par of the book was a rather jum: bled array of projects, now regrouped into three chapters on aircraft (7, 8 and 9) and a final chapter (10) on airborne weapons and Acknowledgements the SchlachtMugzeuge and Kamptoerstorer projects in Germany up until 1945, My special thanks are expressed to Giinter Sengfelder, Theador Mohr, Karlheinz Kens and Manfred Griehlssho assisted me with their advice on difficult questions. Thanks. and recognition are equally due tomy artist and co- author Heinz Rode for his colour illustrations ‘at were often generated under dificult con. ditions, using heavily-damaged works docu: ments in order fo present the reader with a feeling of reality of project developments. The Publisher’s Note special devices. As in eatier chapters, these are related in chronological order of project, date oF alphabetical order of manufacturer, except for the weapons in last chapter, srouped under related headings. ‘Throughout the book, Ted Oliver has taken the opportunity to eliminate some obvious ‘contradictions inthe German original, and to add to or improve information by using sources (principally captured German docu- "ment sources in the UK and the USA) which ‘were apparently not available to the author. In some instances the extent of the addi= tional material available tothe translator has necessitated more extensive additional text. Numbered footnotes are almost all transla- tors remarks and necessary explanations. These also provide commentary on the author's erroneous text repeated from. sources known to be incotreet or speculative. ‘unit codes, colour schemes and tactical sym- ’bols are pure fiction, and mainly indicate how ‘they mighthave looked’ ightandin service Use, using matkings in effect at that lime. ‘The authors welcome any criticism, sug- gestions and questions which should be irecied to the Deutsche Studienbiro for Lutfahrt, Postfach 551037, 60400 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Dieter Herwig Frankfart, September 2002 Examples are the Blohim & Voss 214 and the DFS ‘Rammer Eber’ where the author has contradicted published information from authoritative sources. Asterisked footnotes" are usually the Author's oF translators reference to another published work, to which readers may like to Foler for further information, The Glossary anid Notes pages in this vol- ‘ume were compied by he Translator and we hope that they will prove tobe as valuable to readers as the similar entries in the fist wo volumes of this series. In particular, we believe that the information presented here ‘on the 9-1000 and 9-10000 series of designa: tions has not been published by anyone before as it was taken from postawar CIOS Reports; likewise the comprehensive jet propulsion code-letter lst is also belleved to be freshGlossary & Notes Enter lowed x Fgaeug era alin (US), baw contin, monulacuing fabk faci: wos an Vee pln, wks, cepie NG Alten Cessna oat stok company 1G eressengereiichatt comma fiers KG Kommandt Ceslica Tmt anes copy. Gob Gesell ri bescrkter Hains fined tat compar. e¥——cingetagener eres “reared company, Paiepal pes of rr or aerial vile Isandalone ems) Aiirerreconmaisince Bomber omer Evkunder eration, scot ughoot ——fynataat. ughirper vara ese, Glee, Sealer ser, apne Heinatshitrer home protect (he). Hubselvauber helcoper Yager ght, prs (US), “agtboober (abo) ther bomb Lastentegler load, toopcarning side Licht aishp. able Pallaerstrer _bemberfamation deskjet Tragschrauber sos, toca Waenriger_ weapons came: ‘erste seid ea faher Fc tems preceding he wor Bae rat Some areal apple belo bamberge’ niecdapedaivate ibeity sy cooperation mediom bomber, Allene: ey super, AufMarungs- Teconnaisane Begletsecompanying eset. Bord arauache filed, ator Desens etpropele Enkundungs: chserition, <0 Erdkamph- sour atacchsesizpnt Fer lengrang, me ‘let sie ‘rof;Grofeaum lage lt capac Heres. amyor sole ata Infante. nay spo nga: ihe pst (SA) Kampt- combo bomber Kiem smut Meet mune sales. Lanysteeten ong am Marines naval Mekroweeke—mulbspote, Nachjagd- ign Nahaufuerans-shrsarge ecomaisance, Nablampt cose combs aneer armoured anenk Raleten. rock prope Reise: cing commscasons Seqel silane ger Salleh. groundack, close suppor (fone: bate sea Seal fou igh speed Samet siperiou See weer sed, oplne Seno eseareve Sonder —Spectpurpose Stahl jtgrpelad. Sehlepp- to cra ing iat Deichsesclepp pole. Mistelecklepp (iste) compose, canto. Stamchlepp ssicton Trapschlepy carp. Sahat base ier Selbstopferungs selanciice (kite). Selbstverihtungs sl desucton (aie). Teigercanienbaced Tefangets- wee tack erbindungs- tison commanicsons. Vokehes hil commer Vessuchs- experimental Volks: people's (pear popula elligs: Tan lseage Nove than 10 peso Mae designs were sed lee 190 For obs reasons pees suchas ana Peat, Son, Teepe nd Zo have bee es Otertems: Abteung Departmen APL Aureos auntie supplement ectn ing equrent Atappe mock, AWG." Anseteget- pling device, Behater_contner BK Borckanene- ted areatannon Dipttog Dlomingeniut-Heraydpiomaed emieer, equate Diplo of Sines ‘Bopperier Lier obese, wing el atings. Bahn pret SF Brnekugsugeug~ developmen sca EW —_Bgemersinigunganage crew wzrcom, ESK —Enwelungsontronmision ‘Spel Develpment Camission ETC Beusch Tégerorichiurger yinderamben clecrealoperaed ‘aie desc x hcl bombs. 2 —_Brhetshonichung “sant ig device. FOL FemgecheteDrehingaete “temo ctotesbabeteFL Fergie Hecate remy conte tl bree Dak (Piegerabwehvtanone) antic earaa, FE Rupzegentwicking- rer Deveapment Deparent wine TLR, Leal Dasher or Whizzer, single sealer sete Forschongsansialt research insite, FuBl Pk Bindsndeaninge radio lng erp Fu Fanigeat~ robo ar adr et FIG Femsegerst-remoleimng The EF 126 "EW, designed as aground atack ait caf, was also referred to in the November 1944 Erk conference asaZerstrer heavy fighter. bow: ered by one or wo Argus ASM pulses. Testedin the wind-tunnel atthe beginning of 1945, an oder for 20 aircraft placed on 200s January was cancelled bythe TLR in Maren 195,Junkers EF26 ~ data (mikwing version) oer! 13g (TA etal Pimensins se 65m ans Ur eas 2 “tn erg vet en miata He hog ‘tm ‘sin gee ae ssn wipe leadtvaige yarn nna amy 38 Peer Nae, ba Ranh eg aheseohed nh eh arg Wht Bk Went ‘isenst Sikn ‘vines oan ors is ‘lean vahiata on ra some Pe MSS PKI Ung nde SA 18502 ae Ir Pome oe pres An E126 mode! with nd without undercarriage in the Jonkers wind:tunee 3 — “Junkers EF126 midwing version, 0 LLuPrwarre Secrer PRosecTs: GROUND ATTACK & SPECIAL, PURPOSE AIRCRAFTArgus-Junkers Ground Attack Project 1945, Argssonkers Ground Attack Projet with two Arts pulejets and sie noe cannon | Ghouso Artack Aigcaarr ~ 1944-1945 — As a further development of the Junkers F126 infantsy-suppart and ground altack air Craft, this joint proposal of ihe Argus and Junkers fms was to have been powered by {two 475kg (1,047 Ib) static thrust As 04 pulse- jets ~ a further development of the As 014 This single-seat undesignated mid-wing air- craft differed from is forbear in thal the pulse- jets were located at the fuselage sides and supported on pylons at the rear above the tailplane which had twin endplate fins and rudders. Equipped with a fuselage-mounted retractable tricycle undercarriage and with ‘he ald of two solid-propellant RATO units, it ‘was capable of deployment from unhard- ened forward alrields te (ull its ground attack function, and could also be used as a fighter ‘The co-operation between Argus and Junkers was aimed above all a reducing the amount of eritical materials and manufactur: ing time in which its simple design and con- struction in Baukasten (building-block) form suited it primasily for series-production by small firms in the last months of the war, Asa resultofthe destruction of the al Junkers and those of the parts manufacturers as well as the continual advance of Russian forces, the production plan was go longer possible to ceany out. It was presumably this proposal that was mentioned by Prof Heinrich Hertel of Junkers al the EHK conference in November 1944 as ” ‘avery cheap and simple fighter and ground attack aireraft powered by’ two Argus As 014 pulsejels. is range of 300-350km (280-310 miles) and endurance of 40-50 minutes, how: ‘ever, was considered to be completely inad- ‘equate, so that the project's realisation was ‘considered impracticable. No objection was raised atthe time to its further development for experimental pusposes but with no inten: lion to place it in quantity Production, Argus-Junkers Ground Attack Project ~ data owt, ( 78) aes Taeine Son sce nen Let tige ae el sem i Hegtatessy 1 fen esha en sate Wogaea sm ssa Wega laste ss oct see stig nent ‘air eu gene ndesigieds sR ARNO ele2 Grouno ATrack AIRCRAFT ~ 1944-1945,‘The term Kampfzerstorer (Kampf = battle or ‘combat, Zerstorer = destroyer) was a con- ECINL PURPOSE AIRCRAFT‘Arado E5606 Project I works thresew ‘raving showing six MICIO8 nose cannon and rearward-frng MG1S1 beneath te fn nd e ache ‘Sehtchielange: | \ Somewhat primitive in overall appearance, the P2030 high-altitude Zerstorer of June 1944 resembled aircraft dating from the 1990s. is simple ‘lines’ however, embodied a ‘new development in the positioning of the powerplants that were revolutionary at the time With the P 203, Dring Richard Vogt sought tocombine the reciprocating engine and tur- Fast Bowsea Proiects 1944-1945 bojet into one cohesive unit which, with reduced lrontal area, promised considerable advantages: take-off from grass without RATO units, greater acceleration when used ‘asa Zerstorer, increased range as a bomber, ‘and increased duration as a night fighter and Zerstrer. Anoteworthy feature was the dou ble rectangular wing which Dr Vogt termed a ‘step wing’, where the inner portion was of ui