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Ash Handling Plant

The document discusses ash handling and disposal processes at thermal power plants. It notes that 40% of coal burned is converted to ash, so plant sites must consider ash disposal. Ashes are categorized as fly ash, dry ash, or bottom ash. There are wet and dry systems to process ash. The wet system mixes ashes with water into slurry and includes areas for bottom ash, fly ash equipment, and controls. The dry system only handles dry ash using baghouses to remove particulates from flue gas.

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365 views

Ash Handling Plant

The document discusses ash handling and disposal processes at thermal power plants. It notes that 40% of coal burned is converted to ash, so plant sites must consider ash disposal. Ashes are categorized as fly ash, dry ash, or bottom ash. There are wet and dry systems to process ash. The wet system mixes ashes with water into slurry and includes areas for bottom ash, fly ash equipment, and controls. The dry system only handles dry ash using baghouses to remove particulates from flue gas.

Uploaded by

SovanSur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASH HANDLING PLANT

In a thermal power plant one of the biggest problems is ash handling and ash
disposal.40% of the total coal used gets converted into ashes after combustion .So for the
construction of a thermal power station three major factors should be kept in mind for ash
disposal. They are:-

1. Plant Site
2. Water Source
3. Environmental Regulation

Fig: Ash formation after combustion in furnace of steam boiler.

The Ashes produced are divided into three categories .

ASH

Fly Ash Bottom Ash Dry Ash

An amount of 4% coal gets mixed with ash and we cannot segregate that amount of
unburnt coal .There are two systems by which is ash is processed.

 Wet System
 Dry system
Wet System
In this system ashes from Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP),Bottom Ash Hopper and Air-Preheater
are mixed with water to form slurry.

The wet system consists of :-

1. Bottom Ash Area.


 Bottom Ash Hopper: The bottom ash hopper resides just below the furnace
where the the unburnt coal (4%) and ash gets deposited.

Fig: Bottom Ash Hopper

 In this figure the function of line of refractive cooling is to cool down the hot ash which is
coming from the furnace after burning of coal.
 The function of jetting line is to move the ash by the high velocity water jet.
 The function of flush line is to remove the ash which remains unremoved after jetting high
velocity water.
 Clinker Grinder:
A clinker grinder is a useful component in those ash conveying systems where coarse
bottom ash or other coarsely sized material must be reduced in size so as to be suitable for
pneumatic conveyance or other means of ash handling.

Fig: Clinker Grinder

 Hydro Ejector:
The function of Hydro Ejector is to eject a water jet through nozzle which forces the ash-
slurry to go into the sump.

Fig: Hydro Ejector

 Over flow tank:


The function of over flow tank is to deposite the overflowing water from sump.

 Economiser pump:
The function of economiser pump is to convert fly ash to bottom ash of economiser hopper.

 Bottom Ash Overflow Pump:


When water in bottom ash hopper is increased then it goes to bottom ash overflow pump
through bottom ash overflow pump and then to sump.
2. Fly Ash Equipment Tower Area

 Vacuum Breaker:
It resides just below the connecting tank. It acts as a safety device. It protects the pipes
from damage if vacuum is created it will draw ash and pipes will choke so vacuum breaker is
present to break the vacuum.

 Wetting Unit:
It resides just above the collector tank near the ESP Here the fly ash enters and high pressure
water is forced to enter through 22 nozzles which produces slurry.

 Collector Tank:
It is present just below the wetting unit where the slurry gets collected and from there it
goes to sump.

 Seal Box:
The function of seal box is to seal the air so that air does not enter the economiser hopper.
If air enters then that air will be sucked by ID fans and it may enter the economiser.

 Air Washer:
The function of air washer is to prevent the vacuum pump from damage by collecting ash and
not letting the ash to go to the vacuum pump

 Vaccum Pump:
This is the pup that creates vacuum to suck the ash.
3. Control Room Area

 High Pressure Pump


 Low Pressure Pump
 Slurry Pump
 Seal Pump
 Compressor
 Ash Water Pump
 Common Trough
 Drain Pumps
 Collecting Units
 Dry Units
4. Electrostatic Precipitator:
It is a device used to control the rate of pollution caused by the carbon particles & ashes
carried by the flue gas .It consists of two electrodes .The flue gas is passed through the ESP
on their way to chimney. Electric field is produced across the electrodes. Due to the high
voltage ( 50 KV-100 KV) corona discharge takes place which ionises the carbon and ash
particles. They acquire negative charge and gets attracted towards the collecting
plate(positively charged).Thus migration of ionised particles take place and deposition takes
place on the collecting electrodes. After every fifteen minutes the rapping hammer is
hammered on the collecting plates which dislodges the accumulated ashes and carbon
particles.

Fig: Schematic of Electrostatic Precipitator


The ash gets deposited on the ESP hopper.From there it is removed for disposal by vacum
pump.
Fig: Electrostatic precipitator

DRY SYSTEM:
The dry system is only for dry ash. It is divided into two parts .

Baghouse

Baghouse is an air pollution control device that removes particulates out of air or gas
released from commercial processes or combustion for electricity generation.

Unlike electrostatic precipitator, where performance may vary significantly


depending on process and electrical conditions, functioning baghouses typically have a particulate
collection efficiency of 99% or better, even when particle size is very small.

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