Tel: 017 250 290

(tan x + cot x) =
2

1
1

+
2
sin x cos 2 x

(tan x + cot x) 2 =

1
1
+
2
sin x cos 2 x

(tan x + cot x) 2 =tan 2 x + 2 tan x cotx + cot 2 x

tan x.cot x = 1 (tan x + cot x=
) 2 tan 2 x + 2 + cot 2 x

= (1 + tan 2 x) + (1 + cot 2 x)
1
cos x

1
sin x

1 + cot x =
1 + tan x =
2
2
2

(tan x + cot x) =
2

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

1
1

+
2
sin x cos 2 x

2

(1 + sin x + cos x) =2(1 + sin x)(1 + cos x)

(1 + sin x + cos x) 2 =2(1 + sin x)(1 + cos x)

(a + b + c) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + bc + ca

2
2
(1 + sin x + cos x) 2 =
1 + sin
x((
+ cos
x + 2sin x + 2 cos x + 2sin x cos x
((
1

=
2 + 2sin x + 2 cos x + 2sin x cos x
=
2(1 + sin x) + 2 cos x(1 + sin x)
=
(1 + sin x)(2 + 2 cos x)
=+
2(1 sin x)(1 + cos x)
(1 + sin x + cos x) 2 =2(1 + sin x)(1 + cos x)

Page 1



2
(1 + sin 2 x)(1 + cos 2 x) (1 sinxcosx)=
(sin x + cos x) 2

(1 + sin x)(1 + cos x) (1 sinxcosx)= (sin x + cos x)

2

A =
(1 + sin x)(1 + cos x) ; B =
(1 sinxcosx)
2

A =
1 + cos 2 x + sin 2 x + sin 2 x cos 2 x

= 1 + 1 + sin 2 x cos 2 x = 2 + sin 2 x cos 2 x

B =
(1 sin x cos x) =
1 2sin x cos x + sin x cos x
2

A B = (2 + sin 2 x cos 2 x) (1 2sin x cos x + sin 2 x cos 2 x)

= 2 + sin 2 x cos 2 x 1 + 2sin x cos x sin 2 x cos 2 x

=
1 + 2sin x cos x =
sin 2 x + cos 2 x + 2sin x cos x =
(sin x + cos x) 2
2
(1 + sin 2 x)(1 + cos 2 x) (1 sinxcosx)=
(sin x + cos x) 2

1 3sin x cos x
sin x + cos x =
6

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

1 3sin x cos x
sin x + cos x =
6

=
y sin x + cos x
6

= (sin 2 x)3 + (cos 2 x)3

2
2
=
(sin
x((
+ cos
x)(sin 4 x sin 2 x cos 2 x + cos 4 x)
((
1

= sin x sin 2 x cos 2 x + cos 4 x = (sin 4 x + 2sin 2 x cos 2 x + cos 4 x) 3sin 2 x cos 2 x
4

=+
(sin 2 x cos 2 x) 2 3sin 2 x cos 2 x =
1 3sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin x + cos x =
1 3sin x cos x
6

0 < x < 90

(1 + tan x)(1 + cot x) =

(1 + tan x)(1 + cot x) =

tan x + cot x

tan x + cot x

(1 + tan x)(1 + cot x) =

1 + cot x + tan x + tan x cot x

=
1 + cot x + tan x + 1 =
2 + tan x + cot x

=
( tan x ) 2 + 2( tan x )( cot x ) + ( cot x ) 2 =
( tan x + cot x ) 2

(1 + tan x)(1 + cot x) =

tan x + cot x
Page 2


2
cos 2 x

(1 + tan x) + (1 tan x) =
2

2
cos 2 x

(1 + tan x) + (1 tan x) =
2

(1 + tan x) 2 =
1 + 2 tan x + tan 2 x

(1) (1 tan x) 2 =
1 2 tan x + tan 2 x (2)
1
cos x

2
(1) (2) (1 + tan x) 2 + (1 tan x) 2 = 2(1 + tan 2 x) 1 + tan x =
2

cos 2 x

(1 + tan x) + (1 tan x) =
2

1
1

2
2
1 + sin x 1 + cos x

Y =
(2 + sin 2 x cos 2 x)

1
1

2
2
1 + sin x 1 + cos x
1
1
1 + cos 2 x + 1 + sin 2 x

+
=
1 + sin 2 x 1 + cos 2 x (1 + sin 2 x)(1 + cos 2 x)
Y =
(2 + sin 2 x cos 2 x)

2 + (sin 2 x + cos 2 x)
=
1 + sin 2 x + cos 2 x + sin 2 x cos 2 x
2 +1
3
= =
2
2
2
1 + 1 + sin x cos x 2 + sin x cos 2 x
3
1
1

Y =
(2 + sin 2 x cos 2 x)
=
3
(2 + sin 2 x cos 2 x)
+
=
2
2
2
2 + sin x cos 2 x
1 + sin x 1 + cos x

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

Y = 3

Y =

2 + 2 + 2 + tan16 x + cot16 x

Y =

2 + 2 + 2 + tan16 x + cot16 x

tan x cot x = 1
Y =

2 + 2 + 2 + tan16 x + cot16 x

= 2 + 2 + (tan 8 x) 2 + 2 tan 8 x cot 8 x + (cot 8 x) 2

= 2 + 2 + (tan 8 x + cot 8 x) 2 = 2 + 2 + tan 8 x + cot 8 x
=
2 + (tan 4 x) 2 + 2 tan 4 x cot 4 x + (cot 4 x) 2

Page 3

=2 + (tan 4 x + cot 4 x) 2 =2 + tan 4 x + cot 4 x

= (tan 2 x) 2 + 2 tan 2 x cot 4 x + (cot 2 x) 2 = (tan 2 x + cot 2 x) 2 =
tan 2 x + cot 2 x

Y tan x + cot x
=
2

1
cos a cos 2

(tan a + tan ) + (1 tan a tan ) =
2

1
cos a cos 2

2
2

(tan a + tan ) + (1 tan a tan ) =

(tan a + tan ) =tan a + 2 tan a tan + tan

2

(1)

(1 tan a tan ) =
1 2 tan a tan + tan a tan (2)
2

(1) (2)

(tan a + tan ) 2 + (1 tan a tan ) 2 =1 + tan 2 a + tan 2 + tan 2 a tan 2

=
(1 + tan 2 a ) + (tan 2 + tan 2 a tan 2 )
=
(1 + tan 2 a ) + tan 2 (1 + tan 2 a )
1
1
=

(1 + tan 2 a )(1 + tan 2 ) =

2
cos a cos 2
1
(tan a + tan ) 2 + (1 tan a tan ) 2 = 2

cos a cos 2

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

Y=

4sin 2 x + cos 4 x + 4 cos 2 x + sin 4 x

Y=

4sin 2 x + cos 4 x + 4 cos 2 x + sin 4 x

sin x + cos x =

1
2

sin x = 1 cos x cos x = 1 sin x

2

Y =

4(1 cos 2 x) + cos 4 x + 4(1 sin 2 x) + sin 4 x

= 4 4 cos 2 x + cos 4 x + 4 4sin 2 x + sin 4 x

= (2 cos 2 x) 2 + (2 sin 2 x) 2
=| 2 cos 2 x | + | 2 sin 2 x |
1 sin x 1 1 cos x 1 0 sin x 1 0 cos x 1
2

Y = 2 cos x + 2 sin x = 4 (cos x + sin x) = 4 1 = 3

2

Y = 3

Page 4

tan a =

5
0o < < 90o cos
cot
, sin
12

cos
cot
, sin

5
1
1 + tan 2 a =
0o < < 90o
12
cos 2 a
1
1
144
0o < < 90o cos > 0

cos 2 a
=
=
=
2
2
1 + tan a
169
5
1+
12
12
cos =

13
sin a
5 12 5
1
12
tan a =
sin a tan a =
cos a =
.
=
a =
=
cot

cos a
12 13 13
tan a 5
12
5
12
cos
; sin
; cot
=
=
=

13
13
5

tan a =

41
29

sin x + cos x = sin x.cos x sin x cos x

sin x.cos x
(sin x + cos x) =sin
2

111 Trigonometry
Lim
x + 2sin xby
cos x phalkun
+ cos x
2

41
sin x + cos x = sin 2 x + cos 2 x =
1
29
2
412 292 840
41

2sin
=
x
cos
x
=
=
1
+
2sin
x
cos
x

292
841
29
420
sin x.cos x =

841
sin x cos x :

41
29

sin x + cos x =

420
sin x cos x
841
41
420
X2
X+
=
0

29
841
20
21
=
X1 =
; X2

29
29
20
21
21
20
=
sin x =
; cos x
=
=
; cos x
sin x

29
29
29
29
sin x.cos x =

Page 5

a 0 < x < 90o a 2

tan x + cot x =
tan 3 x + cot 3 x a

tan 3 x + cot 3 x a
tan x + cot x =
a2
a (tan x + cot x) 2 =

tan 2 x + 2 tan x cot x + cot 2 x =

a2
tan x cot x = 1 tan 2 x + cot 2 x =
a2 2
A3 + B 3 = ( A + B )( A2 A.B + B 2 )
tan 3 x + cot 3 x = (tan x + cot x)(tan 2 x tan x cot x + cot 2 x)

= a (a 2 2 1)
= a (a 2 3)
tan 3 x + cot 3 x =
a 3 3a

=
cos a

m
n
p
=
, cos b =
, cos c
n+ p
p+m
m+n

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

sin 2 a
sin 2 b
sin 2 c
M=
+
+
2 + 2 cos a sin 2 a 2 + 2 cos b sin 2 b 2 + 2 cos c sin 2 c

M=

sin 2 a
sin 2 b
sin 2 c
+
+
2 + 2 cos a sin 2 a 2 + 2 cos b sin 2 b 2 + 2 cos c sin 2 c

sin 2 a =
1 cos 2 a =
(1 cos a )(1 + cos a ) 2 + 2 cos a sin 2 a =
1 + 2 cos a + cos 2 a =
(1 + cos a ) 2

sin 2 a
(1 cos a )(1 + cos a ) 1 cos a
=
=
2
2 + 2 cos a sin a
(1 + cos a ) 2
1 + cos a
2
sin b
1 cos b

=
2
2 + 2 cos b sin b 1 + cos b
sin 2 c
1 cos c

=
2
2 + 2 cos c sin c 1 + cos c
1 cos a 1 cos b 1 cos c
+
+
E =
1 + cos a 1 + cos b 1 + cos c
m
n
p
1
1
1
n+ pm+ p+mn+m+n p
n+ p
p+m
m+n
= =
+
+
= 1
m
n
p
m+n+ p
1+
1+
1+
n+ p
p+m
m+n
E = 1

Page 6


x IR

1
1
1 1
(sin 8 x + cos8 x) (sin 4 x + cos 4 x) + =sin 4 x cos 4 x
4
2
4 2

1
1
1 1
(sin 8 x + cos8 x) (sin 4 x + cos 4 x) + =sin 4 x cos 4 x
4
2
4 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
(a + b) =a + 2ab + b a + b = (a + b) 2ab

a + b = (a + b ) 2a b
4

2 2

2 2

a 4 + b 4 = ( a + b) 2 2ab 2a 2b 2
2

a = sin 2 x b = cos 2 x

sin 4 x + cos 4 x = (sin 2 x + cos 2 x) 2 2sin 2 x cos 2 x

= 1 2sin 2 x cos 2 x

sin 8 x + cos8 x = (sin 2 x + cos 2 x) 2 2sin 2 x cos 2 x 2sin 4 x cos 4 x

=
(1 2sin 2 x cos 2 x) 2 2sin 4 x cos 4 x
=
1 4sin 2 x cos 2 x + 2sin 4 x cos 4 x

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

1
1
1
(sin 8 x + cos8 x) (sin 4 x + cos 4 x) +
4
2
4
1
1
1
= (1 4sin 2 x cos 2 x + 2sin 4 x cos 4 x) (1 2sin 2 x cos 2 x) +
4
2
4
2
2
4
4
2
2
1 4sin x cos x + 2sin x cos x 2 + 4sin x cos x + 1
=
4
4
4
2sin x cos x 1 4
= =
sin x cos 4 x
4
2
1
1
1 1
(sin 8 x + cos8 x) (sin 4 x + cos 4 x) + =sin 4 x cos 4 x

4
2
4 2

f ( x) =

b
, a0,b0

tan =
a
3

cos 4
3

sin 4
3

1
=
3 2
a + 3 b2

cos 4

sin 4

1
=
3 2
3 2
3 2
a
b
a + 3 b2
sin
b
b
cos sin
3
= 3 3 = 3
=
tan =
tan
a
cos
a
a
b
2
2
2
2
cos sin cos + sin
1
=
= =
3 2
3 2
3 2
3 2
3 2
a
b
a + b
a + 3 b2

Page 7

cos 2
3

a2

cos 4
3

a2

=
=

1
3

a 2 + 3 b2
3

a2

cos 4
3

a2

sin 4
3

b2

sin 2
3

( 3 a 2 + 3 b2 )2

cos 4
3

b2

sin 4
3

b2

a 2 + 3 b2
=

b2

( 3 a 2 + 3 b2 )2

3 2
sin 4
a + 3 b2
+ =
=
3 2
b
( 3 a 2 + 3 b2 )2

1
3

a + 3 b2
2

1
=

3 2
a + 3 b2

cos 4 x sin 4 x
1

+
= a 0 , b 0 , a + b 0
a
b
a+b
10
cos x sin10 x
1
+
=4


4
4
a
b
( a + b)

cos 4 x sin 4 x
1
+
=
a
b
a+b

(a + b)(b cos 4 x + a sin 4 x) =

ab

111 Trigonometry
x + ab (sin x + cos x 1 ) =
0
by
phalkun
Lim
x 2ab sin x cos x =
0

ab cos 4 x + a 2 sin 4 x + b 2 cos 4 x + ab sin 4 x ab =

0
a sin x + b cos
2

a 2 sin 2 x + b 2 cos 4

(a sin 2 x b cos 2 x) =
0
cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x + sin 2 x
1
=
=
a
b
a+b
a+b
10
2
cos x
a
cos x
1
=

=
4
a
a+b
a
( a + b)5
=

sin10 x
a
sin 2 x
1

=
4
b
a+b
b
( a + b)5

(1) (2)

cos10 x sin10 x
1
+
=4
4
4
a
b
( a + b)

(2)

cos10 x sin10 x
a+b
1
+
=
=
4
4
5
a
b
( a + b)
( a + b) 4

a
b
c
2 a
+ tan 2 + tan 2 =
=
, cos b =
, cos
1
tan
b+c
c+a
a+b
2
2
2

=
cos a

tan

(1)

+ tan 2 + tan 2 =
1
2
2
2
Page 8

a
1
1 cos a
b+c b+ca
=
tan
= =
2 1 + cos a 1 + a
b+c+a
b+c
b
c
1
1
1 cos
c
+
a

b
1

cos

2
2
c+a
a+b a+bc
=
=
tan
tan
= =
= =
2 1 + cos 1 + b
2 1 + cos 1 + c
c+a+b
a+b+c
c+a
a+b
a
b

b+c a c + a b a +bc
+
+
tan 2 + tan 2 + tan 2 =

2
2
2
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
a
b

b+c a +c + a b+ a +bc
tan 2 + tan 2 + tan 2 =
2
2
2
a+b+c
a

+
+
a
b
c
= 1
tan 2 + tan 2 + tan 2 =
2
2
2
a+b+c

1 cos
1 + cos
=
=
, cos 2
sin
2
2
2
2
2

tan

+ tan 2 + tan 2 =
1
2
2
2

tan 3a tan 2a tan a =

tan 3a tan 2a tan a a

k
2

tan 3a tan 2a tan a =

tan 3a tan 2a tan a
tan
=
3a tan(2a + a )

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

tan 2a + tan a
1 tan 2a tan a
tan 3a (1 tan 2a tan a ) =
tan 2a + tan a
tan 3a tan 3a tan 2a tan a =
tan 2a + tan a
tan 3a =

tan 3a tan 2a tan a =

tan 3a tan 2a tan a

=
f k ( x)

1
1
(sin k x + cos k x) k = 1 ; 2 ; 3 ;... f 4 ( x) f 6 ( x) =

12
k

1
12

f 4 ( x) f 6 ( x) =

1
1
1
(sin 4 x + cos 4 x) =[ (sin 2 x + cos 2 x) 2 2sin 2 x cos 2 x ] = ( 1 2sin 2 x cos 2 x
4
4
4
1
1
(sin 2 x + cos 2 x)3 3sin 2 x cos 2 x(sin 2 x + cos 2 x)
=
f 6 ( x)
(sin 6 x + cos 6 x) =

6
6
1
= ( 1 3sin 2 x cos 2 x )
6
1 1 1
1
f 4 ( x) f 6 ( x) = =
f 4 ( x) f 6 ( x) =
4 6 12
12
=
f 4 ( x)

Page 9

sin a + 7 sin b = 4(sin c + 2sin d )

cos a + 7 cos b = 4(cos c + 2 cos d )

a , b , c , d [ 0 ; ]

2 cos( a =
d ) 7 cos(b c)

2 cos( a =
d ) 7 cos(b c)

sin a + 7 sin b = 4(sin c + 2sin d )

cos a + 7 cos b = 4(cos c + 2 cos d )

sin a 8sin d = 4sin c 7 sin b

cos a 8cos d = 4 cos c 7 cos b

( sin a 8sin d ) 2 =(4sin c 7 sin b) 2 (i )

2
2
( cos a 8cos d ) =(4 cos c 7 cos b) (ii )

(i ) (ii )

65 16 cos(a d ) = 65 56 cos(b c)
16 cos(a d ) =
56 cos(b c)

2 cos( a =
d ) 7 cos(b c)

a ; b ; c ; d

sin x
a

x =

sin 2 x sin 3x sin 4 x

= =
x k ; k Z
b
c
d

a 3 (4b 2 d 2 )= b 4 (3a c)

a 3 (4b 2 d 2 )= b 4 (3a c)

sin x
a

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

sin 2 x sin 3x sin 4 x

= = = t
b
c
d

sin x = at
sin 2 x = bt
sin 3 x = ct
sin 4 x = dt

sin 4 x = 2sin 2 x cos 2 x

sin 2 4 x = 4sin 2 2 x cos 2 2 x

=
sin 2 4 x 4sin 2 2 x(1 sin 2 2 x)
2 2
d=
t
4b 2t 2 (1 b 2t 2 )

=
t2

1
d2

b 2 4b 2

(1)

sin
=
3 x 3sin x 4sin 3 x

sin
=
3 x sin x(3 4sin 2 x)
=
ct at (3 4a 2t 2 )
1
c
=
t2
(3 ) ( 2 )

2
4a
a

Page 10

1
d2
1

=
1
2
2
b 4b 4a 2

(1) ( 2 )

c
4b 2 d 2 3a c

=
3

a
4b 4
4a 3

a 3b 4 a 3 (4b 2 d 2 )= b 4 (3a c)
a 3 (4b 2 d 2 )= b 4 (3a c)

<0
3x 1

2
60 x 71x + 21 < 0 sin

<0
3x 1

sin

f ( x) = 60 x 71x + 21

= (71) 4(60)(21) = 5041 5040 = 1

71 1 7
71 + 39 3
=
=
, x2
=
120 12
120
5
7
3
<x<

f ( x)= 60 x 2 71x + 21 < 0

12
5
3
4
4
1
4
< 3x 1 <
<
<

4
5
5 3x 1 3
4

4

<
<

sin
<0
5
3x 1
3
3x 1
=
x1

7
9
< 3x <
4
5

111 Trigonometry < 0

3x 1

by phalkun Lim

2
x 60 x 71x + 21 < 0 sin

. sin

cos
10
10
2
2
2

. x + ( x y ) 4( x + y ) sin
2

10

x, y IR

cos
10
10
2 3
2
3
3
=

= sin( ) = cos

sin
10 2 10
10
2 10
10
. sin

sin 2a = 2sin a cos a =

cos 3a 4 cos3 a 3cos a

2sin
2sin
2sin
2sin

10

cos

10

= cos

3
10

cos
3cos 4 cos3
=
10
10
10
10

10

10

= 3 4 cos 2

10

=3 4(1 sin 2

10

Page 11

4sin 2

2sin 1 =0
=
t sin
>0
10
10
10

=
t1
4t 2t 1 = 0 , ' = 1 + 4 = 5 > 0
2

sin

1 5
1+ 5
< 0 , t2 =
4
4

1+ 5

1+ 5 2
10 2 5
2
+ cos 2 =
1 cos =
=
sin
1 (
) =
10
10
10
4
10
4
4

cos

10 2 5
=
10
4

. x + ( x y ) 4( x + y ) sin
2

10

f ( x ; y ) = x + ( x y ) 4( x + y ) sin
2

10

1+ 5 2
)
4
6+2 5
= 2 x 2 2 xy + y 2 4( x 2 + y 2 )
16
3+ 5
= 2 x 2 2 xy + y 2 ( x 2 + y 2 )
2
1 5 2
1+ 5 2
x 2 xy
y
=
2
2
5 1 2
5 +1 2
x + 2 xy +
y
=

2
2

f ( x ; y ) = x + x 2 xy + y 4( x + y )(
2

5 1
x+
2

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun
Lim

x + ( x y ) 4( x + y ) sin
2

5 +1
y 0 , x, y IR

10

sin( a ) a
cos( ) c
ac + bd
=
= cos(a b ) =

sin( b ) b
cos( ) d
ad + bc

ac + bd
ad + bc
sin( a ) a
cos( ) c
= (1)
=
(2)

sin( b ) b
cos( ) d
sin( a ) cos( a ) a c

(1) (2)
+
=
+

sin( b ) cos( b ) b d
sin( a ) cos( b ) + sin( b ) cos( a ) ad + bc
=
bd
sin( b ) cos( b )
ad + bc
sin(2 a b )
(3)
=
bd
sin( b ) cos( b )

cos(a b ) =

Page 12

 (2)

cos( ) d
=
(4)
cos( ) c

sin( a ) cos( b ) a d
+
=
+
sin( b ) cos( a ) b c
sin( a ) cos( a ) + sin( b ) cos( b ) ac + bd
=
bc
sin( b ) cos( a )
1
1
sin(2 2a ) + sin(2 2 b )
ac + bd
2
2
=
bc
sin( b ) cos( a )
sin(2 a b ) cos(a + b ) ac + bd
=
(5)
bc
sin( b ) cos( a )
cos(a + b ) cos( b ) d ac + bd
=

(5) (3)

cos( a )
c ad + bc
cos(a + b ) cos( b ) c ac + bd
. =

cos( a )
d ad + bc
cos(a + b ) cos( b ) cos( a ) ac + bd
ac + bd
(2) (6)
.
=
cos(a =
+ b)
cos( a )
cos( b ) ad + bc
ad + bc
ac + bd
cos(a b ) =

ad + bc

(1) (4)

cos x
a

a+c b+d

=
b
c

cos( x + ) cos( x + 2 ) cos( x + 3 )

=
=
b
c
d

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

a = t cos x
b t cos( x + )
=
cos x cos( x + ) cos( x + 2 ) cos( x + 3 ) 1

= =
=
=
=
a
b
c
d
t
c t cos( x + 2 )
d t cos( x + 3 )
=

+ c t [ cos x + cos( x + 2=
)] 2t cos cos( x +=
) 2b cos
a=

b=
+ d t [ cos( x + ) + cos( x + 3=
)] 2t cos cos( x + =
2 ) 2c cos

a + c 2b cos b
a+c b+d

=
=
b + d 2c cos c
b
c
a+c b+d

=
b
c

b cos (a b )
cos( a ) =
a sin( b ) =
b a 2ab sin(a b ) +=
2

a
cos( a ) =

b
sin( b ) =

a (1)
cos cos a + sin sin a =

sin cos =
b (2)
sin cos bb
Page 13

(1) sin
(2) cos

bb
) (a sin + b cos a ) 2 (3)
=
sin cos(a bb
) a sin + b cos a sin 2 cos 2 (a =

(2) sin
(1) cos

bb
) (a cos b sin a ) 2 (4)
cos cos(a bb
=
) a cos b sin a cos 2 cos 2 (a =

(3) (4)

(sin 2 + cos 2 ) cos 2 (a =

bb
) (a sin + b cos a ) 2 + (a cos b b sin a ) 2
sin cos a )
cos 2 (a b ) = a 2 + b 2 2ab(sin a cos bb
cos 2 (a b ) = a 2 + b 2 2ab sin(a b )

b cos (a b )
a 2ab sin(a b ) +=
2

cos cos
=
cos cos cos sin = 2sin
=
tan 2

tan 2

a
2

= tan 2

= tan 2

tan 2

tan 2

sin = 2sin

sin

sin 2 =
4sin 2

=
(1 cos )(1 cos )
111
Trigonometry
2
2
2
cos

by phalkun
cos = cos Lim

sin

sin 2

=
cos cos
=
cos cos cos

cos = cos

cos

cos
cos
)(1
)
cos
cos
cos + cos
1
=
1 cos 2
1
cos +
cos 2
cos cos
cos cos

2
1
cos + cos
=
cos
1 +
cos
cos cos
cos cos
cos + cos
cos 0 cos =
(1)
1 + cos cos
sin =
(1
2

sin 2
2 a
2 1 cos a (2)
tan
= =
a
2 cos 2
1 + cos a
2
(1) (2)

Page 14

cos + cos
1
a
1 + cos cos 1 + cos cos cos cos
=
tan 2
=
2 1 + cos + cos 1 + cos cos + cos + cos
1 + cos cos
(1 cos ) cos (1 cos ) (1 cos )(1 cos )
=
(1 + cos ) + cos (1 + cos ) (1 + cos )(1 + cos )

1 cos 1 cos
=

= tan 2 tan 2
2
1 + cos 1 + cos
2
a

tan 2 = tan 2 tan 2

2
2
2

y
z
=
tan( + a ) tan( + ) tan( + )
x+ y 2
y+z 2
z+x 2

sin ( ) +
sin ( ) +
sin ( ) =
0

x y
yz
zx

x+ y 2
y+z 2
z+x 2
sin ( ) +
sin ( ) +
sin ( ) =
0
x y
yz
zx
x + y tan( + a ) + tan( + )
x
y
z
= =

=
x y tan( + a ) tan( + )
tan( + a ) tan( + ) tan( + )
sin( p + q )
sin( p q )
tan p + tan q =
tan p tan q =

cos p cos q
cos p cos q
x + y sin(2 + + )
=
sin( )
x y
cos(2 + 2 ) cos(2 + 2 )
x+ y 2
x+ y 2
sin ( =
) sin(2 + + ) sin( )
sin ( =
)
(1)
x y
x y
2
cos(2 + 2 ) cos(2 + 2 )
y+z 2
(2)
y z sin ( ) =
2

cos(2 + 2 ) cos(2 + 2 )
z + x sin 2 ( ) =
(3)
2
z x
x+ y 2
y+z 2
z+x 2

(1) , (2) (3)

sin ( ) +
sin ( ) +
sin ( ) =
0

x y
yz
zx

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

cos = cos cos tan

tan

a
2

, tan

, tan

tan 2

+a
2
= tan

a
2

, tan

, tan

+a
2

+a
2

.tan

a
2

Page 15

 tan

+a
2

tan

+ tan

1 tan

tan

2 tan

tan 2

tan

1 + tan

tan

tan

a
2

2sin 2
2 1 cos a
2
2 =
tan
=
tan
=
tan
a
a
2 2 cos 2 a 1 + cos a
2
2
1 tan 2 tan 2
2
2
2

cos

cos
a
cos

=
( cos = cos cos )
tan 2
=
2 1 + cos 1 + cos a cos
1 cos a cos 1 cos a

+a
a
1 + cos a cos 1 + cos a
a = cos a b = cos b
tan
tan
=
1 cos a cos 1 cos a
2
2
1

1 + cos a cos 1 + cos a

1 ab 1 a

+a
a
tan
tan
= 1 + ab 1 + a
1 ab 1 a
2
2
1

1 + ab 1 + a
(1 ab)(1 + a ) (1 + ab)(1 a )
=
(1 + ab)(1 + a ) (1 ab)(1 a )

+a

tan 2

1 + a ab a 2b 1 + a ab + a 2b
=
1 + a + ab + a 2b 1 + a + ab a 2b
2a 2ab 1 b 1 cos bb
=
= =
= tan 2
2a + 2ab 1 + b 1 + cos b
2
a

+a
tan

, tan , tan
2
2
2

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

0 < a <
0 < b <
2
2

sin 2 a cos 2 a

1 a = b
+
=
sin b cos b

sin 2 a cos 2 a
sin 4 a cos 4 a
2
2

+
=
1
+
(sin
b
cos
b
)
1

2 +
=
2
sin b cos b
sin b cos b
cos 2 b 4
sin 2 b
+
a
sin 4 a + cos 4 a +
sin
cos 4 a =
1
sin 2 b
cos 2 b
cos 2 b 4
sin 2 b
+
a
1 2sin 2 a cos 2 a +
sin
cos 4 a =
1
2
2
sin b
cos b
2

sin b
cos b 2

sin a
cos 2 a ) =
0

cos b
sin b

cos b 2
sin b
sin 2 a sin 2 b
sin a =
cos 2 a

=
tan 2 a = tan 2 b
2
2
sin b
cos b
cos a cos b
0 < a <

0 < b <
a = b
2
2

Page 16



cos x + cos ( x +
7

2
4
63
x
) + cos 7 ( x + ) =
cos 3 x
3
3
64

2
4
63
) + cos 7 ( x + ) =
cos 3 x
3
3
64
2
4
n
n
) + cos n ( x + ) (i )
En ( x) = cos x + cos ( x +
3
3
cos 7 x + cos 7 ( x +

3
1
cos x + cos 3 x
4
4
3
1
cos n x
cos n 2 x + cos 3 x cos n 3 x (1)
=
cos n 3 x
4
4
2
3
2
1
2
n
)
cos n 2 ( x + ) + cos 3 x cos n 3 ( x + ) (2)
cos ( x + =
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
1
4
cos n ( x + =
)
cos n 2 ( x + ) + cos 3 x cos n 3 ( x + ) (3)
3
4
3
4
3
3
1
En ( x)
En 2 ( x) + cos 3 x En 3 ( x) (ii )
(1); (2) (3) =
4
4
(i ) =
n 0=
; n 1=
, n 2
=
x
=
cos 3 x 4 cos3 x 3cos x cos
3

E0 ( x) = 3
2

) + cos( x +
)
111 Trigonometry
3
3
1
3
1 Lim3
E ( x) =
x+
cos x by
cos x phalkun
sin x cos
sin x =
0

E1 ( x) = cos x + cos( x +
1

1
E2=
( x) cos 2 x + ( cos x
2
3
3
E2 ( x) = cos 2 x + sin 2 x =
2
2

3
1
3
sin x) 2 + ( cos x +
sin x) 2
2
2
2
3
2

(ii )
=
n 3=
; n 4=
, n 5=
; n 7

3
1
3
E3 ( x) =
E1 ( x) + cos 3 x E0 ( x) =
cos 3 x
4
4
4
3
1
9
E4 ( x) =
E2 ( x) + cos 3 xE1 ( x) =
4
4
8
1
9
3
15
3
E5 ( x) = E3 ( x) + cos 3 x E2 ( x) = cos 3 x + cos 3 x = cos 3 x
4
4
16
8
16
3
1
45
9
63
E7 ( x) = E5 ( x) + cos 3 x E4 ( x) = cos 3 x + cos 3 x = cos 3 x
4
4
64
32
64

2
4
63
7
7
) + cos 7 ( x + ) =
cos 3 x
cos x + cos ( x +
3
3
64

Page 17



a0 = 2 + 3 + 6 an +1 =

2 n 3
2
3

=
an cot

an 2 5
n 0
2(an + 2)

n IN

2 n 3

=
an cot
2
3

2
24

=
a0 cot
n = 0

6+ 2

1 + cos( ) 1 +
cos
2 cos 2
1 + cos
3=
4
24
24
12
4
=
= =
=
cot

24 sin
6 2
2sin cos
sin
sin( )
24
24
24
12
3 4
4
2
4 + 6 + 2 4( 6 + 2) + ( 6 + 2)
4( 6 + 2) + 8 + 4 3
=
=
=
=2 + 2 + 3 + 6
4
4
6 2

a0 =

2+ 3+ 6
2 n 3
2
3

an cot
=

n = 0

111
2 Trigonometry
cot

k + 1
2
3
by
phalkun Lim
k 3

=
k ak

ak 2 5
2k 2
2 k 3
=
a

=
2
cot
ak +1 cot
a

k +1

2
k
2(ak + 2)
3
3
2

k 3
k 3
2 k 3
2 k 3

22
22

cot
2
5
4 cot
1 cot
cot

1
3
3
3
3

ak +1 =
=
=
2
2 k 3
2 k 3
2 k 3
2 cot
2 cot
2 cot

3
3
2
2k 2
cot 2 a 1
cot 2a =

=
ak +1 cot
2
2 cot a
3

2 n 3
an cot
=
2
3

(U n ) IN
U n

2
2

=
U 0 =
U n +1

1 1 U n2
2

, n IN

U n

Page 18

U
=

= sin
2
4

U1
=

1 1U0
=
2
2

1 1 sin 2
4 sin
=
2
8

p U p = sin

1 1 U p2

U p +1 =

p
p

( p + 1) U p +1 = sin p +3
p+2
2
2

U p = sin

U p +1 =

U n = sin

=
2 2 cos

1 1 sin 2 p + 2
2
=
2

2n + 2

1 cos p + 2
2
=
2

p
2 p+2

2sin 2 p +3

2
=
sin p +3
2
2

, =
2 + 2 2 cos

, 2+ =
2 + 2 2 cos

24

=
2 2 cos

, =
2+ 2
22

2+ 2+ 2 =
2 cos

111 Trigonometry

2 cos
,
by
2 phalkun Lim
3

24

2 + 2 + 2 + ......... + 2 =
2 cos n +1

(n)

An = 2 + 2 + 2 + ...... + 2
((((((((

(n)

A1
=

=
2 2 cos

p
22

Ap = 2 + 2 + 2 + ...... + 2 = 2 cos p +1

2
( p)

p + 1 Ap +1 = 2 cos

Ap=

+1

2 p+2

2 + Ap

Page 19

p
2 p +1
ppp
2

Ap = 2 cos

Ap +1 =
2 + 2 cos

=
2 cos p + 2
2 p+2
2

2 + 2 + 2 + ......... + 2 =
2 cos n +1
((((((((
2
2 p +1

=
4 cos

(n)

2 cos(45o a )
cos a
o
(1 + tan1 )(1 + tan 2o )(1 + tan 3o )...(1 + tan 45o )
) P =

) 1 + tan a =

2 cos(45o a )
cos a

) 1 + tan a =

cos(45o =
a
a ) cos 45o cos a + sin 45o sin
=
=

1
sin a
cos a (1 +
)
=
cos a
2

2
2
cos a +
sin
a
=
2
2

1
(cos a + sin a )
2

1
cos a (1 + tan a )
2

2 cos(45o a )
2 cos(45o a )

= 1 + tan a 1 + tan a =
cos a
cos a
(1 + tan1o )(1 + tan 2o )(1 + tan 3o )...(1 + tan 45o )
) P =

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

2 cos 440
o
1 + tan1 = o
cos1

2 cos 43o
o
1 + tan 2 = o
cos 2

2 cos 42o
2 cos(45 a )
o
1 + tan a =
1 + tan 3 = o
cos 3
cos a

2 cos 0o
1 + tan 45o =

cos 45o

=
P

( 2)

45

cos 0o
=
cos 45o

2)
(=
46

223 ( cos 45o =

1
)
2

23
=
P 2=
8388608

Page 20

2 sin(135o )
) 1 + cot =
sin
o
(1 + cot1 )(1 + cot 2o )(1 + cot 3o )...(1 + cot134o )
) P =

2 sin(135o )
) 1 + cot =
sin
cos
sin + cos
o
+=
cos
2 sin(45=
+ )
2 sin(135o )
1 + cot =
sin
1+
=
sin
sin
o
2 sin(135 )

1 + cot =
sin
(1 + cot1o )(1 + cot 2o )(1 + cot 3o )...(1 + cot134o )
) P =
2 sin(135o )
1 + cot =

=
P

sin

1
2

( + cos

( 2 )=
134

67
2=
147573952589676412928

1
3 1
9 1
27
1

)( + cos )( + cos )( + cos

)=
20 2
20 2
20 2
20
16

111 Trigonometry
1
3
+
cos

by phalkun Lim 2 20

1
1
3 1
9 1
27
P =
( + cos )( + cos )( + cos )( + cos =
)
2
20 2
20 2
20 2
20

n =0

1
1
a 1
a
+ cos a = + 1 2sin 2 = (3 4sin 2 )
2
2
2 2
2

3a
sin
a
3a
a
a
a
a
2
sin
=3sin 4sin 2 =sin (3 4sin 2 ) 3 4sin 2 =
a
2 sin
2
2
2
2
2
2

3a
sin
1
1
+ cos a = 2
2
2 sin a
2

a =

3n
20

3n +1
3n 1 sin 40
1
.
+ cos
=
n
2
20 2 sin 3
40

3n +1
81
3
1 sin
1 sin
81

1
40 =
40
P . =
sin
) sin
= sin(2 + =
=
.
n
3 16 sin
40
40
40
16
n =0 2
sin

40
40

1
3 1
9 1
27
1
1

( + cos )( + cos
)( + cos )( + cos
)=
2
20 2
20 2
20 2
20
16

Page 21



cos3

cos3

S =cos3

cos3

4
7 3
+ cos3
=
9
9 8

4
7
+ cos3
9
9

3
1
cos a + cos 3a
4
4
3

4
7
1

4
7
S =
(cos cos
+ cos ) + (cos cos
+ cos )
4
9
9
9
4
3
3
3
4
7
4
7 1 1 1 3

A = cos cos
B =cos cos
+ cos
= + + =
+ cos
9
9
9
3
3
3 2 2 2 2
4
13

7
13
cos
B =cos + cos
cos
=
+ cos
9
9
9
9
9
3
cos 3a 4 cos a 3cos a cos
=
=
a

2sin

7
13

sin + 2 cos
sin
3
9
3
9
3
9
3
3
4
2
10
4
16
10
2 B.
=sin
sin( ) + sin
sin
+ sin
sin
2
9
9
9
9
9
9
2
16
7
B 3= sin
)= 0
+ sin
= 2 sin cos(
9
9
9
3
1
3 3
B = 0 S = B + A =0 + =
4
4
8 8

3
cos3 cos3

+ cos3
=
9
9
9 8

2 B. sin

=2 cos

sin

+ 2 cos

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

(U n ) U n =

2 .sin

n
n
4

(n + 1)
n
n
sin
2.cos = cos
4
4
4
n
(n + 1)
=
( 2) n +1 cos
U n ( 2) n cos
-
4
4
- S n = U1 + U 2 + U 3 + ......... + U n n
-

(n + 1)
n
n
sin
2.cos = cos
4
4
4
cos(=
a + b) cos a cos b sin a sin b
-

2 cos

(n + 1)
=
4

2 cos(

n
=
+ )
4 4

2(cos

n
n
cos i sin
sin )
4
4
4
4
Page 22

(n + 1)
2
n
2
n
n
n
=
2(
cos

sin ) =
cos
sin
4
2
4
2
4
4
4
(n + 1)
n
n
2.cos = cos
sin

4
4
4
n
(n + 1)
=
U n ( 2) n cos
( 2) n +1 cos
-
4
4
(n + 1)
n
n
n
n
(n + 1)
sin
= cos
2 cos
2.cos = cos
sin
4
4
4
4
4
4
n
n
(n + 1)
n
2) n sin
( 2) n cos
( 2) n +1 cos
( 2) (=
4
4
4
n
(n + 1)
n
=
( 2) n +1 cos

U n ( 2) cos

4
4
- S n = U1 + U 2 + U 3 + ......... + U n
2 cos

k
(k + 1)
(n + 1)

k
k +1
=
Sn =
2 cos ( 2) n +1 cos

( 2) cos 4 ( 2) cos

4
4
4
k =1
(n + 1)
S n = 1 ( 2) n +1 cos

f (n +=
1) 2 f (n) + tan

IN

2n + 2

f ( n) ?

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

f (n)

1) 2 f (n) + tan
f ( n +=

IR f (0) = 0

2n + 2

1
1

f (n) + n tan n + 2
n 1
2
2
2
2 tan a
2 tan a
2
=
tan 2a =
=

1 tan 2 a tan a cot a tan 2 a cot a tan a

1
2

f ( n)
2n =
n

(1)

=
cot n + 2 2 cot n +1
tan
n+2
n+2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1

cot n + 2 n 1 cot n +1
f ( n)
() () n f (n + 1) n=
2
2 1
2n
2
2
2
n 1
n 1
1
1
1

tan
=
a cot a 2 cot 2a

a =

( 2)

f (k + 1)=

f (k )] [ k cot k + 2 k 1 cot k +1 ]
2
2
2
2
2
1
1

cot n +1 =
f (n) 2=
f (0)
f (n) cot n +1
n 1
n 1
2
2
2
2

k
k 1
k 0=
k 0

f (n) = cot

2n +1

Page 23



| a cos x + b sin x |

a 2 + b 2 x

| a cos x + b sin x |
| a cos x + b sin x |

a 2 + b2

a 2 + b 2

(a cos x + b sin x) 2 a 2 + b 2 sin 2 x + cos 2 x =

1

(a cos x + b sin x) 2 (a 2 + b 2 )(sin 2 x + cos 2 x)

a 2 cos 2 x + 2ab sin x cos x + b 2 sin 2 x a 2 sin 2 x + a 2 cos 2 x + b 2 sin 2 x + b 2 cos 2 x
a 2 sin 2 x 2ab sin x cos x + b 2 cos 2 x 0 (a sin x b cos x) 2 0

| a cos x + b sin x |

a 2 + b 2

a+b

2
2

(sin x + a cos x)(sin x + b cos x) 1 +

a+b
(sin x + a cos x)(sin x + b cos x) 1 +

(1)

111Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

(1) cos x

a+b
- cos x = 0 sin x 1 +

- cos x 0

a + b 2 1
1
=
1 + tan 2 x =
1+ t2
t = tan x
(tan x + a )(tan x + b) 1 +

2
2
cos x
2 cos x
2
a+b
2
(t + a )(t + b) = 1 +
(1 + t )
2

a+b a+b 2
t + (a + b)t + ab 1 + t +
+
t
2 2
2

a+b 2
a+b
a+b
a b
t 1 +

t (a + b)t + 1 +
ab 0
0
2
2
2
2
2

a+b

(sin x + a cos x)(sin x + b cos x) 1 +

Bti

1 +

1 +

a
b
1 +
1 + 2ab
sin x cos x

sin x

1 +
1 + 2ab
cos x

a > 0 , b > 0 , 0 < x <

Page 24

a
b
a
b
ab
) (1 +
)=
1+
+
+
sin x
cos x
sin x cos x sin x cos x
a
b
2 ab
+

AM GM

sin x cos x
sin x cos x

(1 +

a
b
ab
2 ab
+
)(1 +
) 1+
sin x
cos x
sin x cos x sin x cos x
a
b
ab
(1 +
)(1 +
) (1 +
)2
sin x
cos x
sin x cos x

(1 +

(1 +

a
b
2ab 2
) (1 +
) (1 +
) (1 + 2ab ) 2
sin x
cos x
sin 2 x

0 < x <

sin 2 x 1
2

sin x

1 +
1 + 2ab
cos x

1 +

sin 4 x cos 4 x
1
+

a
b
a+b

; (a > 0 , b > 0 )

sin 4 x cos 4 x
1
+

a
b
a+b

Cauchy Schwarz

sin x + cos x =
1
2

111 sinTrigonometry
x cos x (sin x) (cos x)
+
=
+
a
b
a
b
by phalkun Lim

sin 4 x cos 4 x
1
+

a
b
a+b

(sin 2 x + cos 2 x) 2
a+b

cos x + cos y + cos z =

x , y , z
0

cos 3 x + cos 3 y + cos 3 z =

0 cos 2 x cos 2 y cos 2 z 0

cos 2 x cos 2 y cos 2 z 0

3
=
cos 3a 4 cos3 a 3cos a 4 cos
=
x 3cos x + cos 3 x (1)

4 cos3 y =
3cos y + cos 3 y (2) & 4 cos3 z =
3cos z + cos 3 z (3)
(1) , (2) , (3)

4 cos3 x + 4 cos3 y + 4 cos3 z =

0

cos3 x + cos3 y + cos3 z =

0 ( cos x + cos y + cos z =
0 cos 3 x + cos 3 y + cos 3 z =
0 )

cos z
cos x + cos y + cos z =
0 cos x + cos y =

Page 25

 cos3 z
(cos x + cos y )3 =
cos3 z
cos3 x + 3cos x cos y (cos x + cos y ) + cos3 y =
cos3 z
cos3 x 3cos x cos y cos z + cos3 y =
cos3 x + cos3 y + cos3 x =
3cos x cos y cos z
cos3 x + cos3 y + cos3 z =
0 3cos x cos y cos z = 0 cos x = 0

cos z = 0

cos y = 0

cos x = 0 cos y = cos z

cos 2 x cos 2 y cos 2 z =

(2 cos x 1)(2 cos y 1)(2 cos z 1) =
(2 cos z 1) 0
2

f ( x)
=
a , b , c

a sin 2 x + b cos 2 x + c + a cos 2 x + b sin 2 x + c

a + c + b + c f ( x) 2

a+b
+c
2

f ( x)

a + c + b + c f ( x) 2

f ( x)

a+b
+c
2

a sin 2 x + b cos 2 x + c + a cos 2 x + b sin 2 x + c (1)

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

a , b , c
x IR : f ( x) > 0

(1)

=
f 2 ( x)

a sin 2 x + b cos 2 x + c + a cos 2 x + b sin 2 x + c

f 2 ( x) = a + b + 2c + 2 (a sin 2 x + b cos 2 x + c)(a cos 2 x + b sin 2 x + c) (2)

A , B 0

A + B 2 A.B 2 A.B A + B

2 (a sin 2 x + b cos 2 x + c)(a cos 2 x + b sin 2 x + c) a + b + 2c

( 2 ) f ( x) a + b + 2c + a + b =
+ 2c 4(

f ( x) 2

a+b
+ c)
2

a+b
+ c (3)
2

P ( x) = (a sin x + b cos x + c)(a cos x + b sin x + c)

P( x) =
[ a (1 cos 2 x) + b cos 2 x + c] [a cos 2 x + b(1 cos 2 x) + c]
P( x) = [(a + c) + (b a ) cos 2 x] [ (b + c) (b a ) cos 2 x]
P( x) = (a + c)(b + c) + (b a ) 2 cos 2 x (b a ) 2 cos 4 x
P( x) = (a + c)(b + c) + (b a ) 2 cos 2 x sin 2 x

(b a ) 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x 0 , x IR

Page 26

 P ( x) (a + c)(b + c) , x IR
(2)

f 2 ( x) = a + b + 2c + 2 P( x) a + b + 2c + 2 (a + c)(b + c)
f 2 ( x) (a + c) + (b + c) + 2 (a + c)(b + c)
f 2 ( x) ( a + c + b + c ) 2
f ( x)

a + c + b + c (4)

(3) (4)

a + c + b + c f ( x) 2

a+b
+ c x IR
2

f ( x)=

1 2
1
2
sin x + 2 + cos x +

sin x
cos 2 x

f ( x)

f ( x)=

(cos 2 x +

1 2
1
) + (sin 2 x + 2 ) 2
2
cos x
sin x

111 Trigonometry
1
1
+
4 + (cos x + sin x) + (
by phalkun Lim sin x cos x )

1
1
+ sin 4 x + 2 + 4 =
cos 4 x + 2 +
4
cos x
sin x
=+
4 (cos 4 x + sin 4 x)(1 +

1
16
) =+
4 (cos 2 x + sin 2 x) 2 2sin 2 x cos 2 x (1 + 4 )
4
sin x cos x
sin 2 x
4

1
16
4 + (1 sin 2 2 x)(1 + 4 )
2
sin 2 x
1 2
1
16
2
17
sin 2 x 1 1 sin 2 x
1 +
2
2
sin 4 2x
1 2
16
17 25
) 4+ =
4 + (1 sin 2 x)(1 +
4
2
sin 2 x
2
2
1
16
5 2
f ( x) = 4 + (1 sin 2 2 x)(1 + 4 )

2
sin 2 x
2
=

m =

5 2
2

f ( x ; y ) = ( a cos x + b cos y ) + ( a sin x + b sin y )

2

( a > 0 , b > 0 )

x ; y IR f ( x; y ) (a + b) 2

Page 27


f ( x; y ) (a + b)

f ( x ; y ) = ( a cos x + b cos y ) + ( a sin x + b sin y )

2

= a 2 (cos 2 x + sin 2 x) + b 2 (cos 2 y + sin 2 y ) + 2ab(cos x cos y + sin x sin y )

= a 2 + b 2 + 2ab cos( x y )
f ( x; y ) = a 2 + b 2 + 2ab cos( x y ) x; y IR : cos( x y ) 1
f ( x) a 2 + b 2 + 2ab = (a + b) 2
f ( x; y ) (a + b)

S =sin

S =sin
S =

2
4
+ sin 2
+ sin 2

7
7
7

2
4
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
7
7
7
2
4

1 cos

8
3 1
2
4
8
7 =
)
( cos
+ cos
+ cos
2 2
7
7
7
2

1 cos

7 +
2
2
4
8
+ cos
+ cos
T = cos
7
7
7
5
3

5
3

cos (
) + cos ( ) + cos ( + ) =
=
cos
cos
cos
7
7
7
7
7
7

2 cos sin 2 cos sin 2 cos sin

2 T sin =
2sin
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
2

7 +

1 cos

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

2 cos a sin b
= sin(a + b) sin(a b)

5
3
sin 2 cos sin 2 cos sin
=
2 cos
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
4
4
2
2

2 T sin =
( sin
sin ) (sin
sin ) sin
7
7
7
7
7
7
6

2 T sin =
sin
=
sin( ) =
sin
7
7
7
7
1
3 1 1 7
T =
S = ( ) =
2
2 2 2 4
2
4 7
2
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
=
S =sin
7
7
7 4
2 T sin

Page 28



S = sin

2
4
8
+ sin
+ sin
7
7
7

2
5
4
3
8

8
, sin
, sin
= sin
= sin
= sin sin
> sin =
sin
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
4
5
3

> 0 S = sin
+ sin
sin
>0
sin
7
7
7
7
sin

5
3
5
3
5
3
sin
sin 2sin sin
+ sin 2
+ sin 2 + 2sin
2sin
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
5
3

M = sin 2
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
7
7
7
10
6
2
+ cos
+ cos
cos
3
5

3
3 1
7
7
7 =
=

cos( + ) + cos( ) + cos( )

7
7
7
2
2
2 2
3 1
3
5

)
= ( cos
cos cos
2 2
7
7
7
5
3

cos
cos
cos 2sin
T =

7
7
7
7

2 T sin =
2 cos sin 2 cos sin 2 cos sin
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
2 cos a sin b
= sin(a + b) sin(a b)
S 2 = sin 2

5
3

sin 2 cos sin 2 cos sin

=
2 cos
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
4
4
2
2

2 T sin =
( sin
sin ) (sin
sin ) sin
7
7
7
7
7
7
6

2 T sin =
sin
=
sin( ) =
sin
7
7
7
7
1
3 1 7
M = + =

T =
2
2 4 4

5
3
5
3
sin
sin 2sin sin
2sin
N = 2sin
7
7
7
7
7
7
2
8
4
6
2
4
= cos
cos
cos
+ cos
cos
+ cos
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
8

cos
0
=
cos
=
2sin .sin( ) =
7
7
7
7
7
7
2
S = M + N = + 0 =
S > 0 S =

4
4
2
2
4
8
7
+ sin
+ sin
=

S = sin
7
7
7
2
2 T sin

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

Page 29

3
5
3
5
4
+ cos3
+ cos3
+ cos 4
+ cos 4
T =cos
7
7
7
7
7
7

3
5
, cos
.

( E ) : 8 x3 4 x 2 4 x + 1 =0
cos , cos

7
7
7

3
5

3
3
5

5
S =cos

. M =cos

; N =cos cos
cos
+ cos
+ cos
+ cos
+ cos cos
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7

3
5
cos

P = cos cos
7
7
7
3
5
2
+ cos 2
+ cos 2
S T
. Q =cos
7
7
7

. cos

, cos

3
5
, cos

( E ) : 8 x3 4 x 2 4 x + 1 =0

7
7

2n 1
=
=
, n 1 , 2 , 3
xn cos
( E )

7
(2n 1)
(2n 1)
(2n 1)
4 cos 2
4 cos
+1 =
8cos3
0
7
7
7
(2n 1)
(2n 1)
(2n 1)
4 cos
( 2 cos 2
) =0
1 ) + 1 4 (1 sin 2
7
7
4
(2n 1)
2(2n 1)
(2n 1)
( 3 4sin 2
4 cos
cos
)=
0
7
7
7
2(2n 1)
4(2n 1)
(2n 1)
(2n 1)
sin
sin
3sin
4sin 3
7
7
7
7

=0
4.
(2n 1)
2(2n 1)
(2n 1)
2sin
2sin
sin
7
7
7
4(2n 1)
3(2n 1)
sin
sin
7
7

=
0 (*)
(2n 1)
(2n 1)
sin
sin
7
7
(2n 1)
n : sin
0
( * )

7
4(2n 1)
3(2n 1)
(2n 1)
(2n 1)
sin
0 2sin
cos
0
sin
=
=
7
7
7
2
0 = 0

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

3
5
, cos

(E)

7
7
7
. M , N , P

cos

, cos

3
7

, x2 cos
, x3 cos
=
=
=

x1 cos

5
7

x1 + x2 + x3 =

8 x3 4 x 2 4 x + 1 =
0 M =

b
1
c
1
=
+
; N=
x1 x2 + x2 x3 + x1 x3 = =

a
2
a
2

Page 30

d
1
=

a
8

3
5 1

3
3
5

5
1
M =+
cos
cos
;N=
cos cos
cos
+ cos
=
+ cos
+ cos cos
=

7
7
7
2
7
7
7
7
7
7
2

3
5
1
cos
=

P = cos cos
7
7
7
8
3
5
2
+ cos 2
+ cos 2
. Q =cos
7
7
7
2
2
2
Q = x1 + x2 + x3
x1 x2 x3 =

P =

= ( x1 + x2 + x3 ) 2 2( x1 x2 + x2 x3 + x1 x3 )

1
1
5
=M 2 2 N = 2 ( ) =
4
2
4

5
2
+ cos 2
+ cos 2
=
Q =cos
7
7
7 4
S T

3
5
3
3
3
+ cos3
+ cos3
S = x1 + x2 + x3
7
7
7

3
5
, x2 cos
, x3 cos
=
=
=
x1 cos
( E )
7
7
7
S =cos

8 x13 4 x12 4 x1 + 1 =0 (1)

3
2
8 x2 4 x2 4 x2 + 1 =0 (2)

3
2
8 x3 4 x3 4 x3 + 1 =0 (3)

(1) , (2) , (3)

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

8 ( x13 + x23 + x33 ) 4( x12 + x2 2 + x32 ) 4( x1 + x2 + x3 ) + 3 =

0
8 S 4Q 4 M + 3 =
0

5 1
+
Q+M 3 4 2 3 7 3 1
S =
=
= =
2
8
2
8 8 8 2
3
5 1
3
+ cos3
+ cos3
=
S =cos
7
7
7 2
3
5
4
+ cos 4
+ cos 4
= x14 + x2 4 + x34
T = cos
7
7
7

(1) , (2) , (3) x1 , x2 , x3

8 x14 4 x13 4 x12 + x1 =

0 (1')

4
3
2
0 (2 ')
8 x2 4 x2 4 x2 + x2 =

4
3
2
0 (3')
8 x3 4 x3 4 x3 + x2 =

(1') , (2 ') , (3') 8 T 4 S 4 Q + M =
0

T =

S +Q M 7 1 3
3
5 3
4

= =
+ cos 4
+ cos 4
=
T =cos
2
8 8 8 4
7
7
7 4
Page 31

cos

2 3
4 3
8
53 3 7
3

+ cos
+ cos
=
7
7
7
2

2 3
4 3
8
53 3 7
3
+ cos
+ cos
=
7
7
7
2
2
4
8
x1 cos
, x2 cos
, x3 cos
=
=
=
7
7
7

3 cos

A = x1 + x2 + x3 , B = x1 x2 + x2 x3 + x1 x3 , C = x1 x2 x3
S = 3 x1 + 3 x2 + 3 x3 , T = 3 x1 x2 + 3 x2 x3 + 3 x1 x3

A , B , C

A = cos

2
4
8
+ cos
+ cos
7
7
7

2
5
5

cos
cos(
)
cos
=

7
7
7

4
3
3
cos( ) =
cos
cos( ) =
cos cos =
7
7
7

cos( + ) =
cos
cos 7 =
7
7

3
5

A =
2sin

cos cos
cos
7
7
7
7
3
5

2 A sin =
sin 2 cos
sin
2 cos sin 2 cos
7
7
7
7
7
7
7

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

2 cos a sin b
= sin(a + b) sin(a b)

2
4
2
6
4
=
sin
sin
+ sin
sin
+ sin
7
7
7
7
7
7
6

2 A sin =
sin
=
sin( ) =
sin
7
7
7
7
1
A =
2
2
4
4
8
2
8
B = cos
cos
cos
cos
+ cos
+ cos
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
cos a cos
=
b
[cos(a + b) + cos(a + b)]
2
1
6
2 1
12
4 1
10
6
B=
+ cos
+ cos
+ cos
cos
+ cos
+ cos

2
7
7 2
7
7 2
7
7
2 A sin

Page 32

6
8
8

) cos
cos 7= cos(2 7 =
7

2
2
12
) cos
= cos(2 =
cos
7
7
7

4
4
10
) cos
cos 7 = cos(2 7 =
7

1
8
2
1
2
4
1
4
8
B=
(cos
+ cos ) + (cos
+ cos ) + (cos
+ cos )
2
7
7
2
7
7
2
7
7
2
4
8
1
B=
cos
A=
+ cos
+ cos
=

7
7
7
2
2
4
8
C = cos
cos
cos
7
7
7
sin 2a
sin 2a = 2sin a cos a cos a =
2sin a
4
8
16
16
sin
sin
sin
sin
1
7
7
7 = .
7
C =
2
4
8 8
2
2sin
2sin
2sin
sin
7
7
7
7
16
2
2
1
sin
C =
)= sin
= sin(2 +
7
7
7
8
1
1
1
A =

, B=
,C=
2
2
8

111 Trigonometry
+ c ) + 3(a + b + cby
)(ab +phalkun
bc + ca) 3abc Lim

( a + b + c )3 = ( a 3 + b3

S = 3 x1 +

x2 + 3 x3 , T = 3 x1 x2 + 3 x2 x3 + 3 x1 x3

S 3 =A + 3S .T 3 3 C =

1
3
+ 3ST =
3ST 2
2
2

T3 =
B + 3T ( 3 x12 x2 x3 + 3 x1 x2 2 x3 + 3 x1 x2 x32 ) 3 3 C 2
1
3 3
5
T 3 = + 3T 3 x1 x2 x3 ( 3 x1 + 3 x2 + 3 x3 ) = ST
2
4 2
4
3
3
(3ST 2)(6 ST 5)
S 3T 3= (3ST 2)( ST )=
2
4
4
4 S 3T 3 18S 2T 2 + 27 ST 10 =
0 u = S .T
4u 3 18u 2 + 27u 10 =
0 8u 3 36u 2 + 54u 20 =
0

3 3 7
2
3
3
3 7
53 7
3
2=
S = 3S .T 2 = 3
2
2
(2u 3)3 + 7 =
u S=
.T
0 =

S =

cos

2 3
4 3
8
+ cos
+ cos
=
7
7
7

5 33 7

Page 33



P = tan

P = tan

27

tan

27

tan

6
8
10
12
tan
tan
tan
27
27
27
27

6
8
10
12
tan
tan
tan
27
27
27
27

3 tan
8

27
tan = tan(
)=
27
3 27 1 + 3 tan
27

3 + tan
10

27
= tan( + )=
tan
27
3 27 1 3 tan
27

8
10
tan =
tan
tan
27
27
27
P = tan

tan

2
4
tan
9
9

3 tan
tan 3
27
27 tan
=

9
1 3 tan 2
27

3 tan
2

9
tan = tan( =
)
9
3 9 1 + 3 tan
9

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim
3 + tan

tan

4

9
= tan( + =
)
9
3 9 1 3 tan
9

3 tan 2
2
4
9
tan
=
tan
9
9 1 3 tan 2
9

tan 3

9
9 tan

=
=
= 3
P

3
1 3 tan 2
9

6
8
10
12
P tan
tan
tan
tan
tan
=
27
27
27
27
27

3 tan

tan

30

tan

7
11
tan =
30
30

2
5

tan

30

tan

7
11
tan =
30
30

2
5

Page 34

3 tan
7

30
tan
= tan( )=
30
3 30 1 + 3 tan
30

3 + tan
11

30
tan
= tan( + )=
30
3 30 1 3 tan
30

3 tan tan 3
30
30 tan
=

10
1 3 tan 2
30
2
3
2
3
3
tan

tan( ) =
=
=
tan
5
5
5
5
5

7
11
tan =
tan
tan
30
30
30

tan

2 tan

2
5 tan 3 =
=

5 1 tan 2
5
5

2 tan
1 tan

5 =

3 tan

tan

1 3 tan

3 tan

tan 3

1 3 tan

2
1 tan

5
=

3 tan 2
1 3 tan

t = tan 2

5
5
5
5

1
2
3t
< t < 1
t 2 10t + 5 =

0
=
< <
3
1 t
1 3t
6 5 4
1
5 2 5 , t2 =
5 + 2 5 < t < 1 t= 5 2 5
'= 25 5= 20 t1 =
3

tan 2 = 5 2 5 tan =
52 5
5
5

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim
2 tan

2 tan a

10= 5 2 5
tan =
=
u tan > 0
2
5 1 tan 2
1 tan a
10
10
2
1
6 2 5 ( 5 1) 2
'
=
+1
=
u 1 =0=
5 2 5 u2 +
52 5
52 5 52 5
52 5

tan 2a =

2u
=
1 u2

1
5 1
5

t1 =
52 5
52 5
52 5

1
5 1
52
2
t =

+
==
1
2

5
52 5
52 5
52 5

t > 0 tan =

10

tan

30

tan

7
11
tan =
30
30

2
5
1

Page 35


(tn ) =
t1
) t1 = tan

5 2 5 tn +1 =

3tn tn3
n IN
1 3tn2

) tn = tan un 0 < un <

n IN (un )

) un tn n

) t1 = tan

5
2
3
2
3
3

tan
tan( ) =
=
=
tan
5
5
5
5
5

tan

2
1 tan

2 tan

2
5 tan 3 =
=

5 1 tan 2
5
5
=

3 tan

3 tan

1 3 tan

tan 3

1 3 tan 2

t = tan 2

<

<

2 tan
1 tan

3 tan

5 =

tan 3

1 3 tan

1
< t <1
3

5
5
2
3t
5 2 5 , t2 =
5+ 2 5
t 2 10t + 5 =

0 '= 25 5= 20 t1 =
=
1 t
1 3t
1
< t < 1 t= 5 2 5
3

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

tan 2

= 5 2 5 tan =
5
5

5 2 5 t1 = 5 2 5 =tan

) (un )

tn = tan un 0 < un <

tn +1 = tan un +1

n IN
2
3t tn3
3 tan un tan 3 un
tn +1 = n =

=
u
tan
tan 3un
n +1
1 3 tan 2 un
1 3tn2

un +1 = 3un n IN
(un ) q = 3
) un tn n

(un ) q = 3 un= u1 q
u1 =

un=

n 1
3n 1 =
tn tan 3
5
5

n 1

=
t1 tan
=
u1 tan

Page 36



) sin 3a sin a =
2sin a cos 2a
)
S sin x cos 2 x + sin
=

x
x
2x
2x
+ ... + sin n cos n
cos
3
3
3
3

) sin 3a sin a =
2sin a cos 2a

pq
p+q
cos
2
2
3a a
3a + a

=
sin 3a sin a 2sin =
cos
2sin a cos 2a
2
2
sin p sin q =
2sin

2sin a cos 2a
sin 3a sin a =
)
S sin x cos 2 x + sin
=

x
x
2x
2x
+ ... + sin n cos n
cos
3
3
3
3

sin 3a sin a =
2sin a cos 2a

2x 1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
2x
cos k
sin k 1 sin k =
2sin k cos k sin =
sin k 1 sin k
k
k
3
3
2 3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1

cos 2 x
(sin 3 x sin x)
sin x=
2

2x 1
x
sin x cos
=
(sin x sin )
k = 0 ,1, 2,3,...., n
3
3 2
3

2x 1
x
x
x
sin =
cos n
(sin n 1 sin n )
n

3
3
2
3
3
1
x

(sin 3 x sin n )
=
S
2
3

a =

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

a
2

1
(2sin a sin 2a )
4
a
a
a
a
a
)
S sin a sin 2 + 2sin sin 2 + .... + 2n sin n sin 2 n +1
=
2
2
4
2
2

) sin =
a sin 2

a
2

) sin =
a sin 2

1
(2sin a sin 2a )
4

sin 2a = 2sin a cos a 2sin a sin 2a = 2sin a 2sin a cos a

= 2sin a (1 cos a )
a
= 2sin a (2sin 2 )
2
a
= 4sin a sin 2
2

Page 37

a
2

1
(2sin a sin 2a )
4
a
a
a
a
a
)
S sin a cos 2 + 2sin cos 2 + .... + 2n sin n cos 2 n +1
=
2
2
4
2
2
n
a
a
a 1

S = 2k sin k sin 2 k +1 sin =

a sin 2
(2sin a sin 2a )
2 4
2
2
k =0
a
a
1
a
a
a
a
sin 2 k +1
sin k=

2sin k sin k 1
k
2
2
4
2
2
2
a
a
1 k +1
a
a
k
2 2k sin=
sin 2 k +1
(2 sin k 2k sin k 1 )
k
2
2
4
2
2
n
1
a
a
1 n +1
a
1
a

(2k +1 sin k 2k sin k 1 )=

(2 sin n sin 2a )
=
S =
S

sin n +1 sin 2a
4 k =0
2
2
4
2
4
2

sin =
a sin 2

2sin a sin 2a
) cos a cos 3a =
)
S sin a sin 2a + sin
=

a
2a
a
2a
sin
+ .... + sin n sin n
3
3
3
3

2sin a sin 2a
) cos a cos 3a =

pq
p+q
sin
2
2
a 3a
a + 3a
cos a cos 3a =
=
2sin(a ) sin 2a =
2sin a sin 2a
2sin
sin
2
2

cos p cos q =
2sin

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim
2sin a sin 2a
cos a cos 3a =
)
S sin a sin 2a + sin
=

2a
2a
a
a
sin
+ .... + sin n sin n
3
3
3
3

2sin a sin 2a
cos a cos 3a =
a

a
a
a
2a
a
cos k cos k 1 =
2sin k sin k
k
3
3
3
3
3
a
a
a
2a 1
sin =
sin k
(cos k cos k 1 )
3k
3
2
3
3
1
k 0 : sin a=
=
sin 2a
(cos a cos 3a )
2
a
2a 1
a
k 1 : sin =
=
sin
(cos cos a )
3
3 2
3
a
2a 1
a
a
k 2 : sin =
=
sin 2
(cos 2 cos )
2
3
3
2
3
3
--------------------------------------------------------------

a
2a 1
a
a
k n : sin =
sin n
(cos n cos n 1 )
=
n
3
3
2
3
3
1
a

=
S
(cos n cos 3a )
2
3

Page 38



) cos 2 a cos 2 2a =
sin a sin 3a
)
S sin a sin 3a + sin
=

3a
3a
a
a
sin + .... + sin n sin n
2
2
2
2

) cos 2 a cos 2 2a =
sin a sin 3a

1 + cos 2a
1 + cos 4a
cos 2 2a =
2
2
1 + cos 2a 1 + cos 4a
cos 2 a cos 2 2a=

2
2
cos 2a cos 4a
2a 4a
2a + 4a
=
=
sin
sin
=
sin a sin 3a
2
2
2

cos 2 a =

cos 2 a cos 2 2a =
sin a sin 3a
)=
S sin a sin 3a + sin

3a
3a
a
a
sin + .... + sin n sin n
2
2
2
2

a
cos 2 a cos 2 2a =
sin a sin 3a

cos 2

2k

3a
a
a
a
sin k sin k
cos 2 k 1 =
k
2
2
2
2

=
k 0 : sin a sin
=
3a cos a cos 2a

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

a
3a
a
sin
= cos 2 cos 2 a
2
2
2
a
3a
a
a
=
k 3 : sin 2 =
sin 2 cos 2 2 cos 2
2
2
2
2

a
3a
a
a
=
k n : sin n =
sin n cos 2 n cos 2 n 1
2
2
2
2
a
a

=
S cos n cos 2a
=
S cos n cos 2a

2
2

=
k 1 : sin

a
sin 2
2 1 2 1
) =

sin 2a 4 sin 2a sin a

a
sin 2
2sin 2 a 22 sin 2 2a
2n sin 2 2n 1 a
2
) =
S
+
+
+ .... +
sin 2a sin 22 a
sin 23 a
sin 2n +1 a

a
sin 2
2 1 2 1
) =

sin 2a 4 sin 2a sin a

Page 39

a
4sin 2
2
1
2 2 cos a 2(1 cos a )
2

= =

=
sin 2a
sin 2a
sin 2a sin a
sin 2a
a
sin 2
2 1 2 1
=

sin 2a 4 sin 2a sin a

a
sin 2
n
2
2
2
2 n 1
2 + 2sin a + 2 sin 2a + .... + 2 sin 2 a
) =
S
sin 2a sin 22 a
sin 23 a
sin 2n +1 a
a
sin 2
2 1 2 1
=

sin 2a 4 sin 2a sin a

sin 2 2k 1 a 1
2
1
a 2k a =

k +1
k +1
sin 2 a 4 sin 2 a sin 2k a
2k sin 2 2k 1 a 1 2k +1
2k
=

sin 2k +1 a
4 sin 2k +1 a sin 2k a

a
sin 2
2 1 2 1

k 0=
:
=

sin 2a 4 sin 2a sin a

sin 2 a 1 22
2
k 1=
=

2
2
sin 2 a 4 sin 2 a sin 2a

sin 2 2n 1 a 1 2n +1
2n
k n =
=

sin 2n +1 a 4 sin 2n +1 a sin 2n a

S
=

1
4

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim
2n +1
1

n +1
sin 2 a sin a

1 1
1

2 sin a sin 3a
2a
2a
2a
cos
cos 2
cos n
cos 2a
3 +
3 + ... +
3
) S n =
+
a
a
sin 3a
sin a
sin
sin n 1
3
3

cos 2a
sin 3a

) =

cos 2a
sin 3a

) =

1 1
1

2 sin a sin 3a

sin 3a =3sin a 4sin a =sin a (3 4sin a )

3

1
1
(3 4sin 2 a ) 1 2(1 2sin 2 a )
=
=
sin a sin 3a
sin 3a
sin 3a
cos 2a 1 1
1

cos 2a = 1 2sin 2 a =

sin 3a 2 sin a sin 3a

Page 40

2a
2a
2a
cos 2
cos n
cos 2a
3 +
3 + ... +
3
+
Sn =
a
a
sin 3a
sin a
sin
sin n 1
3
3
cos 2a 1 1
1

sin 3a 2 sin a sin 3a

2a

cos k
1
1
1
a
3
a
=

k
a
a
a
3
sin k 1 2 sin k sin k 1
3
3
3

2a

n cos k
n

1
1
1
3
Sn
=
=

a
a
a
k 0=
=
sin k 1 2 k 0 sin k sin k 1
3
3
3

1 1
1

=
S n

2 sin a sin 3a
3n

cos

sin 2 a 1 1
1

) =

cos 3a 4 cos 3a cos a

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

sin 2 a sin 2 3a sin 2 32 a

sin 2 3n a

....
+
+
+
+
cos 3a cos 32 a cos 33 a
cos 3n +1 a

Sn
=

sin 2 a
cos 3a

) =

1 1
1

4 cos 3a cos a

cos 3a = 4 cos a 3cos a = cos a (4 cos a 3)

3

1
1
1 (4 cos 2 a 3) 4(1 cos 2 a )
=

=
cos 3a cos a
cos 3a
cos 3a
1
1
4sin 2 a
1 cos 2 a =

=
sin 2 a
cos 3a cos a cos 3a
2
sin a 1 1
1
=

cos 3a 4 cos 3a cos a

sin 2 a sin 2 3a sin 2 32 a

sin 2 3n a
....
+
+
+
+
cos 3a cos 32 a cos 33 a
cos 3n +1 a
sin 2 a 1 1
1
a 3k a

cos 3a 4 cos 3a cos a
Sn
=

Page 41

sin 2 3k a 1
1
1

k +1
cos 3 a 4 cos 3 a cos 3k a
sin 2 a sin 2 3a sin 2 32 a
sin 2 3n a
Sn
=
+
+
+ .... +
cos 3a cos 32 a cos 33 a
cos 3n +1 a
1 n
1
1 1
1
1
=

k +1
k
n +1
4 k =0 cos 3 a cos 3 a 4 cos 3 a cos a
1
1
1
=

S n

n +1
4 cos 3 a cos a
=
k +1

sin a
1 3
1
=

1 + 2 cos 2a 4 sin 3a sin a

1
a
1
a
sin
sin n
n
sin a
3 + ...... 3
3
) S n =
+ 3
a
2
2a
1 + 2 cos 2a 1 + 2 cos
1 + 2 cos n
3
3

sin a
1 3
1
=

1 + 2 cos 2a 4 sin 3a sin a

3
1
3 (3 4sin 2 a ) 4sin 2 a

=
sin 3a sin a
sin 3a
sin 3a
3
2
sin 3a =3sin a 4sin a =sin a (3 4sin a )

111 Trigonometry
sin a (1 + 2 cos a )
a )=
by phalkun Lim

= sin a 1 + 2(1 2sin

sin a
1 3
1
=

1 + 2 cos 2a 4 sin 3a sin a
1
a
1
a
sin
sin n
n
sin a
3 + ...... 3
3
) S n =
+ 3
2a
1 + 2 cos 2a 1 + 2 cos 2a
1 + 2 cos n
3
3
sin a
1 3
1
a
a
=

1 + 2 cos 2a 4 sin 3a sin a
3k
1
a

sin k
k
1 1
1
1
1
1
3
3
k.
k =
k 1 .
a
a
a
2
3
1 + 2 cos k 4 3 sin k 1 3 sin k
3
3
3

a
1

sin k
n
n
k

1
1
1
1
1
3
3
Sn
=
k.
.

k 1
a
a
2a
k 0=
1 + 2 cos k 4 k 0 3 sin k 1 3 sin k
3
3
3

1 3
1
=

S n

4 sin 3a 3n sin a
3n

Page 42



S=
n

1 3
1

3
3 n
sin 3 3k a=
sin a + sin 3a + ... + n sin 3 a
3
3

k =0

1 3
1

3
3 n
sin 3 3k a=
sin a + sin 3a + ... + n sin 3 a
3
3

k =0
1
sin
=
3 x 3sin x 4sin 3 x =
sin 3 x
( 3sin x sin 3x) )
4
n
1 n 1
1
1
3 k
k
k +1
=
=
S n

k sin 3 a
k 1 sin 3 a k sin 3 a
3
3
4 k 03

=
k 0=
1
1
n +1
=

S n
3sin a n sin 3 a
4
3

S=
n

(3)

Sn
=

k =0

a
3
3 a
3 a
k
cos3 k=
cos a 3cos + ... + (3) cos k
3
3
3

a
3
3 a
3 a
k
cos3 k=
cos a 3cos + ... + (3) cos k
3
3
3
k =0
1
=
cos 3 x 4 cos3 x 3cos x
=
cos3 x
( 3cos x + cos 3x )
4
n
a 1 n
a
a

S n (3) k cos3 k=
(3) k cos k 1 (3) k +1 cos k
=

3 4 k 0
3
3

k 0=
1
a
Sn
cos 3a (3) n +1 cos n
=

4
3

Sn
=

(3)

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

P = cos 20o cos 40o cos80o

P = cos 20 cos 40 cos80

o

cos180o i sin180o =
1
=
z cos 20o + i sin 20o z 9 =+

1
z+
2
+
z
z
z z + 1 ( z = 1 )
cos=
20o = =
z
2
2
2z
2
2
4
4
4
z +z
z +1
z +z
z8 + 1
o
cos
=
40o =
;
=
cos80
=
2
2z2
2
2z4
z16 1
z7 1
1
( z 2 + 1)( z 4 + 1)( z 8 + 1) ( z 2 1)( z 2 + 1)( z 4 + 1)( z 8 + 1)
= =
=
P =
7
7
2
9
7
7
8( z z ) 8(1 z ) 8
8z
8 z ( z 1)
1
20o cos 40o cos80o
=

P cos
8
Page 43


4 cos 9o =

3+ 5 + 5 5

4 cos 9 =

3+ 5 + 5 5

ABCDE

AB
= BC
= CD
= DE
= EA
= a AC = d

ABCE

=
.BE AB.CE + BC.EA
Ptolemy AC
2

d d
1 =0
a a

2
d=
ad + a 2

d
E
> 0 g 2 g 1 = 0 , = 1 + 4 = 5
a
1+ 5
1 5
g1
g > 0
=
=
, g2
2
2
d
5 +1
g= =
BA = BC ABC B
a
2
AH
d
g
5 +1
0
A =C =36o ABH cos 36=

=
= =
AB 2a 2
4

g=

=
4 cos 9o 4 cos(45o 36o )

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

2
4
(cos 36o + =
sin 36o ) 2 2 cos 36o + 1 cos 2 36o
=
2
g
g2
g
cos 36o =
g 2 g 1 =
9o 2 2 + 1
0 4 cos=

2
4
2

2( g + 4 g 2=
)

1+ g + 3 g

= 2 + 2g + 6 2g
g =

5 +1
2 + 2 g =
3 + 5 6 2 g =5 5
2

4 cos 9o =

3+ 5 + 5 5

Page 44

cos x + cos y + cos z sin x + sin y + sin z

= = a
cos( x + y + z )
sin( x + y + z )

cos( x + y ) + cos( y + z ) + cos( z + x) =

a

cos( x + y ) + cos( y + z ) + cos( z + x) =

a

, v e=
, w e
=
u e=
ix

iy

iz

w
u + v +=

( cos x + cos y + cos z ) + i ( sin x + sin y + sin z )

z)
uvw
= ei ( x + y +=
cos( x + y + z ) + i sin( x + y + z )

cos x + cos y + cos z sin x + sin y + sin z

= = a
cos( x + y + z )
sin( x + y + z )
(cos x + cos y + cos z ) + i (sin x + sin y + sin z )

=a
cos( x + y + z ) + i cos( x + y + z )
u+v+w
=a
uvw
1
1
1
a
+
+
=
vw uw uv
ei ( y + z ) + ei ( x+ z ) + ei ( x+ y ) =
a

111 Trigonometry
cos( x + y ) + cos( y + z ) + cos( z + x) =
a
by phalkun
Lim

cos( x + y ) + cos( y + z ) + cos( z + x) =

a sin( x + y ) + sin( y + z ) + sin( z + x) =
0

1+ i 3
Z 0 =
2

( Z n )

1
Z =( Z + | Z | ) ; n
n
n
n +1 2
=
Z n n (cos n + i.sin n ) , n IN

( | Z n | Z n )

n > 0 , n ; n IR

n n +1 n n +1
-

-
( n ) n n
- n = 0 cos 0 cos

cos 2 ....cos n 1 n n
2
2
2

n n +1 n n +1

Z n +1 n +1 (cos n +1 + i sin n +1 )
=
Z n n (cos n + i.sin n ) =

Z n +1
=

1
( Z n + | Z n | ) | Z n | = n
2
Page 45

1
[ n (cos n + i.sin n ) + n ]
2
1
n +1 (cos n +1 + i.sin n +1 ) = n (1 + cos n + i.sin n )
2

n +1 (cos n +1 + i.sin=
n +1 ) n cos n (cos n + i.sin n )
2
2
2

n +1 (cos n +1 + i sin n +=
1)

n +1 = n
2
2
n
n +1 = n cos

n +1 = n cos

n +1 =

n
2

-
( n ) n n

1
1
n ( n )

q =
2
2

1+ i 3
n
=cos + i.sin
=
qq
Z 0 = 0 (cos 0 + i sin 0 ) =
n
0 q
2
3
3
1

0 1=
; 0
n = . n

=
3 2
3

n +1 =

cos 2 ....cos n
2
2
2

n
n +1 = cos n
n +1 = n cos
2
n
2
-

n = 0 cos 0 cos

=
k

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

n 1
k=
k

= cos( )
2
0=
k k 0

k=
n 1
k +1

= cos 0 .cos 1 .cos 2 .........cos n 1

2
2
2
0

n = 0 cos 0 cos 1 cos 2 ....cos n 1

2
2
2
n

sin n 2sin
=
cos n 2sin n +1 cos n ( n +1 = n )
=

2
2
2
2
1 sin n
sin n 1 1 sin 0
1 sin 0 sin 1
.
=
.
.
.....
.
cos n ==
n
n
2 2 sin n +1
2 sin 1 sin 2
sin n
2n sin n

sin
1
3
1
3
n

=
=
.
n
n +1
1
2 sin ( . 1 ) 2
sin( . n )
3 2n
3 2

U 0 = 2

(U n ) } {0}

2 U n , n IN
U n +1 =+

. U n n
. Pn = U 0 U1 U 2 .... U n

Page 46


U n n

=
U
0

=
2 2 cos

U1 = 2 + U 0 = 2 + 2 cos = 2 cos
4
8
4
p

p U p = 2 cos

2 p+2

p
2 p +3
p
U p = 2 cos p + 2
2
ppp
2

( p + 1) U p +1 = 2 cos
U p=
+1

2 +U p

U p +1 =
2 + 2 cos

U n = 2 cos

2n + 2

2 p+2

=
4 cos

2 p +3

=
2 cos p +3
2

. Pn = U 0 U1 U 2 .... U n

sin 2a
sin a

sin k +1
sin
n
n
n
1

2 ) =
2
(U k ) (2 cos
) ( =
=
Pn
=
=
k +2

2
k 0=
k 0
k 0
=
=
sin k + 2
sin n + 2 sin n + 2
2
2
2
1
Pn =

sin n + 2
2

sin 2a = 2sin a cos a

2 cos a =

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

(U n ) n U 0 = 1 n IN :=
U n +1 U n cos a + sin a

0 < a <

U n cot
. V=
n

a
(Vn )

. lim (V0 + V1 + .... + Vn ) lim U n

n +
n +

. (Vn )

a
a
U n +1 cot
V=
=
U n +1 U n cos a + sin a
n +1
2
2
a
U n cos a + sin a cot
Vn =
+1
2

U n cot
V=
n

Page 47

a
a
a
U n cos a + 2sin cos cot
=
2
2
2
a
a
a
a
U n cos a + cot (2sin cos tan 1)
=
2
2
2
2
a
sin
a
a
a
2 1)
=
U n cos a + cot (2sin cos
2
2
2 cos a
2
a
a
a
U n cos a + cot (2sin 2 1)
; cos a =
1 2sin 2
=
2
2
2
a
a
U n cos a cot cos a =
Vn cos a
(U n cot ) cos a =
=
2
2

Vn +1 = Vn cos a (Vn ) cos a

a
a
=
1 cot

2
2
.
lim (V0 + V1 + .... + Vn ) lim U n
V0 =
U 0 cot

n +

V0 + V1 + ... + Vn = V0

n +

1 q
a 1 cos n +1 a
= (1 cot ).
1 q
2 1 cos a

lim (V0 + V1 + .... +=

Vn )

n +
0 < a <

n +1

a 1 cos n +1 a
lim (1 cot )
n +
2 1 cos a

111 Trigonometry
a
1 cotby phalkun Lim

0 < cos a < 1 lim cos n +1 a = 0

n +

lim (V0 + V1 + .... + Vn ) =

1 cos a
a
a
a
Vn + cot Vn =V0 q n =(1 cot ) cos n a
U n cot
U=
V=
n
n
2
2
2
a
a
a
a
a

(1 cot ) cos n a + cot lim U n = lim (1 cot ) cos n a + cot = cot

U n =
n +
n +
2
2
2
2
2

lim cos n a = 0 lim U n = cot

n +
n +
2

n +

(U n )

=
=
U 0 0=
; U1 1 n IN
: U n + 2 2U n +1 cos a U n a IR

. Z=
U n +1 (cos a i sin a ) U n , n IN {0}
n

=
Z n +1 (cos a + i sin a ) Z n Z n n a

. U n n

Page 48


. =
Z n +1 (cos a + i sin a ) Z n

Z n =U n +1 (cos a i sin a )U n

Z n +1 =U n + 2 (cos a i sin a )U n +1

= 2U n +1 cos a U n (cos a i sin a )U n +1

=
(cos a + i sin a )U n +1 U n
Un
)
cos a + i sin a
= (cos a + i sin a ) [U n +1 (cos a i sin a )U n
=
(cos a + i sin a )(U n +1

= (cos a + i sin a ) U n
=
Z n +1 (cos a + i sin a ) Z n
Z n

n a

=
Z n +1 (cos a + i sin a ) Z n

( Z n )

U1 (cos a i sin a )U 0 =
1
=
q cos a + i sin a Z 0 =

Z n = Z 0 q = (cos a + i sin a ) = cos(na ) + i sin(na )
n

=
Z n cos(na ) + i.sin(na )

111 Trigonometry
Z =U Lim
(cos a + i sin a )U

(cos a i sin a )U by
(1) phalkun

. U n n

Z n =U n +1

n +1

(2)

(1) (2)

Zn Zn =
2i sin a U n

U n =

Zn Zn
sin a 0
2i sin a

=
Z n cos(na ) + i sin(na )
Z n cos( na ) i sin( na )

Un =

sin(na )
sin a

(an )
d

cos an
cos a1 cos a2 cos a3
+
+
+ ... +
2
3
cos d cos d cos d
cos n d
sin an
sin a1
=
Sn

n
cos d sin d sin d

Sn
=

=
Sn

n = 1, 2,3,...

sin an
sin a1

n
cos d sin d sin d

(an )
d

an +=
an + d
1

sin an=
sin(an + d=
) sin an cos d + sin d cos an
+1

Page 49

 cos n +1 d 0

sin an +1

cos n +1 d

sin an cos d + sin d cos an

cos n +1 d

cos d sin an +1 sin an

sin d cos n +1 d cos n d

n
cos d sin a p +1 sin a p
Sn

p +1
d cos p d
p =1 sin d cos
sin an +1
sin a1
cos d sin an +1 sin a1
=
Sn

n +1
n
sin d cos d cos d cos d sin d sin d
sin an
sin a1
=

S n

n
cos d sin d sin d

cos a
cos d

n
=

S=
n

tan
cos

8 +

tan

tan

tan

16 +
32 + ..... +
2n + 2

cos
cos
cos n +1
8
16
2

S n n +

2 tan x
2 tan x
tan x + tan 2 x

tan
2
tan
tan
x

=
x

=
x
1 tan 2 x
1 tan 2 x
1 tan 2 x
1 + tan 2 x
1 tan 2 x

tan 2 x tan x =
tan x.
cos
2
x
=
1 tan 2 x
1 + tan 2 x
tan x
tan 2 x tan x = (*)
cos 2 x

tan k + 2

x = k + 2 (*) tan k +1 tan k + 2 =

2
2
2
cos k +1
2
n

=
S n tan k +1 tan k + 2

2
2
k =1

= (tan tan ) + (tan tan ) + ... + (tan n +1 tan n + 2 )

4
8
8
16
2
2

tan tan n + 2 =
1 tan n + 2
=
4
2
2
tan 2 x =

S n = 1 tan

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

lim tan n + 2 = 0 lim S n = 1

n+2
n
+
n +
2
2

Page 50



.
. S n =

1
1
2sin x cos(2nx)

=
2 + sin(2n 1) x 2 + sin(2n + 1) x [2 + sin(2n 1) x ] [2 + sin(2n + 1) x ]
n

k =1

cos(2kx)

( 2 + sin(2k 1) x )( 2 + sin(2k + 1) x )

.
f ( x)
=

1
1

2 + sin(2n 1) x 2 + sin(2n + 1) x
sin(2n + 1) x sin(2n 1) x
=
( 2 + sin(2n 1) x )( 2 + sin(2n + 1) x )

. S n =

Sn

2sin x cos(2nx)
( 2 + sin(2n 1) x )( 2 + sin(2n + 1) x )

cos(2kx)

( 2 + sin(2k 1) x )( 2 + sin(2k + 1) x )

1
2sin x

k =1

2 + sin(2n 1) x 2 + sin(2n + 1) x

1 1
1
1
sin(2n + 1) x sin x
=

=
.

2sin x 2 + sin x 2 + sin(2n + 1) x 2sin x ( 2 + sin x )( 2 + sin(2n + 1) x )

sin(nx) cos(n + 1) x
=
sin x ( 2 + sin x ) (2 + sin(2n + 1) x)
sin(nx) cos(n + 1) x
S n =

sin x ( 2 + sin x ) (2 + sin(2n + 1) x)

k =1

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

1
[ sin(2n + 1) x sin(2n 1) x ]
2sin x
. S=
cos 2 x + cos 4 x + cos 6 x + ..... + cos(2nx)
n
cos(2nx)
. =

cos x + cos 2 x + cos 3 x + ..... + cos (nx)

. T=
n
2

. U n= sin x + sin 2 x + sin 3 x + ..... + sin ( nx)

2

cos(2nx)
=
.

1
2sin x

sin(2n + 1) x sin(2n 1) x

pq
p+q
) cos(
) p =
(2n + 1) x , q =
(2n 1) x
2
2
p=
2sin x cos(2nx)
q 2 x , p=
+ q 4nx sin(2n + 1) x sin(2n 1) x =
1
cos(2nx)
=

[ sin(2n + 1) x sin(2n 1) x ]
2sin x
. S=
cos 2 x + cos 4 x + cos 6 x + ..... + cos(2nx)
n
2sin(
sin p sin q =

Page 51

 S n =

[cos(2kx)]
k =1

n
1
[sin(2k + 1) x sin(2k 1) x ]
2sin x k =1
1
=
[sin(2n + 1) x sin x ]
2sin x
1
sin(nx) cos(n + 1) x
nx) cos(n + 1) x ]
=
[ 2sin(=
2sin x
sin x
sin(nx) cos(n + 1) x

S n =
sin x

cos x + cos 2 x + cos 3 x + ..... + cos (nx)

. T=
n
2

2
Tn = cos (kx)
k =1

1 + cos 2a
2
sin(nx) cos(n + 1) x
S n =
sin x

cos a =
2

1 + cos(2kx) n 1
= 2 + 2 S n
2
k =1
n sin(nx) cos(n + 1) x
+
Tn=

2
2sin x
Tn=

U n= sin 2 x + sin 2 2 x + sin 2 3 x + ..... + sin 2 (nx)

n
n sin(nx) cos(n + 1) x
2
2

T
=
+
=

kx
n
T
1
cos
(
)
sin
(
)
kx

n
n

2
2sin x
k =1
k =1
n sin(nx) cos(n + 1) x

U n=
2
2sin x

Un =

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

tan
.
=
x cot x 2 cot 2 x

.

1
1
a 1
a
a
S n= tan a + tan + 2 tan 2 + .... + n tan n
2
2 2
2
2
2

tan
.
=
x cot x 2 cot 2 x

=
A cot x 2 cot 2 x

cot x =

tan x

1
1 tan 2 x
cot
=
2x =

tan 2 x
2 tan x

1
1 tan 2 x
1 1 + tan 2 x
A =
)=
tan x
2 (
=
tan x
2 tan x
tan x
tan
=
x cot x 2 cot 2 x
.

Page 52

1
a 1
a
1
a
S n = tan a + tan + 2 tan 2 + .... + n tan n
2
2 2
2
2
2
n
n
a
a
a n 1
a
1
a 1
a
1
1
(cot
2
cot
) =
=

k tan k =
k cot k k 1 cot k 1 = n cot n 2 cot 2a
k
k
k 1

2 k 0 2
2 =
2 k 0 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
k 0=
=
S n= tan a +

1
a
1
a
1
a
tan + .... + n tan n= n cot n 2 cot 2a
2
2
2
2
2
2

n
2k x
2 x
4 x
2n x
=

tan k tan x.tan .tan .....tan n lim

2
2
4
2 x
k =0

Pn

Pn
tan
=
a

x
sin a
2sin a
2sin a
a = k
=
=
2
cos a 2sin a cos a sin 2a

x
x
2k
tan k =
2x
2
sin k
2
2sin 2

2k +1 x
2n+1 x
sin
sin
k
2k
2 22n+1 1.
2n
=
=
Pn
2 .

k 2x
sin 2 x
k =0
sin 2 k

2
n+1 x
sin 2
n+1
2 1
2n
Pn = 2
.
sin 2 x

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

Pn
=

(1 tan
k =0

x 2k
)
2k

x 2k
)
2k
k =0
x
x
2x
cos 2 k sin 2 k
cos k
x
2 =
2
2

1 =
tan 2 k

x
x
2
cos 2 k
cos 2 k
2
2
2k x
n
cos 2k 1
cos 2 x
=
=
Pn

k +1 x
n+1 x
k =0
cos 2
cos 2
k
2
2n

cos 2 x
Pn =

2n+1 x
cos
2n

Pn
=

(1 tan

Page 53

n
1 + tan 2 2k x
Pn =
2 k 2
k =1 (1 tan 2 )

| x |<

2n + 2

1 tan 2 a
1 tan 2 2k x
k +1

cos
2
x
=
1 + tan 2 a
1 + tan 2 2k x
cos 2 2k sin 2 2k cos 2k +1 x
1 =
tan 2 2k
=
cos 2 2k x
cos 2 2k x
1 + tan 2 2k x
cos 2 2k x
=

(1 tan 2 2k x) 2 cos 2 2k +1 x
cos 2a =

cos 2 2k x
cos 2 2 x
Pn
=
=

2 k +1
x cos 2 2n +1 x
k =1 cos 2
n

1
= cot x cot 2 x
sin 2 x
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ .... +
. S n=
a
sin a sin a sin a
sin n
2
2
2
2

1
= cot x cot 2 x
sin 2 x
f=
( x) cot x cot 2 x
.

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

cos x cos 2 x cos x 2 cos 2 x 1

=

sin x sin 2 x sin x 2sin x cos x

2 cos 2 x 2 cos 2 x + 1
1
=
2sin x cos x
sin 2 x
1
= cot x cot 2 x

sin 2 x
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ .... +
. S n=
a
sin a sin a sin a
sin n
2
2
2
2
n
1
1
) = cot x cot 2 x
Sn = (

a
sin 2 x
k =0
sin k
2
n
a
a
a

S n = cot k +1 cot k = cot n +1 cot a

2
2
2
k =0
a
S n cot n +1 cot a
=

2
Page 54


x
cot
1
2
. 1 +
=
cos x cot x
1
1
1
1
(1 +
)(1 +
)(1 +
).....(1 +
)
. Pn =
a
a
a
cos a
cos
cos 2
cos n
2
2
2

x
cot
1
2
. 1 +
=
cos x cot x
1
A( x) = 1 +
cos x
x
x
x
x
2 cos 2
2 cos 2 sin
cos sin x
2
2
2
2
=
=
x
x
cos x
cos x sin
cos x sin
2
2
x
x
cos
cot
sin
x
x
2.
2
tan
tan x
=
=
=
x cos x
2
cot
x
sin
2
x
cot
1
2
1 +
=
cos x cot x
cos x + 1
= =
cos x

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

1
1
1
1
(1 +
)(1 +
)(1 +
).....(1 +
)
Pn =
a
a
a
cos a
cos
cos 2
cos n
2
2
2
a

cot k +1
n
1 n
2 ]
[
=
1 +
=

a
a
k 0=
=
cos k k 0 cot k
2
2

a
Pn = tan n +1 .cot a
2

=
sin x
.
3

1
( 3sin x sin 3x)
4

a
a
a
a
+ 3sin 3 2 + 32 sin 3 3 + .... + 3n 1 sin 3 n
3
3
3
3

S=
sin 3
n

Page 55

1
( 3sin x sin 3x)
4

sin
=
3 x sin( x + 2 x)

=
sin x
.
3

sin(=
a + b) sin a cos b + sin b cos a

= sin x cos 2 x + sin 2 x cos x

=sin x(1 2sin 2 x) + 2sin x cos 2 x =sin x(1 2sin 2 x) + 2sin x(1 sin 2 x)
=sin x 2sin 3 x + 2sin x 2sin 3 x =3sin x 4sin 3 x

sin
=
3 x 3sin x 4sin 3 x

1
( 3sin x sin 3x)
4
a
a
a
a
sin 3 + 3sin 3 2 + 32 sin 3 3 + .... + 3n 1 sin 3 n
. S=
n
3
3
3
3
n
a

S n = 3k 1 sin 3 k

3
k =1
1
=
sin 3 x
( 3sin x sin 3x)

4
1 n
a
a 1
a
S n = 3k sin k 3k 1 sin k 1 = (3n sin n sin a )
4 k =1
3
3 4
3
=
sin x

3

2
tan 2 x .tan
=
x tan
2 x 2 tan x
111
Trigonometry

. S n =

tan

k =0

a
a
tan 2 k +1
k
2
2

by phalkun Lim

2
.
=
x
tan 2 x .tan

tan 2 x 2 tan x

tan 2 x =

=
f ( x) tan 2 x 2 tan x

2 tan x
1 tan 2 x

2 tan x
2 tan x
1 tan 2 x
2 tan x 2 tan x(1 tan 2 x) 2 tan x 2 tan x + 2 tan 3 x
=
1 tan 2 x
1 tan 2 x
2 tan 3 x
2 tan x
= =
=
.tan 2 x tan 2 x.tan 2 x
2
2
1 tan x 1 tan x
2
tan 2 x .tan
=
x tan 2 x 2 tan x
=
f ( x)

. S n =

k =0

tan 2 x .tan
=
x

tan

tan

a
a
tan 2 k +1
k
2
2

tan 2 x 2 tan x x =

a
2k +1

a
a
a
a
tan 2=
tan k 2 tan k +1
k
k +1
2
2
2
2
Page 56

n
a
a
a
k
k +1
Sn =
tan a 2n +1 tan n +1

2 tan k 2 tan k +1 =
2
2
2
k =0
n
a
a
a

S n 2k tan k tan 2 =
tan a 2n +1 tan n +1
=
k +1
2
2
2
k =0

ABC

a2
.
1 cos A
2bc

a , b , c ABC

.
(1 cos A)(1 cos B )(1 cos C )

1
8

.
1 cos A

a2
2bc

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A

b 2 + c 2 2bc

a 2bc 2bc cos A = 2bc(1 cos A)

2

1 cos A

a2

2bc
1

111 Trigonometry
8
a
Lim
1 cos A by phalkun
(1)
2bc

1 cos B

b2
c2
(2) 1 cos C
(3)
2ac
2ab

.
(1 cos A)(1 cos B )(1 cos C )
2

(1) , (2) , (3)

(1 cos A)(1 cos B )(1 cos C )

1
8

ABC

2
2
2
.
sin A = sin B + sin C 2sin B sin C cos A

sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C

cot A + cot B + cot C =
2sin A sin B sin C

2
2
2
.
sin A = sin B + sin C 2sin B sin C cos A

ABC R
a , b , c

Page 57

a
b
c
= = 2R
sin A sin B sin C
a = 2 R sin A

b = 2r sin B (1)
c = 2 R sin C

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A (2)

(2)
(1)

2
4 R 2 sin =
A 4 R 2 (sin 2 B + sin 2 C 2sin B sin C cos A)

2
4R sin 2 A = sin 2 B + sin 2 C 2sin B sin C cos A

sin 2 A = sin 2 B + sin 2 C 2sin B sin C cos A

sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C

cot A + cot B + cot C =
2sin A sin B sin C
sin 2 A = sin 2 B + sin 2 C 2sin B sin C cos A

sin 2 B + sin 2 C sin 2 A

cos A
cot A =
2sin B sin C
sin A
2
2
2
sin B + sin C sin A
cot A =
(i )
2sin A sin B sin C
sin 2 A + sin 2 C sin 2 B
cot B =
(ii )
2sin A sin B sin C
sin 2 A + sin 2 B sin 2 C
cot C =
(iii )
2sin A sin B sin C
cos A =

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

(i ) , (ii ) & (iii )

sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C

cot A + cot B + cot C =

2sin A sin B sin C
sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C
cot A + cot B + cot C =

2sin A sin B sin C

tan 3 x
1
=
tan 2 x tan x
2
1 tan x 2
k
3 a
n
2 tan 2n
. S n =
a
k =0
1 tan 2 n

tan 3 x
1
=
tan 2 x tan x
2
1 tan x 2
1
tan x
tan 3 x
tan 2 x tan=
x
tan=
x
2
1 tan 2 x
1 tan 2 x

Page 58

tan 3 x
1
tan 2 x tan x
=
2
1 tan x 2
k
3 a
n 2 tan
2k
. S n =
a
k =0
1 tan 2 k

3 a
tan
a
1
tan x
1
a
a
2k
x
=

=
tan k 1 tan k
tan
2
tan
x

x
=
k
2
a
2
2
2
1 tan x 2
1 tan 2 k 2
2
n
a
a 1
a
k 1
k
n

Sn =

2 tan k 1 2 tan k = tan 2a 2 tan n

2
2 2
2
k =0
1
a
=
Sn
tan 2a 2n tan n

2
2

a 2 b2 c2
A
B
C

+ +
4 sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2
ABC a , b , c
bc ca ab
2
2
2

a 2 b2 c2
A
B
C

+ +
4 sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2
bc ca ab
2
2
2

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A
b + c 2bc a
2

111 Trigonometry
a
A

2bc 2bc cos A =

4bc sin
by phalkun2 Lim bc 4sin
2

A
(1)
2

b2
B
c2
C
4sin 2
(2)
4sin 2
(3)
ac
2
ab
2
a 2 b2 c2
A
B
C

+ +
4 sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2

(1) , (2) (3)

bc ca ab
2
2
2

ABC a , b , c

cos A cos B cos C

3

+ 3 + 3
3
a
b
c
2abc

cos A cos B cos C

3

+ 3 + 3
3
a
b
c
2abc

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A

2bc cos A
b 2 c 2 2bc
1
+
=
+
2 (1)
a2
a2 a2
a
2ac cos B
2ac
2ab cos C
2ab

+ 1 2 (2)
+ 1 2 (3)
2
2
b
b
c
c

(1),(2)(3)

Page 59

2bc cos A 2ca cos B 2ab cos C

bc ac ab
+
+
+ 3 2 2 + 2 + 2 6
2
2
2
a
b
c
c
a b
cos A cos B cos C
3

+ 3 + 3
3
a
b
c
2abc

ABC

sin

a ,b,c

A
B
C
a
b
c
+ sin + sin
+
+
2
2
2 b+c c+a a+b

a
sin A

b
c
=
sin B sin C
A
A
2sin cos
a
sin A
2
2

= =
B
C
B
+
C
b + c sin B + sin C 2sin
cos
2
2

B+C
A
A
B C
a
A

= sin =
cos

sin
1
sin
cos
2
2
2
b+c
2
2 2
b
B
c
C

sin
sin
c+a
2
a+b
2
A
B
C
a
b
c
sin + sin + sin

+
+
2
2
2 b+c c+a a+b

111 Trigonometry
ABC a , b , c by phalkun Lim

a b
A B
C

= tan
tan
a+b
2
2

a
b
c
= =
sin A sin B sin C

A B
A+ B
2sin
cos
a b sin A sin B
2
2 sin A + B = cos C cos A + B = sin C

= =

A
B
A
B
+

a + b sin A + sin B 2sin

2
2
2
2
cos
2
2
a b
A B
C

= tan
tan
a+b
2
2
bc
B C
A
ca
CA
B

= tan
tan
= tan
tan
b+c
2
2
c+a
2
2

ABC a , b , c

sin

A
a
A
B
C 1
sin sin sin

2
2
2 8
2 2 bc
Page 60


a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A
b 2 + c 2 2bc a 2 2bc 2bc cos A =
4bc sin 2

a2
A
2 A
sin

2 4bc
2

A
a

2 2 bc
C
c
B
b
sin
sin
2 2 ab
2 2 ac
A
B
C
a
b
c
1
sin sin sin
.
.
=
2
2
2 2 bc 2 ac 2 ab 8
A
B
C 1
sin sin sin
2
2
2 8

sin

, ,
sin + sin + sin
sin(

sin(

3
2

) + sin( ) + sin( ) 0
6
6
6

) + sin( ) + sin( ) 0
6
6
6

sin(

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

) + sin( ) + sin( ) < 0

6
6
6
cos + cos + cos
3
3
>
(sin + sin + sin ) sin + sin + sin

2
2
2
cos + cos + cos 3 3
3 3
>

cos + cos + cos >

2
4
2
T= sin( +

) + sin( + ) + sin( + )
3
3
3
sin + sin + sin
3(cos + cos + cos )
+
2
2

sin + sin + sin

T >

3 3
3
cos + cos + cos >
2
2

3 9
, ,
+ =
3

4 4

T= sin( +
sin(

) + sin( + ) + sin( + ) 1 + 1 + 1= 3
3
3
3

) + sin( ) + sin( ) 0
6
6
6

Page 61

0,
2

sin

+ 3sin 2 cos 2 + cos 6 =

1 =

p : sin

+ 3sin 2 cos 2 + cos 6 =

1

p q
q : =

p q q p

p q

sin

1
+ 3sin 2 cos 2 + cos 6 =

( sin ) + ( cos )
3

+ (1)3 3 ( sin 2 )( cos 2 ) ( 1) =0

a 3 + b3 + c 3 3abc=

a = sin

1
(a + b + c) (a b) 2 + (b c) 2 + (c a ) 2
2

a , b = cos 2 b , c = 1

0
(1)
a + b + c =

2
2
2
0 (2)
(a b) + (b c) + (c a ) =

(2) a= b= c sin
(1) sin
sin

+ cos

= cos 2 = 1 ()

111 Trigonometry
1 =0
by phalkun Lim
2

=
1 cos 2 =
sin 2 , 0,

q p

=
sin 6
+ 3sin 2 cos 2 + cos 6 =
1

=
a , b cos
a + 3ab(a + b) + b = (a + b)=
a sin
3

0,
2

sin 6
1
+ 3sin 2 cos 2 + cos 6 =
sin

1 =
+ 3sin 2 cos 2 + cos 6 =

(APMC 1982)
n


3k
3k
+
=

tan
1
cot
1

n
n
k 1=
=
3 3 1 k 1
3 3 1
n

3k
3k
=
=

b
tan
1
ak tan 1 + n

k
n
3 3 1
3 3 1
Page 62

n
1

( ak bk ) = 1

k =1
=
k 1=
k 1 bk

3k 1
3 + tk
3k
3k 1
tan
=
tk = tan n
ak = tan 1 + n

+ n =
3 1
3 3 1 1 3tk
3 3 1

( ak ) =

3k 1
3 tk
3k
1
tan

n =
n
3 3 1 1 + 3tk
3 3 1

bk = tan

3 tk 2
3 tan tan 3
1 3tk tk3 tk +1
ak bk = 2 =

= tan 3 =
1 3tk
tk 1 3tk 2
tk
1 3 tan 2
n
n
tk +1 t2 t3 tn +1 tn +1
3tk tk3
=
. =
...
ak bk )

= tk +1 (=
2
t1 t2 tn
t1
1 3tk
=
k 1=
k 1 tk

3n

3k 1

= tan + n = tan n
t1 = tan n
tn +1 = tan n
tk = tan n
3 1
3 1
3 1
3 1
3 1

tan n
3 1 1

a
b
=
( k k) =

k =1
tan n
3 1
n
n


3k
3k
=

cot
1
tan 1 + n



n
k 1=
3 3 1 k 1
3 3 1
n

(MOSP 2000)

111 Trigonometry
by
phalkun
A , B , C
B + cos C =
1 2 cos
A cos B cos C Lim

ABC
A, B ,C

cos 2 A + cos 2

sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C > 2

cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C =

1 2 cos A cos B cos C

1 + cos 2 A
1 + cos 2 B
cos 2 B =
2
2
cos
2
A
+
cos
2
B
cos 2 A + cos 2 B =
1+
2
cos 2 A =

cos 2 A + cos 2 B = 2 cos( A + B ) cos( A B ) =

2 cos( C ) cos( A B) =
2 cos C cos( A B)

1 cos C cos( A B)
cos A + cos B =
2

cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C =

1 cos C cos( A B) + cos 2 C
cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C =
1 cos C [ cos( A B ) cos C ]
=
1 cos C [ cos( A B ) + cos( A + B ) ] =
1 2 cos A cos B cos C
cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C =
1 2 cos A cos B cos C
A , B , C sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C > 2

cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2 C =

1 2 cos A cos B cos C

Page 63

 cos

= 1 sin 2 3 (sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C ) =

1 2 cos A cos B cos C

sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C =

2 + 2 cos A cos B cos C

cos A > 0

A , B , C cos B > 0 2 + 2 cos A cos B cos C > 2

cos C > 0

A , B , C sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C > 2

ABC
A, B ,C

cos A + 2(cos B + cos C ) 2

cos A + 2(cos B + cos C ) 2

A
B+C
B C
+ 2 2 cos
cos
2
2
2
B+C
A
B C
A
= cos =
cos
1
sin cos
2
2
2
2 2
A
A
cos A + 2(cos B + cos C ) 1 2sin 2 + 2 2 sin
2
2
cos A + 2(cos B + cos C ) =
1 2sin 2

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim
2(cos B + cos C ) 2
2

A
A
A
2
1 2sin
+ 2 2 sin =
2 2 sin
2
2
2
2 2

cos A +

ABC

A , B , C cot A + cot B + cot C 3

sin( A + B )
2sin C
cos( A B ) 1
=
sin A sin B cos( A B ) + cos C
2sin C
C
cot A + cot B
=
2 tan
1 + cos C
2
C
cot 2 1
C
C
2
cot A + cot B + cot C 2 tan + cot C= 2 tan +
C
2
2
2 cot
2
C
cot 2 + 3
2 = 1 cot C + 3 tan C cot C + 3 tan C 3 ( AM GM )
cot A + cot B + cot C

C
2
2
2
2
2
2 cot
2
cot A + cot
=
B

cot A + cot B + cot C 3

Page 64

ABC
BC a=
, AC b=
, AB c

b+c
B+C
A <

2
2

a <

a = 2 R sin A
a
b
c

= = = 2 R b = 2 R sin B
sin A sin B sin C
c = 2 R sin C

b+c

2 R sin A < R sin B + R sin C

a<

2
sin B + sin C
B+C
B C
B+C
B+C
B+C
sin A <
A
A <

= sin
cos
sin
2
2
2
2
2
2
b+c
B+C
a <
A <

2
2

ABC
=
BC a=
, AC b=
, AB c S

b2 + c 2 a 2 + 4S 3
A) =
3
4bc
2
2
2
) a + b + c 4 3S

) cos(

111 Trigonometry
a +
4 S phalkun
3
by
Lim

2
b2 + c2
) cos( A) =
3
4bc

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A b 2 + c 2 a 2 =
2bc cos A S =

1
2

3S 2bc cos A + 2 3bc sin A = 4bc( cos A +

b + c a + 4=
2

1
bc sin A
2

sin A) = 4bc cos A

2
3

b2 + c 2 a 2 + 4S 3
A) =

3
4bc
2
2
2
) a + b + c 4 3S

cos(

cos(

b2 + c 2 a 2 + 4S 3
b2 + c 2 a 2 + 4S 3

A) =
1
cos A 1
3
4bc
4bc
3

4bc b + c a + 4 S 3 a + b + c 2(b c) + 4 3S (b c) 0
2

a + b + c 4 3S
2

Page 65

ABC

cos 2

cos 2

A =
BC a=
, AC b AB = c

B C 2bc
2 ?
2
a

B C 2bc
2
2
a

sin B + sin C
sin B sin C
2
B+C
2

B+C
B C
b
c
=
sin
=
cos
sin B sin C sin = sin
=
, sin C
sin B
2
4
2
2
2
a
a
2
B C
bc
B C 2bc
cos

cos 2

2
2
2
2
a
2
a

AM GM
B C

ABC A >

=
BC a=
, AC b AB = c

a6
?
cos A
54b3c3

A >

cos A

a6
54b3c3

cos A = cos A

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

a = b + c 2bc cos A = b + c + 2bc cos A

2

AM GM a 2 = b 2 + c 2 + 2bc cos A 3 3 2b3c3 . cos A

cos A

a6

54b3c3

ABC P ABC PAB

=
PBC =
PCA =

) cot = cot A + cot B + cot C

)

) cot = cot A + cot B + cot C

=
BC a =
, AC b =
, AB c=
, PA x=
, PB y=
, PC z

Page 66

 x 2 = z 2 + b 2 2bz cos
2
2
2


PAB , PBC , PCA y = x + c 2cx cos
z 2 = y 2 + a 2 2ay cos

x + y + z = x + y + z + a + b + c 2(ay + bz + cx) cos

cos =

a 2 + b2 + c2
(1)
2(ay + bz + cx)

S PAB = 2 cx sin

S ABC = S PAB + S PBC + S PCA S PBC = ay sin

2

S PCA = 2 bz sin

2 S ABC
1
S ABC=
(2)
(cx + ay + bz ) sin sin =
cx + ay + bz
2

(1) (2) cot =

a 2 + b2 + c2
(3)
4 S ABC

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A

b2 + c2 a 2
1
S ABC = bc sin A
2bc
2
b2 + c2 a 2
2 S ABC
sin A =
cot A =
4S
bc
2
2
2
2
2
c + a b
a + b c2
cot B
=
=
, cot C
2ca
2ab
2
2
2
a +b +c
cot A + cot B + cot C =
(4)
4 S ABC
cos A =

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

(3) (4) cot = cot A + cot B + cot C

)

cot = cot A + cot B + cot C

cot A + cot B + cot C 3 (
)

cot 3 =
cot

(IMO1966)

ABC =

BC a=
, AC b=
, AB c

=
a + b tan

( a tan A + b tan B ) ABC

Page 67


A
C
v = tan
2
2
C
A + B 1 uv
2u
2v
A+ B
=

tan = tan
=
, tan B
tan A =
=cot
2
2
2
2
u+v
1 u
1 v2
2
2u
2v

=
R

R sin A 2 R =
, b 2R

a 2=

2
1+ u
1 + v2
C

=
a + b tan ( a tan A + b tan B )
2

1 uv
v
u2
v2
u
+
+
4R =
4
R

2
2
2
2
2
2
u + v (1 + u )(1 u ) (1 + v )(1 v )
1+ u 1+ v
u = tan

(u + v) (1 u )(1 v ) = 2(1 uv) (u + v )

2

(u + v) 2(u + v ) (1) (
Cauchy Schwarz )

(1 u 2 )(1 v 2 ) = (1 uv) 2 (u v) 2 (1 uv) 2 (2)

(1)

(2) (u + v) (1 u )(1 v ) 2(1 uv) (u + v )

2

(1) (2) u = v

A
B
= tan A = B a = b
2
2
C

=
a + b tan ( a tan A + b tan B ) ABC

tan

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim
ABC a , b , c

a 2 + b2 + c2
R
) 1 + cos A cos B cos C =

8R 2
) a 2 + b 2 + c 2 9 R 2

a 2 + b2 + c2
8R
a
b
c

= = = 2 R R

sin A sin B sin C

2
b 2 + c 2 4 R 2 (sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 c)
a + =

) 1 + cos A cos B cos C =

2

a 2 + b2 + c2
(1)
4R

sin A + sin B + sin C = 2

2

2
2
2

2 + 2 cos A cos B cos C

sin A + sin B + sin C =

1 cos 2 A
1 cos 2 B
sin 2 B =
2
2
cos 2 A + cos 2 B
sin 2 A + sin 2 B =
1
2
sin 2 A =

Page 68

=
1 cos( A + B) cos( A B)
=
1 cos( C ) cos( A B)
=
1 + cos C cos( A B )
sin 2 C = 1 cos 2 C sin A + sin B + sin C =2 + cos C cos( A B ) cos C
2

=2 + cos C [ cos( A B) cos C ]

=2 + cos C [ cos( A B) + cos( A + B) ]

= 2 + 2 cos A cos B cos C
a 2 + b2 + c2
1 + cos A cos B cos C =

8R 2
) a 2 + b 2 + c 2 9 R 2
b2 + c2 a 2
c2 + a 2 b2
a 2 + b2 c2
cos C =

=
, cos B
2bc
2ca
2ab
(b 2 + c 2 a 2 )(c 2 + a 2 b 2 )(a 2 + b 2 c 2 )
cos A cos B cos C =
8a 2b 2 c 2
x + y =
x = b2 + c2 a 2
2c 2

2
2
2
2a 2
y = c + a b y + z =
z + x =
z = a 2 + b2 c2
2b 2

xyz
cos A cos B cos C =
( x + y )( y + z )( z + x)

cos A
=

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

x + y 2 xy

AM GM y + z 2 yz

z + x 2 zx

( x + y )( y + z )( z + x) 2 xy .2 yz .2 zx =
8 xyz

=
cos A cos B cos C

xyz
1

( x + y )( y + z )( z + x) 8

a 2 + b2 + c2
1 9
= 1 + cos A cos B cos C 1 + =
2
8R
8 8

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 9 R 2

(IMO 1977)
f f ( x) =
1 a cos x b sin x A cos 2 x B sin 2 x
a , b , A , B
x IR : f ( x) 0 a 2 + b 2 2

A2 + B 2 1

r
=

R
a 2 + b 2 =

=
cos 2

A2 + B 2
cos a
=

a
b
, sin a
=
r
r

A
B

=
,sin 2
R
R

Page 69

 f ( x) =
1 a cos x b sin x A cos 2 x B sin 2 x

=
1 r cos( x ) R cos(2 x 2 )

f ( ) =
1 r cos( ) R f ( + ) =
1 r cos( + ) R =+
1 r cos( ) R

f ( ) + f ( + ) =2 2 R 0 R 1

A2 + B 2 1 A2 + B 2 1

4
2
4

f (
+ ) + f ( ) =2 2r 0 r 2

2
2

1 r
1 r
R sin(2 2 )
+ ) =
+ R sin(2 2 ) f (
) =
f (
4

a + b 2 a 2 + b2 2
2

x IR : f ( x) 0 a 2 + b 2 2 A + B 1
2

ABC A

a , b , c p =

a+b+c

( p b)( p c)

bc
4

A
A 1
A 1 cos A
1
sin 2
sin 2 =
sin =
2
6 2
2 4
2
2
3
2
2
2
b +c a
1 cos A 1
1

( )
cos A cos A =
2bc
2
4
2
b2 + c2 a 2 1
2
2

b 2 + c 2 a 2 bc a (b c) = ( a b + c)(a + b c) bc

2bc
2
bc
4( p b)( p c) bc ( p b)( p c)

4

sin

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

ABC a , b , c

sin

A
a

=
2 2 bc

b2 + c2 a 2
a2
A
a
1 cos A
2 A
2 A
sin =
sin
sin
cos A =
=
=
2bc
2 4bc
2
2
2 2 bc
2
2
2
b +c a
1
2bc b 2 c 2 + a 2
a2
a2
2
bc

=
=
2bc
2bc
2
4bc
2
(b c) =
0 b = c
ABC
A

Page 70


A
4 cos
sin B
sin C
2
ABC

C
B
A
sin 2
sin 2
1 sin
2
2
2

A
4 cos
sin B
sin C
2

A
2 C
2 B
sin
sin
1 sin
2
2
2
a , b , c ABC p =

a+b+c

1
1
)
=
ac sin B
ab sin C ( S

2
2
( p b)( p c)
A
B
2S
2S
, sin
=
=
sin B =
sin C
sin
=
2
bc
2
ac
ab

=
S

sin

A
( p a )( p b)
A
=
cos =
2
ab
2

( p a )( p c)
ac

p( p a)

bc

p( p a)
2S
2S
bc
ac
ab
+
4
( p b)( p a ) ( p c)( p a )
( p b)( p c)
1
ab
ac
bc

2S b
c
+

p a c( p b) b( p c)
S =

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim
p( p a)

bc ( p b)( p c)

p ( p a )( p b)( p c)

( p b)( p c)
pa

bc + ( p b)( p c)
b

c
c ( p b) + b( p c ) 2
p( p a)

b
c
+
p ( p b)( p c)
2 bc + ( p b)( p c)
c ( p b) b( p c )

AM GM

b
c
( p b)( p c)
+
2
c ( p b) b( p c )

bc + ( p b)( p c)

Page 71

r R

ABC

1
1
1
R2
+
+

sin 2 A sin 2 B sin 2 C r 2

1
1
1
R2
+
+

sin 2 A sin 2 B sin 2 C r 2

a+b+c

2
1
2R
1
2R
1
2R
a
b
c
= = = 2 R
= =
,
=
,
sin A a sin B
b sin C
c
sin A sin B sin C
2
1 1 R
1 1 1
1
2 1

4 R 2 + 2 + 2 2 2 + 2 + 2 2

a b c
4r
a b c r

=
BC a=
, AC b=
, AB c p =

S =pr = p ( p a )( p b)( p c)

( p a )( p b)( p c)
p
1 1 1
p
2 + 2 + 2
(*)
a b c
4( p a )( p b)( p c)

r =

a =
y+z , b=
x+z , c =
x + y a + b + c= 2( x + y + z )= 2 p

111 Trigonometry
by phalkun Lim

x
pa =

y
x + y + z =
p p b =
pc =
z

1
1
1
x+ y+z
+
+

(**)
2
2
2
( y + z) ( x + z) ( x + y)
4 xyz
1
1
x

AM-GM ( y + z ) 2 4 yz

= (1)

2
( y + z)
4 yz 4 xyz
1
1
y
z

(2) ;
(3)

2
2
( z + x)
4 xyz
( x + y)
4 xyz

(*)

(1),(2)
(3) (**)

Page 72