Mathematics

Semester 1 (AUG)
UM 101: Analysis and Linear Algebra I (3:0)
One-variable calculus: Real and Complex numbers; Convergence of sequences and series;
Continuity, intermediate value theorem, existence of maxima and minima; Differentiation, mean
value theorem, Taylor series; Integration, fundamental theorem of Calculus, improper integrals.
Linear Algebra: Vector spaces (over real and complex numbers), basis and dimension; Linear
transformations and matrices.
Instructor: A. Ayyer
Suggested books:
1. T M Apostol, Calculus, Volume I, 2nd. Edition, Wiley, India, 2007.
2. G. Strang, Linear Algebra And Its Applications, 4th Edition, Brooks/Cole, 2006.
Semester 2 (JAN)
UM 102: Analysis and Linear Algebra II (3:0)
Linear Algebra continued: Inner products and Orthogonality; Determinants; Eigenvalues and
Eigenvectors; Diagonalisation of Symmetric matrices. Multivariable calculus: Functions on Rn
Partial and Total derivatives; Chain rule; Maxima, minima and saddles; Lagrange multipliers;
Integration in Rn, change of variables, Fubini's theorem; Gradient, Divergence and Curl; Line
and Surface integrals in R2 and R3; Stokes, Green's and Divergence theorems.
Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations; Linear ODEs and Canonical forms for linear
transformations.
Instructor: T. Bhattacharyya
Suggested books:
1.
2.
3.
4.

T. M. Apostol, Calculus, Volume II, 2nd. Edition, Wiley Wiley India, 2007.
G. Strang, Linear Algebra And Its Applications, 4th Edition, Brooks/Cole, 2006
M. Artin, Algebra, Prentice Hall of India, 1994.
M. Hirsch, S. Smale, R. L. Devaney, Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems, and an
Introduction to Chaos, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, 2004.

Semester 3 (AUG)
UM 201: Probability and Statistics (3:0)

Basic notions of probability, conditional probability and independence, Bayes' theorem, random
variables and distributions, expectation and variance, conditional expectation, moment
generating functions, limit theorems. Samples and sampling distributions, estimations of
parameters, testing of hypotheses, regression, correlation and analysis of variance.
Instructor: S. Iyer
Suggested books:
1. Sheldon Ross, A First Course in Probability, 2005, Pearson Education Inc., Delhi,
Sixth Edition.
2. Sheldon Ross, Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers
and Scientists, Elsevier, 2010, Fourth edition.
3. William Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its
Applications, Wiley India, 2009, Third edition.
4. R. V. Hogg and J. Ledolter, Engineering Statistics, 1987, Macmillan
Publishing Company, New York.
Semester 4 (JAN)
UM 202:
Multivariable Calculus and Complex Variables (3:0) (core course for
Mathematics major and minor)
Topolgy of Rn: Notions of compact sets and connected sets, the Heine-Borel theorem, uniform
continuity, Cauchy sequences and completeness. Review of total derivatives, inverse and
implicit function theorems. Review of Greens theorem and Stokes theorem. Complex linearity,
the Cauchy-Riemann equations and complex-analytic functions. Mbius transformations, the
Riemann sphere and the mapping properties of Mbius transformations. Some properties of
complex-analytic functions, and examples.
Instructor: G. Bharali
Suggested books:
1. T.M. Apostol, Calculus, Volume II, 2nd. Edition, Wiley India, 2007.
2. T.W. Gamelin, Complex Analysis, Springer Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics,
Springer International Edition, 2006
UM 203: Elementary Algebra and Number Theory (3:0) (core course for Mathematics
major and minor)
Divisibility and Euclid's algorithm, Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic, Congruences, Fermat's
little theorem and Euler's theorem, the ring of integers modulo n, factorisation of polynomials,
Elementary symmetric functions, Eisenstein's irreducibility criteria, Formal power series,
arithmetic functions, Prime residue class groups, quadratic reciprocity. Basic concepts of rings,
Fields and groups. Applications to number theory.
Instructor: S. Das
Suggested books:
1. D. M. Burton, Elementary number theory, McGraw Hill.

2. Niven, H. S. Zuckerman and H. L. Montgomery, An Introduction To The Theory Of

Numbers, 5th Edition, Wiley Student Editions
3. G. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Edition, Pearson.
Semester 5 (AUG)
MA 212: Algebra (3:0) (core course for Mathematics major and minor)
Groups: Review of Groups, Subgroups, Homomorphisms, Normal subgroups, Quotient groups,
Isomorphism theorems. Group actions and its applications, Sylow theorems. Structure of finitely
generated abelian groups, Free groups. Rings: Review of rings, Homomorphisms, Ideals and
isomorphism theorems. Prime ideals and maximal ideals. Chinese remainder theorem.
Euclidean domains, Principal ideal domains, Unique factorization domains. Factorization in
polynomial rings. Modules: Modules, Homomorphisms and exact sequences. Free modules.
Hom and tensor products. Structure theorem for modules over PIDs.
Instructor: A. Banerjee
Suggested books:
1. Lang, S., Algebra, revised third editiom. Springer-Verlag, 2002 (Indian Edition Available).
2. Artin, M., Algebra, Prentice-Hall of India, 1994.
3. Dummit, D. S. and Foote, R. M., Abstract Algebra, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
4. Hungerford, T. W., Algebra, Springer (India), 2004
5. Herstein, I. N., Topics in Algebra, John Wiley & Sons, 1995.

MA 219: Linear Algebra (3:0) (core course for Mathematics major and minor)
Vector spaces: Basis and dimension, Direct sums. Determinants: Theory of determinants,
Cramers rule. Linear transformations: Rank-nullity theorem, Algebra of linear transformations,
Dual spaces. Linear operators, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Characteristic polynomial,
Cayley- Hamilton theorem, Minimal polynomial, Algebraic and geometric multiplicities,
Diagonalization, Jordan canonical Form.
Symmetry: Group of motions of the plane, Discrete groups of motion, Finite groups of S0(3).
Bilinear forms: Symmetric, skew symmetric and Hermitian forms, Sylvesters law of inertia,
Spectral theorem for the Hermitian and normal operators on finite dimensional vector spaces.
Linear groups: Classical linear groups, SU2 and SL 2(R).
Instructor: P. Singla
Suggested books:
1. Artin, M., Algebra, Prentice-Hall of India, 1994.
2. Herstein, I. N., Topics in Algebra, Vikas Publications, 1972.
3. Strang, G., Linear Algebra and its Applications, Third Edition, Saunders, 1988.
4. Halmos, P., Finite dimensional vector spaces, Springer-Verlag (UTM), 1987.

MA 221: Real Analysis (3:0) (core course for Mathematics major and minor)
Review of Real and Complex numbers systems, Topology of R, Continuity and differentiability,
Mean value theorem, Intermediate value theorem. The Riemann-Stieltjes integral. Introduction
to functions of several variables, differentiablility, directional and total derivatives. Sequences
and series of functions, uniform convergence, the Weierstrass approximation theorem.
Instructor: T. Gudi
Suggested books:
1. Rudin, W., Principles of Mathematical Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1986.
2. Royden, H. L., Real Analysis, Macmillan, 1988.
MA 231: Topology (3:0) (core course for Mathematics major)
Open and closed sets, continuous functions, the metric topology, the product topology, the
ordered topology, the quotient topology. Connectedness and path connectedness, local path
connectedness. Compactness. Countability axioms. Separation axioms. Complete metric
spaces, the Baire category theorem. Urysohn's embedding theorem. Function. Topological
groups, orbit spaces.
Instructor: B. Datta
Suggested books:
1. Armstrong, M. A., Basic Topology, Springer (India), 2004.
2. Janich, K., Topology, Springer-Verlag (UTM), 1984.
3. Munkres, K. R., Topology, Pearson Education, 2005.
4. Simmons, G. F., Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1963.
Semester 6 (JAN)
MA 222: Measure Theory (3:0) (core course for Mathematics major)
Construction of the Lebesgue measure, measurable functions, limit theorems. Lebesgue
integration. Different notions of convergence and convergence theorems. Product measures
and the Radon-Nikodym theorem, change of variables, complex measures.
Instructor: H. Seshadri
Suggested books:
1. Hewitt, E. and Stromberg, K., Real and Abstract Analysis, Springer, 1969
2. Royden, H.L., Real Analysis, Macmillan, 1988.
3. Folland, G.B., Real Analysis: Modern Techniques and their Applications, 2nd edition,
Wiley.
MA 224: Complex Analysis (3:0) (core course for Mathematics major)

Complex numbers, complex-analytic functions, Cauchy's integral formula, power series,

Liouville's theorem. The maximum-modulus theorem. Isolated singularities, residue theorem, the
Argument Principle, real integrals via contour integration. Mobius transformations, conformal
mappings. The Schwarz lemma, automorphisms of the dis. Normal families and Montel's
theorem. The Riemann mapping theorem.
Instructor: S. Thangavelu
Suggested books:
1. Ahlfors, L. V., Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1979.
2. Conway, J. B., Functions of One Complex Variable, Springer-veriag, 1978.
3. Gamelin, T.W., Complex Analysis, UTM, Springer, 2001.

MA 241: ODE (3:0) (core course for Mathematics major)

Basics concepts: Phase space, existence and uniquness theorems, dependence on initial
conditions, flows.
Linear systems: The fundamental matrix, stability of equilibrium points. Sturm-Liouvile theory.
Nonlinear systems and their stability: The Poincare-Bendixson theorem, perturbed linear
systems, Lyapunov methods.
Instructor: G. Rangarajan
Suggested books:
1. Coddington, E. A. and Levinson, N., Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations, Tata
McGraw-Hill 1972.
2. Birkhoff, G. and Rota, G.-C., Ordinary Differential Equations, wiley, 1989.
3. Hartman, P., Ordinary Differential Equations, Birkhaeuser, 1982.
Semester 7 (AUG)
The coursework for this semester comprises five electives.
See below for the list of electives offered by the Department of Mathematics.
Semester 8 (JAN)
The work for this semester consists of one elective course and the undergraduate
project.
The undergraduate project carries 13 credits.
See below for the list of electives offered by the Department of Mathematics.
List of electives offered by the Department of Mathematics
ELECTIVES OFFERED IN THE AUGUST-DECEMBER SEMESTER

MA 223: Functional Analysis (3:0)

Basic topological concepts, metric spaces, normed linear spaces, Banach spaces, bounded
linear functionals and dual spaces, the Hahn-Banach Theorem, bounded linear operators,
open-mapping theorem, closed-graph theorem, the Banach-Steinhaus Theorem, Hilbert spaces,
the Riesz Representation Theorem, orthonormal sets, orthogonal complements, bounded
operators on a Hilbert space up to the spectral theorem for compact, self-adjoint operators.
Instructor: S. Thangavelu
Suggested books:
1. Goffman, C. and Pedrick, G., First Course in Functional Analysis, Prentice-Hall of India,
1995.
2. Conway, J. B., A Course in Functional Analysis, Springer, 1990.
3. Rudin, W., Functional Analysis, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2006.
4. Yosida, K., Functional Analysis, 4th Edition, Narosa Publishing House, 1974.
MA 226: Complex Analysis II (3:0)
Harmonic and subharmonic functions, Green's function, and the Dirichlet problem for the
Laplacian; the Riemann mapping theorem (revisited) and characterizing simple connectedness
in the plane; Picard's theorem; the inhomogeneous CauchyRiemann equations and
applications; covering spaces and the monodromy theorem.
Instructor: Jaikrishnan J. / Gautam Bharali
Suggested books:
1. Narasimhan, R., Complex Analysis in One Variable, 1st ed. or 2nd ed. (with Y.
Nievergelt), Birkhauser (2nd ed. is available in Indian reprint, 2004).
2. Greene, R.E. and Krantz, S.G., Function Theory of One Complex Variable, 2nd ed.,
AMS 2002 (available in Indian reprint, 2009, 2011).
MA 232: Introduction to Algebraic Topology (3:0)
The fundamental group: Homotopy of maps, multiplication of paths, the fundamental group,
induced homomorphisms, the fundamental group of the circle, covering spaces, lifting
theorems, the universal covering space, Seifert-van Kampen theorem, applications.
Simplicial complexes, Simplicial- and singular-homology: definitions, properties and
applications.
Instructor: S. Gadgil
Suggested books:
1. Armstrong, M. A., Basic Topology, Springer (India), 2004.
2. Hatcher, A., Algebraic Topology, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002.
3. Kosniowski, C., A First Course in Algebraic Topology, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1980.

MA 242: Partial Differential Equations (3:0)

First-order partial differential equations and Hamilton-Jacobi equations; the Cauchy problem
and classification of second-order equations, Holmgrens uniqueness theorem; the Laplace
equation; the diffusion equation; the wave equation; some methods of solutions, variables
separable method.
Instructor: M. K. Ghosh
Suggested books:
1. John, F., Partial Differential Equations, Springer (International Students Edition), 1971.
2. Evans, L. C., Partial Differential Equations, AMS, 1998.
MA 317: Introduction to Number Theory (3:0)
Part I: Factorization and prime numbers, congruences, primitive roots, quadratic residues,
continued fractions, irrational numbers, approximation of irrationals by rationals, some
Diophantine equations, algebraic and transcendental numbers.
Part II: Arithmetical functions, averages of arithmetical functions, summation formulas,
distribution of primes-I (elementary estimates), Dirichlet series and Euler products, introduction
to the Riemann zeta function.
Instructor: S. Das
Suggested books:
1. Hardy, G.H. and Wright, E.M., An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers (6th ed, Oxford
University Press, (2008).
2. Ireland, K. and Rosen, M., A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory, GTM 84,
Springer, (1990).
3. Apostol, T.M., Introduction to Analytic number theory, UTM, Springer, (1976).
4. Niven I., Zuckerman, H.S. and Montgomery, H.L., An Introduction to the Theory of
Numbers (5th ed.), John Wiley and Sons, Inc., (1991).
MA 325: Operator Theory (3:0)
Sz.-Nagy, Foias theory: Dilation of contractions on a Hilbert space, minimal isometric dilation,
unitary dilation; von Neumanns inequality; Andos theorem: simultaneous dilation of a pair of
commuting contractions; Parrotts example of a triple of contractions which cannot be dilated
simultaneously; creation operators on the full Fock space and the symmetric Fock space.
Operator spaces: Completely positive and completely bounded maps; endomorphisms.
Towards dilation of completely positive maps.
Unbounded operators: Basic theory of unbounded self-adjoint operators.
Instructor: G. Misra
Suggested books:
1. Conway, J.B., A course in Functional Analysis, Springer, 1985.
2. Paulson, V., Completely Bounded Maps and Dilations, Pitman Research Notes, 1986.
MA 327: Topics in Analysis (3:0)

In this course we begin by stating many wonderful theorems in analysis and proceed to prove
them one by one. In contrast to usual courses (where we learn techniques and see results as
`applications' of those techniques), we take a somewhat experimental approach in stating the
results and then exploring the techniques to prove them. The theorems themselves have the
common feature that the statements are easy to understand but the proofs are non-trivial and
instructive. And the techniques involve analysis.
We intend to cover a subset of the following theorems: isoperimetric inequality, infinitude of
primes in arithmetic progressions, Weyl's equidistribution theorem on the circle, Shannon's
source coding theorem, uncertainty principles including Heisenberg's, Wigner's law for
eigenvalues of a random matrix, Picard's theorem on the range of an entire function, principal
component analysis to reduce dimensionality of data...
Prerequisites: Real analysis, complex analysis, basic probability, linear algebra, groups. It
would help to know or to concurrently take a course in measure theory and/or functional
analysis.
Instructor: M. Krishnapur
Suggested books:
1. Korner, I. T. W., Fourier Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 1 ed., 1988.
2. Rudin, W., Real and Complex Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill Education, 3rd ed., 2007.
3. Thangavelu, S., An Introduction to the Uncertainty Principle, Birkhauser, 2003.
4. Serre, J. P., A Course in Arithmetic, Springer-Verlag, 1973.
5. Ash, R., Information Theory, Dover Special Priced Titles, 2008.
MA 338: Differentiable Manifolds and Lie Groups
Differentiable manifolds: Differentiable manifolds, differentiable maps and tangent spaces;
regular values and Sards theorem; submersions and immersions; vector fields and flows; the
exponential map; Frobeniuss Theorem; Lie groups, Lie algebras and the exponential map;
homogeneous spaces; tensors and differential forms; the Lie derivative; orientable manifolds;
integration on manifolds and Stokess Theorem.
Riemannian Geometry: Riemannian metrics, the LeviCivita connection; curvature and parallel
transport.
Instructor: H. Seshadri
Suggested books:
1. Kumaresan, S., A Course in Differential Geometry and Lie Groups, Texts and Readings
in Mathematics, 22, Hindustan book Agency, 2002.
2. Warner, F., Foundations of Differentiable Manifolds and Lie Groups, Graduate Texts in
Mathematics, 94, Springer-Verlag, 1983.
ELECTIVES OFFERED IN THE JANUARY-APRIL SEMESTER
MA 210: Logic, Types and Spaces (3:0)

This course is an introduction to logic and foundations from both a modern point of view
(based on type theory and its relations to topology) as well as in the traditional
formulation based on first-order logic.
Topics:
Basic type theory: Terms and types, function types, dependent types, inductive types.
First order logic: First order languages, deduction and truth, Models, Godels completeness
and compactness theorems. Godels incompleteness theorem.
Homotopy Type Theory : Propositions as types, the identity type family, topological view
of the identity type, foundations of homotopy type theory.
Most of the material will be developed using the dependently typed language/proof
assistant Agda. Connections with programming in functional language will be explored.
Prerequisites: No prior knowledge of logic is assumed. Some background in algebra and
topology will be assumed. It will be useful to have some familiarity with programming.
Instructor: S. Gadgil
Suggested books:
1. Homotopy Type Theory: Univalent Foundations of Mathematics, Institute for Adv.
Studies, Princeton 2013, available at http://homotopypetheory.org/book/
2. Manin, Yu., I., A Course in Mathematical Logic for Mathematicians, second Edition,
Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, 2010.
3. Srivastava, S. M., A Course on Mathematical Logic, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 2008.
MA 213: Representation Theory of Finite Groups (3:0)
Representation theory:
Representations of finite groups, irreducible representations,
complete reducibility, Schurs lemma, characters, orthogonality, class functions, regular
representations and induced representations, the group algebra.
Linear groups: Representations of the group SU2.
Instructor: P. Singla
Suggested books:
1. Artin, M., Algebra, Prentice Hall of India, 1994.
2. Fulton W., and Harris, J., Representation Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1991.
3. Serre, J. P., Linear Representations of Finite Groups, Springer-Verlag, 1977.
MA 229: Calculus on Manifolds (3:0)
Functions of several variables, Directional derivatives and continuity, total derivative, mean
value theorem for differentiable functions, Taylors formula.
The inverse function and implicit function theorems, extreme of functions of several variables
and Lagrange multipliers. Sards theorem.
Integration on Euclidean spaces, Fubinis theorem, the change of variables formula and
partitions of unity.
Manifolds: Definitions and examples. Vector fields and differential forms on manifolds. Stokes
theorem.

Instructor: A.K. Nandakumaran

Suggested books:
1. Spivak, M., Calculus on Manifolds, W.A. Benjamin Co., 1965.
2. Apostol, T.M., Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Pub. House, Indian Ed.
3. Munkres, J., Analysis on Manifolds.
MA 312: Commutative Algebra (3:0)
Rings and Ideals: Rings and ring homorphisms; Ideals; Quotient rings; operations on ideals;
Prime and maximal ideals; Nilradical and Jacobson radical.
Modules: Modules and module homomorphisms, submodules and
quotient modules;
Operations on submodules, Direct sums and direct products, Finitely generated modules;
Exact sequences; Tensor product of modules and its properties; Algebras; Tensor product of
algebras.
Rings and Modules of Fractions: Local properties; Extended and contracted ideals in rings of
fractions.
Chain conditions on Modules: Ascending and descending chain conditions on modules;
Noetherian rings and modules; Artinian rings.
Primary Decomposition: Primary submodules; Primary decomposition for modules;
Uniqueness of isolated primary components; Associated primes.
Integral Dependence: Integral dependence; The Going-up Theorem; Integrally-closed
domains; The Going-down Theorem; Noethers normalization lemma.
Discrete valuation rings and Dedekind domains: Discrete valuation rings; Dedekind
domains; Fractionary ideals.
Instructor: D. P. Patil
Suggested books:
1. Atiyah, M.F. and Macdonald, I.G., Introduction to Algebra, Addison-Wesley, 1969.
2. Matsumura, H., Commutative Algebra, W. A. Benjamin Co., New York, 1970.
3. Raghavan, S, Singh, B and Sridharan, R., Homological Methods in Commutative
Algebra, TIFR Mathematical Pamphlet Number 5, Oxford University Press, 1977.
4. Serre, J.P., Local Algebra (translated from French), Springer Monographs in
Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, 2000.
5. Zariski, O., and Samuel, P., Commutative Algebra, Vols I & II, Van Nostrand, 1958
and 1960.
MA 315: Galois Theory (3:0)
Review of Groups: Groups actions, composition series, Jordan-Holder theorem, solvable
groups.
Review of Rings: Polynomial rings, zeroes of polynomials, elementary symmetric functions and
the Fundamental Theorem on Symmetric Functions. Resultants and discriminants, Euclidean
rings, principal ideal domains and factorial rings, factorization in polynomial rings.
Field theory: Finite fields, finite and algebraic extensions. Algebraic closure, algebraically
closed fields. The proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Separable polynomials and
separable extensions, splitting fields, normal extensions, Galois extensions, the Galois

group of a polynomial. The Fundamental Theorem of Galois Theory, radical extensions,

solvability by radicals, computation of Galois groups.
Instructor: A. Banerjee
Suggested books:
1. Artin, E., Galois Theory, University of Notre Dame Press, 1944.
2. Artin, M., Algebra, Prentice-Hall, 1994.
3. Jacobson, N., Lectures in Abstract Algebra, Vols. I, II & III, D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.,
Princeton, New Jersey, 1966.
4. Lang, S., Algebra, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Vol. 211, Springer-Verlag, 2002.
5. Weber, H., Lehrbuch der Algebra, Band I, II, III, Braunschweug 1898, 1899, 1908.
MA 318: Combinatorics (3:0)
Counting problems in sets, multisets, permutations, partitions, trees, tableaux; ordinary and
exponential generating functions; posets and principle of inclusion-exclusion, the transfer
matrix method; the exponential formula, Polya theory; bijections, combinatorial identities and
the WZ method.
Instructor: A. Ayyer
Suggested books:
1. Stanley, R., Enumerative Combinatorics, Vol. 1, Second edition, 2011, Cambridge
University Press.
2. Wilf, H., Generating Functionology, 3rd edition, 2005, A. K. Peters/CRC Press.
3. Stanton, D. and White, D., Constructive Combinatorics, Springer, 1986.
4. Erickson, M.J., Introduction to Combinatorics.
MA 347: Advanced PDE and Finite Element Method (3:0)
Distribution Theory: Introduction, Topology of Test functions, Convolutions, Schwartz Space,
Tempered Distributions, Fourier Transform; Sobolev Spaces : Definitions, Extension
Operators, Continuous and Compact Imbeddings, Trace results; Weak Solutions : Variational
formuation of Elliptic Boundary Value Problems, Weak solutions, Maximum Principle,
Regularity results; Finite Element Method (FEM) : Introduction to FEM, Finite element
solution of Elliptic boundary value problems.
Instructor: T. Gudi
Suggested books:
1. Schwartz, L., Theories des Distributions, Hermann, (1966).
2. Kesavan, S., Topics in Functional Analysis and Applications, John Wiley & Sons (1989).
3. Clarlet, P.G., Lectures on Finite Element Method, TIFR Lecture Notes Series, Bombay
(1975).
4. Marti, J.T., Introduction to Finite Element Method and Finite Element Solution of Elliptic
Boundary Value Problems, Academic Press (1986).
MA 361: Probability Theory

Probability measures and random variables, pi and lambda systems, expectation, moment
generating function, characteristic function, laws of large numbers, limit theorems,
conditional contribution and expectation, martingales, infinitely divisible laws and stable
laws.
Instructor: M. Krishnapur
Suggested books:
1. Durrett, R., Probability Theory and Examples, 4th Edition, Cambridge University Press,
2010.
2. Billingsley, P., Probability and Measure, 3rd Edition, Wiley India.
3. Killenberg, O., Foundations of Modern Probability, 2nd Edition, Springer-Verlag.