CERM CIVIL ENGINEERING RESEARCH MAGAZINE CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Faculty of Engineering Al- Azhar University Nasr City,Cairo, Egypt VOLUME (17) - No. (1) 1995MAGAZINE SUPERVISION BOARD Prof. Dr. Mohamed H. Khorshid Chairman Prof. Dr. Ahmed L Khalifa Vice-Chairman Prof. Dr. Ali I, El Gowhary Editor - in - Chief. Prof. Dr. Mahmoud A. Motawie Editor Secretary CIVIL ENGINEERING RESEARCH MAGAZINE Quarterly research magazine issued by, the Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Madinet Nasr, Cairo Egypt. Papers published in this magazine are approved by referees selected from professors of universities and research institutes. Disctissions of publistied papers should ot exteed two! pages and should be received within six months from the publishing date. Title of piper, volume number and publishing year’ should, be ‘clea mentioned. 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PROF.DR, ALH.SALEM EIN-SHAMS UNIV , (14) PROF.DR, SEL-BEHEAR ENSHAMS UNIV, - (1S) PROF.OR. SA.SAAFAN -EIN-SHAMS UNIV . (16) PROF.OR. M.MABD-ELRAHMAN CAIRO UNIV. 07) PROF.DR. HIALINAM GauRO UNI .CERM Vol 17 - Not January 1995 CONTENT FOR PAPERS IN ENGLIEH (1) Torsion analysis of nonuniform shearwall cores by the stiffness matrix method . M.. Bakry, H. EL-KhORABIE, M.N. ABD EL-SALAM, (2) Effect of elevated temprature on strengthed columns . AM, EL-SHIBY (3) Speed / flow relationships on Coiro urban arterial roads - AH. WAHDAN, M.S ALY (4) Effect of Column distortion on underlying strip footing . AM. EL-SHIBY (5) Improvement of the Sccuracy of measurments taken from modern semi - Metric Cameras MS FM. SHABER .. (6) Suspended sediment discharge in streams . M.I. AMIN, Y. AL-ALFY .. (7) Wind Energy utilization in LIBYA . M1. AMIN (8) Elastic - plastic Analysis of eccentrically braced concrete frames provided --with steel links . MK. EL-SAMNY, HH, ABBAS, A.M. EL-SEBAI (9) Rotation capacity requirements of steel pitched roof frames AX. SALEM, A.K. DESSOKI, K.S. ABDEL-AZIZ, H. BADDER .. (10) The relationship between rotation copacity and local Buc . AH. SALEM, A.K, DESSOUKLK.S. ABDEL-AZIZ, H-BADDER .. (11) Effect of a relife slab on the stresses in A cut -And - cover tunnel in sand . AM. SALEM . 85-116 117-130 133 - 152 (12) Prediction of the compression index for Egyption clays . AM, SALEM, M, Y. ETSSA, AM. ELNAHAS. 172-185 (13) Analysis of composite simple beam with profieled sheet Decking . EAR. NASR... .. 186 - 211Torsion Analysis of Nonuniform Shearwall Cores by the Stiffness Matrix Method Eng. M. Bakry", Dr. H. EL-Khorabie” *, Dr. M.Nabeel Abdel-Salam” * 1. Abstract Analysis of nonuniform shearwall cores of a general arbitrary cross-section subjected to torque using the stiffness matrix method is presented. Current published researches deal with uniform/ nonuniform cores of simple cofigurations such as simple open sections and single cell partially closed sections. A general computer program based on the stiffness matrix method is developed and is herein described. The program analyzes any nonuniform core of an arbitrary gross-seetional shape with open or closed parts. General formulas for shear fore- es and bending moments in lintel beams are derived and utilized in the program. Examples of the analysis are given and the results are compared with the available published works, 2 Introduction Shearwalls and core-walls are commonly used in tall buildings because of their large bend- ing stiffness against horizontal loading. However, when the structural plan of the building is ‘ot cosh) = (sinh Ah-Ah) XO sinin ha) idl (-2Xsinh Ah) =(1-cosh’ah) (He sinh Ab) = (1=cosh 2h) (+ Ab sinh Ab ; °°?! cosh Ah) (Ce cosh Ah) 1 (sinh 2h hy © - (1+ cosh Ah) Qh cosh Ab Ls 2 = sinh Ah) UG I whet et re nS E LN Q & i @B) where G = shear modulus E = modulus of elasticity {c= sectorial moment of inertia J =tocsfonal moment of inertia Jp = polar moment of inestia bb = height of core segment 4 single element is usually taken to be the segment of a core between floors or framing levels in a building. The total core is then represented by a connected series of storey-heigit elements with their nodes at the framing levels, as shown in figure 4. The formulation of the total stifiness matrix and the solution procedure for the displacements and actions are carried out by procedures similar to those used in the matrix analysis of frames. Ttshould be noted that in case of partially closed core-walls, the effect of the lintel beams can be analyzed by two different approaches. Firstly, the core element is Considered a closed- ‘box model by smearing the lintel beam along the core element height with an equivalent thickness t, given as (9): t= Wh @ where L = span of lintel beam 1, = moment of inertia of lintel beam Ay = cross-sectional area of lintel beam ayThe second approach is to consider the core clement as an open model. neglecting tintel beams, and later adding the discrete contribution of the lintel beams to the overall structure stiffness matrix. In both approaches, the sectorial properties are calculated accordingly. 4. Sectorial Properties The sectorial coordinates 6 (s) of a partially closed core section are shown in figure 5. It should be noted that the connecting beam has been transformed ro 4 continuous medium of thickness t, through che core segment height, h, for the sake of calculating the sectorial coor- dinates. The sectorial propeties can be obtained as follows: : von] rds 6) fees © k : € ; @) “The developed computer program can calculate these sectoriai properties for-a general arbi- trary thin-walled core section. ‘The distribution of warping displacements and warping stresses at any level 2 can be ob- tained as follows: Jongitudinal warping displacement w (2, s) = 0 (s) at 0) rormal warping sess o@y= BO 98) ay UIs ‘where B is the bimoment at a given section 2 of the core structure.Shear Force and Bending Moment in Lintel Beams Tn cores with lintel beams connecting across the opening, the beams restrain the warping of the core and thus are simultaneously subjected to shear and bending (refer to figure 6). The available published literature gives only formulas for the shear force in lintel beams connect- ing across the opening of singly symmetric and coupled channels core structures, and these formulas are based on the sectorial properties of open core sections. Similar formulas have been derived by Bakry (10) based on the sectorial properties of a closed-box model, Tn the present work general formulas for shear force and bending moment in lintel beams of arbitrary shape core structures are given. These formulas have been utilized in the general computer program for the analysis of nonuniform core structures by the stiffness matrix method. The magnitude of the shear force and bending moment at any level z can be deter- mined from the warping displacement 8 (z) and the sectorial coordinates G(s). Referring to figure 7: EI, aes (2-1 Ute (2-2) (12-3) (12-4) 3-1) 3-2) (+a)E], ( } f (3 - 3) Ld+a) ei}» G+aeEh Gs (3-4) L(+a) Q-a)E M,;= ee ( z (3-5) Lita) 1 ot Mug = Mu *Mq2-Mis 3-6) 5 & Mag = My +My2-M 3 3-7) y i REL, muhich a= ——> ay 4 GAL | 4 where A= equivalent shear area “To take into account the effect of local deformations at beam-wall junction, a factor B can be ‘determined such that the effective span of any lintel beam can be taken as BL (11). In this case equations 12 - 4, 13 - 6 and 13-7 become: } & as-1 o {BER BLY 15 (8-8) 288 FCA @,-6) + —— | —— |] - —— | — 45-3) @s aaa G BLAS bee Tt should be noted that shear deforinations have already beeii taken into account in the com- ‘potation of the factor B.6. Examples Two examples are given to demonstrate the analysis of shearwall cores subjected to tor- sion, using the developed program. In the first example a 15-storey building with uniform storey height of 3.8 meters is analyzed. Figure 8 shows the floor plan and the loading system for a uniform channel section shearwall core. The structure is analyzed tivice; case (a): con sidering the channel section core as completely open, and case (b): lintel beams of depth 0.45 meters constrain the section. Figure 9 compares the resulting rotations, as obtained by Smith and Taranath (5) and Heidebrecht and Smith (12), with those obtained by the developed pro- ‘gram. In both cases the results compare closely. Figure 10 shows the variation of bimoment for both cases, and figure 11 shows the lintel beam shear. The comparison of results is again close. ‘A core structure of more complex geometrical configurations is considered in the second example. Figure 12 gives details of the floor plan of a 20-storey shearwall structure with uni- form storey height of 3.5 meters, subjected to a concentrated torque of 3000 ton. meters at top (13), Lintel beams of depth 1.5 meters connect the core elements across the openings. The structure was analyzed using the developed program, and the lintel beams were smeared uni- formly through the core height, Core rotations, shear force in the exterior lintel beams, and the warping stresses at the first floor level are shown in figures 13, 14 and 15 respectively. 7,Conclusions ‘A general computer program based on the stiffness matrix method was developed to ana- lyze core structures of uniform’ nonuniform core sections of an arbitrary shape, with or with- ‘out lintel beams, which are subjected to torsion. General formulas for shear forces and bend- ‘ing moments in lintel bears were derived and utilized in the program. Results of the analysis using the developed program compare very closely with the available published work. 8, References 1) Zoirohowski - koscia, k. “Thin-walled Beams - From Theory To Practice", Crosby Lock- wood, London, 1967, 2) Viasov, V.Z., “Thin Walled Elastic Beams", translated from the Russian by the Israeli ‘program for scientific translation, Jerusalem, Israel, 1961. 3) Rutenberg, A. et al., "Torsional Analysis Methods for Perforated Cores", Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol 112, No 6, June 1986.Structural Division, ASCE, Vol 112, No 6, June 1986. 4) Heidebrecht, A.C., and Swift, RD., "Analysis of Asymmetrical Coupled Shear Walls", Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol 97, STS, May 1971. '5) Stafford Smith, B., and Taranath, B.S., “Analysis of Tall Core Supported Structures Sub- jected to Torsion”, Proceedings ICE, Vol 53, pt2, September 1972 6) Mallick, D.V., and Dungar, R., "Dynamic Characteristics of Core Wall Structures Sub- jected to Torsion and Bending”, The Structural Enginees, Vol $3, No 6, 1977. 7) Vasquez, J., and Riddell, R., “Thin Walled Core Element for Multistorey Buildings", * Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol 110, No 5, May 1984. 8) Bakery, M.A., and Fujitani, Y., “Finite Element Analysis for the Geometrical Section Properties of Thin-walled Beams", Bulletin of the Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1991. 9) Khan, AH., and Stafford Smith, B., "Restraining Action of Bracing in Thin-Walled + Open Section Beams”, Proceedings ICE, Vol 59, pt 2, 1975 10) Bakry, M.A., “Analysis of Shearwall Cores Subjected to Torsion”, M.Sc Thesis, Al- Azhar University, 1989. Ll) Cheung, ¥.K., "Handbook of Structural Conerete”, Chapter 38 : Tall Buildings 2, 1986, 12) Heidebrecht, A.C, and Stafford Smith, B., “Approximate Analysis of Open-Section Shearwalls Subjected to Torsional Loading”, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol 99, ST12, 1973. 13) Waldron, P., "Seccoriat Properties of Straight Thin-Walled Beams”, Computers and Nol, 1986. Structures, VolFigure 1 Examples of Core Structures : a} Open Section Core . >) Coupled Channels Core . ¢} Partially Closed Core . 4) Closed Section Core . Figure 2 Core Sructure of @ Complex Cross~Section. 9Fy {Fl= | Fe Mx My Shear centre Figure 3. a) Storey Height Core Segment . d) Degrees of Freedom for Core Element . Figure 4 Representation of Total Core by of Storey Height Elements 100 Figure 5) Core Dimensions - b) Sectorial Coordinates @) Without Beoms b) With Beoms Figure 6 Warping of the Core Due to Torsion (T) i02 a2! Figure 7 Method of Determining Shear Force an Bending Moment in Lintel Beams . Ix ez at : Figure 8 Floor Plan and Loading sysiem Example 1 12\ | FLOOR NUMBER 7 2 0 02 0408 08 1.0 12 (x10) ROTATION @(Z) Figure 9 Variation of Rotation with Height Example 1 13 kot 2 2 ft Me Vel | i TRe e\\3 aRYS 3 Ap % -10 © tod salenalesrsg) ot 1 © From Rotarance (12) i 1 2 19 80 120160 Bimoment (im 2108) Figure 10 “Variation of Bimoment Example 1Shear, 1 9 3 6 9 12 15 Floor Number From Reference (5) and Present Developed Program... =~ From Reference (12) Figure 11 Shear in Lintel Beams Example 1 Lintel_ Beoms 4m—|~ 3m—| Figure 12. Shearwell Core Plan, Example 2 ( Waldron Model ) ban 4Floor Number o 2 4 6 8 10 12 ; Rotation @ (z) x10® Figure 13. Variation of Rotation with \ Height, Example 2 13 5 7 9 1 43 18 17 1920 ( 7 FLOOR NUMBER | . FIGURE 14 Shear Force in the Exterior : Linfel Beams, Example 2Figure 15 Warping Stresses in Shearwall Core at the First Floor Level, t/m?, Example 2Torsion Analysis : AYU of Nonuniform Shearwall Cores Lgl ye E LSI yal by the Stiffness Matrix Method [Sati pied hy wempsallage ast sane ns ysasillpLI sles teasing EegHtl yall ial (551561 otigdane Tgghy) SLAG! Jules! Ga Gay aay fale Hha Gky pie By ghall Sagal Gh tage gels IEE GS GI GS pal La ell fas pl ye pS Salt fb Chl yg algal Julep Gaps BgSW Vgalad MA LLL Ue a Hd LET [551 i gine Tis gles) (gAFT Coenkall gle ple galizs shel tall [a (5 95 23y eiled JSS GES LT ull! bitgall Jylaat ile otal bLsial 5 LS ott as. emg LS SR oeatall galing Gb Leal Sed py GLA SHS Ub HLasYl p52 pte Gps gy Upp hls gla (Sy Deal 5 SG pias Ul AMI uate Least sels HHH peel panll gh Hy gy Gta Spas 5S ye gene ME wvCERM | Fyol_all Has CA) Ag geal aansigll puta aaesigill dale 283M deaty, AyQlall 2 yey diya (ND phy — ke tlt a Aho