STATISTICAL TABLES

675

TABlE3 Areas Under th'e Normal Curve

.00

.01

.02

03

.04

.05

.07

.08

.09

0.0003

0,0004

0,0006

0.0008

0.0011

0,0003

0.0004

0.0006

0,0008

0,0011

0.0003
0,0004
0.()(J()5
0,0008
0,0011

0.0003
0.0004
0.()(l()S
0.0007
0.0010

0.0002

0,0003

0.0005

0.0007
0,0010

0.0016

0,0023

0.0031

0.0041

0.0055

0.0016

0,0022

0,0030

0.0040

0.0054

0.0015

0,0021

0,0029

0.0039

0.0052

0.0015,
0.0021
0.0028
0.0038
0.0051

0.0014
0.0020
0.0027
0.0037
0.0049

0.0014

0.0019

0,0026

0.0036

0.0048

0,0003

0,()j,)M

0,0006

0.0009

0.0013

0,0003

0,0004

0.0006

0.0009

00012

0.0003

0.0004

0.0006

0,0008

0,0012

0.0034

0,0045

0.0060

0,0017

0.0024

0,0033

0,0044

0.0059

0,0017

00023

0.0032

0.0043

0,0057

.06

-3.4

-3.3

-3.2

-3.1

-3.0

0.0003

0.0003

o.~

O.~

0,0001
0.0010
0.0013

0,0001
0.0009

0.0013

-2.9

-2.8

-2.7

-2.6

-2.5

0,0019
0,0026
0,0035
0.0047
0.0062

-2.4

-2.3

-2.2

-2.1

-2.0

0.0082
0.0107
0.0139
0.0179
0.0228

0.0080

0.0104

0.0]36

0,0174

0.0222

0,0078

0.0]02

0.0132

0.0170

00217

0.0075

0.0099

0.0129

0,0]66

0.0212

0,0073

0.0096

0.0125

0.0162

0.0207

0.0071

0,0094

0.0122

0.0158

0.0202

0.0069

0.0091

0.Ql19

0.0154

0.0197

0.0068
0.0089
0.0116
0.0150
0.0192

0.0066
0.0087
0.0113
O.ot46
0.0188

0.0064

0.0084

0.0110

0.0143

0.Q183

-1.9
-1.8
-1.7
-1.6
-1.5

0.0287
0.0359
0.0446
00548
0.0668

0.0281

0.0352

0.0436

0.0537

0.0655

0:02'74

0.0344

0,0427

0.0526

0.0643

0.0268

0.0336

0,0418

0.0516

0,0630

0.0262

0.0329

0.0409

0.0505

0.06]8

0.0256

0.0322

0.0401

0.0495

0.0606

0.0250

0.0314

0.0392

0.0485

0.0594

0.0244
. 0.0307
0.0384
0.0475
0.0582

0.0239
0.0301
0.0375
0.0465
0.0571

0.0233

0,0294

0.0367

0.0455

0,0559

-1.4

-1.3

-1.2

-1.1

-1.0

0.0808
0.0968
0.1151
0.1357
0.1587

0,0793

0.0951

0.1 ]31

0.1335

0.1562

0.0778

0.0934

0.1112

0.1314

0.1539

0,07~

0.0749

0.0901

0.1075

0.1271

0.1492

0.0735

0.088'

0.]056

0.1251

0.1469

0.0722

0.0869

0,]038

0.1230

0.1446

0.0708
0.085'
0.1020
0.1210
0.1423

0.0694

0.0918

0.1093

0.]292

0.1515

0.1003
0.1190
0.1401

00681

0,0823

0.0985

0.1170

0.1379

-D.9

-D.8

-D.7

-D.6

0.]814

0.2090

0.2389

0.2709

0.3050

0.1788

0.2061

0.2358

-D.S

0.3841
0.2119
0.2420
0.2743
0.3085

0.3015

0.1762

0.2033

0.2327

0.2643

0.2981

0.1736

0.2005

0.2296

0.2611

0.2946

0.1711

0.1977

0.2266

0.2578

0.2912

0.]685

0.1949

0.2236

0.2546

0.2877

0.]660
0.1922
0.2206
0.2514
0.2843

0.1635
0.]894
0.2177
0.2483
0.2810

0.1611

0.1867

0.2]48

0.245]

0.2776

-D.4

-D.3

-D.2

-0.1

-0.0

0.3446
0.3821
0.4207
0.4602
0.5000

0.3409

0.3783

0.4]68

0.4562

0.4960

0.3372

0.3745

0.4129

0.4522

0.4920

0.3336

0.3707

0.4090

0.4483

0.4880

0.3300

0.3669

0.4052

0.4443

0.4840

0.3264

0.3632

0.4013

0.4404

0.4801

0.3228

0.3594

0.3974

04364

0,4761

0.3192
0.3557
0.3936
04325
0.4721

0.3156
0.3520
0.3897
0.4286
0.4681

0.3121

0.3483

0.3859

0.4247

0.464]

0.0018

0.002S

0.267~

0.083~

Conrinued

676

STATISTICAL TABLES

TABLE 3 Areas Under the Normal Curve (continued)

.04

.os

.06

.m

.08

.09

0.5517
0.5910
06293
0.6664

0.5160
0.5557
0.5948
0.6331'
0.6700

0.5199
0.5596
0.:987
0.6368
0.6736

0.5239
0.5636
0.6026
0.6406
0.6772

0.5279
0.5675
0.6064
0.6443
0.6808

0.5319
0..5714
0.6103
0.6480
0.6844

0.5359
0.5753
0.6141
0.6.517
0.6879

0.6985
0.7324
0.7642
0.7939
0.8212

0.7019
0.7357
0.7673
0.7967
0.8328

0.7054
0.7389
0.7704
0.7995
0.8264

0.7088
0.7422
0.7734
0.8023
0.8289

0.7123
0.7454
0.7764
0.8051
0.8315

0.7157
0.7486
0.7794
0.8ma
0.8340

0.7190
0.7517
0.7823
0.8106
0.8365

0.7224
0.7549
0.7852
0.8133
0.8389

0.8438
0.8665
0.8869
0.9049
0.9207

0.8461
0.8686
0.8888
0.9066
0.9222

0.8485
0.8708
0.89m
0.9082
0.9236

0.8508
0.8729
0.8925
0.9099
0.9251

0.8531
0.8749
0.8944
0.9115
0.9265

0.8554
0.8770
0.8962
0.9131
0.9278

0.8577
0.8790
0.8980
0.9147
0.9292

0.8599
0.8810
0.8997
0.9162
0.9306

0.8621
0.8830
0.9015
0.9177
0.9319

0.9332
0.9452
0.9554
0.9641
0.9713

0.9345
0.9463
0.9564
0.9649
0.9719

0.9357
0.9474
0.9573 .
0.9656
0.9726

0.9370

0.9484

0.9582

0.9664

0.9732

0.9382
0.9495
0.9591
0.9671
0.9738

0.9394
0.9505
0.9599
0.9678
0.9744

0.9406
0.9515
0.9608
0.9686
0.9750

0.9418
0.9525
0.9616
0.9693
0.9756

0.9429
0.953!!
0.962!I
0.9699
0.9761

0.9441
0.9545
0.9633
0.9706
0.9767

2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

0.9772
0.9821
0.9861
0.9893
0.99J8

0.9778
0.9826
0.9864
0.9896
0.9920

0.9783
0.9830
0.9868
0.9898
0.9922

0.9788

0.9834

0.9871

0.9901

0.9925

0.9793
0.9838
0.9875
0.9904
0.9927

0.9798
0.9842
0.9878
0.9906
0.9929

0.9803
0.9846
0.9881
0.9909
0.9931

0.9808
0.9850
0.9884
0.9911
0.9932

0.9812
0.9854
0.9887
0.9913
0.9934

0.9817
0.9857
0.9890
0.9916
0.9936

2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

0.9938
0.9953
0.9965
0.9974
0.9981

0.9940
0.9955
0.9966
0.9975
0.9982

0.9941
0.9956
0.9967
0.9976
0.9982

0.9943 \.
0.9957
0.9968
0.9977
0.9983

0.9945
0.9959
0.9969
0.9917
0.9984

0.9946
0.9960
0.9970
0.9978
0.9984

0.9948
0.9961
0.9971
0.9979
0.9985

0.9949
0.9962
0.9972
0.9979
0.9985

0.9951
0.9963
0.9973
0.9980
0.9986

0.9952
0.9964
0.9974
0.9981
0.9986

3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

0.9987
0.9990
09993
0.9995
0.9997

0.9987
0.9991
0.9993
0.9995
0.9997

0.9987
0.9991
0.9994
0.9995
0.9997

0.9988
0.9991
0.9994
0.9996
0.9997

0.9988
0.9992
0.9994
0.9996
0.9997

0.9989
0.9992
0.9994
0.9996
0.9997

0.9989
0.9992
0.9994
0.9996
0.9997

0.9989
0.9992
0.999S
0.9996
0.9997

0.9990
0.9993
0.9995
0.9996
0.9997

0.9990
0.9993
0.999S
0.9997
0.9998

1:

.00

.oJ

.02

.03

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4

0.:000
0.5398
0.5793
0.6179
0.6554

0.5040
0.5438
0.5832
0.6217
0.6591

0.:080
0.:478
0.5871
0.6255
0.6628

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

0.6915
0.7257
0.7580
0.7881
0.8159

0.6950
0.7291
0.7611
0.7910
0.8186

1.0

0.8413
0.8643
0.8849
0.9032
0.9192

1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

1.5

"

0.~120

618

Statistical Tables

TABLE 4 Critical Values of Student's t Distribution

~
o

UPPER TAIL PROBABILITY

df

0.20

0.10

0.05

O.CJ4

I
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
III
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
2H
29
30
40
50
60
70
HO
100
140
I (JO()

1.376
1.061
0.978
0.941
0.920
0.906
0.896
0.889
0.883
0.879
0.876
0.873
0.870
0.868
0.866
0.865
0.863
0.862
0.861
0.860
0.859
0.858
0.858
0.857
0.856
0.856
0.855
0.H55
0.854
0.854
0.851
0.849
0.848
0.847
0.846
0.845
0.844
0.842
0.842

3.078
1./l/l6
1.638
1.533
1.476
1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383
1.372
1.363 __
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341
1.337
1.333
1.330
1.328
1.325
1.323
1.321
1.319
1.318
1.316
1.315
1.314
1.313
1.311
1.310
1.303
1.299
1.296
1.294
1.292
1.290
1.288
1.282
1.282

6.314
2.920
2.353
2.132
1.015
1.943
1.895
l.!l60
1.833
1.812
1.796
1.782
1.771
1.761
1.753
1.746
1.740
1.734
1.729
1.725
1.721
1.717
1.714
1.711
1.708
1.706
1.703
1.701
1.699
1.697
1.684
1.676
1.671
1.667
1.664
1.660
1.656
1.646
1.645

7.916
3.320
1.605
2.333
2.191
2.104
2.046
1.()()4
1.973
1.948
1.928
1.912
I.H99
1.88/l
1.87/l
1.869
I.H62
I.H55
1.850
1.844
1.840
1.835

60%

80%

90%

00

0.03

0.025

I.H22
1.819
1.817
1.814
1.812
1.796
1.787
1.781
1.776
1.773
1.769
1.763
1.752
1.751

10.579
3./l96
2.951
2.601
2.422
2.313
2.241
2.1H9
2.150
2.120
2.096
2.076
2.060
2.lJ46
2.034
2.024
2.015
2.007
2.l)(JO
1.994
1.98H
1.983
1.97H
1.974
1.970
1.967
1.963
1.960
1.957
1.955
1.936
1.924
1.917
1.912
1.908
1.902
1./l96
1.883
1.881

12.706
4.303
3.182
2.776
2.571
2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262
2.228
2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145
2.131
2.120
, .i.110
2.101
2.093
2.086
2.080
2.074
2.069
2.064
2.060
2.056
2.052
2.048
2.045
2.042
2.021
2.009
2.(JO()
1.994
1.990
1.9!S4
1.977
1.962
1.960

92%

94%

95%

um

I.H2~

1I~25

0.02

15.895
4./l49
3.482
2.999
2.757
2.612
2.517
2.449
2.398
2.359
2.328
2.303
2.282
2.264
2.249
2.235
2.224
2.214
2.205
1.197
2.189
2.183
2.177
2.172
2.167
2.162
2.158
2.154
2.\50
2.147
2.123
2.109
2.099
2.093
2.088
2.081
2.073
2.056
2.054
96%

CRITICAL VALUE FOR CONFIDENCE LEVEL

0.01
31.821
6.965
4.541
3.747
3.365
3.143
2.998
2.896
2.821
2.764
2.718
2.681
2.650
2.624
2.602
2.583
2.567
2.552
2.539
2.528
2.518
2.508
2.500
2.492
2.485
1.479
2.473
2.467
2.462
2.457
2.423
2.403
2.390
2.38\
2.374
2.364
2.353
2.330
2.326
9/l %

0.005

0.0005

63.657
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032
3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250
3.169
3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977
2.947
2.921
2.898
2.878
2.861
2.845
2.831
2.819
2.807
2.797
2.787
2.779
2.771
2.763
2.756
2.750
2.704
2.678
2.660
2.648
2.639
2.626
2.611
2.581
2.576

636.619
31.599
12.924
8.610
6.H69
5.959
5.408
5.041
4.781
4.587
4.437
4.318
4.121
4.140
4.073
4.015
3.905
3.922
3./lH3
3.H50
3.H19
3.792
3.76H
3.745
3.725
3.707
3.690
3.674
3.659
3.646
3.551
3.496
3.460
3.435
3.416
3.390
3.361
3.300
3.291

99%

99.9%

Statistical Tables

'fABLE 6 Critical values and P-values of Us for the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney

test
Note: Because the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test null distribution is discrete. this table provides selected values of the test
statistic Us in bold type and corresponding P-values for a non-directional alternative in italics. Directional P-values are
found by dividing the numbers in italics in half.

0.20

0.10

2
3
2

6 0.200
80.200
80.133

9 O.JOO

3
4

11 0.1l4

12 0.057

13 0.200

15 0.057

9 0.191

10 0.095

13 0.143

14 0.071

16 0.191

180.064

190.032

200JJl6

20 0.151

21 0.095

23 0.032

24 0.016

II 0.143

12 0.071

n'
3
4

0.01

t1.005

16 0.029
15 0.036
250.0079

15 0.167

160.095

170.048

180.024

19 0.171

21 0.067

22 0.038

23 0.019

24 0.0095

23 0.178

25 0.082

27 0.030

28 0.017

29 0.0087

27 0.180

290.093

31 0.041

33 (J.015

34 0.0087

13 0.111

14 0.056

170.183

19 0.067

20 0.033

21 0.017

220.164

24 0.072

26 0.024

5
6

27 0.149
310.181

36 0.165

2
3

140,178
19 0,194

29 0.073
34 0,073
38 0.097
15 0.089
21 0.085

2S (W42
30 0.048
36 0,035
41 0.038

25 0.154

270.073

300.171

32 0.093

35 0.181

38 0.081

40 0.189

430.094

IS

45 0.195

49 0.083

16 0.146

170.073

30 0.0043
35 (J.0043

28 0.0061

32 0.018

34 (W051

35 0.0025

37 0.022

390.0082

40 0.0047

430.018

45 OJ)070

46 0.0041

32 0.0040

160J)44
22 0,049

230.024

28
34
40
46

30 0.016

31 0.0081

36 0.019

38 0.0062

39 0,0031

42 0.020

44 0.0080

45 0.0047

22 0.146

23 0.100

0.049
0.045
0.043
0.041
51 0.050
18 0.036
25 (W36

27 0.199

30 0.076

32 0.034

36 0.083
42 0.088

38 0.042
44 0.050

33 0.190
39 a.181
4S 0.174

26 0.018
33 0.020
40 0.019
47 0.018

48 0.091

510.042

530.023

560.0079

60 0.021
66 0.024

63 a.0079

10

0.025

0.05

\'

48 0.021

50 0.0093

52 (W037

54 0.021

570.0070

58 0.0047

270.0091
35 0.0056

36 0.0028

42 0.0070

43 0,0040

49 0.Oa76

50 0.0048
58 0.0033
65 0.0037
72 0.0040

500.200

54 0.093

57 (W46

56 a. ]90

60 0.094

64 0.040

2
3

17 0.182

190.061

200.030

24 0.161

26 0.077

270.049

29 0.014

30 0.0070

30 0.188

330.076

35 0.036

36 0.024

38 0.0080

390.0040

370.165

390.099

42 0.040

44 0.019

46 0.0080

47 0.0047

43 0.18]

46 0.093

49 0.042

510.023

540.0075

550.0047

490.]93

530.088

58 O'(J25

61 0.0097

63 (J.OO46

IS

560.173

60 0.083

71 0.0044

62 0.]82

77 0.0076

79 0.0041

!O

68 0.190

66 0.095
73 0.089

66 0.021
73 0.022

69 0.0085

56 0.043
63 0.043
70 0.044
77 0.043

80 0.023

84 0.0089

87 0.0039

70 0.0078

Continued

621

;;tatistical Tables

TABLE 6 Critical values and P-values of U< tor thE' Wilfoxon-Mann-Whitney

test (continuecf.!
11'

11

II

220.026
30 (1.039

36 0.078

380.0';0

43
50
58
65

0.090
0.098

46 0.038
530.048

0.085
(W91

61
69
76
84

5
6
7

40 0.180
47 0.180
54 0.179
61 0.177
68 0.175
74 0.197
81 0.193
20 0.198
280.180
36 0.17()
43 0.195
51 0.180
58 0.196
66 0.181
73 0.193
81 0.180
880.190
95 0.198
22 0.171
300.189
39 0.163
47 0.173
55 0.179
63 0.183
71 0.185
79 0.186
870.186
95 0.186
103 0.186
111- 0.186
23 0.2()0
32 0.197
41 0.]92
50 0.186
59 0./79
67 0.197
76 0.188
85 0.179
93 0.192
102 0.183
110 0.193
119 0.185
127 O.IIN

11

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II

12
2

3
4

5
6
7
8
9
10
11

12
13
2

3
4

5
6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
l.'i

21 0.051
28 0.088

19 0.15';
26 !I.170
33 0.177

10

14

0.05

13

0.10

3
4

12

0.20

2
3

25 0./77
350.1M
44 (J185

72 0.095
790.099

87
22
31
39

0.088
0.088
0.071)

0.078
47 0.082
55 0.083
63 0.083
70 0.098

78 0.096
860.093
940.091
102 0.089
24 0.076
33 0'()82
42 0.079
50 0.095
590.087

OJJ44
(1.041
(1.047
(1.043

91 (W47
23 0.044
32 (W48
41 (W42
49 0.049
58 0.042
66 0.045 .\
740.047
82 0.049
9] (1.043
990.044
107 0.045
25 0.038
35 0.039
44 0.045
53 OJ)46
62 ().()4()

670.097

71 OJ)46

760.089
84 O.09f>

800.045
89 UJJ.l3

93 OJJR8

97 O.04Y

101 0.093
109 (J.()98

106 0.047

35 0.091
450.079
54 (J.()87

115 0.046
124 0.044
27 0.033
370.047
470.046
570.04';

63 0.091
72 O.OW

67 0.0';1
76 OJJ4()

81 0.095

86 0.042

90 0.096

95 (!.IMo

990.09h

104 0.0';8
114 0.04';
123 0.0';6
132 (W';8
141 OJ)50
29 (W29
40 O.O.N
500.04<J

118 0.091

25

o.]()()

108 0.095
117 0.095
126 0.095
1350.0W
27 (W88
35 0'()7()
48

(1.(180

0.025

31 0.022
40 0.018
48 (W19

om

0.005

33 0.0055
42 0.0059
500.0087

43 0.0029
52 0,0032

56 0.020

59 0.0071

60 0.0048

64 0.020

69 0.0041

80 0.020

67 0.0083
750'()091
83 OJ)()97

870.024

92 0.O()79

95 0.023
24 0.022
340.018
430.020

100 0.0083

94 0.0048
1030.0041

35 0.0088
45 0.0077

360.0044
46 0.()04';

52 0.019
60 0.025

54 O.OOW

560.0039

630.0()97
72 0.0(J98

65 0.0047

72 0.020

69 0.022
78 OJ)20
86 OJ)23

81 O.009f>

770.0050
86 0.OM2

75 00037
84 (!.O041

940.025
103 0.023
111 OJ)24

90 0.0093
99 0.0090
108 0.0086
1170.0083

930.0043
102 0.0044
111 0.00';5

26 0.019
36 (!.O25

38 0.0071

39 0.0036
50 0.0034
60 0,O()44

46 OJ)23
560.0]9
65 0.022
740.024
83 OJ)25
930.021
102 0.021
111 0.022
120 OJ)]2
1290.022
280.017

49 0.0059
58 0.0098
68 0.0092

78 0.0085
87 O.0(J99
97 0.0089
106 (!.O099
116 0.0088
125 0.rJ096
135 0.0{)8(J

120 0.0045

70 0.0047
800.0047
90 OJ)045
100 0.0043
110 0.0041
119 0.0048
1290.0045
139 0.00-12

390.021
490.025
60 0.019
70 0.02()

41
52
63
73

0.0059
0.0078
0.0072
O.0{)87

42 0.0029
530,0046

79 OJ)25

83 0.0097

86 0.00';2

89 0.024
99 OJ)23

94 0.0081

96 0.0050
107 (!.OO.;3

109 0.022
118 OJ)25
128 0.023
138 0.022
147 OJ)24

1040.0080
114 0.0089
124 0.0090
1340.0091
144 0.0091
154 OJ)091

64 0.0050
750.0046

117
128
138
148
158

0.00';8
0'(JO';2
0.0045
0.0047
0.00-19

30 0.015
420.017

53 0.020

43 OJ)O'NI
55 O.()()93

44 0.004Y

57 (W()36

Statistical Tables

TABLE 6 Critical values and P-values of Us for the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney

test (continued)
n

0.20

0.10

0.05

0.025

530.197

51 0.098

64 0.019

61 0.0077

140.023

18 0.0084

SO 0.0046

850.021

89 0.0085

92 0.0038
103 0.0042

n'
6

63 0.178

610.095

72 0.185

11 0.091

810.047

8
9
10
11
12
13

81 0.190
90 0.194

810.087

910.047

950.024

100 0.0085

% 0.096

1010.048

1060.021

111 0.0083

1140.0044

99 0.196

1060.091

111 0.048

1160.023

121 0.0096
132 0.0092
1430.0087
153 0.0096
164 0.0091
1140.0099

125 0.0044

136 0.0045
141 0.0044
1580.0044
169 0.0043
1190.0049

108 0.198

115 0.097

1210.047

1260.024

1110.200

125 0.093

1310.047

136 0.025

1210.185
136 0.186

134 0.098

141 0.046

1410.022

144 0.093

151 0.046

1510.023

15
2
3
4
5
6

145 0.187

1530.098

1610.045

161 0.024

210.157

290.078

310.026

32 0.013

31 0.171

40 0.085

410.178

500.100

420.048
53 0.050

44 0.023
560.022

46 0.0083
59 0.0074

60 0.0050

51 0.179

610.091
11 0.098

650.040
150.049

610.025

11 0.0082
83 0.0080

130.0041
85 0.0045

160.198
860.192

820.089

86 0.047

90 0.023

94 0.0096

91 0.0046

92 0.093

91 0.045

101 0.023

106 0.0087

109 0.0045

% 0.187

8
9

17

610.178

10

106 0.182

1020.095
1120.097

11

115 0.195

1220.099

12

1320.100

13

125 0.189
134 0.199

14

144 0.193

143 0.092
1530.093

15

154 0.188

1630.093

16

1630.196

113 0.094

28 0.187
390.179
so 0.172
60 0.189
11 0.177
81 0.187
91 0.194
101 0.200
1120.187
1220.191
1320.195
1420.198
153 0.186
163 0.189
113 0.191
1830.193
30 0.168
41 0.185
520.195
630.200
140.199
85 0.198
% 0.196

310.070
420.093

3
4

5
6
7
8
9
10

11

12
13
14

15
16
17

18

0.005

69 0.0037

14
16

0.01

61 0.042
11 0.045

2
3
4
5
6
7
8

53 0.099
65 0.085
160.087

86 0.100
91 0.098
108 0.095
1190.093
130 0.091
140 0.097
1510.095
161 0.100
172 0.097
183 0.094
1930.099
32 0.095
450.080
56 0.098
68 0.094
800.090
91 0.097
1030.091

19 0.021

410.0041

1.01 0.049

1120.023

111 0.0096

121 0.0043

118 0.047
1290.044

1230.023

129 0.0087

1330.0041

134 0.023

140 0.0093

144 0.0047

139 0.047
1490.050
1600.047
1100.049
1810.047
320.047
45 0.(1,40'
510.040
68 0.048
80 0.044
910.047
1020.050
1140.045
1250.046
136 0.047
1410.048
1580.048
169 0.048
1800.049
191 0.049
2020.049
34 0.042
410.047
600.042
12 0.046
84 0.047
% 0.047
108 0.047

1450.023

151 0.0097

1560.0044

1560.022

163 0.0087

1610.0048

1660.025

114 0.0091

1190.0045

111 0.024
188 0.023

185 0.0093

190 0.0048

1% 0.0096

2020.0045

330.023
410.019

490.0070

50 0.0035

59 0.024

62 0.0090

640.0040

11 0.025

15 0.0086
810.0099

71 0.0046
90 0.0045

830.024
950.024
1010.023
1180.025
1300.024
142 0.022
1530.024

100
112
124
136
136
160

0.0085
0.0090
0.0092
0.0093
0.0093
0.0093

172 0.0091

1030.0042
1150.0048
128 0.0043
140 0.0047
1520.0049
165 0.0043

164 0.025
176 0.023

1840.0090

171 0.0045
189 0.0046

1810.024
199 0.023

1950.0100
2010.0097

213 0.0048

2100.024

2190.0095

225 0.0048

201 0.0047

350.021
490.024

52 0.0060

53 0.0030

630.019

66 0.0074

61 0.0049

15 0.024

19 0.0089

880.022

92 0.0094

100 0.025
1130.022

105 0.0094
118 0.0092

81 0.0049
95 0.0044
108 0.0049
1220.0042

623

tisiical Tahles

AbLf' 6 Lritical

valuf'~

anci P-valus of

U~

for the Wilcoxnn-Mann-Whitnfi'v

es1 (continued}
0.10

9
10
11

20

0.025

0.01

0.005

0.194

114 0.095

120 0.046

125 0,023

131 0.0089

135 0.0043

0./9/

125 0.099

1320.045

1370,024

143 0.01()()

148 0.0044

0,/88

137 0.092

1490.024

156 0.0094

161 0.0043

0.200

143 0.049
155 O.()48

161 0.025

169 0.0089

173 0.0050

167 0.046

173 0.025

181 0.0095

186 0.0049

13

107
118
129
139
150

0./96

148 O.()95
159 ().097

14

161 0./93

170 O,(!99

178 0.049

185 0.025

1940.0089

199 0,0047

15

172 0.190

182 0'()93

190 0.048

1970.025

206 0,0094

212 0, ()()46

16

182 0./99

193 IJ.095

202 0,046

209 0.025

218 0.0099

224 0'()050

17

193 0.195

2040.096

2130,049

221 0.025

231 0.0093

237 O. ()(148

18

204 0.192

215 0,(J97

225 (W47

233 11.024

243 0,0096

250 0.0046

31 0.191

34 0.086

360.038

370.019

380.0095

43 0.19]

47 (J.087

50 (1.040

52 0.021

540.0091

56 0.0026

55 (),18S

59 0.097

63 0.044

66 0.021

69 0.008n

71 0.0041

67 0.183

72 0.088

76 (1,044

79 O,()24

830.0093

86 0,0039

78 0.198

84 0,092

890,043

930.021

97 0.0090

100 0.0044

1060.022

111 0.0085

114 0.0045

119 OJ)22

124 OJJ094

128 OJ)044

12

19

0,05

900.188

96 (),{)94

101 (1.048

101 0.198

108 0.095

114 0.045

113 0.188

120 0.095

142 0,0043

124 0,195

1320.094

131 0.025
144 0,024

138 0.008n

10

151 0.009/

155 0.0048

11

136 0.185

144 0'(J94

126 0.048
138 0.050
151 0,047

157 0.023

1640.0094

169 0.0045

12

147 0.19/

1560.093

163 0.048

170 0.023

182 0.0049

13

158 0,]95

167 O.JO()

175 0.049

182 0.025

14

169 (),199

179 0,(198

188 0.046

195 0.024

177 0.0097
190 0.0098
203 OJI099

209 0.0048

15

181 ().190
192 0.194
203 O.J96

19] (W96

200 0.047

2080.023

216 O.O/()()

223 0.0045

16
17

203 0,095

212 (),048

220 O.OU

236 OJ)047

214 0,1(}()

224 0.049

233 (1.023

230 0.0090
242 O,OlOO

18

214 0]99

226 0.098

236 OJ)49

245 0.024

255 0,0/00

262 0.0050

19

226 O.J9]

238 0.096

268 0.0099

276 0.0046

33 0,173

36 0.078

248 0,050
38 0.035

2..'i8 0.023

39 0.017

40 0.0087

45 ().J97

49 0,094

520,046

55 (),OIR

57 OJI079

58 O.J83
70 (I,}92

620,(}97

66 0.045

69 0.023

72 0.0100

75 0.0034

75 0,097

800.042

830.024

87 0.0096

90 0.0043

,\

196 0.0045

249 O.004R

58 0.0045

82 (),/96

880.095

930.046

105 0.0043

94 0.198

101 OJI92

10(, 0.048

97 OJ)23
111 0.022

102 0.0087

116 O.0~93

120 0.0041

8
9

106 0.199
118 0.199
130 (),198

1130.099

119 0.049

124 0,025

1260,095

132 OJJ49

13S 0.023

1380.100

145 (W49

151 OJ)24

11
12
13

142 0.197

151 0,()95

158 OJJ49

165 0,023

130
144
158
172

154 0.195

163 0,()99

166 (),]94

176 (1,(194

171 OJ)48
1840,048

14

188 (lJ)97

1970.047

15

178 0,192
190 (),[91

178 0024
191 0.024
204 (1.025

2110 (I. OW

210 OJ)46

2180.023

227 0.0095

233 (W049

16

201 0.2110

213 (W95

222 OJ)49

241 0.0091

247 0.0049

17

213 0.198

225 (1,097

235 0.049

254 (W097

261 0.0048

18

225 0.196

237 (I,OW

248 OJ)48

231 OJ)24
244 0,024
257 0.024

275 OJ)(l48

19

2370,194

250 0.095

261 0.047

270 (I.OU

268 0.0094
281 0,0099

20

249 0,192

262 0.097

273 0.049

283 0.025

295 0.0095

303 0.0047

10

0.009n

134 0.0047

0.0097

1490.0043

0,0096

163 0.()(J45

0.0095

177 0.0047

186 0.0092

191 0.O(}48

200 0,0090

205 0.0049

213 0,0098

219 0.0049

289 0.0047

Statistical Tables

TABLE 7 Critical Values and P-Values of Bs for the Sign Test

Note: Because the Sign test null distribution is discrete. this table provides selected values of the test statistic B, in bold type
and corresponding P-values for a non-directional alternative in italics. Directional P-values are found by dividing the numbers
in italics in half.
nd

0.20

0.10

0.05

0.02

0,0[

0.002

0.001

2
3
4

50.063

50.063

6 0.031

60.031

60.031

60.125

70.016

70.016

7 0.070

70.070

80.008

80.008

80.00B

70.180

8 0.039

80.039

90.004

90.004

10

8 0.109

90.021

90.021

100.002

100.002

10 0.0020

11

90.065

9 0.065

10 0.012

10 O.OJ2

11 0.001

11 0.0010

11 0.0010

12

90.146

100.039

100.039

11 0.006

11 0.006

120.0005

12 0.0005

13

10 0.092

10 0.093

11 0.023

120.003

12 0.003

130.0002

13 0.0002

14
15

10 O.lBO

11 0.057

12 0.013

120.013

13 0.0018

13 0.0018

14 0.0001

11 0.118

12 0.035

nO.035

130.007

13 0.007

14 O.OOlO

14 0.0010

16

12 0.077

12 0.077

130.021

140.004

14 0.004

15 O.O()O5

15 0.0005

17

12 0.143

13 0.049

13 0.049

14 0.013

15 0.002

16 0.O()O3

16 0.0003

18

130.096

13 0.096

14 0.031

150.008

150.008

16 0.0013

17 0.0001

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

13 0.167

140.064

15 0.019

15 0.019

160.004

170.0007

170.0007

140.115

15 0.041

15 0.041

16 0.012

170.003

18 0.0004

18 0.0004

14 0.189

150.078

160.027

170.007

170.007

18 0.0015

19 0.0002

15 0.134

16 0.052

17 0.017

170.017

180.004

190.0009

190.0009

16 0.093

160.093

17 0.037

18 0.011

19 0.003

200.0005

20 0.0005

160.152

170.064

180.023

19 (f007

190.007

200.0015

21 0.0003

17 0.lO8

180.043

18 0.043

19 0.015

20 0.004

21 0.0009

21 0.0009

17 0.168

180.076

190.029

20 0.009

200.009

22 0.0005

22 0.0005

27

18 0.122

19 0.052

20 0.1)]9

200.019

21 0.006

22 0.0015

23 0.0003

28
29

18 O.IB5

19 0.087

20 0.036

210.013

22 OJJ04

23 0.0009

230.0009

19 0.136

20 0.061

21 0.024

22 0.008

220.008

24 0.0005

24 0.0005

30

200.099

200.099

21 0.043

22 0.016

230.005

24 0.0014

250.0003

31

200.152

21 0.071

22 (>-029

23 0.011

24 0.003

25 0.0009

25 0.0009

7 0.016

62

;tatistical Tables

D,BLE 8 Critical Values and P-Values of

V~'5

for thE' Wilcoxon Signed-RanI< lest

Because the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test null distribution is discrete, this table provides selected values of the test statistic Ws
bold type and corresponding P-values for a non-directional alternative in italics. Directional P-vaJues are found by dividing the

Jte:

Imbers in italics in half.

0.20

0.10

0,05

0.02

0.01

0,002

0.001

2
3

4
5

130,188

18 0,156

190.093

23 0.156

25 0.078

26 0.047

28 0.016

28 0.195

31 0,078

330.039

350.016

35 0.164

37 0.098

40 0.039

42 0.()20

44 0.0078

10

410.193

45 0.084

47 OJ)49

50 0.020

52 0.0098

55 0.0020

10 0.125
150.063

21 0.031

36 0.0078

J1

490.175

53 0.083

56 0.042

59 0.019

61 0.0098

65 0.0020

12

570.176

61 0.092

650.042

690,016

71 0.0093

760.0015

77 0.0010

13

65 0.191

70 0.094

74 0.048

79 0.0/7\

820.0081

870.0017

89 0.0007

14
15

740.194

80 0.091

84 0.049

90 0.017

93 0.0085

99 0.0017

101 0.0009

84 0:188

90 0.095

95 0.048

101 0.018

105 0.0084

112 0.0015

1140.0009

66 0.0010

16

940.193

101 0,093

1070J)44

113 0.018

117 0.0092

1250.0017

128 0,0008

17

105 0.190

1120.098

1190.045

126 0.017

130 0.0093

139 0.0017

142 0.0008

18

116 0.196

124 0.099

131 0.048

1390.01S

144 0.0090

153 0.0019

1570.0008

19

128 0.196

137 0.096

144 0.049

153 O.OJS

158 0.0094

169 0.0017

172 0.0010

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

141 0.189

150 O'()97

158 0.048

1670.019

173 0.0094

184 0.0020

189 0.0009

154 0.191

164 0.096

173 0.046

182 0.019

189 0.0090

201 0.0019

206 0.0009

1670.198

178 0.094

188 O'(J46

198 0.019

205 0.0093

218 0,0019

223 0.0009

1820,190

193 0.098

203 0.048

2140,020

2220.0091

236 0,0019

2410.0010

1960.197

209 0.095

2190.049

231 0.OJ9

239 0.0096

255 0.0018

260 0.0010

257 0.0096

2740.0018

280 0.0009

276 0.0094

2930.0020

300 0.0009

212 0.191

225 0.096

236 0.048

2490.0]9

2270.199

241 0.099

253 0.049

2670.0]9

244 0.194

2590.095

271 0.049

286 0.019

295 0.0096

3140.0019

321 0.0009

261 0.194

276 0.099

290 0,(J48

305 0.0]9

315 0.0095

335 0.0019

342 0.0010

278 0.198

295 0.096

309 0.048

325 0.019

335 0.0099

256 0,0020

364 0.0010

296 0.198

3140.096

328 0.050

345 0.020

3560.0099

379 0.0019

3870,0010

315 0.195

333 0,098

349 0,048

366 0,020

378 0.0097

402 0.0019

4100.0010

Statistical Tables

T:\BlE 9 Critical Values of the

Distribution

(hi~Square

Nole: Column headings are non-directional (omni-directional) P-values. If HA is

uirectional (which is only possible when df 1), the uirectional P-values are found
by dividing the column headings in half.

df

0.20

0.10

O.U5

0,02

0.01

0.001

0.0001

2
3
4
5

1.64
3.22
4.64
5.99
7.29

2.71
4.61
6.25
7.78
9.24

3.84
5.99
7.81
9.49
1l.07

5.41
7.82
9.84
11.67
13.39

6.63
9.21
1l.34
13.28
15.09

10.83
13.82
16.27
18.47
20.51

15.14
18.42
21.11
23.51
25.74

6
7
8
9
10

8.56
9.80
1l.03
12.24
13.44

10.64
12.02
13.36
14.68
15.99

12.59
14.07
15.51
16.92
18.31

15.03
16.62
18.17
19.68
21.16

16.81
18.48
20.09
21.67
23.21

22.46
24.32
26.12
27.88
29.59

27.86
29.88
31.83
33.12
35.56

11
12
14
15

14.63
15.81
16.98
18.15
19.31

17.28
18.55
19.81
21.06
22.31

19.68
21.03
22.36
23.68
25.00

22.62
24.05
25.47
26.87
28.26

24.72
26.22
27.69
29.14
30.58

31.26
32.91
34.53
36.12
37.70

37.37
39.13
40.87
42.58
44.26

16
17
18
19
20

20.47
21.61
22.76
23.90
25.04

23.54
24.77
25.99
27.20
28.41

26.30
27.59
28.87
30.14
31.41

29.63
31.00
32.35
33.69
3502

32.00
33.41
34.81
36.19
37.57

39.25
40.79
42.31
43.82
45.31

45.92
47.57
49.19
50.80
52.39

21
22
23
24
25

26.17
27.30
28.43
29.55
30.68

29.62
30.ln
32.01
33.20
34.38

32.67
33.92
35.17
36.42
37.65

36.34
37.66
38.97
40.27
41.57

38.93
40.29
41.64
42.98
44.31

46.80
48.27
49.73
51.18
52.62

53.96
55.52
57.08
58.61
60.14

26
27
28
29
30

31.79
32.91
34.03
35.14
36.25

35.56
36.74
37.92
39.09
40.26

38.89
40.11
41.34
42.56
43.77

42.86
\' 44.14
45.42
46.69
47.96

45.64
46.96
48.28
49.59
50.89

54.05
55.48
56.89
58.30
59.70

61.66
63.16
64.66
66.15
67.63

13

62;

ical Tables

TABLE 10 Critical Values of the F Distribution

Numerator df = 1
Denom.
df

TAIL PROBABILITY
0.20

0.10

0.05

0.02
1011
48.51
20.62
14.04
11.32
9.88
8.99
8.39
7.96
7.64

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

9.47
3.56
2.68
2.35
2.18
2.07
2.00
1.95
1.91
1.88

39.86
8.53
5.54
4.54
4.06
3.78
3.59
3.46
3.36
3.29

161
18.51
10.13
7.71
6.61
5.99
5.59
5.32
5.12
4.96

11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

1.86
1.84
1.82
1.81
1.80
1.79
1.78
1.77
1.76
1.76

3.23
3.18
3.14
3.10
3.07
3.05
3.03
3.01
2.99
2.97

4.84
4.75
4.67
4.60
4.54
4.49
4.45
4.41
4.38
4.35

7.39
7.19
7.02
6.89
6.77
6.67
6.59
6.51
6.45
6.39 .\

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

1.75
1.75
1.74
1.74
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.72
1.72
1.72

2.96
2.95
2.94
2.93
2.92
2.91
2.90
2.89
2.89
2.88

4.32
4.30
4.28
4.26
4.24
4.23
4.21
4.20
4.18
4.17

40
60
100
140

1.70
1.68
1.66
1.66
1.64

2.84
2.79
2.76
2.74
2.71

4.08
4.00
3.94
3.91
3.84

13

Notation:

40~ means 406 x 10".

0,01
405
98.50
34.12
21.20
16.26
13.75
12.25
11.26
10.56
10.04

0.001
1

4(6)

0.0001

998
167
74.14
47.18
35.51
29.25
25.41
22.86
21.04

405'
1002
784
242
125
82.49
62.17
50.69
43.48
38.58

9.65
9.33
9.07
8.86
8.68
8.53
8.40
8.29
8.18
8.10

19.69
18.64
17.82
17.14
16.59
16.12
15.72
15.38
15.08
14.82

35.06
32.43
30.39
28.77
27.45
26.36
25.44
24.66
23.99
23.40

6.34
6.29
6.25
6.21
6.18
6.14
6.11
6.09
6.06
6.04

8.02
7.95
7.88
7.82
7.77
7.72
7.68
7.64
7.60
7.56

14.59
14.38
14.20
14.03
13.88
13.74
13.61
13.50
13.39
13.29

22.89
22.43
22.03
21.66
21.34
21.04
20.77
20.53
20.30
20.09

5.87
5.71
5.59
5.54
5.41

7.31
7.08
6.90
6.82
6.63

12.61
11.97
11.50
11.30
10.83

18.67
17.38
16.43
16.05
15.14

Continucd

Statistical Tables

fABLE 10 Critical Values of the F Distribution

(continued)
Numerator df = 2
Denom,
df

T AIL PROBABILITY

0,20

0,10

0,05

o.oz

125 1

om

0,001
1

(WOOl

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

12,00
4,00
2,89
2,47
2,26
2,13
2,04
1.98
1.93
1.90

49,50
9,00
5.46
4.32
3,78
3.46
3.26
3.11
3,01
2,92

200
19,00
9.55
6,94
5,79
5.14
4,74
4,46
4,26
4.10

49,00
18,86
12.14
9,45
8,05
7.20
6,64
6,23
5,93

500
99,00
30,82
18.00
13.27
10,92
9.55
8,65
8,02
7.56

500-'
999
149
61.25
37,12
27,00
21,69
18.49
16,39
14,91

50(P
1002
695
198
97,03
61.63
45.13
36,00
30,34
26.55

11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

1.87
1.85
1.83
1.81
1.80
1.78
1.77
1.76
1.75
1.75

2,86
2,81
2,76
2,73
2,70
2,67
2.64
2,62
2,61
2,59

3,98
3,89
3,81
3,74
3,68
3,63
3.59
3.55
3.52
3,49

5,70
5,52
5,37
5,24
5.14
5.05
4,97
4,90
4,84
4,79

7,21
6,93
6,70
6,51
6.36
6.23
6.11
6,01
5,93
5,85

13,81
12,97
12,31
11.78
11.34
10.97
10,66
10,39
10,16
9,95

23,85
21.85
20,31
19,09
18.11
17.30
16.62
16,04
15,55
15,12

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

1.74
1.73
1.73
1.72
1.72
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.70
1.70

2.57
2,56
2.55
2,54
2,53
2.52
2,51
2.50
2,50
2,49

3.47
3.44
3,42
3.40
3.39
3,37
3.35
3,34
3.33
3,32

4,74
4,70
4,66
4,63
4,59
4.56
4.54
4,51
4,49
4.47

5,78
5,72
5,66
5,61
5,57
5,53
5.45
5,42
5,39

9,77
9,61
9,47
9,34
9,22
9,12
9,02
8,93
8,85
8,77

14,74
14.41
14,12
13,85
13,62
13,40
13,21
13,03
12,87
12,72

40
60
100
140

1.68
1.65
1.64
1.63
1.61

2.44
2.39
2,36
2.34
2.30

3,23

4.32
4,18
4,07
4.02
3,91

5,18
4,98
4,82
4,76
4,61

8,25
7,77
7.41
7.26
6.91

13

3,15 \.
3,09
3,06
3,00

5...19

IUO
10,78

10,11
9,84
9.21

tical Tables

TABLE 10 Critical Values of the F Distribution

(continued)
Numerator df :I
Denom.
df

TAIL PROBABILITY
0.20

0.10

0.05

0.02

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

13.06
4.16
2.94
2.48
2.25
2.11
2.02
1.95
1.90
1.86

53.59
9.16
5.39
4.19
3.62
3.29
3.07
2.92
2.81
2.73

216
19.16
9.28
6,59
5.41
4.76
4.35
4.07
3.86
3.71

49.17
18.11
11.34
8,67
7.29
6.45
5.90
5.51
5.22

11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

1.83
1.1'10
1.71'1
1.76
1.75
1.74
1.72
1.71
1.70
1.70

2.66
2.61
2.56
2.52
2.49
2,46
2.44
2.42
2,40
2.38

3.59
3.49
3.41
3.34
3.29
3.24
3.20
3.16
3.13
3.10

4.99
4.81
4.67
4.55
4.45
4.36
4.29
4.22 \
4.16 .
4.11

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
21'1
29
30

l.69
1.68
1.68
1.67
1.66
1.66
1.65
1.65
l.65
1.64

2.36
2.35
2.34
2.33
2.32
2.31
2.30
2.29
2.21'1
2.28

3.07
3.05
3.03
3.0l
2.99
2.98
2.96
2.95
2.93
2.92

40
60
100
140

1.62
1.60
1.58
1.57
1.55

2.23
2.18
2.14
2.12
2.01'1

2.84
2.76
2.70
2.67
2.60

13

O.()()()l

0.01

0.001

5401
99.17
29.46
16.69
12.06
9.78
8,45
7.59
6.99
6.55

540'
999
141
56.18
33.20
23.70
18.77
15.83
13.90
12.55

659
181
86.29
53.68
38.68
30,46
25.40
22.04

6.22
5.95
5.74
5.56
5.42
,5.29
5.11'1
5.09
5,CJI
4.94

11.56
10.80
10.21
9.73
9.34
9.01
8.73
8.49
8.28
8.10

19.66
17.90
16.55
15.49
14.64
13.93
13.34
12.85
12,42
12.05

4.07
4.03
3,99
3.96
3.93
3.90
3.87
3.85
3,83
3.81

4.1'17
4.82
4.76
4.72
4.68
4.64
4.60
4.57
4.54
4.51

7.94
7.R()
7.67
7.55
7.45
7.36
7.27
7.19
7.12
7.05

11.73
11.44
11.19
10.96
10.76
10.58
10,41
10.26
10.12
9.99

3.67
3.53
3.43
3.3R
3.28

4.31
4.13
3.91'1
3.92
3.71'1

6.59
6.17
5.86
5.73
5.42

9.13
fI.35
7.79
7.57
7.04

135 1

540~
1002

Statistical Tables

TABLE 10 Critical Values of the F Distribution

(continued)
Numerator df = 4
Denom.
df

TAIL PROBABILITY
0.20

0.10

0.05

0.D2

0.01

0.001
562 3

0.0001
5625

13.64
4.24
2.96
2.48
2.24
2.09
1.99
1.92
1.87
1.83

55.83
9.24
5.34
4.11
3.52
3.18
2.96
2.81
2.69
2.61

225
19.25
9.12
6.39
5.19
4.53
4.12
3.84
3.63
3.48

1411
49.25
17.69
10.90
8.23
6.86
6.03
5.49
5.10
4.82

5621
99.25
28.71
15.98
11.39
9.15
7.85
7.01
6.42
5.99

999
137
53.44
31.09
21.92
17.20
14.39
12.56
11.28

640
172
80.53
49.42
35.22
27.49
22.77
19.63

l.80
1.75
1.73
1.71
1.70
1.68
1.67
1.66
1.65

2.54
2.48
2.43
2.39
2.36
2.33
2.31
2.29
2.27
2.25

3.36
3.26
3.18
3.11
3.06
3.01
2.96
2.93
2.90
2.87

4.59
4.42
4.28
4.16
4J16
3.97
3.90
3.84
3.78
3.73

5.67
5.41
5.21
5.04
4.89
4.77
4.67
4.58
4.50
4.43

10.35
9.63
9.07
8.62
8.25
7.94
7.68
7.46
7.27
7.10

17.42
15.79
14.55
13.57
12.78
12.14
11.60
11.14
10.75
10.41

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

1.65
1.64
1.63
1.63
1.62
1.62
1.61
1.61
1.60
1.60

2.23
2.22
2.21
2.19
2.18
2.17
2.17
2.16
2.15
2.14

2.84
2.82
2.80
2.78
2.76
2.74
2.73
2.71
2.70
2.69

3.69
3.65
3.61
3.58
3.55
3.52
3.50
3.47
3.45
3.43

4.37
4.31
4.26
4.22
4.18
4.14
4.11
4.07
4.04
4.02

6.95
6.81
6.70
6.59
6.49
6.41
6.33
6.25
6.19
6.12

10.12
9.86
9.63
9.42
9.24
9.07
8.92
8.79
8.66
8.54

40
60
100
140

1.57
1.55
1.53
1.52
1.50

2.09

2.(11
2.53
2.46
2.44
2.37

3.30
3.16
3.06
3.02
2.92

3.83
3.65
3.51
3.46
3.32

5.70
5.31
5.02
4.90
4.62

7.76
7.06
6.55
6.35
5.88

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

1.77

2:04
2.00
1.99
1.94

IO<Y

6:

tistical Tables

1 /.>,L, t

"'t (

( Itt.iud

Vcoi!iC'

c,' t h ( ,r [)I~T.ni','tlc

rc(. n t iii I' t' (

Numerator df =
Denom,
df

TAIL PROBABILITY
O.()~

0.Q2

0.20

0.10

I
2
3
4
5
Ii
7
H
9
10

14.01
4.2R
2.97

57.24
9.29
5.31
4.05
3.45
3.11
2.HR
2.73
2.lil
2.52

19.30
9.ll]
1i.26
5.05
4.39
3.97
3.liY
3.48
3.33

49.30
17.43
10.62
7.95
6.58
5.71i
5.22
4.H4
4.55

II
12
13
14
15
Iii
17
lH
19
20

1.77
1.74
1.72
1.70
I.liR
I.li7
I.li5
1.63
I.li2

2.45
2.39
2.35
2.31
2.27
2.24
2.22
2.20
2.1R
2.1h

3.20
3.11
3.03
2.96
2.90
2.H5
2.Hl
2.77
2.74
2.71

21
22
23
24
25
21i
27
2H
29
30

1.61
I.Ii I
I.liO
1.59
1.59
1.5H
1.5R
1.57
1.57
1.57

2.14
2.13
2.11
2.10
2.09
2.m;
2.07
2.06
2.0(,
2.05

40
(iO
lOt)
140

1.54
1.51
1.49
1.4H
1.46

2.00
1.95
1.91
UN
I.H5

2.4~

2.23
2.0~

1.97
1.90
1.85
I.HO

I.M

no

14~ I

0.01

0.001

0.0001

57li 1
99.30
2R.24
15.52
10.97
8.75
7.46
li.li3
6.06
5.64

571i:'
999
135
51.71
29.75
20.HO
16.21
13.48
11.71
10.48

571i'
1002
62H
Ili6
76.91
46.7:;
33.06
25.63
21.11
IR.12

4.34
4,16
4.02
3.90
3.Rl
3.72
3.('\'i
3.59
3.53
3.4H

5.32
5.06
4.81i
4.li9
4.56
4.44
4.34
4.25
4.17
4.10

9.58
R.H9
8.35
7.92
7.57
7.27
7.02
Ii.HI
li.li2
1i.41i

16.02
14.47
13.29
12.37
11.62
11.01
10.50
10.07
9.71
9.39

2.68
2.6()
2.M
2.li2
2.60
2.59
2.57
2.56
2.55
2.53

3.44'
3.40
3.36
3.33
3.30
3.28
3.25
3.23
3.21
3.19

4.04
3.9Y
3.94
3.90
3.H5
3.R2
3.7H
3.75
3.73
3.70

6.32
1i.1Y
6.01\
5.9H
5.R9
5.80
5.73
5.li6
5.5Y
5.53

9.11
8.R7
H.65
H.46
8.2H
H.D
7.99
7.86
7.74
7.li3

2.45
2.37
2.31
2.2R
2.21

3.05
2,92
2.82
2.7H
2.liH

3.51
3.34
3.21
3.15
3.02

5.13
4.76
4.41\
4.37
4.10

6.90
1i.25
5.7R
5.59
5.15

Statistical Tables

rABlE 10 Critical Valut!s ot the F Distriblltion

(continued)
Numerator df = 6
Denom.
df

TAIL PROBABILITY
0.20

0.10

0.05

146 1

om

0'(){)1
586 3

(J.OOOI

49.33
17.25
10.42
7.76
6.39
5.58
5.04
4.65
4.37

586
99.33
27.91
15.21
10.67
8.47
7.19
6.37
5.80
5.39

999
133
50.53
28.83
20.03
15.52
12.86
11.13
9.93

5865
1002
620
162
74.43
44.91
31.57
24.36
19.97
17.08

3.09
3.(){)
2.92
2.85
2.79
2.74
2.70
2.66
2.63
2.60

4.15
3.98
3.84
3.72
3.63
3.54
3.47
3.41
3.35
3.30

5.07
4.82
4.62
4.46
4.32
4.20
4.10
4.01
3.94
3.87

9.05
8.38
7.86
7.44
7.09
6.80
6.56
6.35
6.18
6.02

15.05
13.56
12.42
11.53
10.82
10.23
9.75
9.33
8.98
8.68

2.08
2.06
2.05
2.04
2.02
2.01
2.00
2.00
1.99
1.98

2.57
2.55
2.53
2.51
2.49
2.47
2.46
2.45
2.43
2.42

3.26
3.22
3.19
3.15
3.13
3.10
3.07
3.05
3.03
3.01

3.81
3.76
3.71
3.67
3.63
3.59
3.56
3.53
3.50
3.47

5.88
5.76
5.65
5.55
5.46
5.38
5.31
5.24
5.18
5.12

8.41
8.18
7.97
7.79
7.62
7.48
7.34
7.22
7.10
7.00

1.93
!-.In
1.83
1.82
1.77

2.34
2.25"
2.19
2.16
2.10

2.88
2.75
2.65
2.61
2.51

3.29
3.12
2.99
2.93
2.80

4.73
4.37
4.11
4.00
3.74

6.30
5.68
5.24
5.06
4.64

SR.20

10

14.26
4.32
2.97
2.47
2.22
2.06
1.96
1.88
1.83
1.78

9.33
5.28
4.01
3.40
3.05
2.83
2.67
2.55
2.46

234
19.33
8.94
6.16
4.95
4.28
3.87
3.58
3.37
3.22

"11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

1.75
1.72
1.69
1.67
1.66
1.64
1.63
1.62
1.61
1.60

2.39
2.33
2.28
2.24
2.21
2.18
2.15
2.13
2.11
2.09

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

1.59
1.58
1.57
1.57
1.56
1.56
1.55
1.55
1.54
1.54

40
60
100
140

1.51
1.48
1.46
1.45
1.43

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

0.02

63

tatistical Tables

TABLf

1(l

Critical Values of thf' F Distributiol

(continlleci ,
Numerator df
Denom.
df

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

lR

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

40

60

100

140

0.20
14.44
4.34
2.97
2.47
2.21
2.05
1.94
1.87
1.81
1.77
1.73

UO
l.6g
1.65
1.64
1.62
1.61
1.60
1.58
1.58
1.57
1.56
1.55
1.55
1.54
1.53
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.49
1.46
1.43
1.42

O.to

5i:\.91
9.35
5.27
3.98
3.:'1

3.01
2.7i'l
2.62
2.51
2.41
2.34
2.2g
2.23
2.19
2.16
2.13
2.10
2.0/;
2.06
2.04
2.02
2.01
1.99
1.9R
1.97
1.%
1.95
1.94
1.93
1.93

un

1.82

I.7R
1.76

TAIL PROBABILITY
0.05
0.02

om

2:17
19.35
i:\.i:\9
6.09
4.81-)
4.21
3.79

350

3.29

3.14

3.01
2.91
28:l
2.76
2.71
2.66
2.61
2.58
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.46
2.44
2.42
2.40
2.39
2.37
2.36
2.35
2.33
2.25
2.17
2.10
2.0i:\

14i:\1
49.36
17.11
10.27
7.61
6.25
5.44
4.90
4.52
4.23
4.02
3.ti5
3.71
3.59
3.49
3.41
3.34
3.27
S.22
3.17
3.13
3Jl9
3.05
3.02
2.99
2.97
2.94
2.92
2.90
2.88
2.74
2.62
2.52
2.48

O.llOJ

0.0001

593 1

99.36
27.67
14.98
10.46
8.26
6.99
6.18
5.61
5.20
4.89
4.64
4.44
4.28
4.14
4.03
3.93
3.R4
3.77
3.70
3.64
3.59
3.54
3.50
3.46
3.42
3.39
3.36
3.33
3.30
3.12
2.95
2.82
2.77

999
132
49.66
28.16
19.46
15.02
12.40
10.70
9.52
8.66

8.00
7.49
7.0g
6.74
6.46
6.22
6.02
5.85
5.69
5.56
5.44
5.33
5.23
5.15
5.07
5.00
4.93
4./;7
4.1;2
4.44
4.09
3.83
3.72

I ()():

614

159

72.61
43.57
30.4g
23.42
19.14
16.32
14.34
12.89
11.79
10.92
10.2:1
9.66
9.19
K79
R.45
8,16
7.90
7.68
7.48
7.30
7.14
6.99
6.R6
6.75
6.64
6.54
5.86
5.27
4.84
4.67
4.27

&

Statistical Tables

TABLE 10 Critical Values of the F Distribution

(continued)
Numerator df = 8
Denom.
df

TAIL PROBABILITY
0.20

0.10

0.05

0.02

598 5
L002
609
157
71.23
42.54
29.64
22.71
18.50
15.74

2.70
2.64
2.59
2.55
2.51
2.48
2.45

3.91
3.74
3.60
3.48
3.39
3.30
3.23
3.17
3.12
3.07

4.74
4.50
4.30
4.14
4.00
3.89
3.79
3.71
3.63
3.56

8.35
7.71
7.21
6.80
6.47
6.19
5.96
5.76
5.59
5.44

13.80
12.38
11.30
10.46
9.78
9.23
8.76
8.38
8.04
7.76

2.42
2.40
2.37
2.36
2.34
2.32
2.31
2.29
2.28
2.27

3.02
2.99
2.95
2.92
2.89
2.86
2.84
2.82
2.80
2.78

3.51
3.45
3.41
3.36
3.32
3.29
3.26
3.23
3.20
3.17

5.31
5.19
5.09
4.99
4.91
4.83
4.76
4.69
4.64
4.58

7.51
7.29
7.09
6.92
6.76
6.62
6.50
6.38
6.28
6.18

2.1'S
2.10
2.03
2.01
1.94

2.64
2.51
2.41
2.37
2.27

2.99
2.82
2.69
2.64
2.51

4.21
3.86
3.61
3.51
3.27

5.53
4.95
4.53
4.36
3.98

59.44
9.37
5.25
3.95
3.34
2.98
2.75
2.59
2.47
2.38

239
19.37
8.85
6.04
4.82
4.15
3.73
3.44
3.23
3.07

149
49.37
17.01
10.16
7.50
6.14
5.33
4.79
4.41
4.13

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

1.72
1.69
1.66
1.64
1.62
1.61
1.59
1.58
1.57
1.56

2.30
2.24
2.20
2.15
2.12
2.09
2.06
2.04
2.02
2.00

2.95
2.85

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

[.55
1.54
1.53
1.53
1.52
1.52
1.51
1.51
1.50
1.50

1.98
1.97
1.95
1.94
1.93
1.92
1.91

40
60
100
140

1.47
1.44
1.41
1.40
1.38

1.83

I.n
1.73
1.71
1.67

0.0001

999
131
49.00
27.65
19.03
14.63
12.05
10.37
9.20

14.58
4.36
2.98
2.47
2.20
2.04
1.93
1.86
1.80
1.75

1.89
1.88

0.001

99.37
27.49
14.80
10.29
8.10
6.84
6.03
5.47
5.06

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1.90

0.01

2.n

598 1

5983

11istical Tables

'\

.'

2,l)S

Y
10

2.4f,
2.20
2J1J
1.93
I.t\:"
I.7Y
1.74

11
12

1.70
1.67

4
5
6

7
K

L\

I.()~

14
15

1.63
1.61
159
1.58
1.56
1.55
1.54

If>

17
I~

19
20
21
22
2.'
24
2)
26
27

2X
29
:l0
40
60

100
141)

153
1.53
1.52
I

1.51
150

1.49
1.49
1.49
I.4S

'U)-\
5.24
3.94
3.32
2.96
2.72
256
2.44
2.35

2.27
2.21
2.16
2.12
2.0()

10.3)-\
iI.t\1
h.OO
4.77

4.10
3.01'
3.:\li
3.IK
J.u2

4<).3<)
16.i.)3
1007
7.42
6.0:;
5.24
4.70
433
4.04

DO

:".~5

48.47
27.24
18.lii.)
14.3.,
11.77
10.11

4.94

8.96

8.12
7.4N
h.9K
658
6.26
5.9:--:
5.75

4.6~

439
4.19
4.03
J.g,!
."Ut\
J.6S
J.hO
352
:l.46

2.00

1.9t\

2.42

1.96

2.39

3.l1h
3.52
3.40
3.30
3.22
3.15
3:0<)
3.03
2()X

1.()5
1.9.1
1.92
1.91
1.t\9
1.88
1.87
1.:--:7

2.37
234

2.Y4
2.90

2.03

999

,3.~3

2.90
2.KO
2.71
2,65
2.59
254
2.49
2.41,

:''()h

<)0.~<)

27.35
14.66
10.16
7.9:--:
6.7"2
5.91

232

2.~7

340
3.35
3.30

2.:m

2,XJ

3.2h

2.2X
2.27

2.81
2.7:--:
2.7(,

3.22

5.:'6

5.39
5.24

7.19
6.9K
6.79
1i.6:'
6.47
6.33
6.21
6.09
5.99
5.2()
4.1i<i
4.2<)
4.12
:\.75

2.71
2.li9

2.12

2.56

1.Xt)

4.02

2.43
2,3J

I.hi':

I. 9.">

I.h"

I.X~

2.:N
2.19

2,72
2.59
2.54
2.41

3.6')

IN)

2.()4
1.<)7

I.X6

2,2~

LX5

2.21

lAS
1.42
1.40
1.39

1.79
1.74

1.36

2.7~

1~.37

11.98
10.92
IO.O()
9.42
X.8K
K43
!I.U5
7.72
7.44

5.11
4.99
4.119
4.t\0
4.71
4.64
4.57
4.50
4.45
4.39

3.1t\
.1.15
3.12
.1.09
3.07

2.2)
2.24

100"
606
155
70.13
41.73
2)-\.99
22.14
IK()()
15.27

.1.44

_n4

J.IO

5.90

Statistical Tables

rABlE 10 Critical Values of the F Distribution

(continued)
Numerator df = 10
Denom.
lIf

0.20

0.10

TAIL PROBABILITY
0.02
0.05
0.01

4.54
4.30
4.10
3.94
3.80
3.69
3.59
3.51
3.43
3.37

7.92
7.29
6.80
6.40
6.08
5.81
5.58
5.39
5.22
5.08

'"13.02
11.65
10.60
9.79
9.13
8.60
8.15
7.78
7.46
7.18

2.87
2.83
2.80
2.77
2.74
2.71
2.69
2.66
2.64
2.62

3.31
3.26
3.21
3.17
3.13
3.09
3.06
3.03
3.00
2.98

4.95
4.83
4.73
4.64
4.56
4.48
4.41
4.35
4.29
4.24

6.94
6.73
6.54
6.37
6.23
6.09
5.97
5.86
5.76
5.66

2.49
2.36
2.26
2.22
2.12

2.80
2.63
2.50
2.45
2.32

3.87
3.54
3.30
3.20
2.96

5.04
4.48
4.08
3.93
3.56

to

60.19
9.39
5.23
3.92
3.30
2.94
2.70
2.54
2.42
2.32

242
19.40
8.79
5.96
4.74
4.06
3.64
3.35
3.14
2.98

49.40
16.86
10.00
7.34
5.98
5.17
4.63
4.26
3.97

606
99.40
27.23
14.55
10.05
7.87
6.62
5.81
5.26
4.85

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

1.69
1.66
1.64
1.62
1.60
1.58
1.57
1.55
1.54
1.53

2.25
2.19
2.14
2.10
2.06
2.03
2.00
1.98
1.96
1.94

2.85
2.75
2.67
2.60
2.54
2.49
2.45
2.41
2.38
2.35

3.76
3.59
3.45
3.33
3.23
3.15
3.08
3.02
2.96
2.91

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

1.52
1.51
\.51
1.50
1.49
1.49
1.48
1.48
1.47
1.47

1.92
1.90
1.89
1.88
1.87
1.86
1.85
1.84
1.83
1.82

2.32
2.30
2.27
2.25
2.24
2.22
2.20
2.19
2.18
2.16

40
60
lUO
140

1.44
1.41
1.38
1.37
1.34

1.76
1.71
1.66
1.64
1.60

2.08
1.99\'
1.93
1.90
1.83

0.0001
6065
1002
603
154
69.25
41.08
28.45
21.68
17.59
14.90

14.77
4.38
2.98
2.46
2.19
2.03
1.92
1.84
1.78
1.73

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

0.001
999
129
48.05
26.92
18.41
14.08
11.54
9.89
8.75

151 1

6063

63;

tatistical Tables

BLE 11 Bonferroni Multipliers for 95% Confidence

The values given in the table are

tdf,O,025Ik

Interval~

where k is the number of tests,

NUMBER OF TESTS
If

10

15

20

I
2
3
4
5

12.706
4,303
3.182
2.776
2.571

25.452
6.205
4.177
3.495
3.163

38,185
7.648
4.857
3.961
3.534

50.923
8.860
5.392
4.315
3.810

63.657
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032

76.384
10.885
6.231
4.851
4.219

101.856
12.590
6.895
5.261
4.526

127.321
14.089
7.453
5.598
4.773

190,946
17,275
8.575
6.254
5.247

254.647
19,963
9.465
6.758
5.604

6
7
8
9
10

2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262
2.228

2.969
2.841
2.752
2.685
2.634

3.287
3.128
3.016
2.933
2.870

3.521
3.335
3.206
3.111
3.038

3,707
3.499
3.355
3.250
3.169

3.863
3.636
3.479
3.364
3.277

4.115
3.855
3.677
3.547
3.448

4.317
4.029
3.833
3.690
3.581

4.698
4.355
4.122
3.954
3.827

4.981
4.595
4.334
4.146
4.005

11
12
13
14
15

2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145
2.131

2.593
2.560
2.533
2.510
2.490

2.820
2.779
2.746
2.718
2.694

2.981
2.934
2.896
2.864
2.837

3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977
2.947

3.208
3.153
3.107
3.069
3.036

3.370
3.308
3.256
3.214
3.177

3.497
3.428
3.372
3.326
3.286

3.728
3.649
3.584
3.529
3.484

3.895
3.807
3.735
3.675
3.624

16
17
18
19
20

2.120
2.110
2.101
2,093
2,086

2.473
2.458
2.445
2.433
2.423

2.673
2.655
2.639
2.625
2.613

2.813
2.793
2.775
2.759
2,744

2.921
2.898
2.878
2.861
2,845

3.008
2.984
2.963
. \ 2,944
2,927

3.146
3.119
3.095
3,074
3.055

3.252
3.222
3.197
3.174
3.153

3.444
3,410
3,380
3.354
3,331

3.581
3.543
3.510
3.481
3.455

25
30
40
50
60

2,060
2.042
2,021
2.009
2.000

2.385
2.360
2,329
2.311
2.299

2.566
2.536
2.499
2.477
2.463

2,692
2,657
2.616
2.591
2.575

2.787
2.750
2.704
2.678
2.660

2.865
2,825
2.776
2,747
2.729

2.986
2.941
2.887
2,855
2.834

3.078
3.030
2.971
2,937
2.915

3,244
3.189
3.122
3.083
3.057

3.361
3.300
3.227
3.184
3.156

70
80
100
140
1O0O

1.994
1.990
1.984
1.977
1.962

2.291
2.284
2.276
2.266
2.245

2.453
2.445
2.435
2.423
2.398

2.564
2.555
2.544
2.530
2.502

2,648
2.639
2.626
2.611
2.581

2.715
2.705
2.692
2.676
2.643

2.820
2.809
2.793
2.776
2.740

2.899
2.887
2.871
2.852
2.813

3.039
3.026
3.007
2.986
2.942

3.137
3.122
3.102
3.079
3.031

1.960

2.241

2.394

2.498

2.576

2.638

2.734

2.807

2.935

3.023